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This quantitative study explored the preparedness of foreign language teachers for technology-mediated instruction and the burnout conditions that characterized their transition from in-person to off-campus second/foreign language education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected from 104 university instructors through a Google Forms® survey and a burnout questionnaire in a Mexican state which was severely hit by the virus in the spring of 2020. The survey elicited information about institutional conditions, teacher education and technology access and use. The burnout questionnaire explored exhaustion, depersonalization and accomplishment during off-campus technology-mediated language instruction. Both survey and questionnaire answers were subject to frequency analyses. In terms of teacher preparedness, data analyses revealed that the participants had a large number of teaching hours; they held sustained computer/ Internet access but lacked technology-assisted language teaching training; thus, they independently sought out technological resources for the delivery of their lessons. With regard to burnout, data analyses indicated that many participants experienced exhaustion due to work overload, use of technology, and its proper integration in the lessons. Nonetheless, the use of technology helped them maintain interest in their learners, feel satisfaction and accomplish academic aims. Resumen Este estudio cuantitativo exploró la capacitación de profesores universitarios de lenguas extranjeras para la enseñanza mediada por la tecnología y las condiciones de desgaste profesional que caracterizaron la transición de la instrucción presencial a las clases virtuales durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Por medio de una encuesta en Google Forms® y un cuestionario para sondear el desgaste, se recolectaron datos de 104 docentes de una universidad pública en un estado mexicano que fue severamente afectado por la propagación del virus en el 2020. La encuesta indagó por las condiciones institucionales, personales, la formación de los docentes para la enseñanza y su uso y acceso a la tecnología. El cuestionario exploró tres dimensiones del desgaste docente: fatiga, despersonalización y rendimiento durante la docencia mediada por la tecnología fuera de la universidad. Las respuestas de la encuesta y el cuestionario se sometieron a análisis de frecuencia. En lo que respecta a la capacitación, los análisis revelaron que los participantes tenían un gran número de horas de clase; contaban con acceso permanente a equipos de computación e internet, pero les faltaba capacitación para la enseñanza de lenguas asistida por la tecnología. En consecuencia, de manera autónoma, tuvieron que identificar recursos tecnológicos para sus clases. En lo que respecta al desgaste, los datos revelan que los docentes experimentaron fatiga debido a la sobrecarga laboral, el uso de los recursos tecnológicos e incertidumbre en el empleo de la tecnología. A pesar de estos inconvenientes, la tecnología les permitió mantener interés en sus estudiantes, sentir satisfacción con sus clases y alcanzar los objetivos institucionales. Résumé Cette étude quantitative a exploré la formation des enseignants universitaires de langues étrangères pour l'enseignement médié par la technologie et les conditions d'épuisement professionnel qui ont caractérisé la transition de l'enseignement présentielle à l’enseignement virtuelle pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Via une enquête de Google Forms® et un questionnaire pour se renseigner sur l'épuisement, des données ont été collectées auprès de 104 enseignants d'une université publique dans un État mexicain gravement touché par la propagation du virus en 2020. L'enquête a examiné les conditions institutionnelles et personnelles, la formation pédagogique des enseignants et leur utilisation et accès à la technologie. Le questionnaire a exploré trois dimensions de l'épuisement professionnel des enseignants : la fatigue, la dépersonnalisation et la performance lors de l'enseignement assisté par la technologie en dehors de l'université. Les réponses à l'enquête et au questionnaire ont été soumises à une analyse de fréquence. Concernant la formation, les analyses ont révélé que les participants avaient un grand nombre d'heures de cours ; ils avaient un accès permanent à du matériel informatique et à Internet, mais manquaient de formation pour l'enseignement des langues assistée par la technologie. Par conséquent, de manière autonome, ils ont dû identifier des ressources technologiques pour leurs classes. En ce qui concerne l'épuisement, les données révèlent que les enseignants ont éprouvé de la fatigue en raison de la surcharge de travail, de l'utilisation des ressources technologiques et de l'incertitude dans l'utilisation de la technologie. Malgré ces inconvénients, la technologie leur a permis de maintenir l'intérêt pour leurs étudiants, de se sentir satisfaits de leurs cours et d'atteindre leurs buts académiques.

There are several effects that the pandemic nature of COVID-19 and the consequent forced confinement have had on the general population and especially on women. It has become necessary to reconcile work obligations with the care of children, dependents, and household work. These tasks are traditionally related to the gender stereotypes assigned to women. This study focuses on analysing the impact that confinement may have had on women in relation to the internalization of gender-based norms and whether this situation has increased anxiety and depression in these same women. A total of 502 women aged 18- 71 years participated, with 251 completing the three measurement instruments before the confinement and the other 251 completing them three months after the confinement began. The results show a clear influence of confinement on the anxiety and depression of the participating women, as well as changes in the perception of some of the gender stereotypes traditionally assigned to women, Son varios los efectos que la naturaleza pandémica de la COVID-19 y el consiguiente confinamiento forzado han tenido en la población en general y especialmente en las mujeres. Se ha hecho necesario conciliar las obligaciones laborales con el cuidado de los hijos, las personas a cargo y el trabajo doméstico. Estas tareas están tradicionalmente relacionadas con los estereotipos de género asignados a las mujeres. Este estudio se centra en analizar el impacto que puede haber tenido el encierro en las mujeres en relación con la internalización de las normas de género y si esta situación ha aumentado la ansiedad y la depresión en estas mismas mujeres. Participaron un total de 502 mujeres de 18 a 71 años, de las cuales 251 completaron los tres instrumentos de medición antes del confinamiento y las otras 251 los completaron tres meses después del inicio de la pandemia. Los resultados muestran una clara influencia del encierro sobre la ansiedad y depresión de las mujeres participantes, así como cambios en la percepción de algunos de los estereotipos de género tradicionalmente asignados a las mujeres

Resumen y palabras clave en español e inglés Resumen basado en el de la publicación Monográfico con el título: “Implicaciones psicológicas de la pandemia de COVID-19” Título del monográfico en inglés: “The psycological implications of the COVID-19 pandemic” Son varios los efectos que la naturaleza pandémica de la COVID-19 y el consiguiente confinamiento forzado han tenido en la población en general y especialmente en las mujeres. Se ha hecho necesario conciliar las obligaciones laborales con el cuidado de los hijos, las personas a cargo y el trabajo doméstico. Estas tareas están tradicionalmente relacionadas con los estereotipos de género asignados a las mujeres. Se analiza el impacto que puede haber tenido el confinamiento en las mujeres en relación con la internalización de las normas de género y si esta situación ha aumentado la ansiedad y la depresión en estas mismas mujeres. Participaron un total de 502 mujeres de 18 a 71 años, de las cuales 251 completaron los tres instrumentos de medición antes del confinamiento y las otras 251 los completaron tres meses después del inicio de la pandemia. Los resultados muestran una clara influencia del confinamiento sobre la ansiedad y depresión de las mujeres participantes, así como cambios en la percepción de algunos de los estereotipos de género tradicionalmente asignados a las mujeres. ESP

Alcohol use in relation to Internet and mobile phone use, prefrontal symptomology and dispositional mindfulness in university students. This study analyzes the relationship between the type of alcohol use and parameters associated with addictive behaviors, such as abnormal use of the Internet and mobile devices, prefrontal symptoms and dispositional mindfulness in 509 university students from Madrid (Spain). The present study was multivariate, inferential, descriptive and nonexperimental, using discriminant analysis to study the predictive nature of the variables considered in weekend alcohol use, with participants classified into three groups (low, medium and high use). The results indicate that high alcohol use was related to greater Internet and mobile phone use, greater irritability and under executive control, as well as a lower mindfulness level. Longitudinal studies are needed to analyze, among other aspects, the mediating role of dispositional mindfulness in alcohol use, use of technologies and executive functioning. Educación

