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Medical students must have domain of basic surgery skills before starting more advanced stages of surgical learning. The authors present a practical and reproducible system of operative techniques circuit, idealized and often applied to the fourth year medical students of a private educational institution. This method has enabled accurate assessment of students' skills, improving their performance and preparing them for more advanced stages of the surgical learning. Estudantes de Medicina devem ter domínio de habilidades básicas de cirurgia antes de iniciarem etapas mais avançadas no aprendizado cirúrgico. Os autores apresentam sistema prático e reprodutível de circuito de técnicas operatórias, idealizado e frequentemente aplicado aos alunos do quarto ano médico de uma instituição privada de ensino. Este método tem permitido avaliação precisa das habilidades dos estudantes, aprimorando seu desempenho, e preparando-os para etapas mais avançadas do aprendizado cirúrgico.

Os autores apresentam sua abordagem do trabalho de seleção, avaliação clínica e revistas como uma ferramenta auxiliar para o ensino médico em cirurgia. O modelo de painel é descrito e discutido, como uma forma eficaz de melhorar o processo de aprendizagem em uma escola de medicina. The authors present their approach to paper selection, clinical evaluation and reviews as an adjunct tool to medical teaching in surgery. The panel model is described and discussed as an effective way to improve the learning process in a medical school.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade de um treinamento de técnicas cirúrgicas em pata de porco durante a graduação em medicina. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 87 acadêmicos de medicina voluntários, provenientes de diferentes períodos da graduação, que participaram de uma oficina básica para realização de incisões, suturas, biópsias, retalhos, enxertos, sob supervisão direta. Foram utilizados questionários autoaplicáveis pré e pós-treinamento. RESULTADOS: O ensino de suturas, biópsias e correção de orelha mostrou-se efetivo para o aprendizado de habilidades mínimas exigidas para as técnicas propostas (p0,97). CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem metodológica e o monitoramento de reprodução das técnicas mostraram-se adequados. O treinamento oferecido complementou as habilidades cirúrgicas cutâneas dos graduandos de medicina.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of training in surgical techniques in pig feet during medical school. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 87 volunteer medical students from different graduation semesters, who attended a basic workshop for incisions, sutures, biopsies, flaps, grafts, under direct supervision. Pre and post-training self-administered questionnaires were used. RESULTS: The teaching of sutures, biopsies and ear correction was effective for learning of the minimal skills required for the proposed techniques (p 0 97). CONCLUSION: The methodological approach and monitoring of techniques' reproduction were adequate. The training offered complemented cutaneous surgical skills of undergraduate medicine students.

Objective: to know the effect of nicotine on angiogenesis and myofibroblast formation in anastomoses of the small bowel of rats. Methods: we randomly divided 60 Wistar rats into the groups Nicotine (N) and control (C), according to the proposed treatment. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the time interval used for the evaluation (7, 14 or 28 days). The N group with 30 animals received nicotine subcutaneously at a dose of 2mg/kg body weight, diluted in 0.3ml of 0.9% saline, twice daily for 28 days prior to the operation, and for more 7, 14 or 28 days, depending on the subgroup. The C group (also 30 animals) received only saline on the same conditions and time intervals. After 28 days we carried out an end-to-end anastomosis 10cm distal to the duodenojejunal flexure in each rat. After 7, 14 or 28 days after surgery, we euthanized ten animals of each group, sent specimens of the anastomosis areas, 1cm proximal to 1cm distal, to counting of blood vessels and myofibroblasts through immunohistochemical staining by the application of monoclonal anti-factor VIII antibodies and anti-smooth muscle alpha-actin. Results: the administration of nicotine led to the decrease in the number of blood vessels measured on the 28th postoperative day and the number of myofibroblasts measured on the seventh day following completion of the anastomoses. Conclusion: administration of nicotine was deleterious on angiogenesis and myofibroblast formation in rats' small intestine anastomoses. RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer o efeito da nicotina sobre a angiogênese e formação de miofibroblastos em anastomoses do intestino delgado de ratos. Métodos: sessenta ratos Wistar foram divididos de maneira aleatória em grupos Nicotina(N) e Controle (C), conforme o tratamento proposto. Cada grupo foi subdividido em três subgrupos, de acordo com o intervalo de tempo utilizado para a avaliação (7, 14 ou 28 dias). O grupo N, com 30 animais, recebeu nicotina por via subcutânea, na dose de 2mg/Kg de peso, diluída em 0,3ml de solução salina a 0,9%, em duas aplicações diárias, durante 28 dias prévios à operação e por mais 7, 14 ou 28 dias, conforme o subgrupo. O grupo C (igualmente com 30 animais) recebeu somente a solução salina nas mesmas condições e intervalos de tempo. Após 28 dias efetuou-se, em cada rato, anastomose término-terminal a 10cm da flexura duodenojejunal. Após 7, 14 ou 28 dias da cirurgia, os dez animais de cada subgrupo foram eutanasiados, sendo que as áreas anastomosadas, 1cm proximal a 1cm distal, foram encaminhadas para contagem de vasos sanguíneos e miofibroblastos, através de coloração imuno-histoquímica por aplicação dos anticorpos monoclonais antifator VIII e anti-alfa-actina muscular lisa. Resultados: a administração de nicotina levou à diminuição do número de vasos sanguíneos aferidos no 28o dia pós-operatório e do número de miofibroblastos aferidos no sétimo dia após a realização das anastomoses. Conclusão: a administração de nicotina foi deletéria sobre a angiogênese e formação de miofibroblastos em anastomoses do intestino delgado de ratos.

