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Infective endocarditis (IE) marks an increasing morbidity and unchanged mortality despite advances in its diagnosis and treatment. In about 20% of IE cases are acute, with signs of sepsis and septic shock. Septic shock dramatically worsens prognosis and is an independent predictor of in – hospital death. Timely diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention can improve survival in these patients. We present a case of a 47-year-old man, with no history of past or concomitant diseases, who was admitted as an emergency to the Cardiology Intensive Care Unit, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with pronounced febrile-intoxication syndrome, shortness of breath, precordial discomfort and pain, cough, haemoptysis. From laboratory studies with a pronounced infl ammatory constellation, troponin I and D-dimers are also increased. This case shows the diffi culties in the diagnosis of acute IE, the specifi cs in the clinical course of the disease, as well as the importance of urgent surgical intervention to improve survival.

According to the mode of acquisition, infective endocarditis (IE) is classifi ed as community-acquired (CAIE), healthcareassociated (HAIE), and injection drug use–related IE (IDUIE). At this stage, there are no data for Bulgaria for these three groups of patients. Objective: We set ourselves the goal of investigating IE according to the mode of acquisition and to make a clinical-instrumental characterization of the groups. Material and methods: The study is single-center, retrospective and includes 270 patients treated at the UMHAT “Sveti Georgi” – Plovdiv for the period 01.2005-12. 2021. Results: Patients with CAIE were 64.8% (175), with HAIE 26.7% (72) and with IDUIE 8.5% (23). Patients with IDUIE are younger compared to the other two groups (33; 8 years) (p = 0.000), with low comorbidity (CCI – 1, IQR – 1; p = 0.000), with most frequent right-sided involvement (p < 0.001) and with the most common causative agent being Staphylococcus aureus (p < 0.01). Patients with HAIE were the oldest (69; 18 years;), with the most comorbidity (CCI – 4; IQR – 3), with no signifi cant difference with CAIE (66; 20 years; and CCI – 3; IQR – 3). The large proportion of portal of entry for them were manipulations/ procedures (62.5%) and hemodialysis (18.1%), with Enterococci being the most common causative agent (19.5%, p = 0.001). In-hospital mortality and early surgical intervention were without signifi cant difference in the three groups. Conclusion: Knowledge of the three groups of IE according to the mode of acquisition – CAIE, HAIE and IDUIE and their characteristics is important for the choice of initial empiric antibiotic treatment and for improvement of prevention.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infl ammatory disease of the endocardium of the heart affecting heart valves (native or prosthetic) and, in the last few decades, also available intracardiac permanent devices or catheters. Despite technological progress and accumulated experience, this disease continues to be a huge challenge for doctors in terms of diagnosis, treatment and improvement of survival. The clinical picture is atypical and heterogeneous, with different clinical "masks" of other diseases – infectious, oncological, hematological, rheumatological, neurological, etc. Embolic complications are often the fi rst manifestation of the disease and are most often cerebral. We present a clinical case of a 29-year-old woman with acute neurological symptoms as a fi rst manifestation of IE. This case refl ects the atypical clinical presentation of the disease, the importance of new imaging modalities for the precise diagnosis of neurological complications, and the decision on the timing of operative intervention when indicated. The question of IE prophylaxis in moderate-risk patients, such as those with mitral valve prolapse and bicuspid aortic valve, remains open.

Let $\boldsymbol\Lambda_3(\mathbb C)\,(=\mathbb C^{27})$ be the space of structure vectors of $3$-dimensional algebras over $\mathbb C$ considered as a $G$-module via the action of $G={\rm GL}(3,\mathbb C)$ on $\boldsymbol\Lambda_3(\mathbb C)$ `by change of basis'. We determine the complete degeneration picture inside the algebraic subset $\mathcal A^s_3$ of $\boldsymbol\Lambda_3(\mathbb C)$ consisting of associative algebra structures via the corresponding information on the algebraic subsets $\mathcal L_3$ and $\mathcal J_3$ of $\boldsymbol\Lambda_3(\mathbb C)$ of Lie and Jordan algebra structures respectively. This is achieved with the help of certain $G$-module endomorphisms $\phi_1$, $\phi_2$ of $\boldsymbol\Lambda_3(\mathbb C)$ which map $\mathcal A^s_3$ onto algebraic subsets of $\mathcal L_3$ and $\mathcal J_3$ respectively.

Modern economy conditions are so-called Industry 4.0 affected all the sphere as of humans’ life. One of the main among them is retail. Retail is a last link between manufacturer and consumer which gain profit for all the supply chain. Technological development became a key factor to succeed nowadays but today global economy is slouching through the recession during COVID 19 pandemia and there are many thoughts about the future of retail. As a pioneer of digital transformation, retail already has been adapting to modern clients’ queries and transition to e-commerce or mobile commerce. But not even e-commerce is a key factor to overcome difficulties. The main goal of the study is to analyze innovative models and technologies in retail and an experience of the most efficient implementation models worldwide.

The article describes the approaches and features of classification of forests, habitats and vegetation at the Pan-European level on the example of the classification of European forest types (EFT), the EUNIS habitat classification and the Europe vegetation classification created by the phytosociologists of the European Vegetation Survey (EVS). The forest type in the EFT classification is a large forest vegetation unit distinguished within biogeographic regions by the similarity of forest site conditions, structure and productivity of the plantation, and the degree of anthropogenic transformation of forests. Accounting for the successional dynamics of forest biogeocoenosis is worked out at the theoretical level, in practice, the accounting is possible due to the information obtained from the EUNIS habitat classification, which is linked to the EVS classification by cross-references. The EUNIS classification is a Pan-European reference set of habitat units. It was created using the results of previous large-scale studies in Europe, which resulted in the creation of a number of classifications of biotopes, soil cover and marine habitats. The EVS classification is a comprehensive hierarchical syntaxonomic system of unions, orders and classes of Brown-Blanquet syntaxonomy for vascular plants, mosses, lichens and algae native to Europe. The great advantage of the EFT classification is the inclusion of anthropogenic impacts among the key diagnostic features of a forest type, which are defined by assessing the degree of naturalness of forests, the number of forest species, the type and intensity of anthropogenic impacts. The strength of the EFT classification is to establish cross-links with other forest type classification systems used both within national forest inventory systems and at the EU level. The use of the Braun-Blanquet ecological and floristic approach implemented in the classification of phytosociological alliances makes it possible to conduct a detailed ecological analysis and taking into account not only the stand productivity, but also the level of stand biodiversity, which makes the classification more useful for scientific research and nature preservation. Рассмотрены классификации лесов, местообитаний и растительности на общеевропейском уровне на примере классификации европейских типов леса (EFT), классификации местообитаний EUNIS и созданной фитосоциологами Европейского обследования растительности (EVS) классификации растительности Европы. Тип леса в EFT - крупная единица лесной растительности, выделяемая в пределах биогеографических регионов по общности лесорастительных условий, структуре и продуктивности насаждения, степени антропогенной трансформации. Учет сукцессионной динамики лесных биогеоценозов прорабатывается на теоретическом уровне. Практически учет возможен за счет информации из классификации местообитаний EUNIS, которая связана с классификацией EVS кросс-ссылками. Классификация EUNIS представляет собой общеевропейский эталонный набор единиц местообитаний. При ее создании были использованы результаты предыдущих масштабных исследований, завершившихся созданием ряда классификаций биотопов, почвенного покрова и морских местообитаний. Классификация EVS - это всеобъемлющая иерархическая синтаксономическая система союзов, порядков и классов синтаксономии Брауна-Бланке для произрастающих в Европе сосудистых растений, мхов, лишайников и водорослей. Достоинствами EFT являются включение антропогенных воздействий в число ключевых диагностических признаков типа леса, которые оцениваются за счет выявления степени натуральности лесов, количества лесных видов, характера и интенсивности антропогенного воздействия; наличие перекрестных связей с другими системами классификации растительности, местообитаний и типов леса, применяемыми как в рамках национальных систем инвентаризации лесов, так и на уровне ЕС. Использование реализованного в классификации фитоценологических альянсов, в настоящее время известной под названием EVS, эколого-флористического подхода Браун-Бланке дает возможность проведения детального экологического анализа, учета не только продуктивности древостоя, но и уровня биоразнообразия в нем, что делает классификацию более полезной для научных исследований и охраны природы.

Processes of digitalization, increasing amount of data (and big data) offered by technologies have pushed people and businesses to break through towards the fourth industrial transformation. That started to change some business processes in the transport logistics area due to estimating and optimizing the efficiency of whole value chain clearer. The article examines the transition to ecosystem-based development by means of combination of the mathematical models, routing algorithms and calculation algorithms for cargo flows in transport-terminal road-air-sea-railways networks of multimodal transport operators during transformation period with virtual services., Процессы цифровизации, увеличение объема данных (и больших данных), в следствие развития технологий, подтолкнули людей и бизнес к четвертой промышленной трансформации. Эти события привели к изменению некоторых бизнес-процессов в области транспортной логистики за счет более четкой оценки и оптимизации эффективности всей цепочки формирования стоимости. В статье рассматривается переход к экосистемному развитию путем сочетания математических моделей, алгоритмов маршрутизации и алгоритмов расчетов грузопотоков в транспортно-терминальных автомобильно-воздушно-морских-железнодорожных сетях операторов мультимодальных перевозок с виртуальными сервисами в период трансформации.

This study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No 20-33-90296\20).