Título, resumen, palabras clave en español e ingles Resumen basado en el de la publicación Se somete a prueba un modelo estructural que incluye variables predictoras y explicativas del rendimiento académico como son las estrategias de aprendizaje y motivación académica y el estrés infantil percibido. Participaron 210 estudiantes de primaria con edades entre 10 y 13 años (M = 11.05; DT = 0.684). Los resultados indican relaciones directas entre estrategias de aprendizaje y motivación académica con el rendimiento, así como inversas entre el estrés infantil y dicho rendimiento académico en Lengua Castellana y Matemáticas. El análisis de ecuaciones estructurales informa del papel mediador de las estrategias de aprendizaje y motivación académica sobre el estrés infantil, disminuyendo los efectos de este sobre el rendimiento académico. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos enfatizando la necesidad de realizar estudios longitudinales por las implicaciones educativas que tienen las variables cognitivas y las motivacionales en el aprendizaje y en la configuración del perfil estudiantil. ESP

Dra. C. Débora Mainegra Fernández 0000-0003-0811-0629 dmainegrafernandez@gmail.com Dr. C. Jesús Miranda Izquierdo 0000-0001-6970-221 M.Sc. Israel Hernández Rodríguez 0000-0003-3715-5244 Docentes de la Universidad de Pinar del Río “Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca” Cuba El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar la experiencia del uso de los resultados del Sistema de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación (SECE) en función de la mejora del sistema educativo, procurando la solución a los problemas que se detectan desde el Sistema de Trabajo Metodológico (STM) en Educación Básica. El desarrollo del ensayo se divide en dos partes: la primera, efectúa un análisis teórico de las definiciones y funciones de ambos sistemas en la escuela cubana actual y; la segunda, describe la experiencia implementada en la provincia de Pinar del Río para dar tratamiento a las debilidades evidenciadas por los estudios que efectúa el SECE, en cualquier contexto y elemento del conocimiento. A través del STM se propicia la información−proporcionada por directivos y asesores−sobre las necesidades específicas de capacitación o actividades demostrativas que mejoren el desempeño de un docente, institución, municipio o provincia.

On the last decades postcolonial criticism has gained a long and profound acceptance between the social scientists and humanists; however its spectrum has usually remained inside the boundaries of those territories for which it was conceived: territories coming from the two European colonial streams and from postcolonial processes with their obvious neocolonial traces. The purpose of this article is to extend the use of those theories and theorical tools of the critic to a differnt territory: the Spanish Transition and the Hegemonic Narrative that, somehow, colonized the thoughts, and have even colonized current thoughts, of many Spaniards. As I am going to defend on its pages, those same thoughts cornerd other possible memories, undermined other utopic ways of been in the world and provided us with a very uncivic type of subjectivity: consumist and dreamy about the, apparently, indisputable today. La crítica poscolonial ha tenido una prolongada y profunda aceptación entre los científicos sociales y los humanistas en las últimas décadas; sin embargo, su espectro ha quedado habitualmente enmarcado en territorios para los cuales había nacido: mundos procedentes de las dos oleadas colonizadoras de Europa y procesos poscoloniales con sus evidentes huellas neocoloniales. En este artículo el propósito es extender los argumentos y el utillaje teórico de la crítica a un terreno inusual de la misma: la Transición española y el relato hegemónico que, de alguna manera, colonizó el pensamiento de muchos españoles incluso hasta la actualidad. Como se defenderá en sus páginas, dicho pensamiento arrinconó otras memorias posibles, desvirtuó otras formas utópicas de estar en el mundo y legó un tipo de subjetividad poco cívica, consumista y ensimismada con un hoy, al parecer, irrenunciable.

V Encuentro de la Oceanografía Física (EOF 2018) - V Physical Oceanography Meeting, VI Simposio Internacional de Ciencias del Mar - VI International Symposium of Marine Sciences (ISMS 2018), 20- 22 June 2018, Vigo.-- 1 page, The Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) is an intense frontal region between relatively cold-fresh subantarctic and warm-salty subtropical waters. Its spatial structure reflects the collision of the southward Brazil Current with the northward Malvinas Current, which results in the southward retroflection of the Malvinas Current accompanied by the overshoot of the Brazil Current as an elongated anticyclonic meander. At the locus of the along-slope initial collision, the Subantarctic and Brazil Current Fronts usually merge together and produce a very intense frontal region. Occasionally, however, the anticyclonic meander occasionally breaks as an eddy and the Subantarctic Front retreats south, so that the Malvinas Current diverts east much further south and the water transport reaching the Brazil Current Front weakens substantially; these are the conditions we encountered during the March 2017 RETRO-BMC cruise on board the BIO Hespérides. In this study we will present and analyse novel data illustrating the surface and subsurface variability of the mesoscalar structures in the BMC. Altimetry data shows that the temporal evolution of the frontal system and associated mesoscalar structures is slow, on time scales of the order of one month. In contrast, SST images show the intermittent expulsion of surface filaments of brackish water (with high Rio de La Plata contributions), which reach several hundred kilometres offshore along the frontal system and display substantial changes at time scales of the order of days. Further, subsurface SeaSoar data obtained during the RETRO-BMC cruise show that the subsurface eddy-like structures are much smaller that the surface ones and also change at time scales of the order of very few days

International audience

V Encuentro de la Oceanografía Física (EOF 2018) - V Physical Oceanography Meeting, VI Simposio Internacional de Ciencias del Mar - VI International Symposium of Marine Sciences (ISMS 2018), 20- 22 June 2018, Vigo.-- 1 page, Using sea surface temperature variability and the definition of the BrazilCurrent and Subantarctic fronts in terms of dynamic height, we define an index for the Brazil-Malvinas front and calculate its location for the 1870-2016 period. With this new index, the seasonal cycle is studied. Also, changes in its temporal variability, including those associated with its meridional location and amplitude, are analysed. The results suggest multi-decadal modulations of the interannual variability in relation to changes in the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The links with the variability of the Agulhas leakage and the westerly winds are also explored and discussed, This research has been supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of the Spanish Government through project VA-DE-RETRO (CTM2014-56987-P). Dorleta Orúe-Echevarría has been funded through a FPU contract of the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia

International Symposium on Mesoscale and Submesoscale Processes in the Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere (MSP - 2018), 30 October - 2 November 2018, Moscow, Russia

EM Ocio and M Garayoa contributed equally, Background Despite recent advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), the prognosis of most patients remains poor, and resistance to traditional and new drugs frequently occurs. EDO-S101 is a novel therapeutic agent conceived as the fusion of a histone deacetylase inhibitor radical to bendamustine, with the aim of potentiating its alkylating activity. Methods The efficacy of EDO-S101 was evaluated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, alone, and in combination with standard anti-myeloma agents. The underlying mechanisms of action were also evaluated on MM cell lines, patient samples, and different murine models. Results EDO-S101 displayed potent activity in vitro in MM cell lines (IC50 1.6–4.8 μM) and ex vivo in cells isolated from MM patients, which was higher than that of bendamustine and independent of the p53 status and previous melphalan resistance. This activity was confirmed in vivo, in a CB17-SCID murine plasmacytoma model and in de novo Vk*MYC mice, leading to a significant survival improvement in both models. In addition, EDO-S101 was the only drug with single-agent activity in the multidrug resistant Vk12653 murine model. Attending to its mechanism of action, the molecule showed both, a HDACi effect (demonstrated by α-tubulin and histone hyperacetylation) and a DNA-damaging effect (shown by an increase in γH2AX); the latter being again clearly more potent than that of bendamustine. Using a reporter plasmid integrated into the genome of some MM cell lines, we demonstrate that, apart from inducing a potent DNA damage, EDO-S101 specifically inhibited the double strand break repair by the homologous recombination pathway. Moreover, EDO-S101 treatment reduced the recruitment of repair proteins such as RAD51 to DNA-damage sites identified as γH2AX foci. Finally, EDO-S101 preclinically synergized with bortezomib, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These findings provide rationale for the clinical investigation of EDO-S101 in MM, either as a single agent or in combination with other anti-MM drugs, particularly proteasome inhibitors., This work was in part funded by Mundipharma-EDO GmbH, the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII-FIS) and FEDER, the Spanish RTICC, Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC), and the Regional Council of Castilla y León (GRS 1175/A/15 and FIC335U14).