Minimally Invasive Surgery, Telesurgery, Robotics and Virtual Reality represent the technological frontiers that have revolutionized operating practices nowadays. These new technologies aim at improving the quality of assistance offered to patients; thus, they demand from the medical staff more effective measures as far as scientific research, training and expenditure of time and financial resources are concerned. In the past, surgeons have led several medical revolutions, such as the use of antiseptic surgical methods by Semelweiss, the use of anesthesia by Warren, antibiotic therapy, the transplants and the onset of the minimally invasive surgery by Mouret and Perissat. The objective of this article is to present the outreach of this new technology which comprises minimal access, computing, robotics and teletransmission. We have concluded that the new technologies developed in the medical field in the last decades, will offer new options and challenges for the treatment of the surgical patient, leading the scientific knowledge to a new era, the one of the virtual environment.

Hernia repair is one of the most common procedures performed worldwide. Laparoscopic hernia repair is established as a safe and effective technique. Currently, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is not only widely accepted, but in many cases, especially with recurrent hernia or bilateral inguinal hernia, this approach has become a method of choice and for selected patients with primary unilateral inguinal hernias as well.

The cyst described here was completely excised by intraoral approach w, hich was determined by the location of the cysts on higher planes. A broad surgical field was obtained, allowing a blunt dissection and full removal of the cyst, without break of the capsule, reducing the chances of recurrence. On histopathological examination, the presence of gastrointestinal epithelium, along with hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the capsule confirmed the final diagnosis of a teratoid cyst.

INTRODUÇÃO: Lesões diafragmáticas traumáticas ainda permanecem como um grande desafio diagnóstico na sala de emergência. Essas injúrias são entidades incomuns cujos diagnósticos passam despercebidos, resultando em hérnias diafragmáticas crônicas, podendo evoluir para estrangulamento. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente com injúria diafragmática direita tardia associada a hepatotórax diagnosticada três anos após o trauma original. O comprometimento respiratório e dor abdominal em quadrante superior foram os principais sintomas que levaram à investigação diagnóstica. Ele foi manejado através de laparotomia e o defeito fechado mediante reparo primário, sem o uso de telas. Não houve complicações no pós-operatório, com alta após seis dias. CONCLUSÃO: As hérnias diafragmáticas tardias associadas a hepatotórax são raras. Estudos radiográficos e tomografias computadorizadas são os métodos de escolha para o correto diagnóstico. Tanto a toracotomia quanto a laparotomia podem ser realizadas para o reparo cirúrgico.INTRODUCTION: Traumatic diaphragm lesions still remain problematic in diagnosis and handling. CASE REPORT: Patient with diaphragmatic hernia had the diagnosis made three years after car accident. At admission, he was with abdominal pain and respiratory distress. Submitted to image investigation, had the diagnosis done of a diaphragm herniation. Laparotomy revealed liver and adjacent viscera into the thorax and a diaphragm defect of 15 cm. The defect was closed without the use any mash. There was no complications and in an outclinic assistance, one year later, he was asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Diaphragmatic herniations are rare entities. Image examination is indicated and can do correct diagnosis in all cases. Laparotomy or thoracotomy must be use in defect reparation.

