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Football is popular sports worldwide and required high level of physical fitness and physiological demand. Training may improve the physical fitness and physiological variables when given according to the principle of periodization. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of training on anthropometric, physical fitness and physiological variables of football players. Ninety five male football players (age 14-16 yrs.) were included, and twenty five were excluded, the remaining seventy were divided into control group (CG, n = 35) and experimental group (EG, n = 35). The volunteers of EG followed a training (2 hrs/d, 5 d/wk., for 6 wks.), no training was followed for CG. Assessments of anthropometric, physical fitness and physiological variables were performed at 0 week and after 6 weeks. Paired sample t-test was performed to find out the differences in selected variables. An increase (p < .05) in grip and back strength, flexibility, anaerobic power, VO2max, FEV1, FVC and PEFR; and reduction (p < .05) in body mass, BMI, percent body fat, fat mass, reaction time of hands, resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure were noted among the volunteers of experimental group after 6 weeks of training. Training may improve the anthropometric, physical fitness and physiological variables of the football players, and thus improve performance.

Background: Female football becomes popular in last decades. The body fat, strength, power, endurance etc are playing an important role in female football. The present study has been designed to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of training on body composition, physical fitness and physiological variables of female football players. Materials and Methods: A total of eighty two female football players (age 16-18 yrs.) participated were included and twenty two were excluded from the study, the remaining were divided into control group (CG, n = 30) and experimental group (EG, n = 30). The volunteers of the experimental group followed a training programme (2 hrs/day, 5day/week, for 6 weeks), whereas no training was given volunteers of the control group. Selected body composition, physical fitness and physiological variables were performed at the beginning (0 week) and at the end of the study (6 weeks). Results: A significant reduction (p < .05) in body mass, body fat, resting heart rate, recovery heart rate, and systolic blood pressure; and an increase (p < .05) in strength, anaerobic power, VO2max, FEV1, FVC and PEFR was noted after 6 weeks of training. Body fat showed negative correlation with back strength (r = - 0.26, p < .05), grip strength (r = -0.46, p < .01), anaerobic capacity (r = -0.30, p < .05) and flexibility (r = -0.32, p < .05) of the volunteers. LBM showed positive correlation with grip strength right (r = 0.59, p < .05), grip strength left (r = 0.53, p < .05), back strength (r = 0.73, p < .05), flexibility (r = 0.41, p < .05). The anaerobic power showed a significant positive correlation with VO2max (r = 0.51, p < .01). Conclusions: Regular monitoring of the indicators is essential to obtain optimal performance of the players.

Understanding the nature of the transition from the delocalized to the many-body localized (MBL) phase is an important unresolved issue. To probe the nature of the MBL transition, we investigate the universal properties of single-particle excitations produced in highly excited many-body eigenstates of a disordered interacting quantum many-body system. In a class of one-dimensional spinless fermionic models, we study the finite size scaling of the ratio of typical to average values of the single-particle local density of states and the scattering rates across the MBL transition. Our results indicate that the MBL transition in this class of one-dimensional models of spinless fermions is continuous in nature. The critical exponent $\nu$ with which the correlation length $\xi$ diverges at the transition point $W_c$, $\xi \sim |W-W_c|^{-\nu}$, satisfies the Chayes-Chayes-Fisher-Spencer(CCFS) bound $\nu \ge 2/d$ where $d$ is the physical dimension of the system. The transition point $W_c$ and the critical exponent $\nu$ do not change significantly with the range of interactions between fermions as long as the hopping is short range., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figs , supplementary material

The surprising recent observation of highly emissive triplet-states in lead halide perovskites accounts for their orders-of-magnitude brighter optical signals and high quantum efficiencies compared to other semiconductors. This makes them attractive for future optoelectronic applications, especially in bright low-threshold nano-lasers. Whilst non-resonantly pumped lasing from all-inorganic lead-halide perovskites is now well-established as an attractive pathway to scalable low-power laser sources for nano-optoelectronics, here we showcase a resonant optical pumping scheme on a fast triplet-state in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The scheme allows us to realize a polarized triplet-laser source that dramatically enhances the coherent signal by one order of magnitude whilst suppressing non-coherent contributions. The result is a source with highly attractive technological characteristics including a bright and polarized signal, and a high stimulated-to-spontaneous emission signal contrast that can be filtered to enhance spectral purity. The emission is generated by pumping selectively on a weakly-confined excitonic state with a Bohr radius ~10 nm in the nanocrystals. The exciton fine-structure is revealed by the energy-splitting resulting from confinement in nanocrystals with tetragonal symmetry. We use a linear polarizer to resolve two-fold non-degenerate sub-levels in the triplet exciton and use photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy to determine the energy of the state before pumping it resonantly., 19 pages, 9 figures