Pelegrí, Josep Lluís ... et al.-- Informe de Campaña RETRO-BMC, BIO Hespérides, Ushuaia‐Santos, 8‐28 abril 2017.-- 73 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, annexes, La campaña RETRO‐MC se realizó a bordo del BIO Hespérides con salida de Ushuaia el 8 de abril y llegada a Santos el 28 de abril de 2017. La campaña se hizo en dos fases, una primera fase de 24 horas de trabajo (8 y 9 de abril) en el Canal de Beagle y una segunda fase de 12 días de trabajo (13 a 24 de abril) en la Confluencia de Brasil‐Malvinas, Proyecto VA‐DE‐RETRO (CTM2014‐56987‐P) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

6th Euro-Argo Users Meeting, 4-5 July 2017, Paris, France, A first estimation of the South Atlantic Ocean circulation times at 1000 dbar is given using two dimensional Lagrangian simulation based on Argo inferred velocities.With the particles seeded in the wester margin, our results show a variable recirculation time for the South Atlantic Ocean Subtropical Gyre between 1 and 30 years, depending on the distance to the center of the gyre. A detailed schematic diagram of the observed propagation patterns is presented accompained by the circulation times. A seasonal periodicity affecting all the main ocean structure is revealed, showing the importance of the seasonal cycle in the understanding and modelization of the Ocean. Results are compared with numerical Lagrangian experiments based on the outputs from the reanalysis GLORYS2v4 of ¿º resolution

Joint Assembly IAPSO-AIAMA-IAGA , Good Hope for Earth Sciences, 27 August - 1 September 2017, Cape Town, South Africa, We present the results of two field experiments carried in early austral fall over the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) onboard the R/V Hespérides, each approximately lasting two weeks. The first experiment (March 2015) began encircling the BMC with hydrographic stations (lowered ADCP, CTD and water samples) along a perimeter of about 1200 km, in order to identify the water masses and fluxes reaching the BMC, and then sampled the collision region with six 100-km long and 400-m deep cross-frontal hydrographic sections. Data was also obtained from the vessel ADCP (velocities down to about 600 m), eight subsurface drifters and nine Argo floats. Here we describe the fluxes and structure of the BMC at three different scales: frontal, confluence and regional. The frontal sampling, approximately comprising a 200 km x 100 km region, shows intense cross-frontal property gradients (e.g. up to 20ºC in about 10 km at 50 m depth), numerous thermohaline intrusions (10-100 m thick, 10 km wide and 10-50 km long) and a very shallow (5-20 m) and fast (velocities close to 1.8 m/s) eastward surface brackish (salinities of 32-33) filament on the warm side of the front (narrowing from some 100 km over the slope to only a few kilometers in the outer stations). The confluence sampling followed the border of a 400 km x 200 km rectangle that encompassed the entire collision of the two impinging currents, characterized by large water recirculation in adjacent vortices (two anticyclones and one cyclone at distances less than 500 km from the collision point) before the eastward flushing along the frontal system. Finally, we used the ARMOR3D fields (Guinehut et al., 2012, Ocean Sci. 8, 845-857) to characterize the regional flow patterns and water masses, from 31ºS to 45ºS and from 38ºW to the continental platform. The second experiment (April 2017) will focus on the temporal and latitudinal evolution of the frontal system. It will include hydrographic and microstructure stations, the deployment of drifters and floats, and a towed vehicle to sample the uppermost 400 m of the water column

Título, resumen y palabras clave en español y en inglés Resumen basado en el de la publicación Se valida una escala (CUTIC) que mide la frecuencia y el ámbito de uso de las TIC con conexión a Internet, así como la utilidad que tienen y la emoción que genera su uso o no uso entre jóvenes universitarios. La muestra estuvo formada por 178 estudiantes (87.6% mujeres) que cursaban primer grado de Trabajo Social en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid durante el año académico 2016-2017. El cuestionario inicial de 48 ítems quedó reducido a los 28 ítems que mostraban mejores propiedades psicométricas. Posteriormente se evaluó mediante técnicas factoriales la adecuación de los datos al modelo teórico concluyéndose que CUTIC-28 es una herramienta válida y fiable para conocer la frecuencia y uso de la tecnología. Es valida una escala (CUTIC) que mesura la freqüència i l'àmbit d'ús de les TIC amb connexió a Internet, així com la utilitat que tenen i l'emoció que genera el seu ús o no ús entre joves universitaris. La mostra va estar formada per 178 estudiants (87.6% dones) que cursaven primer grau de Treball Social a la Universitat Complutense de Madrid durant l'any acadèmic 2016-2017. El qüestionari inicial de 48 ítems va quedar reduït als 28 ítems que mostraven millors propietats psicomètriques. Posteriorment es va avaluar mitjançant tècniques factorials l'adequació de les dades al model teòric i es va concloure que CUTIC-28 és una eina vàlida i fiable per conèixer la freqüència i ús de la tecnologia. ESP

Emelianov, Mikhail ... et al.-- IV Encuentro Oceanografía Física Española, celebrado del 20 al 22 de julio de 2016 en Alicante,España.-- 2 pages, 1 figure, La Confluencia de Brasil-Malvinas (CBM), donde confluyen las masas de agua de origen subtropical (Corriente de Brasil) y subantártico (Corriente de Malvinas), juega un papel clave en la transferencia meridional de masa, calor y sal, como parte del ramal de retorno de la cinta transbordadora global en el Océano Atlántico. En marzo de 2015 se realizó a bordo del BIO Hespérides la campaña TIC-MOC, con el fin de caracterizar las condiciones oceanográficas en la región de la BMC. Durante la campaña se hicieron 66 estaciones hidrográficas y se lanzaron 8 flotadores y 9 perfiladores de deriva, en lo que resultó ser un muestreo de alta resolución espacio-temporal de los procesos que se desarrollan en la Confluencia a distintas escalas. Las observaciones revelan la colisión frontal de las dos corrientes, cada una de ellas con altas velocidades, que en superficie pueden exceder 1 m s-1. Este choque crea un complejo sistema frontal, con elevados gradientes horizontales de variables físicas y biogeoquímicas, que está caracterizado por intrusiones termohalinas y remolinos de ambos signos, además de un filamento superficial que se extiende hacia el este con velocidades cercanas a 2 m s-1, Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a la financiación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del gobierno de España, a través de los proyectos TIC-MOC (CTM2011-28867) y VA-DE-RETRO (CTM2014-56987-P)

2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting, 21-26 February 2016, New Orleans.-- 1 page, 7 figures, The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) oscillates seasonally in the North Atlantic Ocean, its mean position moving between the Equator in February and 10°N in August-September. Further, during its annual march, the ITCZ remains oriented SW-NE, with 10° of latitude difference across the Atlantic. As a consequence, Ekman convergence-divergence changes zonally and seasonally, setting up the sea-surface absolute dynamic topography (ADT) that drives geostrophic currents in the tropical ocean and the adjacent subtropical gyres. The clearest example is the seasonal growth of the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) at 6-8°N, as an intense eastward jet in the tropical North Atlantic amid the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC). The NECC starts in the eastern Atlantic in May and progresses west, fed by a northern diversion of the SEC, until it reaches the western boundary in August, causing the retroflection of the North Brazil Current (NBC). The NECC results from the boreal-summer northward penetration of the ITCZ and the associated South Atlantic High: the surface winds cause zonal bands of meridional Ekman convergence (3-7°N) and divergence (7-13°N) that lead to a ridge-valley ADT pattern, with the NECC unfolding at those latitudes of large latitudinal ADT gradients (6-8°N). The NECC intensifies through input from the interior gyres - anticyclonic near the low-latitude ridge and cyclonic around the northern valley, the latter related to the northern subtropical cell - and only after August it fuels from the NBC retroflection. The northern position of the ITCZ prevents analogous jets and retroflections to occur in the southern hemisphere, yet the location where the SEC bifurcates (into the northward NBC and the southward Brazil Current) changes between January (8°S) and June (16°S). Further, between April and July, a ridge-valley ADT distribution appears in the western tropical South Atlantic, giving rise to cyclonic-anticyclonic motions near 12°S-6°S. Here we (1) integrate recent work on the tropical Atlantic, (2) examine several types of observational and numerical data, and (3) use an idealized wind-driven model for the surface ocean, in order to stress the relevance of the ITCZ motion on both the surface circulation patterns and the net latitudinal transport in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, This research has been supported by the Spanish government through the TIC-MOC (CTM2011- from the ECCO2 model, and (right) at (5.5S, 34W), as inferred from the 200-m climatological outputs from the ECCO2 model. The color bar represents days before 28867) and VA-DE-RETRO (CTM2014-56987-P) projects