Due to global climate change and increased forest transformation by humans, accounting for the dynamics of forest ecosystems is becoming a central problem in forestry. We reviewed the success of considering vegetation dynamics in the most influential ecological forest classifications in Russia, the European Union, and North America. Out of the variety of approaches to forest classification, only those that are widely used in forestry and forest inventory were selected. It was found that the system of diagnostic signs developed by genetic forest typology based on the time-stable characteristics of habitats as well as the developed concept of dynamic series of cenosis formation allows us to successfully take into account the dynamics of vegetation. While forest dynamics in European classifications is assessed at a theoretical level, it is also possible to assess forest dynamics in practice due to information obtained from EUNIS habitat classification. In ecological classifications in North America, the problem of vegetation dynamics is most fully solved with ecological site description (ESD), which includes potential vegetation and disturbance factors in the classification features. In habitat type classification (HTC) and biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification (BEC), vegetation dynamics is accounted based on testing the diagnostic species and other signs of potential vegetation for resistance to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Understanding of vegetation–environment associations is fundamental in forming proper forest management methods and improving existing classification structures. We believe that this topic is relevant as part of the ongoing search for new solutions within all significant forest ecological classifications. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AUG-2021-0009, FEUG-2020-0013 Funding: This work was supported by ERASMUS (ERASMUS+ project) and the Russian Ministry for Education and Science (projects No. FEUG-2020-0013 and No. AUG-2021-0009) and within the framework of the state assignment of the Institute Botanic Garden Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences.

Raushan Auezova,1 Natalia Ivanova,2 Serik Akshulakov,1 Berik Zhetpisbaev,1 Aizhan Kozhakhmetova,1 Nurzhan Ryskeldiyev,1 Khalit Mustafin,1 Daniyar Teltayev,1 Lizette Auezova31Department of Pathology of the Central Nervous System, National Center for Neurosurgery, Astana, Kazakhstan; 2Scientific Department, Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery (a branch of Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Center), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; 3Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-II, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonBackground: Glioma patients with mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase have improved survival; this could be in part due to the suppressive effect of mutant IDH on the level of chronic inflammation. This study aimed to prospectively analyze the association of IDH1 mutation status with preoperative levels of blood inflammatory markers: neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and red cell distribution width (RDW) in gliomas.Patients and methods: Receiver operating characteristic curves for cutoff value determination, various bivariate tests, and survival analyses (Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression) were performed.Results: Patients with mutant IDH1 had reduced levels of NLR (P

The aim of the conducted research is elaboration of conceptual statements and formulation of practical recommendations aimed at development of the methodological bases of state financial support for small business. On the basis of the existing theoretical statements, discovery of essential characteristics, peculiarities and systematisation of the obtained results of the research, conceptual approaches to interpretation of the features of state financial support for small business during the coronavirus crisis have been suggested. Small business is an important component of the economic system of any country. It ensures formation of the complex structure of the market for goods and services, development of efficient competition and promotes addressing the needs of consumers in conditions of formation of their sovereignty. State financial support for small business in European countries is at different stages of development. In the EU countries, financial policy of small business regulation is an example of state intervention in the mechanism of market self-regulation in order to solve social and economic problems by changing the economic behaviorur of small enterprises. The formational process, strategic priorities of state financial support for small business in European countries and macroeconomic instruments for its implementation during the coronavirus crisis have been studied. Changes in the concern of the world community in forms of state financial support for small business have been detected. A comparative and analytical examination of the instruments for macroeconomic financial regulation, which are being used during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, has been conducted. The research shows the importance of small business in terms of solving economic and social problems of social development, outlines the situation of state financial support in the EU countries in comparison with Ukrainian small enterprises, determines the general features and differences in state regulation of entrepreneurship. The practical significance of the obtained results consists in the fact that the main scientific statements of the article can be used in practice of state and regional management of small business. Keywords: small business, state regulation, financial support, financial policy, coronavirus crisis. JEL Classification H12, D21, E61 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 12., Анотація. Метою проведеного дослідження є розроблення концептуальних положень і формулювання практичних рекомендацій, спрямованих на розвиток методологічних засад державної фінансової підтримки малого бізнесу. На основі наявних теоретичних положень, виявлення сутнісних характеристик, особливостей, систематизації отриманих результатів дослідження запропоновано концептуальні підходи до інтерпретації особливостей державної фінансової підтримки малого бізнесу під час коронавірусної кризи. Малий бізнес є важливою складовою економічної системи будь-якої країни, забезпечує формування складної структури ринку товарів та послуг, розвиток ефективної конкуренції та сприяє кращому задоволенню потреб споживачів в умовах становлення їхнього суверенітету. Державна фінансова підтримка малого бізнесу в європейських країнах перебуває на різних стадіях розвитку. У країнах ЄС фінансова політика регулювання малого бізнесу є прикладом втручання держави в механізм саморегулювання ринку для реалізації конкретних цілей, виконання певних завдань і розв’язання соціально-економічних проблем шляхом зміни економічної поведінки малих підприємств. Досліджено формаційний процес i стратегічні пріоритети державної фінансової підтримки малого бізнесу в європейських країнах та макроекономічний інструментарій її реалізації під час коронавірусної кризи. Виявлено зміни зацікавленості світової спільноти формами державної фінансової підтримки малого бізнесу. Проведено порівняльно-аналітичний огляд інструментарію макроекономічного фінансового регулювання, що використовуються під час пандемії Covid-19 у Європі. Дослідження розкриває важливість малого бізнесу в розв’язанні економічних і соціальних проблем суспільного розвитку, окреслює ситуацію державної фінансової підтримки у країнах ЄС порівняно з українськими малими підприємствами, визначає загальні риси та відмінності державного регулювання підприємництва. Практичне значення отриманих результатів полягає в тому, що основні наукові положення статті можна використовувати у практиці державного і регіонального управління малим бізнесом. Ключові слова: малий бізнес, державне регулювання, фінансова підтримка, фінансова політика, коронавірусна криза. Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 1; бібл.: 12.

В статье рассматриваются основные аспекты обучения студентов деловому иностранному языку на базе электронной информационно-образовательной среды с интеграцией программного продукта Rosetta Stone. In this article we discuss main aspects of studying business foreign language at University. The educational process is based on electronic information-educational system with the integration of the Rosetta Stone program.

Adaptation of plant communities is an important factor for maintaining their functioning and stability in changing conditions. The aim of our research is study of the effect of soil moisture regime on the species richness and biomass of the herb layer for old-growth coniferous forests in the Ural Mountains (Russia). The research has been carried out between 57° 00'N; 60° 15''E and 57° 05'N; 60° 25'E. The studied area is part of the Zauralsky hilly piedmont province, the Southern boreal forest region. Sample plots (0.25 hectares) were laid in pine forests growing in habitats with different moisture regimes: insufficient, optimal (stable), and excessive. The research was conducted in 2010. To determine the herb layer productivity, 10-20 subplots 1x1 m in size were laid on each sample plot. Data analysis is based on the One-way ANOVA and species abundance distributions. It has been established that species richness in extreme (insufficient and excessive soil moisture regime (Cowberry pine forest and Pine forest with shrubs and sphagnum) and optimal (stable) soil moisture regime (Multi-herb pine forest) were found to vary significantly, with soil moisture regime being a statistically significant factor. By contrast, herb layer biomass is maintained fairly stable regardless of the soil moisture regimes. ANOVA showed no significant differences between pine forests growing under different soil moisture regimes. It has been found that biomass is maintained by increasing of the dominant species contribution to the overall biomass and increasing of the approximation function graph slope. At the same time, the parameter β of exponential and power approximating functions is increased and can be considered as an indicator of influencing on forest ecosystems and a measure of their adaptation to insufficient and excessive soil moisture. Thus, species abundance distributions can be used as method to measure the effects of factors that determine forest ecosystem composition and functioning. © 2021 Nicolaus Copernicus University. All rights reserved. The work was performed within the framework of the state task of the A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (state registration no. AAAA-A18-118052590028-9) and as part of the state task of the Botanical garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 31971488.

Common envelope evolution is the most important phase in the lives of many significant classes of binary stars. During a common envelope phase, the stars temporarily share the same outer layers, with the cores of both stars orbiting inside the same common envelope. This common envelope is sometimes ejected and helps to explain the formation of a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena, including cataclysmic variables, X-ray binaries, progenitors for type Ia supernovae, and gravitational-wave mergers. Modeling common envelope evolution is a challenging problem, and this important process has typically been described in evolutionary models using very approximate treatments. This book explains the physics of common envelope evolution and relates it to the approximations that are frequently used for modeling the onset, progression, and outcome of common envelope phases.

