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12 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 49 referencia.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01646-z .- Full-text access to a view-only version (Acceso a texto completo de sólo lectura en este enlace) https://rdcu.be/c8vZi, Urban greenspaces support multiple nature-based services, many of which depend on the amount of soil carbon (C). Yet, the environmental drivers of soil C and its sensitivity to warming are still poorly understood globally. Here we use soil samples from 56 paired urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems worldwide and combine soil C concentration and size fractionation measures with metagenomics and warming incubations. We show that surface soils in urban and natural ecosystems sustain similar C concentrations that follow comparable negative relationships with temperature. Plant productivity’s contribution to explaining soil C was higher in natural ecosystems, while in urban ecosystems, the soil microbial biomass had the greatest explanatory power. Moreover, the soil microbiome supported a faster C mineralization rate with experimental warming in urban greenspaces compared with natural ecosystems. Consequently, urban management strategies should consider the soil microbiome to maintain soil C and related ecosystem services., This study was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN), and by BES Grant Agreement No. LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). M.D-B., P.G-P., J.D. and A.R. acknowledge support from TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.D.-B. also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. was also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). D.J.E. was supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. J.P.V. thanks the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) (EEQ/2021/001083, SIR/2022/000626) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) and Banaras Hindu Univeristy-IoE (6031)-incentive grant for financial assistance for research in plant-microbe interaction and soil microbiome. J.D. and A. Rodríguez acknowledge support from the FCT (2020.03670.CEECIND and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2021) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC).

22 páginas.-. 5 figuras.- 64 referencias.- Supplementary Information This pdf file includes: Supplementary Figs. 1–5, Tables 1–11 and references. https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41559-022-01935-4/MediaObjects/41559_2022_1935_MOESM1_ESM.pdf, While the contribution of biodiversity to supporting multiple ecosystem functions is well established in natural ecosystems, the relationship of the above- and below-ground diversity with ecosystem multifunctionality remains virtually unknown in urban greenspaces. Here we conducted a standardized survey of urban greenspaces from 56 municipalities across six continents, aiming to investigate the relationships of plant and soil biodiversity (diversity of bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates, and metagenomics-based functional diversity) with 18 surrogates of ecosystem functions from nine ecosystem services. We found that soil biodiversity across biomes was significantly and positively correlated with multiple dimensions of ecosystem functions, and contributed to key ecosystem services such as microbially driven carbon pools, organic matter decomposition, plant productivity, nutrient cycling, water regulation, plant–soil mutualism, plant pathogen control and antibiotic resistance regulation. Plant diversity only indirectly influenced multifunctionality in urban greenspaces via changes in soil conditions that were associated with soil biodiversity. These findings were maintained after controlling for climate, spatial context, soil properties, vegetation and management practices. This study provides solid evidence that conserving soil biodiversity in urban greenspaces is key to supporting multiple dimensions of ecosystem functioning, which is critical for the sustainability of urban ecosystems and human wellbeing., This study was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN), and by the BES grant agreement number LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). M.D.-B. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01-Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). H.C. was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28020202), National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1500202) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91951109, 42230511, 92251305). K.F. was supported by Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST (2021QNRC001) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M703302). F.D.A. and S.A. were supported by ANID FONDECYT 11180538 and 1170995. J.P.V. was supported by SERB (SIR/2022/000626, EEQ/2021/001083), DST (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) and Banaras Hindu University, IoE (6031) incentives grant for plant-microbe interaction and soil microbiome research. T.G. and T.U.N were supported by the Slovenian Research Agency grants P4-0107, J4-3098 and J4-4547.

The teaching-learning optimization (TLBO) technique is applied to unbraced steel frames with semi-rigid beam-to-column connections and semi-rigid column-to-base connections. The algorithm for design produces optimized steel frames by choosing appropriate sections from a set of standard steel sections. These standard steel sections, including wide-flange profiles (W), are provided by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). The first example is subjected to the displacement, inter-story drift, and stress constraints of AISC-Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) regulations. In addition, the displacement and stress limitations of the AISC-Allowable Stress Design (ASD) standard and the geometric (size) requirements are implemented in the last two examples. In finite element analysis, optimal designs of three alternative unbraced frames are performed with and without semi-rigid beam-to-column and column-to-base plate connections. All optimization techniques are encoded in the high-level programming language C# version 17.4.4 to integrate with SAP2000 version 22's Open Application Programming Interface (OAPI). The analysis results indicate that the rigidity of connections is determining parameter in the weight optimization of unbraced steel frames.