Bibliografía: p. 45-48 : Abstract: The present study analyzes some factors associated with violence in pre-adolescents and adolescents, such as their self-rated aggression, the defensive or instrumental function of aggression, and the degree of violence perceived in others and their surroundings, namely family, friends and peers, neighborhood, city and world. Several self-report tests on aggression [Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2), and an ad-hoc self-report developed by us (Self Appraisal Report (SAR))] were administered to 2110 subjects of both sexes between 9 and 17 years of age. Those subjects who perceived themselves as violent obtained significantly higher rates in aggression, impulsivity and anger, and believed that their surrounding was more violent than their self-rated non-violent ones did. Finally, they also showed a higher justification of violence, attributing it as a possible instrumental function. The best predictors of self-rated violence in the present study were the AQ physical aggressivity, the BIS motor impulse scale, and the STAXI expression index. Disponible en formato .pdf

IV Congreso de Oceanografía Física, Meteorología y Clima, 18 al 20 noviembre de 2015, Valparaíso, Chile

RAPID - US AMOC International Science Meeting, Towards a holistic picture of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation : Via observation modelling and synthesis, 21-24 July 2015, Bristol, U.K., Mediterranean Outflow Water spreads into the North Atlantic Ocean below the thermocline, forming a tongue that slowly moves westward until it reaches the North American coast. Meanwhile, Labrador Sea Water formed at high latitudes in the North Atlantic flows southward along the American coast in the Deep Western Boundary Current, and flows on similar density levels as the Mediterranean Outflow Water. The two water masses mix at some point, to jointly cross the Equator in the Deep Western Boundary Current. The question is how and where this mixing happens. In particularly, it is unclear how variability in the strength of formation the two water mass relates and impacts on the southward export of mid-depth water. This is important because, while the two water masses have the same density, they have vastly different temperature and salinity properties. Better knowledge of the mixing processes will allow for an improved understanding of AMOC dynamics. Here, we show results from eddy-resolving models where we track the water flowing from both the southern tip of the Labrador Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar, using virtual Lagrangian particles. We analyse the trajectories of these particles to see where and how the two water masses mix, and reconcile this with information on the modeled and observed salinity field in the North Atlantic. We show what the role of meso-scale eddies is, and how the interaction of the two water masses ultimately sets the thermohaline structure of the mid-depth North Atlantic Ocean

The water mass pathways to the North Atlantic Oxygen Minimum Zone (naOMZ) are traditionally sketched within the cyclonic tropical circulation via the poleward branching from the eastward flowing jets that lie south of 10°N. However, our water mass analysis of historic hydrographic observations together with numerical Lagrangian experiments consistently reveal that the potential density level of σθ=26.8 kg m-3 (σ26.8, approximately 300 m depth) separates two distinct regimes of circulation within the Central Water (CW) stratum of the naOMZ. In the upper CW (above σ26.8), and in agreement with previous studies, the supply of water mainly comes from the south with a predominant contribution of South Atlantic CW. In the lower CW (below σ26.8), where minimal oxygen content is found, the tropical pathway is instead drastically weakened in favor of a subtropical pathway. More than two thirds of the total water supply to this lower layer takes place north of 10°N, mainly via an eastward flow at 14°N and northern recirculations from the northern subtropical gyre. The existence of these northern jets explains the greater contribution of North Atlantic CW observed in the lower CW, making up to 50% of the water mass at the naOMZ core. The equatorward transfer of mass from the well-ventilated northern subtropical gyre emerges as an essential part of the ventilation of the naOMZ.

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Jesús Peña Izquierdo para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC), realizada bajo la dirección del Dr. Joan Baptista Company Claret, la Dra. Eva Zoe Ramírez Llodra y el Dr. Josep Lluís Pelegrí Llopart del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC).-- 130 pages, 1 appendix, [EN] Regions isolated from the wind-driven circulation are found in the eastern margins of the world’s tropical oceans. The weak and stagnant circulation of these so-called ‘shadow zones’, in combination with the intense respiration of organic matter provided by the overlying highly productive waters, promotes the existence of large oceanic volumes with very low dissolved oxygen. These volumes are known as oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The last decades of observations have revealed that OMZs are in general expanding, and thus potentially threatening the surrounding rich marine ecosystems. However, it is not clear whether this change is based on natural variability or it has an anthropogenic origin. Furthermore, under a global warming scenario, the future evolution of the OMZs is uncertain due to the complex interaction between the physical and biochemical processes that interplay in the OMZs dynamics. [...], This thesis investigation was conducted between 2009 and 2014 under the guidance of Dr. José Luís Pelegrí Llopart, who is an investigator from the Institut de Ciències del Mar - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, supported through an FPI predoctoral grant (BES-2009-021691) in the frame of the research project entitled “Ocean Climate Memory: mechanisms and paths of surface water formation in the Equatorial Atlantic” (MOC2-Ecuatorial, ref. CTM2008-06438-C02-01/MAR)

El objetivo que se pretende con el presente documento, es el de abordar de manera sencilla las técnicas de consolidación, estabilización o de refuerzo de un elemento estructural, ya sea requerido por una reforma, proceso patológico o bien por la adecuación al uso que sea requerida por la actual normativa. En cada apartado, se introduce una explicación o concepto del sistema, como base del desarrollo técnico que se sigue. Se analizan los aspectos funcionales, técnicos (cálculo), constructivos y finalmente se incluye una valoración económica del coste de ejecución del sistema de refuerzo o de consolidación empleado. En el apartado de cálculo, se define la metodología aplicada, en base a las expresiones fundamentales de la resistencia de materiales, sin dejarse llevar por los complejos cálculos de programas de elementos finitos, cuyo uso sin “intuición” puede conducir a una maraña de listados numéricos. En cada apartado de cálculo, se incluye un ejemplo que ilustra el procedimiento seguido. En resumen, este documento se presenta como una “guía de andar por casa”, acompañada de un software de dominio público, como son los documentos de excel, a través del cual se puede seguir el proceso de cálculo, los resultados de los ejemplos y el coste económico. Los campos de entrada de datos se destacan sombreados en azul. Así pues, en el CD recopilatorio del presente trabajo, además de la memoria, se incluyen unas fichas en excel de sencillo manejo, correspondientes a cada capítulo. Cada ficha (libro de excel) contiene una hoja de “cálculo” y una hoja de “coste”.

10 pages, 6 figures, Inorganic nutrients increase with depth as a result of the enhanced remineralization of organic matter with aging waters (the time since they were last near the sea surface), and the opposite happens with dissolved oxygen (except within the saturated surface mixed layer). In the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem there is also a marked latitudinal gradient, with the Cape Verde Front separating relatively nutrient‐poor and oxygen‐rich subtropical waters from the nutrient‐rich and oxygen‐poor tropical waters. Along a latitudinal band off North‐West Africa, coastal upwelling brings the subsurface waters towards the sea surface, locally raising the inorganic nutrient levels. This becomes an important lateral source to both gyre especially to the nutrient‐poor subtropical one, taking place through lateral mixing (mainly as a result of the instability of the coastal‐upwelling baroclinic jet) and localized coastal filaments (in those regions, typically capes, where the coastal flow converges and offshore advection takes place). In the southernmost portion of our domain, within tropical waters, there is also high (wind‐induced) offshore primary production. This, together with the slow ventilation of the subsurface waters, leads to much enhanced remineralization, producing a region with very low oxygen and high inorganic nutrient levels, the oxygen minimum zone of the North Atlantic Ocean, This review has been supported by projects CANOA (CTM2005-00444/MAR), MOC2 (CTM2008-06438-C02-01) and TIC-MOC (CTM2011–28867), funded by the Spanish government. Jesús Peña-Izquierdo was funded by the Spanish government, through a FPI doctoral grant linked to project MOC2