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) has been extensively explored as a π-electron donor in supramolecular systems. Over the last two decades substantial advances have been made in terms of constructing elaborate architectures based on TTF and in exploiting the resulting systems in the context of supramolecular host-guest recognition. The inherent electron-donating character of TTF derivatives has led to their use in the construction of highly efficient optoelectronic materials, optical sensors, and electron-transfer ensembles. TTFs are also promising candidates for the development of the so-called “functional materials” that might see use in a range of modern technological applications. Novel synthetic strategies, coupled with the versatility inherent within the TTF moiety, are now allowing the architecture of TTF-based systems to be tuned precisely and modified for use in specific purposes. In this critical review, we provide a “state-of-the-art” overview of research involving TTF-based macrocyclic systems with a focus on their use in supramolecular host-guest recognition, as components in non-covalent electron transfer systems, and in the construction of “molecular machines”.

Herbs have multifarious role such as food flavourings preservative and as medicinal ingredient Various herbs are documented for their therapeutic properties viz antioxidative antihypertensive anti inflammatory antidiabetic antimicrobial etc Some of the important herbs dealt in this review include Ashwagandha Arjuna Turmeric Sage Cinnamon Cumin Garlic Fenugreek Peppermint Basil and Aloe vera The examples of some spice and herbs containing antioxidants include basil cinnamon clove dill ginger mint oregano rosemary saffron sage thyme etc while herbs showing hypotensive properties includegarlic celery tea ajwain ginger lavender basil radish rauwolfia sesame etc Terminalia arjuna nbsp based sitosterol is considered as one of the best heart tonic for healthy cardiovascular system Few herbs can help in extending the shelf life of dairy products especially fermented dairy products especially through their suppressing effect on fungi and bacteria Hence judicious use of herb application in dairy products may result in raising their nutritional and medicinal values and enable development of value added dairy products Fortification of herbs in dairy products could help in providing value added functional dairy foods at the same time boost the sale of important herbs

Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) is one of the commonest congenital anomaly of the gastro-intestinal tract involving the small bowel. A pre-operative diagnosis of a MD is often difficult to make. 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy is helpful in diagnosing the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa. We had a 2 year old boy presented with blood stained stool for 3 months. While abdominal ultrasound and upper gastroiintestinal endoscopy could not make the diagnosis. 99mTc-Pertechnetate scan showed abnormally increased tracer uptake in the umbilical region. He then underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and open resection of the MD and end to end anastomosis. The resected specimen subsequently found to contain gastric mucosa on histopathological examination. Here in, we discused the case in view of the literature., Meckel divertikülü ince barsakları tutan ve gastrointestinal sistemde en fazla karşılaşılan anomalidir. Ameliyat öncesinde hastalığın tanısı oldukça zor olup, Tc99m Pertechnetate sintigrafisi ile mide mukozasının ektopik yerleşiminin gösterilmesi tanıya yardımcı olabilir. Burada, üç aydır kanla karışık gayta yapan Meckel divertiküllü iki yaşındaki bir çocuk hasta sunulmuştur. Yapılan gastrointestinal sistem endoskopileri ve ultrasonografi ile tanı konulamayan hastada, Tc99m Pertechnetate sintigrafisi ile göbek bölgesinde aktivite tutulumu saptandı. Yapılan diagnostik laparoskopi ile Meckel divertikülü saptandı ve rezeksiyon ile uç uca anastomoz yapıldı. Spesmenin incelenmesi sonucunda mide mukozası saptandı. Burada vaka literatür verileri ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Gut anastomosis is one of the frequently performed surgeries in both emergency and elective setup. As a conventional practice following gut anastomosis, patients are kept “nil by mouth” till bowel sounds return. Recently great emphasis has been paid on early enteral feeding within 6 to 24 hrs after operation. The aim of our study was to see whether early enteral feeding within 24 hrs of small gut anastomosis is tolerable and beneficial to the patient. Feasibility, safety and efficacy of early enteral feeding after small gut anastomosis were assessed in terms of morbidities like incidence of vomiting, rate of anastomotic leak, infective complication and length of postoperative hospital stays in days. Among our 51 patients 15 (29.41%) were operated in emergency and 36(70.59%) by elective means. All the 51 patients were given early enteral feeding with clear water 18 hours after gut anastomosis. Out of 51 patients only 5 (9.80%) developed postoperative nausea and vomiting. The mean time of appearance of IPS was 1.19 days (SD 0.49). Mean time of passage of flatus is 1.84 days (SD 0.53). Three patients (5.88%) out of 51 developed clinical evidence of anastomotic leakage. The mean duration of hospital stay was 8.84 days (SD2.9). Two (3.92%) out of 51 patients of gut anastomosis die. In conclusion, the conventional wisdom of withholding enteral feeds for prolonged periods to coincide with the appearance of peristaltic sounds might not stand the test of time and early feeding is beneficial to the patients., Barsak anastomozu acil ve elektif cerrahide sık yapılan işlemlerden birisidir. Genel cerrahi pratiğinde, ameliyat sonrasında hastalara barsak sesleri duyuluncaya kadar ağızdan gıda verilmez. Son zamanlarda ameliyat sonrasındaki 6-24 saat içerisinde yapılacak erken enteral beslenmenin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada barsak anastomozlu hastalarda ameliyat sonrası 6-24 saatlik dönemde yapılan erken enteral beslenmenin sonuçları gözlemlenmiştir. Barsak anastomozu sonrasında yapılan erken dönem enteral beslenmenin uygulanabilirliği, güvenilirliği ve etkinliği bakımından değerlendirilmek amacıyla ameliyat sonrasında görülen bulantı-kusma, anastomoz açılma oranı, enfeksiyon durumu ve hastanede kalma gibi morbidityi tanımlayan parametrelere bakıldı. 51 hastalık serimizde, 15 (%29.14) vaka acil şartlarda 36 (%70.59) vaka ise elektif şartlarda ameliyat edildi. Hastaların hepsine ameliyattan 18 saat sonra su verildi. Yalnız 5 (%9.8) hastada bulantı-kusma saptandı. Barsak sesleri 1.19 günde (SD 0.49), gaz çıkarma 1.84 günde (SD 0.53) başladı. Üç hastada (%5.88) anastomoz açılması saptandı. Hastanede kalma süresi ortalama 8.84 gündü (SD 2.9). Hastalardan ikisi (%3.92) öldü. Sonuç olarak; geleneksel olarak enteral sıvı verilmeyen hastalarla verilenler arasında komplikasyonlar bakımından anlamlı bir fark olmadığı, erken dönemde yapılacak enteral beslenmenin faydalı olduğu söylenebilir.

Milk is considered to be a wholesome food. Any food product made out of milk will obviously be highly nutritious. However, milk per se has certain limitations like allerginicity, lactose intolerance, cholesterol, saturated fat content, etc. With advancement in technology, several dairy derived ingredients are being produced that when used in conjunction with other food ingredients in food manufacture can yield ‘value-added’ products that have balanced nutrition, and exhibiting superior functionalities as well as ‘wellness’ in food application. This implicates the synergy of dairy with other food ingredients/products; such combination exhibits effects that are probably not obtained when either ingredient is used singly. Typical examples are products derived from a blend of milk and vegetable milk; Mozzarella cheese as pizza topping; milk crumb for milk chocolate; blend of vegetable oil and milk fat for Fat spreads; milk solids in baked goods; blend of milk, barley and wheat flour in Malted milk food and so on. The food products encompassing dairy and non-dairy ingredients include; filled milk and milk products, cheese analogues, gulabjamun mix powders, fruited yoghurts, etc. Literature pertaining to some popular traditional Indian sweetmeats which utilizes other valued food ingredients has also been reviewed. Dairy together with fruit and vegetable ingredients may get transformed into ‘functional foods’ that is gaining grounds in recent years.