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PurposeNowadays, networks are the basic core of social organization and interaction; consequently, networking has become an indispensable requirement in today's societies. In education, the development of different types of collaborative networks has been observed, leading, in recent years, to the creation of educational macro-networks that generate links between schools and different types of institutions. Therefore, this study consists of a systematic review to examine the most relevant findings on this type of educational macro-networks. The authors’ objectives were: to examine the main characteristics of this type of networks; to analyze the consequences they cause; and to determine which aspects contribute to or hinder their construction and development.Design/methodology/approachA bibliographic search was carried out in Web of Science, SCOPUS and Education Resources Information Center, which yielded a total of 29 studies that were analyzed thematically using Nvivo software.FindingsAmong the most noteworthy results are: the wide variety of existing structures; the benefits they generate in terms of learning outcomes, educational equity and the reduction of inequalities; and the influence exerted by the type of leadership and policies in the development of this macro-networks. Finally, future lines of research and policy implications for practice are highlighted.Originality/valueIn this society, networks have become the basic core of an organization and the new form of social interaction. As a result, networks have begun to play a fundamental role in today's societies, even permeating various spheres such as education. In this context, it is essential to analyse this type of relationship in the field of education in order to truly understand its implications in this sector as well as its development and structure.

Mula-Falcón, J., & De la Hoz-Ruiz, J.. (2023).¿Cómo hacer una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura? Una aproximación Práctica. Seminário PermanenteInstituto de Educação da Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal. 30/05/2023.&nbsp

Recent decades have seen a major transformation of the Spanish university system caused by changes introduced in the teaching staff evaluation procedure in which research has been prioritized. As a result, there has been a growing interest in studying how these procedures impact the way in which early career academics construct their professional identity. In this vein, this article aims to analyze how the professional identity of this group is constructed and developed in the current context of higher education. To this end, a single case study was conducted, applying a biographical-narrative approach. The results show how professional identity development has become polarized in terms of initial rejection to full acceptance of the demands of modern academia. Consequently, professional practices have also been affected by the prioritization of research over teaching, leading to the development of unethical practices to maintain competitiveness. All of these effects have contributed to high levels of stress and job dissatisfaction. Furthermore, maternity is also seen as an obstacle to female academics’ professional and academic development. Finally, our findings highlight the need for policies that provide full support aimed at helping young researchers live balanced professional lives.

Cyberbullying is a new and growing bullying practice that generates more harmful consequences than even traditional bullying. In this situation, the role of education plays a decisive role in the fight against this type of practice. In fact, in recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of educational interventions on cyberbullying. However, the scientific literature shows hardly any conclusive results on the effectiveness of these interventions. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis is to analyse the effects that prevention programmes on cyberbullying have on the levels of perpetration among school students. To this end, a search strategy was carried out according to the PICOS framework and PRISMA criteria in five different databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Educational Research Information Centre (ERIC), PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and Google Scholar. After searching and applying inclusion/exclusion filters, 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis, covering a total of 17 different interventions conducted between 2015 and 2019. These studies described the application of different intervention programmes to students aged between 10 and 17 years. The findings of this meta-analysis showed that educational prevention programmes could decrease levels of bullying perpetration (SMD = 0.08; 95% CI [0.05, 0.11]; p < 0.00001). Implications for strengthening and expanding cyberbullying prevention programmes in the educational context are discussed. In addition, future research is invited to go beyond the educational setting and consider other variables and factors that extend outside the educational environment and that are equally relevant, as well as to focus new lines of research on the important role of the cyberassistant student as an essential part of this type of situation., El ciberacoso es una nueva y creciente práctica que genera consecuencias más dañinas que incluso el acoso tradicional. En esta situación, el papel de la educación juega un papel decisivo en la lucha contra este tipo de situaciones. De hecho, en los últimos años se ha producido un aumento significativo del número de intervenciones educativas sobre el ciberacoso. Sin embargo, la literatura científica apenas muestra resultados concluyentes sobre la eficacia de estas intervenciones. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este meta-análisis es analizar los efectos que los programas de prevención del ciberacoso tienen sobre los niveles de perpetración entre los estudiantes escolares. Para ello, se realizó una estrategia de búsqueda según el marco PICOS y los criterios PRISMA en cinco bases de datos diferentes: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Educational Research Information Centre (ERIC), PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink y Google Scholar. Tras la búsqueda y la aplicación de los filtros de inclusión/exclusión, se incluyeron 9 estudios en el metaanálisis, que abarcaban un total de 17 intervenciones diferentes realizadas entre 2015 y 2019. Estos estudios describían la aplicación de diferentes programas de intervención a estudiantes de entre 10 y 17 años. Los hallazgos de este meta-análisis mostraron que los programas de prevención educativa podrían disminuir los niveles de perpetración de bullying (DME = 0,08; IC del 95% [0,05, 0,11]; p < 0,00001). Se discuten las implicaciones para reforzar y ampliar los programas de prevención del ciberacoso en el contexto educativo. Además, se invita a futuras investigaciones a ir más allá del ámbito educativo y considerar otras variables y factores que se extienden fuera del entorno educativo y que son igualmente relecantes, así como enfocar nuevas líneas de investigación al importante papel del alumnado ciberayudante como parte esencial en este tipo de situaciones.