12 pages, 8 figures, The Cape Verde Front (CVF) separates the North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASG) from the north‐eastern North Atlantic tropical gyre (NATG). Within the NASG, the Canary Current (CC) and the Canary Upwelling Current (CUC) comprise a relatively shallow (down to about 200‐300 m) flow of North Atlantic Central Waters (NACW): the CC is found far offshore as a wide and poorly defined current while the CUC is a near‐slope intense baroclinic jet linked to the coastal upwelling front. Within the top 300 m of the NATG, the along‐slope Mauritania Current and the Cape Verde Current (CVC, a north‐eastern extension of the North Equatorial Counter Current that broadly rotates around the Guinea Dome) carry South Atlantic Central Waters northwards. As a result, the frontal system is the site of intense along‐slope flow convergence and offshore transport in the top 300 m of the water column. Further deep, down to some 500 m, the interior flow is very weak in both gyres, likely dominated by mesoscale features, except along the continental slope, where the northward Poleward Undercurrent (PUC) feeds through localized inputs from the interior ocean; in particular, within the NATG the CVC appears as responsible for southward transfer of NACW, across the CVF, which eventually reaches the PUC, This review synthesizes work on the system of eastern boundary currents in the CCLME linked to several projects carried out during the last two decades, particularly projects CANOA (CTM2005-00444/MAR), MOC2 (CTM2008-06438-C02-01) and TIC-MOC (CTM2011–28867), funded by the Spanish government. Jesús Peña-Izquierdo was funded through a FPI doctoral grant linked to project MOC2

EUR-OCEANS Hot Topics Conference - A Changing Ocean, 6-8 November 2013, Gran Canaria, Spain, Regions with extremely weak thermocline circulation are found just outside the subtropical gyres, equatorwards and in the eastern margin of all oceans. These regions, called Shadow Zones, present the lowest thermocline water masses renovation rates and thus the longest residence times. These long residence times combine with enhanced organic remineralization, due to highly productive surface waters in eastern margins, to drive the development of regions of very low oxygen concentrations, named Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ). The North Atlantic OMZ (naOMZ) is one of the weakest (relatively high oxygen content) OMZ. The water mass renovation of the naOMZ is typically explained by the advection of southern origin water, namely South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), from the tropical system of zonal jets south of 10N. Well ventilated North Atlantic Central Water (NACW), found north of the naOMZ in the Subtropical Gyre is supposed to not play a meaningful role on the ventilation of the naOMZ. In this study we combine field and numerical data to examine the water mass pathways to the OMZ. First, we use Argo and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NODC) CTD datasets to carry out an analysis of the water masses in the region. And second, a numerical circulation model is employed to run Lagrangian experiments that may describe the naOMZ water masses renovation patterns. Our results show an abrupt and permanent thermohaline vertical transition in the naOMZ at sigma0 26.8 kg/m3, with pure SACW in the upper layer while a 50% mixture of SACW and NACW in the lower layer. The Lagrangian experiments show that the high-‐oxygen content upper layers are directly and only renovated with SACW by a northward extension of the northern branch of the North Equatorial CounterCurrent that flows at 9N. The oxygen-‐ poor lower layers are renewed instead with a mixture of SACW and NACW but with minimum oxygen values through a basin wide zonal flow centered at 14N not connected with the tropical system of zonal jets further south. Finally, more tan 60% of the oxygen influx to the naOMZ can be associated to NACW inflow. This distinct dynamic above and below sigma0 26.8 kg/m3 explained the observed thermohalines transition. Also, the existence of this zonal source of relatively old NACW into the naOMZ possibly explains the higher oxygen content of the naOMZ as compared with other basins

IV Congress of Marine Sciences, 11-13 June 2014, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.-- 1 page, The basic pathway for the return flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), across the tropics from the South to the North Atlantic Ocean, is usually sketched along the western margin via the North Brazil Current and directly entering into the Caribbean Sea. However, only about half of the AMOC flow follows this straightforward pathway. Just north of the equator, the other half retroflects eastwards successively, feeding a complex system of zonal jets. This southern origin water recirculates within the tropics during relative long times scales while slowly upwelling into the surface layer and gaining heat content. It is mostly via Ekman-driven dynamics that this half of the AMOC flow enters into the northern Atlantic subtropics across the ocean interior. This tropical component of the AMOC therefore plays a key role in its heat budget. In this study we use a numerical ocean circulation model to compute the water mass fluxes and the heat budget across the tropics. Both Eulerian and Lagrangians descriptions will be used, with especial attention to the seasonal variability

IV Congress of Marine Sciences, Encuentro de la Oceanografía Física Española (EOF 2014), 11-13 June 2014, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.-- 1 page, In a two-dimensional world, with depth and cross-shore distance as the only spatial axes, coastal upwelling responds quite fast to the along-shore sea-surface winds, on time scales of the order of hours to days. This is the reason why coastal upwelling indices, used to predict the intensity of upwelling at some coastal location, are often calculated in terms of the instantaneous along-shore local winds, i.e. the Bakun (1973) index and some of its variations simply assess the intensity of cross-shore Ekman transport. This approach ignores along-shore pressure gradients, internal friction and, most important for our analysis, the advection of upstream momentum. In this work we first examine under which circumstances, and how much, the upstream momentum can play a role similar to the along-shore wind stress in the sustainment of coastal upwelling. The key condition for the maintenance of upwelling beyond the wind intermittency turns out to be the advective temporal scale (related to the spatial coherence of the wind), which has to be longer than the local temporal scale, i.e. the spatial coherence of the along-shore coastal jet is capable of replacing the temporal intermittency of the cross-shore Ekman transport. Second, we apply these ideas to the coastal upwelling region off NW Africa. For this purpose we use time series of sea-surface temperature (SST) differences (between the coast and offshore regions) and coastal winds. We calculate the temporal and spatial auto-correlations for the wind and SST differences, and the cross-correlations between both variables. It turns out that off NW Africa the advective time scale is often longer than the local temporal scale, which brings a characteristic temporal memory of the order of 1-2 months. Finally, we define a cumulative upwelling index as the integration of past cross-shore Ekman transports over a time scale which brings the maximum correlation with the SST differences. This time scale, consistent with the time scale for maximum cross-correlations between SST differences and local Ekman transport, is the temporal memory of the upwelling system

Presentación para la Seventeenth Session of the GCOS/GOOS/WCRP Ocean Observations Panel For Climate (OOPC-17), 21-23 July 2014, Barcelona, Spain.-- 17 pages

2nd International Ocean Research Conference, One planet one ocean, 17-21 November 2014, Barcelona, Spain, We use in situ Argo float, AVISO and numerical ECCO2 data to examine the seasonal variability of the velocity fields in the upper tropical Atlantic Ocean, here defined as comprising surface and central waters (down to about 500 m) between 10ºS and 20ºN. This upper-ocean is characterized by the dominance of zonal jets, with substantial annual and semi-annual variability. Our results show that these jets are directly (through the surface down-wind stress) and indirectly (through latitudinal Ekman transports) driven by the seasonal latitudinal march of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). One major element is the seasonal accumulation and release of surface waters, through latitudinal Ekman convergence-divergence, and the associated geostrophic meridional circulations at surface and subsurface levels, in what constitutes the upper and lower limbs of the tropical and subtropical cells. Their most remarkable surface manifestation is the connection between the South Equatorial Current and the North-Equatorial Counter Current, which builds up between April and September from East to West, starting as a westward extension of the Guinea Current and eventually connecting with the retroflection of the North Brazil Current (NBC). The reported recirculations are responsible for the long-residence times in the upper-tropical Atlantic, only broken by the inter-hemispheric transport of the NBC, and favor the existence of high-remineralization and low-oxygen zones. The long-term expansion of the low-oxygen tropical regions will rely on the coupled evolution of the ITCZ and the surface-ocean