The present work demonstrates the design and synthesis of new indolo–pyrazole derivatives, their cytotoxic evaluation, tubulin polymerization inhibition, and molecular modeling studies.

A mobile phone is now a commonly used device for digital media and communication among all age groups. Young adolescents use it for longer durations, which exposes them to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). This exposure can lead to neuropsychiatric changes. The underlying cellular mechanism behind these changes requires detailed investigation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of RF-EMR emitted from mobile phones on young adolescent rat brains. Wistar rats (5 weeks, male) were exposed to RF-EMR signal (2115 MHz) at a head average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.51 W/kg continuously for 8 h. Higher level of lipid peroxidation, carbon-centered lipid radicals, and single-strand DNA damage was observed in the brain of rat exposed to RF-EMR. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) decreased in RF-EMR-exposed rats, indicating reduced neurogenesis. RF-EMR exposure also induced degenerative changes and neuronal loss in DG neurons but had no effect on the CA3 and CA1 neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The activity of Pro-caspase3 did not increase upon exposure in any of the brain regions, pointing out that degeneration observed in the DG region is not dependent on caspase activation. Results indicate that short-term acute exposure to RF-EMR induced the generation of carbon-centered lipid radicals and nuclear DNA damage, both of which likely played a role in the impaired neurogenesis and neuronal degeneration seen in the young brain's hippocampus region. The understanding of RF-EMR-induced alteration in the brain at the cellular level will help develop appropriate interventions for reducing its adverse impact.

Correction to: Nature Communications, published online 27 March 2023 In the version of this article originally published, the current affiliation 25, “CEAZA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile,” initially appeared as the last affiliation, offsetting all author footnotes from 25-39. The affiliation order has been restored in the article.

Background Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are adverse consequences of drug therapy and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 2.9-5.6% of all hospital admissions are due to ADRs and up to 35% of hospitalized patients experience ADRs during their hospital stay. Therefore, the study assesses nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) for monitoring and reporting spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Methods In this observational study, 155 professional nurses with Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL), Bachelor Nurses and Masters working in various hospitals and academic institutes in Janakpur Municipality were selected to complete 19 pre-validated questionnaires on knowledge, attitudes and practice of ADR monitoring and reporting’ response. The data were converted by a predetermined scoring method and subjected to statistical analysis. Results Most participants from PCL Nursing (52.25%), participants from Bachelor Nursing (35.48%) and the fewest participants from Master Nursing (12.25%) were between 26 and 35 years old. Regarding ADRs knowledge, the majority of the Master Nurses (86.18%) answered the question correctly. ADR that reported regularly, most certificate nurses disagreed (33.3%) and more certificate nurses were neutral (38.2%) and some certificate nurses were agreed (28.3%). Most master nurses (63.1%) had patients with ADRs, but bachelor nurses (52.7%) and certificate nurses (64.2%) had not experienced any patients with ADRs in the past year. Master nurses (78.9%) were aware of the response to ADRs reporting and monitoring, but most certificate nurses (83.9%) and bachelor nurses (65.5%) were unaware of the ADRs reporting and monitoring response. Conclusion We conclude that KAP of ADRs in nurses is not sufficient especially in certificate and bachelor nurses. But master level nurses responded well. This is due to their knowledge, attitude and practices on ADRs reporting and monitoring.