13 pages, 5 figures, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6.-- Data availability: All available metagenomic data, bins and annotations are available through the IMG/M portal (https://img.jgi.doe.gov/). Bulk download for the 52,515 MAGs is available at https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/GEMs and https://portal.nersc.gov/GEM. Genome-scale metabolic models for the nonredundant, high-quality GEMs are summarized at https://doi.org/10.25982/53247.64/1670777 and available in KBase (https://narrative.kbase.us/#org/jgimags). IMG/M identifiers of all metagenomes binned, including detailed information for each metagenome, are available in Supplementary Table 1.-- The pipeline used to generate the metagenome bins is available at https://bitbucket.org/berkeleylab/metabat/src/master/, Publisher Correction: A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes; Nature Biotechnology 39: 520 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-00769-4, The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for streamlined comparative analyses, interactive exploration, metabolic modeling and bulk download. We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. This resource underscores the value of genome-centric approaches for revealing genomic properties of uncultivated microorganisms that affect ecosystem processes, This work was conducted by the US DOE Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility (contract no. DE-AC02–05CH11231), and used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US DOE (contract no. DE-AC02–05CH11231). This work was also supported as part of the Genomic Sciences Program DOE Systems Biology KBase (award nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-00OR22725, and DE-AC02-98CH10886).-- With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excelle

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar una hipótesis sobre la “traducción filológica” de textos literarios de mayor complejidad y probarla en el material de obras específicas. Basado en el material de los estudios de traducción rusa y extranjera, el documento formula el concepto de "traducción filológica" en el apéndice de un proyecto editorial específico dentro de la serie "Monumentos literarios" publicada por el Instituto de Literatura Mundial de la Academia de Ciencias de Rusia, y considera los aspectos prácticos más importantes del problema de la traducción adecuada de textos literarios de mayor complejidad. El análisis de la traducción de dos obras por el representante de la Nueva Novela francesa Claude Simon ilustra claramente el ejemplo de una “traducción filológica”. En el curso del estudio, los autores llegaron a la conclusión de que una traducción filológica implica una apelación a un texto que es clásico en su riqueza, complejidad y significado en la literatura mundial. El potencial comercial de traducir un texto de este tipo no es obvio y requiere que el editor renuncie a la rentabilidad a corto plazo, que el traductor renuncie al trabajo de rutina que se ajusta a un marco de tiempo predeterminado y que el lector deje de centrarse en lo no problemático (no conflicto, sin complicaciones), lineal, lectura / consumo de una sola vez del libro a favor de volver a leer / saborear.

The article conducted a thorough analysis of contemporary works of scientists dedicated to the research of regional economic development through the functioning of the clusters. The presence of a large number of scientific achievements in the world and in Ukraine on these issues is revealed, which testifies to the complexity and multidimensionality of the studied clustering process and the relevance of its further research. Further study of European experience in the sphere of clustering in this article has revealed more than fifty-year interest and intensification of practical actions in the formation cluster principle of developing European economies.For a more thorough understanding of the mechanism of introduction and development of the cluster principle of different European countries, the article analyzed cluster experience in such ones as Italy, Austria, Denmark, Finland, France and their peculiarities. In particular, the driving factors and prerequisites of clustering are clarified; Measures, which contributed to the development of clusters, the concepts of clusters, features of the implementation and development of the cluster model, as well as the effects and results of clustering.In the paper separately the analysis of the industry trend of the clustering industry of Western European countries was carried out, on the basis of which conclusions are made that the cluster policy should be conducted in the spheres of activity that define the perspective The region's economic specialization and has a high potential for growth and competitiveness.Based on the European experience of the formation and development of cluster structures and peculiarities of the implementation of clustering processes and the state of functioning of industry in modern conditions in Ukraine in the article proposed conceptual scheme of construction Clustering of industry in the region, which consists in sequential implementation of such stages as conducting directly clustering taking into account the existing potential of the region, its innovation, investment and other resources; Development of strategy for the implementation of cluster initiatives; Monitoring, regulation and control over the cluster activities. At the same time, positive changes in the industry of the region, in our opinion, will positively influence the intensification of innovation and investment development, inter-regional ties, promising areas of activity, improving the level of competitiveness of products and services., Исследованы основные процессы, сопровождающие функционирование кластерных структур в современных условиях, осуществлен анализ ведущих мировых тенденций и Европейского опыта применения кластерного подхода, на основе которого предложены пути активизации процессов формирования кластеров в регионах Украины. Разработана концептуальная схема создания промышленного кластера региона., Проведено ґрунтовний аналіз сучасних праць вчених, які присвячені дослідженню регіонального економічного розвитку через функціонування кластерів. З’ясовано наявність великої кількості наукових доробок в світі та в Україні з цієї проблематики, що свідчить про складність та багатоаспектність досліджуваного процесу кластеризації та актуальність його подальшого дослідження. Подальше вивчення Європейського досвіду в сфері кластеризації в даній статті виявило понад п’ятдесятирічний інтерес та активізацію практичних дій у становленні кластерного принципу розвитку економіки європейських країн. Для більш ґрунтовного розуміння механізму запровадження та розвитку кластерного принципу різних країн Європи було проведено аналіз кластерного досвіду в таких, як Італія, Австрія, Данія, Фінляндія, Франція та виявлено їх особливості. Зокрема, з’ясовано рушійні фактори та передумови кластеризації; заходи, які сприяли становленню та розвитку кластерів, прийняті концепції кластерів, особливості впровадження та розвитку кластерної моделі, а також наслідки та результати кластеризації. Проведено аналіз галузевого спрямування кластеризації промисловості західноєвропейських країн, на основі якого зроблено висновки про те, що кластерна політика повинна проводитися в сферах діяльності, що визначають перспективну спеціалізацію економіки регіону і мають високий потенціал зростання і конкурентоспроможності. На основі Європейського досвіду щодо формування та розвитку кластерних структур та особливостей впровадження процесів кластеризації та стану функціонування промисловості в сучасних умовах в Україні запропоновано концептуальну схему побудови кластеризації промисловості регіону, яка полягає в послідовному виконанні таких етапів як проведення безпосередньо кластеризації з врахуванням наявного потенціалу регіону, його інноваційних, інвестиційних та інших ресурсів; розробка стратегії з реалізації кластерних ініціатив; моніторинг, регулювання та контроль за діяльністю кластера. При цьому позитивні зрушення в промисловості регіону, на нашу думку, позитивно вплинуть на активізацію інноваційно-інвестиційного розвитку, міжрегіональних зв’язків, перспективних напрямів діяльності, підвищення рівня конкурентоспроможності продукції і послуг.

The article is devoted to the usage of information technology and different language learning programs in teaching and learning foreign languages. Using information technology for teaching and learning different types of speech activities are considered. The advantages of using information technology in University are covered. The structure and content of educational software are described in detail. Статья посвящена проблеме использования информационных технологий при обучении иностранному языку. Рассматриваются варианты использования информационных технологий при обучении. Указываются преимущества использования информационных технологий для иностранного языка. Подробно описывается структура и содержание обучающей компьютерной программы.

Comics is one of the leading branches of modern mass culture, that has a great influence on mass consciousness. From the very beginning, comics combined entertainment and information. Throughout its existence, this genre played a big role in socio-political life. This experience is relevant for many countries of the world, including Ukraine. Over the past decade, a lot of political comics have been published in Ukraine. These specific publishing products require analysis and reflection. In the process of study of American and Ukrainian political comics, the method of analysis and synthesis were used. While studying individual American and Ukrainian comics, the description method was used. In the process of research, American superhero comics (Golden Age, Silver Age, Bronze Age, modern times) and Ukrainian comics were analyzed. It was determined that this genre was used to propagate different ideas from the very beginning of its existence. It is also shown how mainstream comics can change under the influence of various socio-political phenomena. The results can be used by people who study the history of comics and by those who investigate propaganda and its influence on the mass consciousness.

The article explores the historical and cultural origins of the horror concept as a phenomenon of mass culture. The author researches the psychological background of the horror genre, as well as the historical aspects of its development. The interrelation of horror concepts, their socio-cultural meanings and forms of broadcasting in contemporary culture are analyzed. The article focuses on the works that are fundamental and significant for the culture of horror. The author also defines how the literature and cinema of this genre enrich and complement each other. The paper deals with the formation of horror literature and chronologically analyzes its historical development. The paper explains how the genre has changed and supplemented with each new creation and how its own sub-genres began to form. The author demonstrates how the genre has become increasingly popular and in demand on the market. The information on how plots and images created by literature influenced other forms of art and contributed to the integration of the horror genre into all other spheres of culture is provided. The films that were created on the basis of horror literature or on its motives are considered. The reverse phenomenon has been studied when authors of literature are inspired by cinematic plots. The article analyzes how, thanks to Hollywood's interest, the genre has become a cultural phenomenon and popularized the archetypal characters used in the genre. The author also mentions other areas in which the horror genre is firmly entrenched, such as computer games and visual arts. The results of the study can be used in scientific works related to cultural studies, psychology, history of literature, mass communications and publishing.

The article describes the main trends in publishing strategies of the “Herda” publishing house in Dnipro, related to the creation of both individual books and book series, as well as forms and methods of promotion and marketing of publishing products. In a brief overview of the history and establishment of the publishing house the main directions of modern activities of “Herda”, search for ways of improvement and ways to make the products more attractive are outlined. The creative endeavors of the publishing team resulted in the development of thematic series of publications, particularly popular among book readers in the "Memory of the City" series, which contains little-known and extremely interesting information about the life and work of prominent people who were born or lived in Dnipro, about the historic buildings of our city and the history of their construction. Having considered the main directions of the development and current priorities of the “Herda” publishing house, we can conclude that the house is on the rise. The staff of the company makes great efforts to diversify its products, find new authors, create new and attractive book production. It would seem that there is nothing extraordinary in the use of non-standard foldout pages, spreads, printing of covers with a valve, bookmark ribbons, but the people from “Herda” truly believe that there can be no small things when it comes to the art of creating a book, therefore, they do their best in order not to disappoint their sympathizers and readers.