IV Congress of Marine Sciences, 11-13 June 2014, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.-- 1 page, We use climatological and Argo program data to look at the ventilation patterns of the Tropical Eastern South Pacific (TESP) Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ). Streamlines of volume transport and contours of accumulated oxygen transport (through advection and epipycnal turbulent diffusion) are computed for the whole TESP. In particular, we provide a novel description of the southern/subtropical pathway and compare its relevance with the recently described (Stramma et al. 2010) equatorial pathway of oxygen supply. In addition, we analyse the annual oxygen budget for the ESP OMZ core. The importance of each term (advection, epipycnal and diapycnal turbulent diffusion, and biological consumption) is examined for several isoneutral layers. The slight imbalances obtained when computing the oxygen budget within each isoneutral layer cast light on the expected mean oxygen changes at different depth regimes of the TESP OMZ

Resumen basado en el de la publicación La lectura como elemento generador de cultura individual y colectiva se vuelve cada vez más una necesidad social, dada la cantidad de información en textos contenidos en los más disímiles formatos que atesoran la experiencia humana acumulada durante siglos, de ahí que la formación continua y sistemática de hábitos lectores desde los recintos escolares, sea un desafío para la pedagogía actual. Por otra parte, hay una creciente tendencia en el mundo moderno a considerar trascendente el acercamiento de la ciencia y la tecnología a la sociedad por la probada necesidad de un actuar responsable de unos y otros en relación con la vida en general y el hábitat humano en particular. Se habla incluso de una educación CTS. Las finalidades de dicha educación, según sus promotores más asiduos, son propiciar un espacio de encuentro entre los saberes humanísticos y los saberes tecnocientíficos, a partir de la aportación de una visión contextualizada de la actividad científica y tecnológica y de la riqueza interpretativa de las disciplinas humanísticas y sociales para que las personas entiendan en qué consiste la actividad tecnocientífica y cómo se desarrolla. ESP

Trabajo presentado en la 12th Conference on Laser Ablation, celebrada en Nápoles (Italia) del 06 al 11 de octubre de 2013., Transition metal doped II-VI materials are widely investigated for applications as diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) [1]. Fundamental insight into the interaction dynamics of fs laser pulses with suitable Co/Zn/S targets can provide information on the temporal regime in which the laser energy couples with different ablation pathways and can help to design strategies for the controlled growth of the above materials by pulsed laser ablation and deposition (PLD). In this work, we have investigated the ultrafast laser ablation dynamics of Co/Zn/S targets with a pump-and-probe fs laser scheme, combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze the dependence of the ejected plasma composition on the time delay between the pulses. Finally, a two-pulse fs-PLD setup is used to investigate the imprint of relative delays and energies on the composition and properties of the deposited Co/Zn/S material.

54 páginas, 19 figuras, 3 anexos, The FICARAM-15 is the fifteenth repetition of a section conducted in 1994. This section is part of the international program GOSHIP (http://www.go-ship.org/CruisePlans.html) to develop a globally coordinated network of sustained hydrographic sections as part of the global ocean/climate observing system. The objective of the FICARAM-15 cruise is to investigate the temporal evolution of the anthropogenic carbon and evaluate the CO2 absorption capacity of the South Atlantic region, the Equatorial zone, and the subtropical region of Azores-Gibraltar in the North Atlantic. This cruise is supported by the CATARINA project funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CTM2010-17141) and is part of the European Union FP7 project CARBOCHANGE (http://carbochange.b.uib.no/). The objective of FICARAM-15 cruise is framed in the CATARINA project conducted by the tasks I.2.1 (air-sea CO2 exchange) I.3 (ventilation of water masses), I.4.1 (zonal variability of N2O and CH4), I.4.2 (anthropogenic carbon storage), I.4.4 (saturation horizon of calcium carbonate along the section) and I.5.4 (evolution of the acidification rates). Another component of the FICARAM-15 cruise aims to examine the biological and biogeochemical mechanisms that hinder total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remineralisation in marine systems, taking a multidisciplinary perspective and applying many different approaches. This is the global objective of the Spanish project DOREMI (CTM2012-34294) that joins this FICARAM-15 cruise., During the FICARAM cruise the physical oceanography group was responsible for collecting the following data sets: CTD and XBT data; vessel-mounted ADCP and lowered ADCP; continuous thermosalinograph. Physical oceanographers participated in the cruise financed through Project “Tipping Corners in the Meridional Overturning Circulation” (TIC-MOC), CTM2011-28867. The FICARAM-15 cruise was organized in two phases with a common sampling. LEG 1: From Punta Arenas (Chile) to Recife (Brazil): 62 stations. Chief Scientist: Aida F. Ríos, PI of CATARINA project LEG 2: From Recife (Brazil) to Cartagena (Spain): 46 stations Chief Scientist: Celia Marrasé, PI of DOREMI project This report contains the sampling of all the variables at each station along the FICARAM section, as well as the analysis of the biogeochemical variables and the preliminary results. The principal investigator of the DOREMI project produced another report with the common sampling section, showing the analysis and results of the experiments on dissolved organic matter carried out on board., This cruise is supported by the CATARINA project funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CTM2010-17141) and is part of the European Union FP7 project CARBOCHANGE (http://carbochange.b.uib.no/)

XXIX Trobades Científiques de la Mediterrània Josep Miquel Vidal: El clima de la Mediterrània: del passat als impactes del canvi climàtic = XXIX Scientific meetings of the Mediterranean Josep Miquel Vidal: Mediterranean climate: from the past to climate change impacts, 16-18 October 2013, Maó, Menorca, Nowadays the Mediterranean is a source of very salty and dense water to the North Atlantic Ocean, denser than any open ocean water. If undiluted, the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) would transport about 1 Sv of very salty waters to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. However, as the MOW plunges into the Gulf of Cádiz it undergoes very intense mixing: its salinity decreases from 38.4 at Espartel Sill to 36.5 south of Cape Santa María, after a trajectory of only some 200 km, and its transport increases by a factor of about five. This occurs through the entrainment of upper‐thermocline North Atlantic Central Waters (NACW) with salinity somewhere between 36.0 and 36.2. As a result the Mediterranean Water spreads into the North Atlantic at relatively shallow levels, with two main cores centered at depths of about 600 and 1000 m, becoming an important source of salt to the intermediate layers which may slowly diffuse toward the sea surface. Further, the shallow core is well within those depths reached by the winter mixed layer in the North Atlantic Ocean, potentially providing for a yearly salt influx of near‐surface waters. The situation probably was quite different during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as the freshwater and heat balance within the Mediterranean may have substantially changed and the depth of the water column in the western end of the Strait of Gibraltar was greatly reduced. Here we first review available evidence on possible past changes in the atmospheric forcing conditions and the MOW characteristics. Based on this review we then carry out a simple sensitivity analysis. We first estimate the near‐Gibraltar salinity outflow by proposing that it responds to different Evaporation‐Precipitation conditions within the Mediterranean basin and changes in the depth of the Gibraltar sill. Given this salinity outflow, and the known changes in the hydraulic head west of Gibraltar, we may then assess the potential variations in outflow velocity and mixing and, therefore, estimate the far‐field salinity and transport fields. Our results are illustrative of the sign and size of possible changes in salinization within the upper‐thermocline North Atlantic waters, between the LGM and nowadays, as a result of the control exerted by the MOW