Purpose The study aims to analyse international studies on the impact that new forms of control and performativity in higher education have on academics’ identity. The aim was threefold, namely, to provide an overview of the main published findings; to establish biases and future lines of research and to offer a starting point to stimulate a debate on the future of universities. Design/methodology/approach The present study consists of a systematic review aimed at providing an overview of the main professional identities (PIs) described in the literature in the past 10 years. A bibliographic search was conducted on the Web of Science, SCOPUS and Education Resources Information Centre, which yielded a total of 26 articles that were subsequently subjected to thematic analysis. Findings The study provides an overview of the types of identities developed by academics as a result of the new forms of control. Among the main findings, this study reveals a clear predominance of PIs characterised by submission to the new neoliberal demands. The professional, social and health consequences associated with these identities are also highlighted. Finally, a proposal is made for future research to better understand how these new PIs are constructed and developed. Research limitations/implications Because of the chosen filters or databases, the study could have omitted possible articles relevant to this review. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to replicate such a study by expanding, for example, the languages used. Originality/value This study helps us to obtain a detailed description of the different identities generated as a consequence of the new governance of higher education. Furthermore, possible implications for mitigating this situation are mentioned.

In recent decades, Higher Education has undergone a gradual but progressive transformation worldwide. Globalisation has promoted convergence mechanisms between states to achieve common standards in Higher Education; among them, those who seek to guarantee the quality of university teaching. The aim of this research is to analyse the most recent studies carried out on the impact that new teaching evaluation systems have on academics. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature has been developed in which three different databases have been used (Wos, Scopus and ERIC). After searching and applying the inclusion / exclusion criteria, a total of 15 documents were selected. The articles were subjected to a thematic analysis and also of their characteristics. Among the most outstanding results, the development of fragmented academic identities that have an impact on the work and the wellbeing of the academics is detected. Also, the presence of contradictory opinions on teaching evaluation. Likewise, possible alternatives on teaching evaluation systems are mentioned. To conclude, a series of future lines of research are outlined, such as the consideration of more varied samples that allow more detailed comparisons between various variables, the development of longitudinal studies, and the promotion of alternatives to the current systems of evaluation.