The article is devoted to the formation of new media. The analysis of infotainment programs of the Ukrainian segment of YouTube video hosting is presented. As an example of such programs, the shows “Evening with Yanina Sokolova” and “Toronto Television” were analyzed. The article provides a comparative analysis of editorial approaches to creating programs on YouTube and on television. The issue of transition of professional journalists to alternative platforms on the Internet is considered. In the course of studying, the method of content analysis of Ukrainian programs was used. A comparative method for comparison of approaches and editorial models of content creation on YouTube was used. With the transition of professional journalists to YouTube, modern journalism is transforming to some extent. On their own channel, journalists have an opportunity not to limit themselves to conditional frames, censorship, stop lists, timing, topics, etc. They have the possibility to rely mainly on their own moral standards and principles and not depend on editorial policy, as it is the case of traditional forms of mass media. In recent years Ukrainian programs on YouTube have improved their quality. Professional projects are being created with the involvement of a large number of people: cameramen, directors, presenters, editors and others. Ukrainian programs are characterized by a combination of different discourses, parody and analytics, comical and serious. They perform both entertaining and informational functions. The analysis of content on YouTube has been of interest to scientists for several years. However, there is little research on the Ukrainian segment, since the Ukrainian YouTube has been developing qualitatively only in the last few years, and such popular programs as “Evening with Yanina Sokolova” appeared recently and have not been analyzed before. The work is of practical importance for researchers of new media, YouTube and online journalism. The article can be used by students in order to write diploma and term papers.

The efficacy of ustekinumab, an antagonist of the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, as induction and maintenance therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis is unknown.We evaluated ustekinumab as 8-week induction therapy and 44-week maintenance therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. A total of 961 patients were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous induction dose of ustekinumab (either 130 mg [320 patients] or a weight-range-based dose that approximated 6 mg per kilogram of body weight [322]) or placebo (319). Patients who had a response to induction therapy 8 weeks after administration of intravenous ustekinumab were randomly assigned again to receive subcutaneous maintenance injections of 90 mg of ustekinumab (either every 12 weeks [172 patients] or every 8 weeks [176]) or placebo (175). The primary end point in the induction trial (week 8) and the maintenance trial (week 44) was clinical remission (defined as a total score of ≤2 on the Mayo scale [range, 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating more severe disease] and no subscore1 [range, 0 to 3] on any of the four Mayo scale components).The percentage of patients who had clinical remission at week 8 among patients who received intravenous ustekinumab at a dose of 130 mg (15.6%) or 6 mg per kilogram (15.5%) was significantly higher than that among patients who received placebo (5.3%) (P0.001 for both comparisons). Among patients who had a response to induction therapy with ustekinumab and underwent a second randomization, the percentage of patients who had clinical remission at week 44 was significantly higher among patients assigned to 90 mg of subcutaneous ustekinumab every 12 weeks (38.4%) or every 8 weeks (43.8%) than among those assigned to placebo (24.0%) (P = 0.002 and P0.001, respectively). The incidence of serious adverse events with ustekinumab was similar to that with placebo. Through 52 weeks of exposure, there were two deaths (one each from acute respiratory distress syndrome and hemorrhage from esophageal varices) and seven cases of cancer (one each of prostate, colon, renal papillary, and rectal cancer and three nonmelanoma skin cancers) among 825 patients who received ustekinumab and no deaths and one case of cancer (testicular cancer) among 319 patients who received placebo.Ustekinumab was more effective than placebo for inducing and maintaining remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development; UNIFI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02407236.).

The problem of forming of socio-cultural worldview in the system of medieval thought is analyzed in the article. The author focusesthat each world characterized and described in philosophy, has not always existed, and is created by social activity, culture and creativity ofphilosophers. In their productive activity which has natural cycles, existing knowledge about the phenomena of life (gods,the being of heroes, spirit and soul, music, nature, economy, etc.) get new sound using rules, regulations and categories. They belong not just to observed phenomena but, on the one hand, to designed, constructed ideal objects, andon the other – to new reality (ideas, logos, being, everything which exists). The new reality is consciously set in parameters of the new thinking. As a result, the world becomes structured, being thought anew. It consists of forms created by thinking of social life, each of which is characterized in the context of the relevant science and philosophy. This situation author considers through the example ofthe age of theocentric philosophy, through the analysis of medieval cycle of thinking. It is qualitatively different from the ancient cycle of thinking. The transformation of thinking usually starts with changing of social, economic, political and cultural spheres of reality and with the formulation of new problems that arise during the solutionof previous ones. But the essence of the transition to the new cycle is caused primarily by systemic crisis, through which every cultureruns. The analysis of the relationship of Christian values of medieval life shows their relationship with socio-political and cultural reality. Thanks to Christianity, in the Middle Ages conversion of the reality takes place. It is built in terms of life through allegorical interpretation of events of being according to schemes of divine worldview, which shows the eternal tragedy of Christ as man and as God. Christianity as a spiritual and moral-value phenomenon has played a decisive role in the transition from ancient to medieval culture, system of thinking and of social life. Moral merits of Christian philosophy as the «religion of love» made it the way of spiritual and practical perception of the world, the true philosophy aboutwhat the true salvationis. The latter was very important for human in his everyday life, because understanding of the inner world (ie, spirituality), takes the ethical form of personal specifi city of humanity, humanity in general. Average believer from the epoch of Middle Ages to could not reach such wisdom. But this metaphorical image accurately conveys the sense of the eternal struggle of «good» and «evil», in which Christianity took part, and which was always desirable for person to participate in its sociality and thinking. This, as the author says, is humanistic and social focus of religious and philosophical thinking of the theocentric era., Здійснено аналіз проблеми формування соціальної картини світу в системі середньовічного мислення. Розкрито процес формування духовних цінностей середньовічного життя у взаємозв’язку із соціально-політичними та культурними реаліями. Розглянуто перехід від інтелектуальних трансценденцій до проблеми «добра» і «зла», що свідчить про гуманістичну спрямованість філософського знання епохи теоцентризму.

The paper analyzes the problem of anthropoesis (autopoiesis) as the process of self-creation of human. The author argues that the history of the humanitarian disciplines is «anthropoetic» because it explores the creation (production) of «human» in an individual. The idea of «anthropoesis» is a variant of interpretation of the essence of «human» because individuals become complete and complete themselves in social creativity and cultural activity. Modern discussions about human nature, consciousness and thinking have common roots – the classical philosophy and romantic life-view. They state the importance of creative thinking as anthropoesis, which exists at all levels of cognition and activity. The process of anthropoesis includes the history of mental reflection not only as hope about whom person wants and is able to become as a result of the formation, but also about whom she believes herself. The author argues that a belief as a meaning and significance of life appear thanks to the clear activity of will and of thinking. Between the process of self-creation of human and reflexive conditions of cognition, as it is indicated in the article, there is a close relationship. The idea of human self-creation as thinking reached the highest understanding in philosophy. The author focuses on the concept of «desire» («wanting», «volition»), which have been conceptualized in the period of Romanticism in the context of search of new generating bases, common to material and spiritual life forms. The process of their development depends on a person whose thinking first of all appears as an indicator of her intellectual, creative and cognitive abilities. In a particular sense, thinking person as a subject of cognition meets the specifications of a talent, has an ambition to have the title of an outstanding person. Therefore, the evolution of humanity, among other sources, is based on leadership, dominance, desire for power that can be called desire for perfection. Because of this circumstance people successfully «create» themselves as heroes, producing and sustaining myths about «great». For this images, available not only in politics but also in other spheres of social life, become purposefully «particulated». The essence of each socio-cultural phenomenon, as author indicates, whether theoretical or practical, becomes clear from the study of its history. Discovery, as well as intellectual practice, although belonging to the spiritual, also are more fully disclosed through the history and philosophy of culture as the process of creation. But thinking becomes a philosophy, after the reassessment of values. The latter is a manifestation of the concept of «will to power» and its implementation. Productive forming of thinking personality as an active subject of creative activity can occur in professional communities which can have loyal attitude to their opponents. Their task is to provide adequate attitude to problems being solved in an intellectual environment. The goal of thinking and creative individual, is a creation not of just culture, but of its meaning. Constructive role in this process plays thinking as the energy of the self-creation of personality., Здійснено аналіз антропоезису (аутопоезису) як процесу творення людиною самої себе, моделей свого буття. Показано, що історія антропоезису включає в себе історію мисленнєвої рефлексії як фактору, завдяки якому людина стає тим, ким себе вважає і ким хоче стати. Продуктивну роль в даному процесі виконує мислення в якості енергії творення особистості – головного суб’єкта соціального пізнання і діяльності.

Raushan Auezova,1 Nurzhan Ryskeldiev,1 Aidos Doskaliyev,1 Yerbol Kuanyshev,1 Berik Zhetpisbaev,1 Nurgul Aldiyarova,1 Natalia Ivanova,2 Serik Akshulakov,1 Lizette Auezova3 1Department of Pathology of the Central Nervous System, National Centre for Neurosurgery, Astana, Kazakhstan; 2Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery (a branch of Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; 3Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet count (PLT) routinely tested as part of the complete blood count are indicative of systemic inflammation. The prognostic significance of NLR and PLT in cancer was demonstrated in many studies while the role of RDW has been hardly investigated. The present study aimed to assess the association of RDW, NLR, and PLT with survival and tumor grade in glioma patients. Methods: Clinical data from 178 patients with primary gliomas treated in a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves for cutoff value determination, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, various bivariate tests, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: Patients with high RDW (≥13.95) and NLR (≥4) levels had worse overall survival (OS) (Wilcoxon test, P