BACKGROUND: For longer pain relief from mandibular neuralgia (MN), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of trigeminal ganglion is undertaken intracranially and fluoroscopically. OBJECTIVES: For better safety, extracranial peripheral percutaneous mandibular nerve block (EPPMNB) has been tried; however, to the best of our knowledge, no such large series is published. STUDY DESIGN: Seven patients of MN were enrolled for EPPMNB. SETTINGS: Pain Outpatient Department (OPD) METHODS: Seven patients of MN underwent EPPMNB. RESULTS: EPPMNB can be safely undertaken in OPD with low risk of complications and is efficacious for long-term treatment for MN. LIMITATIONS: Further randomized controlled trials are required for definitive conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: EPPMNB with RFA is safe and effective for MN. KEY WORDS: Mandibular neuralgia, radiofrequency ablation, trigeminal ganglion

The trypsin being universal enzyme forming family of proteases catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids and regenerates the serine hydroxyl an active site. The trypsin enzyme from D. saccharalis, uses sericin as its preferred substrate. Presence of catalytic triad (serine, aspartic acid and histidine) at the substrate binding site of this enzyme is very important for the catalytic activity. In the current study, the interacting mechanism between the substrate sericin protein and enzyme trypsin protein were explored by integrating various computational approaches including physico-chemical properties, biophysical properties, dynamics, gene ontology, molecular docking, protein - protein interactions, binding free energy calculation and structural motifs were studied. The evolutionary study performed by MEGA X showed that trypsin protein sequence (ALE15212.1) is closely related to cocoonase protein sequence (ADG26770.1) from Antheraea pernyi. 3-D models of trypsin and sericin proteins were predicted using I-TASSER and further validated by PROCHECK, and ProSAweb softwares. The predicted trypsin structure model was assigned E.C. no. 3.4.21.4 which refers hydrolytic mechanism. Gene Ontology predicted by QuickGO showed that trypsin has serine hydrolase activity (GO: 00017171), and part of proteolysis (GO: 0006508) as well as protein metabolic process (GO:0019538) actvity. Molecular docking studies between trypsin and sericin proteins were conducted by the HADDOCK 2.4 having best docked protein complex with Z-score - 1.9. 2D and 3D protein-protein interaction was performed with LIGPLOT

The purpose of the present paper is to examine the isometries of almost Ricci–Yamabe solitons. Firstly, the conditions under which a compact gradient almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton is isometric to Euclidean sphere $$S^n(r)$$ S n ( r ) are obtained. Moreover, we have shown that the potential f of a compact gradient almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton agrees with the Hodge–de Rham potential h. Next, we studied complete gradient almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton with $$\alpha \ne 0$$ α ≠ 0 and non-trivial conformal vector field with non-negative scalar curvature and proved that it is either isometric to Euclidean space $$E^n$$ E n or Euclidean sphere $$S^n.$$ S n . Also, solenoidal and torse-forming vector fields are considered. Lastly, some non-trivial examples are constructed to verify the obtained results.

12 páginas.- 3 figuras.- 56 referencias.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37428-6, Soil contamination is one of the main threats to ecosystem health and sustainability. Yet little is known about the extent to which soil contaminants differ between urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems. Here we show that urban greenspaces and adjacent natural areas (i.e., natural/semi-natural ecosystems) shared similar levels of multiple soil contaminants (metal(loid)s, pesticides, microplastics, and antibiotic resistance genes) across the globe. We reveal that human influence explained many forms of soil contamination worldwide. Socio-economic factors were integral to explaining the occurrence of soil contaminants worldwide. We further show that increased levels of multiple soil contaminants were linked with changes in microbial traits including genes associated with environmental stress resistance, nutrient cycling, and pathogenesis. Taken together, our work demonstrates that human-driven soil contamination in nearby natural areas mirrors that in urban greenspaces globally, and highlights that soil contaminants have the potential to cause dire consequences for ecosystem sustainability and human wellbeing., This study was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN), and by the BES grant agreement No LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). We are grateful for the assistance of Yunyun Hao and Xuemei Han during soil sampling. We also thank Drs. Shuai Du and Xiuli Hao for their help in data analyses. M. D-B. is supported by the projects from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115813RA-I00) (SOIL4GROWTH) and TED2021-130908B-C41 (URBANCHANGE) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). Y-R. L. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42177022). M.G.A.H is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_188799). D.J.E. is supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. F.B. and J.L.M. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry and FEDER funds for the project AGL2017-85755-R, the I+D+i project PID2020-114942RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033, the i-LINK+2018 (LINKA20069) from CSIC, as well as funds from “Fundación Séneca” from Murcia Province (19896/GERM/15). E.M.-J. was supported by an Experienced Researcher Fellowship of the Humboldt Foundation. E.M-J. and C.P. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-116578RB-I00). F.A. is supported by ANID FONDECYT 1220358. H-W.H. and J-Z.H. are supported by the project (DP210100332) from Australian Research Council. S.A. is funded by ANID FONDECYT 1170995 and ANID ANILLO ACT192027. MB is supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant from Spanish Ministry of Science (RYC2021-031797-I). The contribution of TG and TUN was supported by the Research Program in Forest Biology, Ecology and Technology (P4-0107) and project V4-3098 of the Slovenian Research Agency. T.P.M. would like to acknowledge contributions from the National Research Foundation of South Africa and cities involved in the South African survey. J.D. and A. Rey acknowledge support from the FCT (IF/00950/2014 and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively). JPV is thankful to SERB (EEQ/2021/001083) and DST (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) and BHU-IoE (6031)-incentive grant for research and development. MCR acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Grant (694368). AM acknowledged financial support from the PMRF, Ministry of Education - Government of India, India.