This article consists of a didactic material of teaching innovation that aims to provide guidelines to future teachers on how to develop learning communities in their schools. Therefore, this study aims to respond to the new social and educational changes by means of a project supported by scientific bases and favorable results after its implementation in different scenarios. This is the Learning Communities, a set of actions that aim to alleviate situations of social exclusion and to promote integral, cooperative and true learning. Keywords: Learning Communities, Successful Educational Actions, Dialogic Learning, Information Society. Title: Learning communities. A commitment to another way of conceiving school organization Author: Javier de la Hoz Ruiz, Cristina Cruz González, Javier Mula Falcón, Carmen Lucena Rodriguez International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online) Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022 Page No: 33-39 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 16-July-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6845055 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/learning-communities-a-commitment-to-another-way-of-conceiving-school-organization, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.com, {"references":["[1]\tMora, J. (2004). La necesidad del cambio educativo para la sociedad del conocimiento. Revista Iberoamericana de educación, 12(1), 23-35","[2]\tRacionero, S., & Serradell, O. (2005). Antecedentes de las comunidades de aprendizaje. Educar, 35, 29-39.","[3]\tFlecha, R., & Puigvert, L. (2005). Formación del profesorado en las comunidades de aprendizaje. Revista Colombiana de Educación, (48), 1-24","[4]\tFolgueiras Bertomeu, P. (2011). Las comunidades de aprendizaje. La escuela de adultos de la Verneda. Una experiencia de comunidades de aprendizaje.","[5]\tFlecha, R. & Larena, C. (2008). Comunidades de aprendizaje: un espacio para la interacción entre la universidad y la escuela. Revista de teoría y didáctica de las ciencias sociales, (13), 9-28.","[6]\tCifuentes, P. Á., Yeste, C. G., & Casadó, R. G. (2021). Comunidades de aprendizaje. Padres y Maestros/Journal of Parents and Teachers, (386), 40-44.","[7]\tResolución de 13 de junio de 2012, del Instituto Andaluz de la Juventud, por la que se ratifica el nombramiento del Presidente del Consejo de la Juventud de Andalucía y de los miembros de su Comisión Permanente","[8]\tElboj, C., Valls, R., & Fort, M. (2000). Comunidades de aprendizaje. Una práctica educativa para la sociedad de la información. Cultura y educación, 12(1-2), 129-141.","[9]\tPadrós, M., Puigdellívol, I., & FLECHA, R. (2003). Comunidades de Aprendizaje: transformar la organización escolar al servicio de la comunidad. Organización y gestión educativa, 5(4).","[10]\tVahedi, M. y Nikdel, H. (2011). Emotional Intelligence, parental involvement and academic achievement. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 331-335","[11]\tColl, J. (1999). Comunidades de aprendizaje. Transformar la educación. Barcelona, Graó.","[12]\tFlecha, A., García, R. Gómez, A. & Latorre, A. (2009). Participación en escuelas de éxito: una investigación comunicativa del proyecto Included, Cultura y Educación: Culture and Education, 21(2), 183-196.","[13]\tAubert, A. Flecha, A. García, C. Flecha, R. Racionero, S. (2008). Aprendizaje dialógico en la sociedad de la información. Barcelona: Hipatia Editorial.","[14]\tEcheita, G. (2006). El proceso de inclusión educativa en España.¡ Quien bien te quiere te hará llorar!. Participación Educativa: Revista del Consejo Escolar del Estado.","[15]\tElboj, C., Valls, R., & Fort, M. (2000). Comunidades de aprendizaje. Una práctica educativa para la sociedad de la información. Cultura y educación, 12(1-2), 129-141."]}