The chemical composition of the replantozem in the recovery process on the reclaimed oil-polluted area was studied: pH of the soil solution, the content of oil products, chloride of ions, phosphorus, manganese, calcium, calcium, iron, aluminium, ammonium and magnesium, as well as organic matter. The activity of the proteolytic enzyme protease and cellulase in soil substrates was determined. The aim of the work was to monitor changes in the chemical composition of replantozem in the process of their self-healing. Research methods: pH of water — by inoLab 740 conductometer, organic carbon amount — by the method of determining the organic matter by the photometric method of Tyurin according to TsINAO for mineral soils, total Fe2O3, total Al2O3, MnO2, mobile forms of P2O3 phosphorus. the results showed a decrease in the concentration of petroleum products, the pH shifts in a neutral direction, a decrease in chlorides. According to these results, it is impossible to conclude the process of restoration of the site. The content of chlorides and hydrocarbons has decreased, but other indicators have not recovered, their concentrations are lower than control by half and more. Determined the activity of proteolytic enzyme protease and cellulase in soil substrates. Mathematical and statistical processing of the material. Revealed a correlation dependence of the activity of enzymes to chemical indicators. The Необходимость добавления мелиоративных мероприятий к современным этапам мелиорации была выявлена., Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Правительства ХМАО-Югры в рамках научного проекта №18-44-860005

Let $\mathfrak{h}_3$ be the Heisenberg algebra and let $\mathfrak g$ be the 3-dimensional Lie algebra having $[e_1,e_2]=e_1\,(=-[e_2,e_1])$ as its only non-zero commutation relations. We describe the closure of the orbit of a vector of structure constants corresponding to $\mathfrak{h}_3$ and $\mathfrak g$ respectively as an algebraic set giving in each case a set of polynomials for which the orbit closure is the set of common zeros. Working over an arbitrary infinite field, this description enables us to give an alternative way, using the definition of an irreducible algebraic set, of obtaining all degenerations of $\mathfrak{h}_3$ and $\mathfrak g$ (the degeneration from $\mathfrak g$ to $\mathfrak{h}_3$ being one of them). 16 84 99

The article considers application features of information and communication technologies and programs for distant learning of foreign languages based on Rosetta Stone В статье рассматриваются различные особенности применения информационно-коммуникационных технологий и программ для изучения иностранных языков на примере Rosetta Stone

The article is devoted to the experience of conducting webinars for the implementation of programs of additional professional training of doctors at the Department of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases with a course of physiotherapy, exercise therapy and sports medicine of USMU. The main advantages of webinars over traditional forms of teaching are shown, among which the expansion of the geography of the contingent of students is important. The conditions for the successful application of telecommunication technologies in the educational process are given. Рассмотрен опыт проведения вебинаров для реализации программ дополнительного профессионального обучения врачей на кафедре гигиены и профессиональных болезней с курсом физиотерапии, ЛФК и спортивной медицины УГМУ. Показаны основные преимущества вебинаров перед традиционными формами преподавания, в частности расширение географии контингента слушателей. Приведены условия успешного применения телекоммуникационных технологий в образовательном процессе.

Рассматривается предпринимательская и благотворительная деятельность династии Грибушиных на Урале, анализируется информативность и достоверность краеведческих источников, приводятся примеры наиболее значительных пожертвований разными представителями рода. The article shows entrepreneurship and charity by Gribushins’ merchant dynasty in the Ural, there is evaluation of informativity and authenticity of regional studies’ content. The author introduce examples of the most significant donations from different representatives of a sort of Gribushins’.

Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості медикаментозної терапії біполярного афективного розладу у жінок репродуктивного віку.Матеріал і методи. Об’єктом дослідження були 122 пацієнтки з діагнозом біполярний афективний розлад, з них 87 – з маніакальним станом, 30 – з депресивним станом, 5 – зі змішаним станом. Для діагностики використовувались: шкала для оцінки вираженості депресив­ної симптоматики, Гамільтона і шкала Монтгомері-Асберг, а також шкала оцінки важкості манії Янга. Основними інструментами для виявлення БАР були опитувальники Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) і шкала Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS).Результати. Аналіз груп пацієнток за терапевтичною відповіддю показав, що тимостабілізатори виявили найбільшу ефективність у групі БАР-М (маніакальна фаза) за 4 тижні терапії, а група БАР-Д (депресивна фаза) показала найменшу чутливість до такої терапії. А вже за 12 тижнів лікування тимостабілізаторами попереду була група БАР-Е (еутимія), без достовірної різниці з групами БАР-М та БАР-Д. Окрім цього, усі три групи показали однаковий ризик рецидиву захворювання в межах 12 тижнів після припинення прийому тимостабілізаторів.Висновки. Згідно з рекомендаціями при клінічній оцінці БАР слід окрему увагу звертати на коморбідність з іншими розладами, сімейний анамнез щодо психічних розладів, перебіг захворювання, вік пацієнта на момент дебюту, частоту зміни фаз, наявність змішаних епізодів та сезонність. Мета терапії при гострих афективних епізодах - зменшення виразності симптомів, досягнення еутимії з кінцевим досягненням повної ремісії., Цель работы - изучить особенности медикаментозной терапии биполярного аффективного расстройства у женщин репродуктивного возраста.Материал и методы. Объектом исследования были 122 пациентки с диагнозом биполярное аффективное расстройство, из них 87 - с маниакальным состоянием, 30 - с депрессивным состоянием, 5 - со смешанным состоянием. Для диагностики использовались: шкала для оценки выраженности депрессивной симптоматики, Гамильтона и шкала Монтгомери-Асберг, а также шкала оценки тяжести мании Янга. Основными инструментами для выявления БАР являются опросники Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) и шкала Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS).Результаты. Анализ групп пациенток с терапевтической ответом показал, что тимостабилизаторы обнаружили наибольшую эффективность в группе БАР-М (маниакальная фаза) за 4 недели терапии, а группа БАР-Д (депрессивная фаза) показала наименьшую чувствительность к такой терапии. А уже через 12 недель лечения тимостабилизаторами впереди была группа БАР-Э (эутимия), без достоверной разницы с группами БАР-М и БАР-Д. Кроме этого, все три группы показали одинаковый риск рецидива заболевания в пределах 12 недель после прекращения приема тимостабилизаторов.Выводы. Согласно рекомендациям при клинической оценке БАР следует особое внимание обращать на коморбидность с другими расстройствами, семейный анамнез по психическим расстройствам, течение заболевания, возраст пациента на момент дебюта, частоту смены фаз, наличие смешанных эпизодов и сезонность. Цель терапии при острых аффективных эпизодах - уменьшение выраженности симптомов, достижения эутимии с конечным достижением полной ремиссии., Objective - to study the features of the drug therapy of bipolar affective disorder in women of the reproductive age.Material and methods. The subject of the study was 122 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder: 87 - with a manic state, 30 - with a depressed state, 5 - with a mixed condition. Scale for assessing the severity of depressive symptoms, Hamilton and the Montgomery-Asberg scale, as well as the scale of assessing the severity of Yang mania were used for diagnostics. The main tools for identifying BAR are Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32), and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS).Results. An analysis of the groups of patients for a therapeutic response showed that thiometabolizers showed the highest efficacy in the BAR-M group (manic phase) for 4 weeks of therapy, and the BAR-D group (depressive phase) showed the least sensitivity to such therapy. In 12 weeks following the treatment with thimostazidors BAR-E (eutymium) was in front, without a significant difference with the groups BAR-M and BAR-D. In addition, all three groups showed the same risk of recurrence of the disease within 12 weeks after discontinuation of timosectabilizers.Conclusions. According to the recommendations in the clinical evaluation of ADH special attention should be paid to comorbidity with other disorders, family history of mental disorders, course of the disease, age of the patient at the time of the debut, frequency of phase changes, presence of mixed episodes and seasonality. The purpose of therapy in acute affective episodes is to reduce the severity of symptoms, to achieve eutymium with the ultimate achievement of complete remission.