Yoga is an ancient Indian science which is claimed that it develop perfect physical, mental and spiritual health. Several scientific studies have been conducted on Yogic practices for several years where it establishes a harmony between mind and body. Yoga practice shows some physiological effects on every system of our body. This article, an attempt has been made to evaluate the possible mechanisms for such physiological, biochemical and psychological effects with references. Yoga is thus described as comprising a rich treasure of physical and mental techniques that can be effectively used to create physical and mental wellbeing. Since its introduction into modern culture, yoga has enjoyed a tremendous growth in popularity as an healthy living.

Plant core microbiomes consist of persistent key members that provide critical host functions, but their assemblages can be interrupted by biotic and abiotic stresses. The pathobiome is comprised of dynamic microbial interactions in response to disease status of the host. Hence, identifying variation in the core microbiome and pathobiome can significantly advance our understanding of microbial-microbial interactions and consequences for disease progression and host functions. In this study, we combined glasshouse and field studies to analyse the soil and plant rhizosphere microbiome of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum) in the presence of a cotton-specific fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV). We found that FOV directly and consistently altered the rhizosphere microbiome, but the biocontrol agents enabled microbial assemblages to resist pathogenic stress. Using co-occurrence network analysis of the core microbiome, we identified the pathobiome comprised of the pathogen and key associate phylotypes in the cotton microbiome. Isolation and application of some negatively correlated pathobiome members provided protection against plant infection. Importantly, our field survey from multiple cotton fields validated the pattern and responses of core microbiomes under FOV infection. This study advances key understanding of core microbiome responses and existence of plant pathobiomes, which provides a novel framework to better manage plant diseases in agriculture and natural settings.

An experiment was conducted at a commercial banana orchard in Chitwan to find out the best chemical to increase the yield and quality of banana during the fruit development stage. The research was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replications. The treatment included plant growth hormones GA3 and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)@ 50 ppm and 100 ppm each. Similarly, Sulphate of Potash (SOP) was applied @ 1.5% and 2%. The first spray was applied soon after the bunch had completely opened, and the second spray was applied 15 days later. The effect of these chemicals on yield and quality parameters was observed. The result revealed that the application of GA3 @ 100 ppm increased the length, girth and weight of the bananas. Likewise, the highest weight of the third hand of the banana was also observed in GA3 @ 100 ppm, whereas minimum physiological loss in the weight of the finger and maximum pulp to peel ratio was observed in SOP @ 1.5%. Analyzing all these observed parameters, GA3 @ 100ppm was found to be the most suitable growth hormone to increase the overall yield while SOP @ 1.5% SAARC J. Agric., 20(1): 157-169 (2022)