We use hydrographic, velocity and drifter data from a cruise carried out in November 2008 to describe the continental slope current system in the upper thermocline (down to 600 m) between Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. The major feature in the region is the Cape Verde Frontal Zone (CVFZ), separating waters from tropical (southern) and subtropical (northern) origin. The CVFZ is found to intersect the slope north of Cape Blanc, between 22°N and 23°N, but we find that southern waters are predominant over the slope as far north as 24°N. South of Cape Blanc (21.25°N) the Poleward Undercurrent (PUC) is a prominent northward jet (50 km wide), reaching down to 300 m and indistinguishable from the surface Mauritanian Current. North of Cape Blanc the upwelling front is found far offshore, opening a near-slope northward path to the PUC. Nevertheless, the northward PUC transport decreases from 2.8 Sv at 18°N to 1.7 Sv at 24°N, with about 1 Sv recirculating ofshore just south of Cape Blanc, in agreement with the trajectory of subsurface drifters. South of the CVFZ there is an abrupt thermohaline transition at σϴ=26.85 kg m–3, which indicates the lower limit of the relatively pure (low salt and high oxygen content) South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) variety that coexists with the dominant locally-diluted (salinity increases through mixing with North Atlantic Central Water but oxygen diminishes because of enhanced remineralization) Cape Verde (SACWcv) variety. At 16°N about 70% of the PUC transport corresponds to the SACW variety but but this is transformed into 40% SACWcv at 24°N. However, between Cape Verde and Cape Blanc and in the 26.85 < σϴ < 27.1 layer, we measure up to 0.8 Sv of SACWcv being transported south. The results strongly endorse the idea that the slope current system plays a major role in tropical-subtropical water-mass exchange., En este trabajo describimos el sistema de corrientes en la termoclina superior (hasta los 600 m) a lo largo del talud continental entre Cabo Verde y las Islas Canarias utilizando datos hidrográficos, de velocidad y de boyas de deriva obtenidos durante una campaña realizada en noviembre de 2008. La principal característica de la región es el Frente de Cabo Verde (Cape Verde Frontal Zone, CVFZ), que separa aguas de origen tropical (meridional) y subtropical (septentrional). A lo largo del talud el CVFZ suele situarse al norte de Cabo Blanco, entre 22 y 23°N, pero durante la campaña observamos sobre el talud y hasta 24°N una predominancia de aguas de origen meridional. Al sur de Cabo Blanco (21.25°N) la Corriente Subsuperficial hacia el Polo (Poleward Undercurrent, PUC) se observa como un flujo bien pronunciado (de 50 km de anchura), alcanzando los 300 m de profundidad e indistinguible de la superficial Corriente de Mauritania (Mauritanian Current, MC). Al norte de Cabo Blanco, el frente de afloramiento se encuentra alejado mar adentro, lo que facilita a la PUC seguir hacia el norte a lo largo del talud. Aún así, este transporte hacia el norte de la PUC se reduce de 2.8 Sv en 18°N hasta 1.7 Sv en 24°N, con alrededor de 1 Sv recirculando mar adentro justo al sur de Cabo Blanco, en coincidencia con las trayectorias de los derivadores subsuperficiales. Al sur del CVFZ se observa una marcada transición termohalina en σϴ=26.85. Esta transición indica el límite inferior de la relativamente pura (poco salada y rica en oxígeno) variedad de masa de agua Central Suratlántica (South Atlantic Central Water, SACW), la cual coexiste con la localmente dominante y diluida (más salada debido a la mezcla con NACW pero pobre en oxígeno por una intensificación de la remineralización) variedad de Cabo Verde (SACWcv). A 16°N alrededor del 70% del agua transportada por la PUC corresponde a SACW mientras que a 24°N se ha transformado en un 40% de SACWcv. En cambio, entre Cabo Verde y Cabo Blanco y en la capa 26.85 < σϴ < 27.1, medimos un transporte de SACWcv hacia el sur de hasta 0.8 Sv. Estos resultados apoyan firmemente la idea de que el sistema de corrientes de talud desempeña un papel esencial en el intercambio de masas de agua entre los regímenes tropical y subtropical.

II Encuentro de la Oceanografía Física Española (EOF): Conociendo los mares para el beneficio de la sociedad, 14-16 de noviembre de 2012, Madrid

European Geosciences Union General Assembly 22-27 April 2012, Vienna, Austria.-- 1 page, The highly variable circulation in the northeastern tropical Atlantic is poorly understood. The region is dominated by the Cape Verde Frontal Zone, a dynamic barrier between the southwestward flowing of North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) and the stagnant and weakly ventilated area laid south and occupied by South Atlantic Central Water (SACW). This southern area, also called Shadow Zone, displays minimum values of oxygen content. In this study we use data from an hydrographic (CTD-O2-ADCP) section forming a closed volume located in the northern part of the Shadow Zone (nSZ). Our objective is to quantify the mass and oxygen fluxes in order to explore how water mass renovation takes place. The results of a ROMS numerical model simulation are used to analyse the seasonal variability. A cyclonic circulation of some 5-7 Sv is observed between the Cape Verde Archipelago and the African continent, distinguishing 2.8 Sv flowing northward along the slope as the Poleward Undercurrent (PUC). We find substantial water mass exchange across the whole frontal zone, with 1.7 Sv of SACW surpassing 24ºN along the slope. We explore the significance of the abrupt thermohaline transition typically observed at sigma 26.8, characterized by a salinity minimum, and its relation with the absolute oxygen minimum located at density levels just below. Our results suggest that this salinity minimum coincides with the deepest extent of the tropical zonal jets, thus preventing the direct renovation of the underlying waters

Laser tests on a power operational amplifier were performed to investigate its sensitivity to single event transients. These tests apparently point out to this device being quite insensitive to single event transients so it would become a good candidate to develop power systems to be used in radiation environments.

En este artículo, se describe un sistema que permite emular por medio de un láser los transitorios que pueden producir los rayos cósmicos en los componentes electrónicos. En particular, el sistema está adaptado para examinar componentes analógicos. Este sistema controla un osciloscopio digital conectado a la salida del dispositivo, que sitúa el láser en un punto específico del circuito integrado, y que almacena el transitorio observado en el dispositivo para realizar un posterior estudio estadístico. Este sistema ha sido utilizado para conocer los transitorios que pueden aparecer en un amplificador operacional (LM124) y un comparador de tensión (LM111).

This study reports the degrees of approval for different aggressive acts in a number of instrumental and emotional situations. A nationally-adapted version of the Lagerspetz and Westman questionnaire [1] was administered to 332 university students of both sexes in Spain and Hong Kong. Respondents had to indicate levels of justification of several aggressive acts of different quality and intensity in the context of different social justifications. Our results replicated the general findings of previous research in other cultures: in both samples, more drastic forms of aggression (e.g., killing, torture) were less accepted than non-dangerous forms of such behavior (e.g., hindering, being ironic); aggressive acts more socially justified (in terms of protection of self or other) were clearly more accepted than others with no such justification (problems of communication); and instrumental-motivated aggression was higher justified than emotional-motivated aggression. Some differences in the level of acceptance according to the sex of the participants were found: women were more prone to a higher acceptance of acts and situations more related to emotion. Although both sexes justified aggression in a higher degree for instrumentally motivated situations than for emotional ones, males showed a higher acceptance than females for instrumental situations and a lower one than females for emotional ones. There were also some minor culturally bound differences in these attitudes: Spaniards accepted less than HK students aggression in emotional situations, specially for the cases of punishment and lack of communication, but more emotional acts, such as rage and shouting. Thus, patterns of moral approval of various kinds of aggressive acts are in a large part common to both cultures. Findings also confirmed a two-factor solution and the respective predictive power of justifications for aggression in instrumental vs. emotional motivated situations. The reliability and validity of this brief self-report have been further established by the present study, paving the way for future studies to measure instrumental and emotional aggression.

El síndrome Williams (SW) es una de las enfermedades raras o infrecuentes. Tiene una incidencia de un caso cada 20.000 nacimientos vivos. Se trata de una alteración genética, localizada en el cromosoma 7 (banda 7q11.23), en el 99% de los casos. La alteración genética afecta el desarrollo y el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central. Esta enfermedad no tiene cura pero se pueden suavizar los síntomas cognitivos, emocionales y sociales. El SW ocurre casi en exclusividad en niñas y de forma excepcional en niños. Los estudios epidemiológicos indican que está presente en todas las etnias, lenguas y culturas. El rango más llamativo de las personas con SW es la discrepancia entre el funcionamiento intelectual general (retraso leve o moderado) acompañado de unas habilidades lingüísticas sobresalientes, muy superiores a lo esperado para su edad cronológica y mental. En un porcentaje alto de casos se observa problemas cardiacos, endocrinos, alteraciones del sueño, hiperacusia selectiva y alteraciones en la cognición espacial.