The article presents the results of a study of perennial haymaking grass stands on the basis of Galega in the conditions of the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The cultivars of eastern goat in mixture with cereal grasses (awnless bromegrass, reed canarygrass, timothy grass) are investigated. Varieties of Galega: Gale of selection of the Estonian Research Institute of Farming and Melioration, Yubilyar and Krivich — GNU Pskov NIISH. The studied varieties are drought-resistant and frost-resistant crops, poorly affected by diseases and pests, which ensure a high economic efficiency. The aim of the research is to study haymaking grass stands on the basis of new species and varieties of leguminous and cereal grasses in single-species and mixed crops, which make it possible to obtain the greatest efficiency when used. Using Galega mixed with grasses provides a balanced on protein quality hay, signage and silage. The dry matter yield over the years of experience was 4.0–11.7 t/ha. The more concentrated Galega is marked in pure crops. In mixed herbage, the cereal component predominates over the legume. With the increase in the age of haymaking grass stands, a gradual replacement of the cereal component occurs. The leaf formation of the bean component was at a high level. More competitive in grass mixtures, according to years of experience, is the Galega variety Krivich. It has been established that in mixture with Galega, awnless bromegrass, reed canarygrass, timothy grass, contribute to improving the quality of the prepared feed. The highest productivity of Galega is noted in the wet and warm year 2017. In pure crops the yield varied 5.9–11.7 t/ha dry weight, and in mixture with cereals 5.8–9.6 t/ha. On average, over the years of experience, Galega variety Yubilyar is more productive.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of studying the peculiarities of calcium metabolism in the organism of milk cows in winter and summer feeding rations. Experimental and analytical studies were carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands at the winter and summer rations feeding cows of the black and motley breed with a productivity of 4600–5000 kg of milk. In the experiments, the methodical principle of “unity of the intergroup difference” and the presence of control animals was provided, which enabled obtaining objective comparative experimental data and reliable conclusions based on mathematical data processing using statistical computer programs. The study of the results of physiological experiments was carried out by methods of correlation and regression analysis. Correlation analysis was used to determine the interdependence of calcium content in faeces, urine, milk and in the body (balance) of animals from its content in the diet. He made it possible to reveal the general (linear) interrelations in the metabolism of the element occurring in the animal's organism during winter and summer feeding rations. The calculation of the equations of pairwise nonlinear regression showing the dependence of the content of a specific chemical element in feces, urine, milk and animal body on its consumption in feed and water allows to reveal the true form of communication, the effect of the element content factor in the diet on the chemical composition of animal products and excrement. In the experiment on milking cows (balance experiments), the peculiarities of calcium intake with food and water were established, and that the calcium of the feed was mainly excreted from the body of the cow with faeces, and from the muscles and bones by urine., {"references":["Bakanov, V. N., & Menkin, V. K. (1989). Kormlenie selskokhozyaistvennykh zhivotnykh [Feeding of agricultural animals]. Moscow, Agropromizdat, 511. (in Russian).","Grigoriev, N. G., Volkov, N. G., Vorobyov, E. S., & al. (1989). Biologicheskaya polnotsennost kormov [Biological usefulness of fodder]. Moscow, Agropromizdat, 287. (in Russian).","Degtyarev, V. P., & Kapsamun, A. D. (1999). Ispolzovanie senazha iz kozlyatnika vostochnogo v ratsionakh molochnykh korov [Use of haylage from goatskin oriental in rations of dairy cows]. In: Problemy ratsionalnogo ispolzovaniya proizvodstvenno-ekonomicheskogo potentsiala APK Tverskoi oblasti [Problems of rational use of industrial and economic potential of the agroindustrial complex of the Tver region]. Proceeding TGSHA. Tver, 201-207. (in Russian).","Kalashnikov, A. P. (1983). Biologicheskie osnovy povysheniya produktivnosti molochnogo skota [Biological foundations for increasing the productivity of dairy cattle]. Vestnik selskokhozyaistvennoi nauki, 68. (in Russian).","Kalnitsky, B. D., Kharitonova, O. V., & Kalashnik, V. I. (1989). Osobennosti mineralnogo pitaniya vysokoproduktivnykh korov [Features of mineral nutrition of highly productive cows]. In: Novoe v kormlenii vysokoproduktivnykh korov [New in feeding high-yielding cows]. Moscow, Agropromizdat, 51-59. (in Russian).","Kalnitsky, B. D. (2000). To the question of assessing the nutritional value of rations and rationing of ruminant animals. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, (1). 12-15. (in Russian).","Kapsamun, A. D., & Degtyarev, V. P. (2012). Ispolzovanie silosa iz kozlyatnika vostochnogo v ratsionakh molochnykh korov v period razdoya (1-100 dnei) [The use of silage from the eastern goat's milk in rations of dairy cows during the ripening period (1-100 days)]. In: Proceeding international conference Rekultivatsiya i ispolzovanie zalezhnykh zemel v Nechernozemnoi zone Rossii: teoriya i praktika [Reclamation and use of fallow lands in the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia: theory and practice]. Tver, GNU VNIIMZ, 41-46. (in Russian).","Kapsamun, A. D., Degtyarev, V. P., Pavlyuchik, Ye. N., & Ivanova, N. N. (2014). Silage from perennial leguminous leguminous cultures of eastern goat and clover meadow, their nutrition, eating and digestibility. In: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference Melioration and water management of the XXI century: problems and development prospects. Book 1. Tver, Tver State University, 1. 147-156. (in Russian).","Lukashik, N. A., & Tashchilin, V. A. (1970). Zootechnical analysis of feeds. Moscow, 78-85. (in Russian).","Plokhinsky, N. A. (1970). Biometrics. Moscow, MGU, 342. (in Russian).","Popov, I. S., Dmitrochenko, A. P., & Krylov, V. M. (1975). Protein nutrition of animals. Moscow, Kolos, 28-33. (in Russian).","Tomme. M. F. (1969). Methods for determining the digestibility of feed and rations. Moscow, 31. (in Russian)."]}

At present, cultivation of new species and varieties of perennial herbaceous plants in the mixed cropping is important in the field forage production. The article presents the main results of a number of field experiments conducted in different years on the agroecological training ground of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands. It is revealed that the use of modern species and varieties of perennial herbaceous plants with high adaptive properties in herbaceous plant mixtures promotes an increase in the dry mass yield from a unit area to 10.0 t/ha dry weight, due to the wider use of bioclimatic conditions of the cultivation zone. The most highly productive herbaceous plant mixtures of haymaking use are determined, species compositions of fodder mixtures are shown, which have stable productivity by years of use and sustainable adaptability to growing conditions. The indicators of heat and moisture supply during the research on drained lands of the Non-Chernozem zone are given. Observations showed that early–maturing clovers begin to grow from the middle of April and are actively growing due to the use of spring moisture reserves in the root layer of the soil, blooming in the second half of June, which allows them to form two cuttings per season. The compound feeds were characterized by high productivity at the first mowing in the phase of the beginning of budding, which during the years of research was in the range of 4.0–6.7 t/ha dry weight, with secondary mowing the productivity is lower — 1.4–4.6 t/ha. It is recommended to use two bean components in the legume-grass herbaceous plant mixtures — a Red clover and more long–term culture — Medicago × varia, which increases the duration of use of mixtures to five and more years with stable performance. In the experiment 2, three–component agrocenoses, on an average over five years of use, formed the mixture performance with two cuttings clovers 6,6–8,2 t/ha, with one cuttings clovers — 4,3–5,4 t/ha dry weight. The yield of the dry weight of binary herbaceous plant mixtures of experiment 1 averaged over three years of use of mixtures with two cuttings — 4.7–6.5 t/ha, with one cutting — 4.1–5.1 t/ha., {"references":["Kosolapov, V. M., Pilipko, S. V., & Kostenko, S. I. (2015). New sorts of forage crops - a pledge of successful development of fodder production. Achievements of science and technology of agroindustrial complex, (4). 35-37.","Pavlyuchik, E. N., Kapsamun, A. D., & Silina, O. S. (2012). Introduction to fodder production of modern species and varieties of forage grasses. Ecological state of the natural environment and scientific and practical aspects of modern meliorative technologies: Sat. sci. tr. Ryazan, Meshchersky branch of the GNU VNIIGIM, 139-142.","Pavlyuchik, Ye. N., Kapsamun, A. D., & Silina, O. S. (2014). Comparative evaluation of the forage productivity of perennial grass mixtures on the drained lands of the Non-Black Earth Region of Russia. Prospects of World Science - 2014. (8). 17-20.","Pavlyuchik, E. N., Kapsamun, A. D., Silina, O. S., Epifanova, N. A. (2016). Bioproductivity of legume-grass grass for three years of use on the drained lands of the Non-Black Earth Region. Actual scientific research in the field of land reclamation. Mat. Int. scientific-practical. Conf. young scientists and specialists. Rostov: Russian Research Institute of Melioration Problems. 75-80."]}