This paper presents the effects of 3D conical topography on the pseudo-dynamically simulated ground motion characteristics. The simulation of pseudo-dynamic ground motion has been carried out using a fourth-order accurate staggered-grid time-domain 3D finite-difference method. In the case of numerical simulations, the radiation of seismic energy from the rupture plane as per Brune’s model as well as avoiding the coherency effects is a challenging job for the simulators. The randomization of slip, rise-time, and peak-time of the source time function and the rupture arrival time, as well as the incorporation of fault-roughness and damage zone, play important roles in seismic energy release from the rupture plane as well as in the reduction of currency effects on the high-frequency seismic radiations. Firstly, the ground motions have been simulated for a hypothetical strike-slip Mw 6.0 earthquake. The efficacy of the presented code has been validated with a good match of the computed average pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) using the simulated ground motion with that obtained using NGA-West2 GMPEs in the frequency range 0.1–5.0 Hz. The code has been able to correctly incorporate the rupture directivity effect. Further, the effect of 3D conical topography has been estimated with azimuthal coverage of receivers. The effect of the direction of the source on the topographic amplification has also been estimated. It has been observed that topography plays an important role in the amplification of earthquake ground motion. Also, the direction of the source plays an important role in estimating the pattern of topographic amplification.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential of Ayurvedic medicine to complement modern pharmacology. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and the limitations of conventional treatment have led to a search for alternative therapies. Ayurveda, with its holistic approach and use of natural substances, offers a promising solution. The integration of Ayurvedic principles and practices with modern pharmacology has the potential to provide a holistic approach to healing that considers physical, mental, and emotional aspects of health. &nbsp

A variety of environmental stress stimuli have been linked to poor quality of life, tissue dysfunctions and ailments including metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, and accelerated aging. Oxidative, metal and hypoxia stresses are largely associated with these phenotypes. Whereas drug development and disease therapeutics have advanced remarkably in last three decades, there are still limited options for stress management. Since the latter can effectively decrease the disease burden, we performed cell-based screening of antistress compounds by recruiting three chemical models of oxidative (paraquat), metal (cadmium nitrate) or hypoxia (cobalt chloride) stresses. The screening of 70 compounds for their ability to offer protection against oxidative, metal and hypoxia stresses resulted in selection of 5 compounds: Withaferin-A (Wi-A), methoxy Withaferin-A (mWi-A), Withanone (Wi-N), triethylene glycol (TEG), and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) leaf extract (M2DM). Molecular assays revealed that whereas stress caused increase in (i) apoptosis, (ii) ROS accumulation coupled with mitochondrial depolarization, (iii) DNA double-strand breaks, (iv) protein aggregation, low nontoxic doses of the selected compounds caused considerable protection. Furthermore, Wi-N, TEG and their mixture treated normal human fibroblasts (at young, mature and senescent stages representing progressively increasing accumulation of stress) showed increase in proliferation. Taken together, these results suggested three-way (oxidative, metal and hypoxia) antistress potential of Wi-N and TEG that may be useful for management of environmental and old-age related pathologies.

First lactation production records of 7,825 Mehsana buffaloes, sired by 200 sires maintained at DudhsagarResearch and Development Association, Dudhsagar Dairy, Mehsana over a period of 25 years (1989-2013), wereutilised for estimation of breeding value of the first lactation milk yield using BLUP - Univariate sire model andanimal model using WOMBAT software. The study aimed to find out the optimum number of daughters that maybe sufficient for more accurate and unbiased estimate of breeding value of Mehsana buffalo bulls. The effectivenessof different models run with different daughters per sire for sire evaluation was judged on the basis of within-sirevariance. The maximum and minimum estimated breeding values were 1924.04 l (BLUP-AM, 5 daughters/sire)and 1855.61 l (BLUP-SM, 30 daughters/sire), respectively. However, error variance estimated was highest whenfive daughters/sire were evaluated and lowest, when 30 daughters/sire were evaluated. The present study revealedthat the sire evaluation with sires having minimum 5, 10 and 15 daughters are equally efficient. However, if we doevaluation with sires having daughters more than 20, 25 or 30, additional accuracy of approximately 2.5%, 3% and5%, respectively may be obtained.