Bullying is a form of peer violence in which one or more students constantly and repeatedly harass and assault one or more classmates, who are unable to defend themselves effectively and are generally in a disadvantaged or inferior position. Bullying stems from strong frustration coupled with poor restraint and repression of aggressive responses learned during the early socialization process. However, frustration may not lead to violence, but rather to problem avoidance, indifference and depression.The purpose of this study is to examine educational intervention programs to prevent bullying situations. This aspect is a fundamental element in managing and designing programs or educational actions within the framework of a school tutorial action plan. To this end, this work will be considered from a approach of paradigmatic and methodological complementarily, although prioritizing actions of psychology individual level to continue working with socio-cultural approaches at the group level. Keywords: school bullying, socio-educational intervention, educational support, educational actions. Title: Bullying: educational keys to diagnostic and intervention procedures Author: Cristina Cruz-González, Javier Mula Falcón, Carmen Lucena Rodríguez International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online) Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022 Page No: 51-60 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 08-June-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623558 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/bullying-educational-keys-to-diagnostic-and-intervention-procedures, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.com, {"references":["[1]\tBausela, Esperanza. \"Estrategias Para Prevenir El Bullying En Las Aulas.\" Psychosocial Intervention, 17 (3): 369-370.","[2]\tCapella, Mónica. 2009. \"Identificación, reacción y prevención del acoso escolar.\" Hekademus: Revista Científica De La Fundación Iberoamericana Para La Excelencia Educativa, 4: 38-47.","[3]\tCarozo, Julio Cásar. \"Los espectadores y el código del silencio.\" Revista Espiga, 14 (29): 1-8.","[4]\tCasanova, María Antonia.1991. La Sociometría En El Aula. Madrid: La Muralla.","[5]\tCastillo-Pulido, Luis Evelio. 2011. \"El acoso escolar. De las causas, origen y manifestaciones a la pregunta por el sentido que le otorgan los actores\" Magis. Revista Internacional De Investigación En Educación, 4 (8): 415-428.","[6]\tCava, Jesús María. 2011. \"Familia, profesorado e iguales: claves para el apoyo a las víctimas de acoso escolar.\" Psychosocial Intervention, 20 (2): 183-192.","[7]\tCerezo, Fuensanta. 2009. \"Bullying: análisis de la situación en las aulas españolas.\" International Journal Of Psychology And Psychological Therapy, 9 (3): 383-394.","[8]\tGaraigordobil, Maite y Oñederra José A. 2010. \"Inteligencia emocional en las víctimas de acoso escolar y en los agresores.\" European Journal Of Education And Psychology, 3 (2): 243-256.0","[9]\tGaraigordobil, Maite. 2015. \"Ciberbullying en adolescentes y jóvenes del país vasco: cambios con la edad.\" Anales De Psicología/Annals Of Psychology 31 (3): 1069-1076.","[10]\tGarcía Montañez, Maritza Verónica y Ascensio Martínez, Christian Amaury. 2015. \"Bullying y violencia escolar: diferencias, similitudes, actores, consecuencias y origen\". Revista Intercontinental De Psicología y Educación, 17(2): 9-38","[11]\tGismero, Elena. EHS, Escala De Habilidades Sociales. Madrid: Tea..","[12]\tGuzmán, Bertha. 2015 \"Intervención cognitivo-conductual con el niño agresor en un caso de acoso escolar.\" Revista De Psicología Clínica Con Niños Y Adolescentes, 2(1): 25-31.","[13]\tI Caralt, Jordi y Escudé, Carme Miquel. 2006. \"El acoso escolar: Un enfoque psicopatológico.\" Anuario De Psicología Clínica Y De La Salud. Annuary Of Clinical An Health Psychology, 2: 9-14.","[14]\tInspección Educativa, Subdirección General. 2007. \"Orientaciones Para La Prevención, Detección Y Corrección De Las Situaciones De Acoso Escolar En Los Centros Docentes No Universitarios De La Comunidad De Madrid.\"","[15]\tJalón, María José y Díaz-Aguado. \"Sexismo, violencia de género y acoso escolar. Propuestas para una prevención integral de la violencia.\" Revista De Estudios De Juventud, 73: 38-57."]}

In recent decades, Higher Education has witnessed a series of challenges, with a series of reforms aimed at improving its quality. In addition to a number of obvious structural changes, these reforms have included the promotion of new forms of governance characterised by their capacity to generate processes of self-monitoring and changes in academic identities. Evaluation systems have been linked to a policy of incentives and professional careers. This article, as part of the theme we are working on in two research projects, reviews the impact that these new forms of governance have on university teaching staff, paying special attention to the construction of their identity and the development of their functions (teaching and research). Secondly, the impact on university teaching staff, far from the principles that inspired the Bologna Declaration, will be analysed. Finally, the consequences both on university teaching staff and on the university's own missions will be discussed.