INTRODUÇÃO: Lesões diafragmáticas traumáticas ainda permanecem como um grande desafio diagnóstico na sala de emergência. Essas injúrias são entidades incomuns cujos diagnósticos passam despercebidos, resultando em hérnias diafragmáticas crônicas, podendo evoluir para estrangulamento. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente com injúria diafragmática direita tardia associada a hepatotórax diagnosticada três anos após o trauma original. O comprometimento respiratório e dor abdominal em quadrante superior foram os principais sintomas que levaram à investigação diagnóstica. Ele foi manejado através de laparotomia e o defeito fechado mediante reparo primário, sem o uso de telas. Não houve complicações no pós-operatório, com alta após seis dias. CONCLUSÃO: As hérnias diafragmáticas tardias associadas a hepatotórax são raras. Estudos radiográficos e tomografias computadorizadas são os métodos de escolha para o correto diagnóstico. Tanto a toracotomia quanto a laparotomia podem ser realizadas para o reparo cirúrgico. INTRODUCTION: Traumatic diaphragm lesions still remain problematic in diagnosis and handling. CASE REPORT: Patient with diaphragmatic hernia had the diagnosis made three years after car accident. At admission, he was with abdominal pain and respiratory distress. Submitted to image investigation, had the diagnosis done of a diaphragm herniation. Laparotomy revealed liver and adjacent viscera into the thorax and a diaphragm defect of 15 cm. The defect was closed without the use any mash. There was no complications and in an outclinic assistance, one year later, he was asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Diaphragmatic herniations are rare entities. Image examination is indicated and can do correct diagnosis in all cases. Laparotomy or thoracotomy must be use in defect reparation.

OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma nova abordagem cirúrgica para realização de colecistectomia videolaparoscópica. MÉTODO: Em outubro de 2008 realizamos a primeira colecistectomia videocirúrgica por acesso transumbilical único, em humano, com a utilização do equipamento denominado SITRACC® - Single Trocar Access. A operação foi realizada em paciente do sexo feminino e constituiu dos passos clássicos da colecistectomia videolaparoscópica, com a utilização de instrumental flexível especial. RESULTADOS: O tempo operatório foi de 64 minutos, não sendo necessária a introdução de trocárteres adicionais. A evolução pós-operatória ocorreu de maneira satisfatória, sem nenhuma intercorrência. CONCLUSÃO: A colecistectomia por acesso umbilical único, com uso do SITRACC, mostro-se plenamente viável em humanos. Com o avançar tecnológico do instrumental, novas cirurgias poderão ser realizadas por esse método.

Staple line leaks carry significant morbidity and mortality. Reinforcement is controversial. Several staple techniques have been described for this purpose. Oversuture and butressing material are more common.To compare these two ways of reinforcement and staple line without any reinforcement regarding the bursting pressure.Ten segments of small bowel were created in a pig under general anesthesia. The bowel was inflatted until burst point and the pressure was measured.The staple line bursting pressure was 94 mmHg +/- 18,52mmHg in the stapler technique; 87,5 mmHg +/- 18,59mmHg in the oversuture and 83,33 mmHg +/- 23,04mmHg with Surgisis®. There was no statistic difference among the techniques.Oversuture or Surgisis® use did not increase the staple line resistance in pig.

The authors present their approach to paper selection, clinical evaluation and reviews as an adjunct tool to medical teaching in surgery. The panel model is described and discussed as an effective way to improve the learning process in a medical school.

To evaluate the effectiveness of training in surgical techniques in pig feet during medical school.We conducted a cross-sectional study with 87 volunteer medical students from different graduation semesters, who attended a basic workshop for incisions, sutures, biopsies, flaps, grafts, under direct supervision. Pre and post-training self-administered questionnaires were used.The teaching of sutures, biopsies and ear correction was effective for learning of the minimal skills required for the proposed techniques (p0.005), as well as excisions and flaps, except grafting (p0 97).The methodological approach and monitoring of techniques' reproduction were adequate. The training offered complemented cutaneous surgical skills of undergraduate medicine students.