This research is focused upon the work, education and life of international students and the challenges faced by them. We generally have seen the craze of settling abroad and a special importance given to NRI students. In this research we aim to understand the challenges faced by them. How they hold up on themselves in the new country alone. This research is done through a questionnaire which consist some open ended and close ended questions related to the physical, mental and emotional struggle faced by the students abroad. Few interviews of the parents of students in India were also done and we observe them keenly how they feel living apart from their children. The result of the research was up to the mark of the reality. Students facing financial crisis, homesickness, cultural barrier. Having accommodation issues. Trouble in learning new laws and adapting the new governing system. Struggling between study and part time jobs with drain them mentally and physically resulting in the loss of studies and knowledge. Mental pressure and depression and medication facilities. All these challenges mentioned above are the outcomes of the research.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is prone to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). Because tracheal intubation is associated with a higher risk of death in these patients, AHRF employs high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT). The goal of this study was to assess the effect of HFNOT on oxygenation status as well as different predictors of HFNOT failure.A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in COVID-positive critically ill adult patients (age18 years) with AHRF, who were unable to maintain SpOA total of 114 patients were enrolled in the study, with an HFNOT failure rate of 29%. The median PaOThe use of HFNOT significantly increased the oxygenation levels in COVID-19 patients with AHRF at various time periods after HFNOT beginning. Age, SOFA score, APACHE II score, ROX score, admission P/F ratio, IL-6, D-dimer, and RBS were independent prognostic factors of HFNOT failure in this cohort.Khan MS, Prakash J, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya PK, Kumar R, Nirala DK. High-flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(5):596-603.

The usage of unstructured data is becoming obvious by companies and social media is raised heavily from past decade. The sharing of images, audio, and video content by the individual user and corporate can be observed everywhere. The current work focused on the Hadoop framework revision contributions so as to improve the performance of the eco system in the context of space and time parameters. The architecture basically provides the usage of Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and MapReduce (MR). We are proposing certain revision contributions so that the process of importing and processing of the tasks can get the benefit of time and space usage in the effective and efficient manner. The work provides the service running in two different ways which reduces the time requirements of the cluster management. In the distributed environment, this revision helps in the reduction of waiting time for the start of the service. The other context we have focused on, the local file system handler in the data storage and processing of the data, the provision of using the file system according to the proposed architecture, will handle the CPU context switch while performing the import and export process in the running of the jobs. The outcome of the work is revision architecture to reflect the service initiation by all the machines in the cluster and file system revision approach to minimize the CPU context switch, while performing the storage and processing relevant aspects of the Hadoop cluster.

9 páginas..- 4 figuras.- referencias.- Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108571, The environmental factors controlling soil biodiversity along resource gradients remain poorly understood in wet tropical ecosystems. Aboveground biodiversity is expected to be driven by changes in nutrient availability in these ecosystems, however, much less is known about the importance of nutrient availability in driving soil biodiversity. Here, we combined a cross-continental soil survey across tropical regions with a three decades' field experiment adding nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (100 kg N ha(-1)y(-1) and 100 kg P ha(-1)y(-1)) to Hawai'ian tropical forests with contrasting substrate ages (300 and 4,100,000 years) to investigate the influence of nutrient availability to explain the biodiversity of soil bacteria, fungi, protists, invertebrates and key functional genes. We found that soil biodiversity was driven by soil acidification during long-term pedogenesis and across environmental gradients, rather than by nutrient limitations. In fact, our results showed that experimental N additions caused substantial acidification in soils from Hawai'i. These declines in pH were related to large decreases in soil biodiversity from tropical ecosystems in four continents. Moreover, the microbial activity did not change in response to long-term N and P additions. We concluded that environmental filtering drives the biodiversity of multiple soil organisms, and that the acidification effects associated with N additions can further create substantial undesired net negative effects on overall soil biodiversity in naturally tropical acid soils. This knowledge is integral for the understanding and management of soil biodiversity in tropical ecosystems globally., Supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2018-025483-I), a “Ayuda P.P. 2020. Desarrollo Lineas Investigación Propias (UPO), a project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115813RA-I00), and a project PAIDI 2020 from the Junta de Andalucía (P20_00879). H.Y.C. is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101335), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M690589), Innovation Project of Young Technological Talents in Changchun City (21QC07), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2412021QD014). J.P.V. is thankful to DST and SERB (Science and Engineering Research Board), India for financial support for plant-microbe interaction research. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