© 2018 Beukes, Palmer, Manyaka, Chan, Avontuur, van Zyl, Huntemann, Clum, Pillay, Palaniappan, Varghese, Mikhailova, Stamatis, Reddy, Daum, Shapiro, Markowitz, Ivanova, Kyrpides, Woyke, Blom, Whitman, Venter and Steenkamp. A corrigendum on Genome Data Provides High Support for Generic Boundaries in Burkholderia Sensu Lato by Beukes, C. W., Palmer, M., Manyaka, P., Chan, W. Y., Avontuur, J. R., van Zyl, E., et al. (2017) Front. Microbiol. 8:1154. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01154. In the original article, there was a spelling mistake in a species name contained in Table 3 as published. As the information in this table is required for validation of the novel species combinations, this mistake has been corrected from "Caballeronia ptereocthonis comb. nov." to "Caballeronia ptereochthonis comb. nov." and "Burkholderia ptereocthonis" to "Burkholderia ptereochthonis". The corrected Table 3 appears below. TABLE 3: Table 3. Summary of the novel combinations proposed for 13 species of Caballeronia. Also, an additional section titled "Description of New Species Combinations" was added to the original article. The section contains a short protologue for each proposed novel combination to conform to the rules of the Bacterial Code of Nomenclature. The protologues appear below. The authors apologize for this error. The original article has been updated. Description of New Species Combinations. Description of Caballeronia arvi comb. nov. Caballeronia arvi (ar'vi. L. gen. n. arvi of a field). Basonym: Burkholderia arvi Peeters et al., 2016. The description is as provided in Peeters et al. (2016). Analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding sequences have shown that this species is placed in the genus Caballeronia with very high support. The type strain is LMG 29317T (= CCUG 68412T = MAN34T). Description of Caballeronia arationis comb. nov. Caballeronia arationis (a.ra.ti.o'nis. L. gen. n. arationis from a field). Basonym: Burkholderia arationis Peeters et al., 2016. The description is as provided in Peeters et al. (2016). Phylogenetic analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci clearly showed that there is high support for the placement of this species in Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29324T (=CCUG 68405T). Description of Caballeronia calidae comb. nov. Caballeronia calidae (ca'li.dae. L. gen. n. calidae from warm water, because this strain was isolated from pond water in a tropical garden). Basonym: Burkholderia calidae Peeters et al., 2016. The description is as provided in Peeters et al. (2016). Phylogenetic analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci showed (with a high degree of certainty) that this species belongs in the genus Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29321T (=CCUG 68408T). Description of Caballeronia catudaia comb. nov. Caballeronia catudaia (ca.tu.da'ia. Gr. adj. catudaios subterraneous; N. L. fem. adj. catudaia, earth-born). Basonym: Burkholderia catudaia Peeters et al., 2016. The description is as provided in Peeters et al. (2016). Our analyses of 106 conserved protein-coding loci clearly indicate that this species has high support for being included in Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29318T (=CCUG 68411T). Description of Caballeronia concitans comb. nov. Caballeronia concitans (con.ci'tans. L. fem. part. pres. concitans disturbing, upsetting; because the isolation of this bacterium from human sources, including blood, further disturbs the image of this lineage of Burkholderia species as benign bacteria). Basonym: Burkholderia concitans Peeters et al., 2016. The description is as provided in Peeters et al. (2016). Analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci showed that this species has high support for belonging to the genus Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29315T (=CCUG 68414T = AU12121T). Description of Caballeronia fortuita comb. nov. Caballeronia fortuita (for.tu.i'ta. L. fem. adj. fortuita accidental, unpremeditated; referring to its fortuitous isolation when searching for Burkholderia caledonica endophytes). Basonym: Burkholderia fortuita Peeters et al., 2016. The description is as described in Peeters et al. (2016). Our analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci clearly show this species is included in the genus Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29320T (=CCUG 68409T). Description of Caballeronia glebae comb. nov. Caballeronia glebae (gle'bae. L. gen. n. glebae from a lump or clod of earth, soil). Basonym: Burkholderia glebae Peeters et al., 2016. The description appears in Peeters et al. (2016). Analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci shows high support for the placement of this species in the genus Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29325T (=CCUG 68404T). Description of Caballeronia hypogeia comb. nov. Caballeronia hypogeia (hy.po.ge'ia. Gr. adj. hypogeios subterraneous; N. L. fem. adj. hypogeia, subterraneous, earth-born). Basonym: Burkholderia hypogeia Peeters et al., 2016. The description appears in Peeters et al. (2016). Our analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci supports the inclusion of this species into the genus Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29322T (=CCUG 68407T). Description of Caballeronia pedi comb. nov. Caballeronia pedi (pe'di. Gr. n. pedon soil, earth; N. L. gen. n. pedi, from soil). Basonym: Burkholderia pedi Peeters et al. 2016. The description is listed in Peeters et al. (2016). The analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci, showed that this species is placed in Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29323T (=CCUG 68406T). Description of Caballeronia peredens comb. nov. Caballeronia peredens (per.e'dens. L. fem. part. pres. peredens consuming, devouring; referring to the capacity of this bacterium to degrade fenitrothion). Basonym: Burkholderia peredens Peeters et al., 2016. The description is as discussed in Peeters et al. (2016). Our analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci clearly shows that this species should be included in the genus Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29314T (=CCUG 68415T = NF100T). Description of Caballeronia ptereochthonis comb. nov. Caballeronia ptereochthonis (pte.re.o.chtho'nis Gr. n. pteris fern; Gr. n. chthon soil; N. L. gen. n. ptereochthonis, from fern soil). Basonym: Burkholderia ptereochthonis Peeters et al., 2016. The description appears in Peeters et al. (2016). The analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci clearly shows that this species should be included in Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29326T (=CCUG 68403T). Description of Caballeronia temeraria comb. nov. Caballeronia temeraria (te.me.ra'ri.a. L. fem. adj. temeraria accidental, inconsiderate; referring to its accidental isolation when searching for Burkholderia caledonica endophytes). Basonym: Burkholderia temeraria Peeters et al., 2016. The description of this species appears in Peeters et al. (2016). The analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci here, shows that this species is included in Caballeronia with high support. The type strain is LMG 29319T (=CCUG 68410T). Description of Caballeronia turbans comb. nov. Caballeronia turbans (tur'bans. L. fem. part. pres. turbans disturbing, agitating, because the isolation of this bacterium from human pleural fluid further disturbs the image of this lineage of Burkholderia species as benign bacteria). Basonym: Burkholderia turbans Peeters et al., 2016. The original species description appears in Peeters et al. (2016). Our analysis of 106 conserved protein-coding loci shows that this species forms part of Caballeronia. The type strain is LMG 29316T (=CCUG 68413T = HI4065T). Conflict of Interest Statement. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Urocricetus Satunin 1902, new rank Type species: Cricetulus kamensis Satunin, 1902 Diagnosis. Small hamsters with long to moderately sized tail, naked elongated feet and wavy margin of dorsal coloration. Rostrum slender and long, zygomatic plate straight. Hamular process of squamosum narrow and straight. Molars relatively narrow and high-crowned, main cusps elongated, labial and lingual anterocones (-conids) positioned close to each other, mesolophids (posterior ridges of metaconid) in m1 and m2 usually present. Auditory bullae small to medium-sized with extended tubular anterior part, stapedial foramen of normal size and position. Differential diagnosis. Urocricetus can be distinguished from all recent cricetines other than Phodopus by the shape of bullae tympani, which has a long tube-like protrusion on its anterior part (Fig. 6). It differs from Phodopus by position and size of the stapedial foramen, lack of fur on palms and soles, and length of tail. Content. Includes at least two species��� U. kamensis and U. alticola, the status of thibetanus and lama requires additional examination. Does not include kozlovi. The monophyly of Cricetulus sensu lato is also violated by the phylogenetic position of C. migratorius, which proves to be more closely related to Cricetus and Allocricetulus than to C. barabensis and C. longicaudatus. This result, which was first obtained by Neumann et al. (2006), is fully supported here based on a more extensive sampling. There is no evidence that this phylogenetic arrangement is an artifact of some secondary signal such as base composition bias. It should be indicated that the genus Cricetulus in its traditional sense (i.e. including C. migratorius) appears to be an artificial grouping of small-sized hamsters. No morphological or chromosomal synapomorphies are known to support its monophyly despite the fact that Palearctic hamsters are relatively well studied from both perspectives (e.g. Vorontsov 1982; Romanenko et al. 2007).Thus, the grey hamster can not be retained within Cricetulus sensu stricto, which should include only C. barabensis (type species), C. sokolovi and C. longicaudatus. From a morphological viewpoint, there are no reasons to lump C. migratorius and its sister taxa��� Cricetus and Allocricetulus��� into a single genus taking into account the substantial level of morphological and genetic divergence among the three branches. Therefore, the only possible decision is to assign C. migratorius to a new genus, the description of which is given below., Published as part of Lebedev, V. S., Bannikova, A. A., Neumann, K., Ushakova, M. V., Ivanova, N. V. & Surov, A. V., 2018, Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of dwarf hamsters Cricetulus Milne-Edwards, 1867 (Cricetidae, Rodentia): description of a new genus and reinstatement of another, pp. 331-349 in Zootaxa 4387 (2) on pages 342-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1187488, {"references":["Vorontsov, N. N. (1982) [The hamsters (Cricetidae) of the world fauna. Part I. Morphology and ecology]. Fauna of the USSR, Series Nov., No. 125, Mammals, 3 (6), 1 - 451. [in Russian]"]}

Nothocricetulus gen.nov. Type species: Mus migratorius Pallas, 1773 Diagnosis. Small hamsters with moderately sized tail (~30% of body length), naked palms and soles. Auditory bullae moderately inflated, tube-like anterior processi absent, stapedial foramen present. Hamular process of squamosal is broad, distally spatulated. Molars relatively broad, with widely separated cusps and large anterocones(-conids). In the upper M1 and M2, the median mures formed by the posterior ridges of the para- and protocones and anterior ridges of the meta- and hypocones are characteristically X-shaped, in particular the anterior ridge of the metacone (metalophule) tends to join the posterior ridge of the protocone but not the anterior ridge of the hypocone (Fig. 7). Mesolophids absent. Molar proportion as in Cricetulus. [A detailed description of dentition is provided by Pradel (1981).] Zygomatic plate is straight (as in Cricetus) in most; however, the morphology of the anterior zygoma is polymorphic in Chinese and Mongolian populations (Lebedev & Potapova 2008) where, in many specimens, the infraorbital foramen is rounded on the outer side and lacks external plate (as in Allocricetulus). Differential diagnosis. Nothocricetulus can be distinguished from all other hamsters by molar morphology (position of metalophule on M1 and M2). Among small-sized hamsters, it differs from Allocricetulus by a more slender rostrum and narrower braincase, from Urocricetus and Phodopus by bullae morphology; from the latter genus it also differs by the presence of a well-developed stapedial foramen. Nothocricetulus is separated from Cricetulus proper by the above-mentioned dental traits and also by larger width of the distal part of the hamular process, which is relatively narrow and assymetric in the latter genus, as well as by the shape of the fronto-parietal suture: in Cricetulus the anterior angles of the parietals extend anteriorly from the rostral-most point of the squamoso-frontal suture but are level with the latter in Nothocricetulus. Etymology Nothos —false, cricetulus —small hamster Content. a single polymorphic species with several semispecies or subspecies groups (see Lebedev 2000). Interspecific taxonomy requires revision. The relationships of Nothocricetulus with fossil genera also need clarification. As follows from the cladistic analysis by Bescós (2003) several taxa, which are now attributed to Allocricetus in its wider treatment, can in fact be closer to Nothocricetulus. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the genus Allocricetus Schaub 1930 as based on A. bursae Schaub 1930 should include Nothocricetulus. The former demonstrates closer affinities to Cricetus and Allocricetulus, which share with it a potential synapomorphy—the presence of enamel on the rear surface of lower incisors (Topachevsky & Skorik 1992), which is absent in Nothocricetulus.