I Encuentro de la Oceanografía Física Española (EOF), 13-15 de octubre 2010, Barcelona, We describe the structure and transport by the upper North Brazil Current (NBC), from the surface down to 500 meter, on the basis of the analysis of the data collected during the MOC2‐Equatorial oceanographic cruise (April‐May 2010). Three sections perpendicular to the coast, from the deep ocean to the continental slope, allow us to study the variation of the NBC along its way to the northern hemisphere. The southern section (5°S) is 300 nautical miles long while the central (0°) and northern transects are about 200 nautical miles each. These data is completed and compared with the ship’s Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data, trajectories from several instrumented subsurface drifters dragged at 100 m, sea surface height altimetry data, sea surface pressure, surface winds, conductivitytemperature‐ depth profiles and velocities inferred from ARGO buoys’ trajectories, and the output from the SODA numerical model. Our results show that the interaction of the NBC with the equatorial zonal jets has great influence on the meridional changes in the NBC northward water transport. We also use ocean colour images to explore the interaction between the NBC and the Amazon River plume, which contributes to the NBC retroflection. Finally, we use an ADCP section over the continental platform near our northernmost section, together with data coming from one of the subsurface drifters, to estimate what fraction of the NBC flows over the continental platform

I Encuentro de la Oceanografía Física Española (EOF), 13-15 de octubre 2010, Barcelona, The region south of the Cape Verde Frontal Zone (CVFZ) is known as the “shadow zone” of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, as it is not reached by central waters of northern origin and the dominant flow pattern is thought to be recirculation around the Guinea Dome. North of the front, newly subducted North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) flows southwestward within the eastern boundary current system before turning west as the North Equatorial Current, while south of the front quasi‐stagnant and old South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) occupies the upper thermocline. T/S diagrams from historical observations east of Cape Verde Islands actually show the co‐existence of this older SACW with a fresher and more oxygenated variety at subsurface depths, between 150 and 300 m. This new variety has characteristics much closer to tropical waters southwest of the Guinea Dome. During the CANOA08 cruise, carried out in November 2008 on board the R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa, we took Conductivity‐Temperature‐Depth‐Oxygen and Lowered‐Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements in the CVFZ region which show the northward penetration of this relatively fresh and oxygenated SACW variety. We use these data, together with data from a transatlantic section along 7.5°N obtained during a May 2010 R/V Hesperides cruise, to show that the western tropical Atlantic is the probable origin of this SACW variety, likely advected by the North Equatorial Counter Current into the eastern Tropical North Atlantic. This water mass shows oxygen values higher than the predominant waters in the shadow zone, so its penetration seems to be an essential mechanism for tropical ventilation and oxygen supply to the region

Pelegrí, Josep Lluís ... et al.-- I Encuentro de la Oceanografía Física Española (EOF), 13-15 de octubre 2010, Barcelona, In April‐May 2010 the BIO Hespérides carried out a transatlantic section along 7.5°N. The hydrographic stations had a spatial resolution of half a degree in the western Atlantic, until the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, and about one degree in the eastern margin. In the eastern Atlantic, 2000‐m expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) were launched to improve the resolution, and in both ocean lateral boundaries the resolution was substantially improved, up to 10 nm over the slope. The hydrographic stations included a conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) probe with temperature, salinity, pressure, fluorescence, and dissolved oxygen continuous measurements, and a Rosette with 12 litre Niskin bottles to take water samples at standard depths, used for several analyses, including inorganic nutrient measurements and oxygen‐salinity calibration. Additionally, the upper‐ocean velocities were directly measured with the ship‐mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) down to about 500 m with good quality data, and the velocities at all depths were obtained with a Lowered‐ADCP (L‐ADCP) that was deployed with the Rosette‐CTD system. Here we report on the spatial distribution of these properties and present a preliminary distribution of the velocity and property fluxes. The measured velocity field is also reconstructed from the density field using an inverse geostrophic model with wind‐induced Ekman transport in the surface mixed layer and a reference velocity, so that the adjustment to the ADCP and L‐ADCP measurements is maximized. This allows us to determine the baroclinic, barotropic and wind‐induced velocity contributions. The property fluxes are finally calculated simply as the product of velocity and property concentration

Objetivo: A propósito de un caso de cáncer de células renales (CCR) de aparición de novo en un injerto renal funcionante se presenta la cirugía conservadora del cáncer renal como alternativa terapéutica. Métodos/Resultados: Se realiza la descripción de un caso de CCR de aparición de novo en un injerto renal funcionante después de un periodo de latencia de 51 meses. Se practicó tumorectomía con margen de parénquima sano y base libre de afectación tumoral. El diagnóstico histopatológico definitivo fue un carcinoma papilar renal tipo I, grado 2 de Fuhrman, estadio I con márgenes sin afectación tumoral. No existieron complicaciones postoperatorias, y no se modificó la inmunosupresión. En el seguimiento a casi tres años no hay evidencia de recidiva tumoral, manteniéndose una adecuada función renal. Conclusiones: El CCR del injerto renal es poco frecuente. La cirugía conservadora del CCR en pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados puede ser una técnica segura y efectiva cuando éste asienta en un injerto renal funcionante, proporcionando un correcto control oncológico y manteniendo una adecuada función renal, evitando la trasplantectomía y la necesidad de hemodiálisis. Objective: We present nephron sparing renal surgery as a therapeutic option for the conservative treatment of renal cancer by reporting one case of de novo renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presenting in a functioning renal graft. Methods/Results: We describe one case of de novo RCC presenting in a functioning renal graft 51 months after transplantation. Tumorectomy was carried out with a margin of normal parenchyma and the base was free of tumor. Definitive pathologic study showed type I papillary renal cell carcinoma, Fuhrman grade 2, pathological stage I with free margins. There were not post operative complications and immunosuppression therapy was not modified. After almost three years of follow-up there is no evidence of tumor recurrence and an adequate renal function. Conclusions: Renal graft RCC is rare. Conservative surgery in selected patients may be a safe and effective technique when the tumor appears in a functioning graft, because it offers good oncological control and preserves renal function, avoiding transplant nephrectomy and the need of haemodialysis.

Objetivo: Análisis evolutivo de los trasplantes renales realizados con órganos procedentes de donantes infantiles implantados en bloque a receptores adultos. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de 73 trasplantes renales en bloque y 497 trasplantes adultos realizados en nuestro centro entre 1990 y 2004. El seguimiento medio fue de 50,23 meses (10,18-89,05 meses). Todos los pacientes recibieron la misma terapia inmunosupresora, si bien ésta evolucionó con el tiempo. Resultados: Se objetivaron diferencias en cuanto a la no función y la disfunción inicial del injerto que fueron mayores en los bloques pediátricos y los trasplantes adultos, respectivamente. Los bloques ocasionan mejor función renal y menor proteinuria. Las supervivencias del paciente y del injerto fueron similares en ambos grupos. Las supervivencias del injerto al año y 5 años fueron del 83,56 % y 81,47 % en los trasplantes de riñones infantiles en bloque; y del 91,50 % y 86,99 % en los trasplantes de riñones procedentes de donantes adultos. Las complicaciones vasculares son la causa más común de pérdida del injerto en bloque. Conclusiones: Los bloques pediátricos presentan una excelente supervivencia y función a medio y largo plazo. Las complicaciones vasculares representan la principal causa de pérdida del injerto pediátrico. La adopción de un programa de trasplante infantil en bloque permite aumentar la actividad trasplantadora. Objectives: Analysis of all pediatric donor en bloc transplants to adult receptors performed in our department. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 73 en bloc kidney transplants and 497 adult transplants performed in our centre from 1990 to 2004. Mean follow-up was 50.23 months (10.18-89.05 months). All patients received the same immunosuppression, although it evolved with time. Results: There were significant differences in terms of nonfunctioning kidneys and delayed graft function, more frequent in pediatric en bloc and adult transplants, respectively. Pediatric kidneys provided better renal function and less proteinuria. Patient and graft survivals were similar in both groups. One and five-year graft survivals were 83.56% and 81.47% for pediatric donor kidneys, and 91.50% and 86.99% for adult donor kidneys. Vascular complications were the most frequent cause of graft loss for the en bloc transplants. Conclusions: Pediatric donor en bloc transplants have an excellent survival and function in the middle and long-term. Vascular complications are the main cause of pediatric donor graft loss. The adoption of a pediatric donor en bloc transplant program increases the transplant activity.