19 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 98 referencias.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05292-x, Soils are the foundation of all terrestrial ecosystems1. However, unlike for plants and animals, a global assessment of hotspots for soil nature conservation is still lacking2. This hampers our ability to establish nature conservation priorities for the multiple dimensions that support the soil system: from soil biodiversity to ecosystem services. Here, to identify global hotspots for soil nature conservation, we performed a global field survey that includes observations of biodiversity (archaea, bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and functions (critical for six ecosystem services) in 615 composite samples of topsoil from a standardized survey in all continents. We found that each of the different ecological dimensions of soils—that is, species richness (alpha diversity, measured as amplicon sequence variants), community dissimilarity and ecosystem services—peaked in contrasting regions of the planet, and were associated with different environmental factors. Temperate ecosystems showed the highest species richness, whereas community dissimilarity peaked in the tropics, and colder high-latitudinal ecosystems were identified as hotspots of ecosystem services. These findings highlight the complexities that are involved in simultaneously protecting multiple ecological dimensions of soil. We further show that most of these hotspots are not adequately covered by protected areas (more than 70%), and are vulnerable in the context of several scenarios of global change. Our global estimation of priorities for soil nature conservation highlights the importance of accounting for the multidimensionality of soil biodiversity and ecosystem services to conserve soils for future generations., This project received funding from the British Ecological Society (agreement LRA17\1193; MUSGONET). C.A.G. and N.E. were funded by DFG–FZT 118, 202548816; C.A.G. was supported by FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/2340/2020; M.D.-B. was supported by RYC2018-025483-I, PID2020-115813RA-I00\MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and P20_00879. M.A.M.-M. and S.A. were funded by FONDECYT 1181034 and ANID-PIA-Anillo INACH ACT192057. J.D. and A.R. acknowledge support from IF/00950/2014, 2020.03670.CEECIND, SFRH/BDP/108913/2015 and UIDB/04004/2020. Y.-R.L. was supported by 2662019PY010 from the FRFCU. L.T. was supported by the ESF grant PRG632. F.B. and J.L.M. were supported by i-LINK+2018 (LINKA20069) funded by CSIC. C.T.-D. was supported by the Grupo de Biodibersidad & Cambio Global UBB–GI 170509/EF. C.P. was supported by the EU H2020 grant agreement 101000224. H.C. was supported by NSFC32101335, FRFCU2412021QD014 and CPSF2021M690589. J.P.V. was supported by DST (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) SERB (EEQ/2021/001083) and BHU-IoE (6031).

14 páginas.- 7 figuras.- 49 referencias, Background Little is known about the global distribution and environmental drivers of key microbial functional traits such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soils are one of Earth’s largest reservoirs of ARGs, which are integral for soil microbial competition, and have potential implications for plant and human health. Yet, their diversity and global patterns remain poorly described. Here, we analyzed 285 ARGs in soils from 1012 sites across all continents and created the first global atlas with the distributions of topsoil ARGs. Results We show that ARGs peaked in high latitude cold and boreal forests. Climatic seasonality and mobile genetic elements, associated with the transmission of antibiotic resistance, were also key drivers of their global distribution. Dominant ARGs were mainly related to multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump machineries. We further pinpointed the global hotspots of the diversity and proportions of soil ARGs. Conclusions Together, our work provides the foundation for a better understanding of the ecology and global distribution of the environmental soil antibiotic resistome., This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 702057 (CLIMIFUN), a Large Research Grant from the British Ecological Society (agreement no. LRA17\1193; MUSGONET), and from the European Research Council (ERC grant agreement no. 647038, BIODESERT). M. D. B. was also supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2018-025483-I). M.D-B. also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). FTM acknowledges support from Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041). J. Z. H and H. W. H. are financially supported by Australian Research Council (DP210100332). We also thank the project CTM2015-64728-C2-2-R from the Ministry of Science of Spain. C. A. G. and N. E. acknowledge funding by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118). TG was financially supported by Slovenian Research Agency (P4-0107, J4-3098 and J4-4547)