Nothocricetulus gen.nov. Type species: Mus migratorius Pallas, 1773 Diagnosis. Small hamsters with moderately sized tail (~30% of body length), naked palms and soles. Auditory bullae moderately inflated, tube-like anterior processi absent, stapedial foramen present. Hamular process of squamosal is broad, distally spatulated. Molars relatively broad, with widely separated cusps and large anterocones(-conids). In the upper M1 and M2, the median mures formed by the posterior ridges of the para- and protocones and anterior ridges of the meta- and hypocones are characteristically X-shaped, in particular the anterior ridge of the metacone (metalophule) tends to join the posterior ridge of the protocone but not the anterior ridge of the hypocone (Fig. 7). Mesolophids absent. Molar proportion as in Cricetulus. [A detailed description of dentition is provided by Pradel (1981).] Zygomatic plate is straight (as in Cricetus) in most; however, the morphology of the anterior zygoma is polymorphic in Chinese and Mongolian populations (Lebedev & Potapova 2008) where, in many specimens, the infraorbital foramen is rounded on the outer side and lacks external plate (as in Allocricetulus). Differential diagnosis. Nothocricetulus can be distinguished from all other hamsters by molar morphology (position of metalophule on M1 and M2). Among small-sized hamsters, it differs from Allocricetulus by a more slender rostrum and narrower braincase, from Urocricetus and Phodopus by bullae morphology; from the latter genus it also differs by the presence of a well-developed stapedial foramen. Nothocricetulus is separated from Cricetulus proper by the above-mentioned dental traits and also by larger width of the distal part of the hamular process, which is relatively narrow and assymetric in the latter genus, as well as by the shape of the fronto-parietal suture: in Cricetulus the anterior angles of the parietals extend anteriorly from the rostral-most point of the squamoso-frontal suture but are level with the latter in Nothocricetulus. Etymology Nothos ���false, cricetulus ���small hamster Content. a single polymorphic species with several semispecies or subspecies groups (see Lebedev 2000). Interspecific taxonomy requires revision. The relationships of Nothocricetulus with fossil genera also need clarification. As follows from the cladistic analysis by Besc��s (2003) several taxa, which are now attributed to Allocricetus in its wider treatment, can in fact be closer to Nothocricetulus. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the genus Allocricetus Schaub 1930 as based on A. bursae Schaub 1930 should include Nothocricetulus. The former demonstrates closer affinities to Cricetus and Allocricetulus, which share with it a potential synapomorphy���the presence of enamel on the rear surface of lower incisors (Topachevsky & Skorik 1992), which is absent in Nothocricetulus., Published as part of Lebedev, V. S., Bannikova, A. A., Neumann, K., Ushakova, M. V., Ivanova, N. V. & Surov, A. V., 2018, Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of dwarf hamsters Cricetulus Milne-Edwards, 1867 (Cricetidae, Rodentia): description of a new genus and reinstatement of another, pp. 331-349 in Zootaxa 4387 (2) on pages 343-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1187488, {"references":["Toрachevskiy, V. A. & Skorik, A. F. (1992) Neogene and Pleistocene primitive Cricetidae of the south of eastern Europe. Naukova dumka, Kiev, рр. 242 [in Russian]"]}

Вміщені наукові дослідження за результатами науково-дослідних робіт факультету систем і засобів масової комунікації Дніпровського національного університету імені Олеся Гончара: «Українська медіасистема в контексті трансформацій глобальних соціальних комунікацій» (ФСЗМК-35-16, реєстр. № 0116U002222), «Реклама та зв’язки з громадськістю як прикладні соціально-комунікаційні технології» (ФСЗМК-34-16, реєстр. № 0116U002223), «Освітні константи підготовки редактора у полікультурному суспільстві» (ФСЗМК-36-16, реєстр. № 0116U002221).

The relevance of the topic is determined by the needs of the modern higher school, actively involved in solving the problem of effective education in the university and the development of the individuality of each student. One of the ways of innovative education is to ensure the constructive interaction of teachers and students. Актуальность темы обусловлена потребностями современной высшей школы, активно включающейся в решение проблемы эффективного обучения в вузе и развитие индивидуальности каждого обучающегося. Одним из путей инновационного образования является обеспечение конструктивного взаимодействия преподавателей и студентов.

The work was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science, Agreement No. 14.613.21.0063, universal identifier RFMEFI61317X0063.

The Botanical Garden of the North-Eastern Federal University was established in 2001. The activities of the Garden are aimed at studying, preserving the biological diversity of the flora of Yakutia and rational use of plant resources. The Botanical Garden monitors the state of natural cenopopulations of rare and endangered species (in situ); the results of the researches are used in compiling the Red Data Book of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (2017). Measuresare carried out to restore the population of vulnerable speciesby the garden. The study of ex situ plants in the collections of the Garden is aimed at identifying the patterns of plant behavior in culture and assessing their introductive potential. Introductory abilities of the species are largely determined by its historical development, ecological plasticity associated with the life form, area, and intraspecific and intrapopulation diversity. The development of scientific foundations of decorative gardening and verdure is a special section of the scientific studies of the Garden. Studies to identify resistant species allowed to supplement and expand the range of ornamental plantssignificantly. An integral part of the Garden is educational work. Collections of plants serve as a tool for studying many biological disciplines. There are training and practical classes for university studentsin the Garden. Leading scientists of the Botanical Garden give lectures on methodological issues on the study of plants in situ and ex situ. The garden pays much attention to educational work. Every year there are excursions for children, students and adults.

© 2017 The Author(s). Paraburkholderiacaballeronis is a plant-associated bacterium. Strain TNe-841Twas isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum) growing in Nepantla Mexico State. Initially this bacterium was found to effectively nodulate Phaseolus vulgarisL. However, from an analysis of the genome of strain TNe-841Tand from repeat inoculation experiments, we found that this strain did not nodulate bean and also lacked nodulation genes, suggesting that the genes were lost. The genome consists of 7,115,141 bp with a G + C content of 67.01%. The sequence includes 6251 protein-coding genes and 87 RNA genes.

© 2017 Yassin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The permanent draft genome sequence of Actinotignum schaalii DSM 15541Tis presented. The annotated genome includes 2,130,987 bp, with 1777 protein-coding and 58 rRNA-coding genes. Genome sequence analysis revealed absence of genes encoding for: components of the PTS systems, enzymes of the TCA cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogen-sis. Genomic data revealed that A. schaalii is able to oxidize carbohydrates via glycolysis, the nonoxidative pentose phosphate and the Entner-Doudoroff pathways. Besides, the genome harbors genes encoding for enzymes involved in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, acetate and ethanol, which are found to be the end products of carbohydrate fermentation. The genome contained the gene encoding Type I fatty acid synthase required for de novo FAS biosynthesis. The plsY and plsX genes encoding the acyltransferases necessary for phosphatidic acid biosynthesis were absent from the genome. The genome harbors genes encoding enzymes responsible for isoprene biosynthesis via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Genes encoding enzymes that confer resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) were identified. In addition, A. schaalii harbors genes that protect the genome against viral infections. These include restriction-modification (RM) systems, type II toxin-antitoxin (TA), CRISPR-Cas and abortive infection system. A. schaalii genome also encodes several virulence factors that contribute to adhesion and internalization of this pathogen such as the tad genes encoding proteins required for pili assembly, the nanI gene encoding exo-alpha-sialidase, genes encoding heat shock proteins and genes encoding type VII secretion system. These features are consistent with anaerobic and pathogenic lifestyles. Finally, resistance to ciprofloxacin occurs by mutation in chromosomal genes that encode the subunits of DNA-gyrase (GyrA) and topisomerase IV (ParC) enzymes, while resistant to metronidazole was due to the frxA gene, which encodes NADPH-flavin oxidoreductase.

© 2017 The Author(s). The genus Marinobacterium belongs to the family Alteromonadaceae within the class Gammaproteobacteria and was reported in 1997. Currently the genus Marinobacterium contains 16 species. Marinobacterium rhizophilum CL-YJ9Twas isolated from sediment associated with the roots of a plant growing in a tidal flat of Youngjong Island, Korea. The genome of the strain CL-YJ9Twas sequenced through the Genomic Encyclopedia of Type Strains, Phase I: KMG project. Here we report the main features of the draft genome of the strain. The 5,364,574 bp long draft genome consists of 58 scaffolds with 4762 protein-coding and 91 RNA genes. Based on the genomic analyses, the strain seems to adapt to osmotic changes by intracellular production as well as extracellular uptake of compatible solutes, such as ectoine and betaine. In addition, the strain has a number of genes to defense against oxygen stresses such as reactive oxygen species and hypoxia.

© 2017 The Author(s). Dethiobacter alkaliphilus strain AHT1Tis an anaerobic, sulfidogenic, moderately salt-tolerant alkaliphilic chemolithotroph isolated from hypersaline soda lake sediments in northeastern Mongolia. It is a Gram-positive bacterium with low GC content, within the phylum Firmicutes. Here we report its draft genome sequence, which consists of 34 contigs with a total sequence length of 3.12 Mbp. D. alkaliphilus strain AHT1Twas sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) as part of the Community Science Program due to its relevance to bioremediation and biotechnological applications.

Let $\mathfrak{h}_3$ be the Heisenberg algebra and let $\mathfrak g$ be the 3-dimensional Lie algebra having $[e_1,e_2]=e_1\,(=-[e_2,e_1])$ as its only non-zero commutation relations. We describe the closure of the orbit of a vector of structure constants corresponding to $\mathfrak{h}_3$ and $\mathfrak g$ respectively as an algebraic set giving in each case a set of polynomials for which the orbit closure is the set of common zeros. Working over an arbitrary infinite field, this description enables us to give an alternative way, using the definition of an irreducible algebraic set, of obtaining all degenerations of $\mathfrak{h}_3$ and $\mathfrak g$ (the degeneration from $\mathfrak g$ to $\mathfrak{h}_3$ being one of them).