Background: The advent of endoscopic surgery has radically changed surgery worldwide.The concept of minimally invasive procedures has spread quickly, allowing less pain and more rapid recovery for patients. The authors have developed a device for a new surgical approach, the so-called single trocar access (SITRACC). This study report the first multicenter study of cholecystectomies performed with SITRACC. Methods: Between December 2008 and June 2009, 81 single trocar cholecystectomies were performed in 9 Brazilian surgery centers. Results: The average operative time was 68 minutes. In all, 10 surgeries required 1 additional trocar because of technical problems, and 3 cholecystectomies were converted to standard video laparoscopies. Conclusion: A cholecystectomy using the SITRACC method is feasible and safe.

To present a new device for the execution of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.In October 2008 was performed the first human Single Trocar Acess - Sitracc Cholecystectomy, in a female patient. The operation consisted in the classical steps of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, using special flexible instruments and a 5 mm optical device.The operative time was 64 minutes. There were no important complications at the post-operative phase.The cholecistectomy by the Single Trocar Access method is feasible in humans. With the improvement of the instruments and the multichannel trocar, new surgeries could be perform by this method, adding a new weapon in a continuous fight to benefit our patients.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a eficiência e a segurança da realização de herniorrafias inguinais com a utilização da anestesia locorregional com ropivacaina, destacando sua técnica, suas indicações e limitações. MÉTODO: Foram operados 50 pacientes, no período compreendido entre janeiro e dezembro de 2005, sendo submetidos à herniorrafia inguinal mediante anestesia locorregional utilizando-se o anestésico ropivacaina, associada a sedação intra-venosa, no Hospital Universitário Cruz Vermelha Brasileira - UnicenP, na cidade de Curitiba-PR, sendo utilizada técnica sem tensão, com o uso de prótese. Foram avaliadas as variáveis idade, gênero e tipo de hérnia através da classificação de Nyhus. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas quaisquer alterações conseqüentes a reações adversas ao anestésico local, não sendo necessária nenhuma conversão do método anestésico ou mesmo complementação deste. As complicações pós-operatórias foram de pequena monta e de resolução adequada. CONCLUSÃO: A anestesia local por bloqueio de campo, com o uso de ropivacaína e associada a sedação intravenosa, para a realização de herniorrafias inguinais, constitui-se em procedimento plenamente viável, prático, menos oneroso e benéfico ao paciente. BACKGROUND: The goal of this study is to report the efficiency and safety of inguinal herniorraphy using locoregional anesthesia with ropivacaine, describing the technique, its indications and limitations. METHODS: Inguinal herniorraphy was performed in 50 patients, between January and December, 2005, using locoregional anesthesia with ropivacaine, at the Red Cross - UnicenP Universitary Hospital, in Curitiba, Brazil. The herniorraphy tension free technique was used. Age, sex and hernia type, using the Nyhus hernia classification were analysed. RESULTS: It there were no side effects related to the anesthesic drug postoperative complications were mild and had adequate clinical solutions. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that herniorraphy using locoregional anesthesia, with the use of ropivacaine and sedation, is an adequate procedure, with remarkable benefits for the patients. They also suggest that, with the contribution of new future studies, the Brazilian surgical community should consider this technique as a routine in our environment.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade de um treinamento de técnicas cirúrgicas em pata de porco durante a graduação em medicina. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 87 acadêmicos de medicina voluntários, provenientes de diferentes períodos da graduação, que participaram de uma oficina básica para realização de incisões, suturas, biópsias, retalhos, enxertos, sob supervisão direta. Foram utilizados questionários autoaplicáveis pré e pós-treinamento. RESULTADOS: O ensino de suturas, biópsias e correção de orelha mostrou-se efetivo para o aprendizado de habilidades mínimas exigidas para as técnicas propostas (p0,97). CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem metodológica e o monitoramento de reprodução das técnicas mostraram-se adequados. O treinamento oferecido complementou as habilidades cirúrgicas cutâneas dos graduandos de medicina.

Introduction Situs inversus totalis (mirror image organs) is a rare condition and may affect the intra-abdominal viscera as well as the intrathoracic organs. Cholelithiasis is not more common in these conditions, but the diagnosis may be more difficult. Case presentation We present the case of a 59-year-old African woman with gallstones and situs inversus totalis. A single-port cholecystectomy was performed using a single trocar access device (SITRACC). Conclusions The procedure was uneventful, showing that this approach may be an option for this kind of surgery even in patients with situs inversus totalis.