The present communication described an accelerated, efficient and reproducible in vitro propagation procedure for large-scale multiplication of Bambusa nutans Roxb. The nodal segments (12–18 mm) collected from secondary branches of superior clump in the month of April reported enhanced multiple shoot formation (7-8) when implanted on Murashige & Skoog semi solid medium supplemented with 10 µM BA (6-Benzylaminopurine). These axillary shoot cultures pass through ten subculture cycle on liquid medium of 10 µM BA. The cluster of two axillary shoots transferred to liquid MS medium containing 10 µM BA+ 7.0 µM NAA (a-Naphthaleneacetic acid) produced a maximum of 14.5 multiple shoots after 20 days of inoculation. Rooting of 100 % of shoots was achieved in excised propagules when transferred to ½ MS medium supplemented with 30 µM NAA. A two-step hardening procedure of in vitro raised plants ensured 100 % survival. Macroproliferation was carried out in hardened plants after 4 months registered threefold number of plants in polythene bags. The field transferred plants were reported with 100 % survival with prolific new shoot formation and growth.

The present study was aimed to assess the impacts of the changing housing patterns on the populations of House Sparrow in the rural areas of the hills of the Pithoragarh region in Uttarakhand. The sampling sites were chosen in such a manner to include the traditional stone masonry, mixed (partially concrete), and modern concrete houses. We recorded the density of House Sparrow (using point count method), density of nest, and sex ratios in the different categories of houses at different time durations of the day. In this study (i) the traditional stone masonry houses recorded the highest density of House Sparrow and nests, (ii) changing housing patterns did not affect the sex ratio in House Sparrow and, (iii) the changing housing patterns in the rural areas of the hills of Uttarakhand appeared to be one of the causes of population decline in House Sparrow. The conservation measures we have outlined here include a comprehensive public awareness and education programmes, installation of artificial nest boxes in the houses and gardens, and protection of House Sparrow under the rules of Wildlife (Protection) Act (1972), Government of India.

Objective Sympathetic blocks are invaluable to prevent morbidity from Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). RP may occur in children with rheumatological disorders and causes severe pain, discoloration of digits, gangrene, and auto-amputation. We describe the planning and execution of sympathectomy blocks in children with rheumatological disorders presenting with RP. Methods With upper-limb involvement, ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block (USGB) was given with ropivacaine and clonidine. When all four limbs were involved, intrathecal block with bupivacaine and clonidine was also given. Results A total of 68 sympathectomy blocks were performed: 28 bilateral USGBs, two unilateral USGBs, and 10 intrathecal injections. Multiple interventions in a single day were frequently required. For safety, all USGBs were performed with an ultrasound with strict adherence to local anaesthetic volume was maintained, with periprocedure monitoring of 2–3 hours. All blocks were performed by an experienced specialist. All children reported immediate pain relief with prevention of major amputation. Conclusion With meticulous planning, monitoring, and precautions, sympathectomy of limbs in pediatric rheumatological disorders with RP can be safely undertaken. Bilateral stellate ganglion block with ultrasound is safe in children, and clonidine is a useful adjunct for vasodilation and prolongation of the effect of sympathectomies in children.

Abstract: Organic azides are in the interphase between chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. Their uses in peptide chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and the synthesis of heterocycles are extensively explored. In this review, the focus is placed on the azido-reductive cyclization of azides and detailed its significant insights. The wide-ranging literature for synthesizing various heterocycles, employing chemoselective and straightforward protocols for azido-reduction with concomitant intramolecular cyclization, has been elaborated. In due course, the azido-reductive cyclization strategy witnessed the synthesis of essential heterocycles such as benzodiazepines, quinazolinones, piperidine, pyrrole and their derivatives. In addition, the review includes applications of azido-reductive cyclization strategies towards the synthesis of various iminosugars, drugs/APIs, and natural products embedding such heterocycles.

Worldwide, the number of mobile phone users has increased from 5.57 billion in 2011 to 6.8 billion in 2019. However, short- and long-term impact of the electromagnetic radiation emitting from mobile phones on tissue homeostasis with particular to brain proteome composition needs further investigation. In this study, we attempted a global proteome profiling study of rat hippocampus exposed to mobile phone radiation for 20 weeks (for 3 h/day for 5 days/week) to identify deregulated proteins and western blot analysis for validation. As a result, we identified 358 hippocampus proteins, of which 16 showed deregulation (log