Covid-19 generated an important impact on the mental health of university students. In this context, a double need arises: to analyse the effects of this impact and to work on emotional education with this educational sector. This study is part of a broader educational innovation project focused on working on the emotional education of university students. In this case, our purpose was to analyse the experiences of university students (N=6) during the pandemic through Digital Storytellings. The results showed revealing aspects regarding the influence that the pandemic had on students: the shortcomings of virtuality in teaching, the development of coping strategies, the lessons learned from the pandemic, etc. Finally, it was set out a number of implications for higher education, like the promotion of emotional education plans, the optimisation of online educational resources, and increased teacher training in digital issues and emotional support. La Covid-19 generó un importante impacto en la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios. En este contexto, surge una doble necesidad: analizar los efectos de este impacto y trabajar la educación emocional con este sector educativo. Este estudio forma parte de un proyecto más amplio de innovación educativa centrado en trabajar la educación emocional de los estudiantes universitarios. En este caso, el principal objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las experiencias de los estudiantes universitarios (N=6) durante la pandemia a través de Digital Storytellings. Los resultados muestran aspectos reveladores sobre la influencia que tuvo la pandemia en los estudiantes: las carencias de la virtualidad en la enseñanza, el desarrollo de estrategias de afrontamiento, las lecciones aprendidas de la pandemia, etc. Por último, se exponen una serie de implicaciones para la educación superior, como la promoción de planes de educación emocional, la optimización de los recursos educativos en línea y el aumento de la formación del profesorado en temas digitales y de apoyo emocional.

Purpose The study aims to analyse international studies on the impact that new forms of control and performativity in higher education have on academics’ identity. The aim was threefold, namely, to provide an overview of the main published findings; to establish biases and future lines of research and to offer a starting point to stimulate a debate on the future of universities. Design/methodology/approach The present study consists of a systematic review aimed at providing an overview of the main professional identities (PIs) described in the literature in the past 10 years. A bibliographic search was conducted on the Web of Science, SCOPUS and Education Resources Information Centre, which yielded a total of 26 articles that were subsequently subjected to thematic analysis. Findings The study provides an overview of the types of identities developed by academics as a result of the new forms of control. Among the main findings, this study reveals a clear predominance of PIs characterised by submission to the new neoliberal demands. The professional, social and health consequences associated with these identities are also highlighted. Finally, a proposal is made for future research to better understand how these new PIs are constructed and developed. Research limitations/implications Because of the chosen filters or databases, the study could have omitted possible articles relevant to this review. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to replicate such a study by expanding, for example, the languages used. Originality/value This study helps us to obtain a detailed description of the different identities generated as a consequence of the new governance of higher education. Furthermore, possible implications for mitigating this situation are mentioned.

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted profound changes in Higher Education. Thus, policymakers in different national contexts worldwide needed to design alternative responses to deal with new educational scenarios. In Spain, rethinking educational management in Higher Education remains an issue of current debate. Methodological readjustments towards virtual teaching, the digital divide due to socio-economic and cultural issues of the students, unequal access to education, or a decrease in internationalization have been some of the most significant adversities faced during this time. Amid this crisis, the measures taken by political leaders and university managers played an essential role. This study aims to provide an overview of the policy measures developed during this period, describing some of the most important decisions taken by different universities in Spain. To this end, an exploration based on secondary data from extensive literature reviews is carried out to construct a descriptive analysis of the measures implemented in Spanish universities. The findings highlight the coordinated action of the Spanish university system and the staunch defense of face-to-face teaching. This health crisis has also highlighted the deficits of this level of education and shed light on its future. Spain faces major challenges in the field of higher education. Consequently, the Spanish university system must begin building the foundations for educational innovation and training education professionals without fear of online scenarios. Finally, this article also proposes suggestions to guide policymakers in dealing with future adverse situations.

The increase in racist behavior requires a study that can identify ways to help develop the degree of intercultural sensitivity from an early stage. Therefore, this study seeks to compare the degree of intercultural sensitivity of primary school students in bilingual education (with CLIL methodology) with those in non-bilingual education. The aim is to determine whether bilingual teaching using CLIL methodology contributes to a greater development of the degree of intercultural sensitivity in relation to non-bilingual and traditional teaching. For this purpose, a non-experimental descriptive study was developed for a sample of 252 students. The findings show a moderate degree of intercultural sensitivity among students, without any significant differences in terms of gender. It is observed how, as age increases, the degree of sensitivity decreases, which is a sample of the problems of formal education in relation to intercultural education. On the other hand, there are differences in the degree of sensitivity between bilingual and non-bilingual students. Finally, future lines of research are established.

Este estudio se encuadra dentro del proyecto I+D+i: La influencia del neoliberalismo en las identidades académicas y en el nivel de satisfacción profesional (NEOACADEMIC), financiado por la AEI del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación en la convocatoria de 2019 (PID2019-105631GA-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033). También se realiza dentro del programa de Becas de Formación de Profesorado Universitario del Ministerio de Universidades (FPU19/00942)., En las últimas décadas, la Educación Superior se ha visto sometida a una paulatina, pero progresiva transformación a nivel mundial. La globalización ha impulsado mecanismos de convergencia entre estados para alcanzar estándares comunes en la Educación Superior; entre ellos, aquellos que buscan garantizar la calidad de la docencia universitaria. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar los estudios más recientes realizados sobre el impacto que los nuevos sistemas de evaluación docente generan en el profesorado universitario. Para tal fin, se ha desarrollado una revisión sistemática de la literatura en la que se han empleado tres bases de datos diferentes (Wos, Scopus y ERIC). Tras la búsqueda y aplicación de los criterios de inclusión/ exclusión se seleccionaron un total de 15 documentos que fueron sometidos tanto a un análisis temático como de sus características. Entre los resultados más destacados, se observa el desarrollo de identidades académicas fragmentadas que impactan en las labores y en el bienestar del profesorado. También, la presencia de opiniones contradictorias sobre la evaluación docente. Asimismo, se mencionan posibles alternativas sobre los sistemas de evaluación docente. Para concluir, se subrayan una serie de futuras líneas de investigación como la consideración de muestras más variadas que permitan comparaciones más detalladas entre diversas variables, el desarrollo de estudios de corte longitudinal, y el fomento de alternativas que busquen la mejora de los actuales sistemas de evaluación., In recent decades, Higher Education has undergone a gradual but progressive transformation worldwide. Globalisation has promoted convergence mechanisms between states to achieve common standards in Higher Education; among them, those who seek to guarantee the quality of university teaching. The aim of this research is to analyse the most recent studies carried out on the impact that new teaching evaluation systems have on academics. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature has been developed in which three different databases have been used (Wos, Scopus and ERIC). After searching and applying the inclusion / exclusion criteria, a total of 15 documents were selected. The articles were subjected to a thematic analysis and also of their characteristics. Among the most outstanding results, the development of fragmented academic identities that have an impact on the work and the wellbeing of the academics is detected. Also, the presence of contradictory opinions on teaching evaluation. Likewise, possible alternatives on teaching evaluation systems are mentioned. To conclude, a series of future lines of research are outlined, such as the consideration of more varied samples that allow more detailed comparisons between various variables, the development of longitudinal studies, and the promotion of alternatives to the current systems of evaluation., AEI del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación en la convocatoria de 2019 (PID2019-105631GA-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033), Ministerio de Universidades (FPU19/00942)

The global pandemic of the COVID-19 has caused numerous challenges and obstacles in the museum sector. Due to social and mobility restrictions, museums have had to adapt their services to virtual scenarios in record time. In this article we explore the different initiatives developed in various geographical locations around the world and investigate the various barriers and limitations that museums have experienced in dealing with this pandemic. In addition, we explore the different lines of current research that address this issue and analyze the educational and professional implications that can be drawn from this health and social crisis. Some of our main findings reveal the importance of digital education and training of the museum's professional staff. They also highlight the big role played by social networks as a resource to bring the museum closer to the audience in times of coronavirus. Finally, we argue for a greater political effort to guarantee the digitization of museums that do not have sufficient resources in times when access to culture is mainly online.

Gamification is an active methodology that involves using game elements in a non-game situation. Gamification has shown to increase motivation and learning in different types of academic students; however, the educational literature shows inconclusive findings. The aim of this meta-analysis is to analyse the effects of gamification on motivation and academic performance in an educational context. Sixteen interventions carried out between January 2010 and the end of January 2022 were retrieved from the databases and included in this meta-analysis. One study was carried out in Primary school, three in Secondary school, and twelve in universities. Four papers analysed the effects on motivation, five on academic performance and seven on both. Results showed that gamification could increase the motivation (SMD = 0.51; 95% CI [0.29, 0.73]; I2 59%; p < 0.00001) and academic performance (SMD = 0.89; 95% CI [0.45, 1.32]; I2 90%; p < 0.0001) in all the educational stages. The implications of including gamification programmes in the educational context are discussed.