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Os fibrossarcomas ou sarcomas de tecido mole de aplicação são neoplasias malignas associadas à reação imunogênica às substâncias aplicadas por via subcutânea ou intramuscular, induzindo o aumento da produção de fibroblastos e miofibroblastos de alteração do DNA, e correspondem a 46% das neoplasias cutâneas e subcutâneas em gatos. A eletroquimioterapia é uma técnica que associa a eletroporação e a quimioterapia, tendo potencial para alcançar altas taxas de remissão neoplásica, e indicada para o tratamento de neoplasias cutâneas e subcutâneas de qualquer tipo histológico. Visto que o fibrossarcoma de aplicação é uma neoplasia maligna com alto índice de invasão dos tecidos circunvizinhos, e dependendo da fase evolutiva da afecção, o tratamento deve ser multimodal, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a recidiva à longo prazo de fibrossarcoma de aplicação em gata idosa, cujo o tratamento instituto foi a excisão cirúrgica associada à eletroquimioterapia transoperatória. Gata idosa, sem raça definida, foi diagnosticada com neoformação medindo 1,5 x 1,2 cm em região abdominal esquerda, mesma região onde um ano atrás foi diagnosticado e removido fibrossarcoma de aplicação. O exame citopatológico foi sugestivo à sarcoma de tecido mole. Após a exérese da neoplasia com margens de segurança de 4 cm e eletroquimioterapia transoperatória não foi identificada presença de células neoplásicas, e o exame histopatológico foi sugestivo à recidiva de fibrossarcoma de aplicação. Concluiu-se que o diagnóstico definitivo do fibrossarcoma de aplicação foi o exame histopatológico, e em casos recidivantes, a eletroquimioterapia transoperatória induziu efeitos benéficos na manutenção de margens cirúrgicas seguras em gato idoso.

A doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) é classificada em tipo I e tipo II, sendo o primeiro relacionado à extrusão do material discal, e a segundo à protrusão. As extrusões de disco na região cervical são as mais comuns na Medicina Veterinária. O tratamento cirúrgico para mielopatias cervicais compressivas por hérnia de disco é realizado principalmente por meio da técnica cirúrgica de slot cervical ventral. Contudo, estudos vêm demonstrando a aplicabilidade da cirurgia guiada por vídeo para o tratamento cirúrgico dessas mielopatias, tendo como vantagens, quando comparados às técnicas tradicionais, menor tempo cirúrgico, maior visualização das estruturas devido a magnificação da imagem e menor janela de acesso à medula espinhal. Porém, a técnica possui desvantagens que incluem o custo e a longa curva de aprendizado. Visto que a vídeo neurocirurgia possui vantagens expressivas quando comparadas à técnica cirúrgica de slot cervical ventral no tratamento da mielopatia compressiva por hérnia de disco em cães, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso da vídeo neurocirurgia no tratamento da DDIV em cães e gatos, atualizando sobre a sua aplicabilidade e importância na área da Medicina Veterinária. A vídeo neurocirurgia possui campo para que seja usada em mielopatias compressiva por hérnia discal em cães, permitindo a realização de procedimentos delicados e minimalistas, em menor tempo cirúrgico e melhor visualização das estruturas anatômicas locais. Por ser considerado um procedimento minimamente invasivo, o pós-operatório induz menor dor e recuperação mais rápida do paciente neurológico.

A Síndrome da Cauda Equina (SCE) envolve um conjunto de manifestações clínicas derivadas da compressão das raízes nervosas que compõem a região terminal da medula espinhal. A etiologia está relacionada à estenose lombossacra, degeneração do disco intervertebral entre a sétima vértebra lombar e primeira vértebra sacral, entre outras causas. O diagnóstico é realizado pelo exame neurológico e exames de diagnóstico por imagem. Visto que existem diversos exames de imagem para o diagnóstico da SCE e que se diferenciam pelas suas vantagens e desvantagens, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma atualização sobre a importância do exame radiográfico, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética no diagnóstico da SCE em cães, por meio de revisão bibliográfica. O exame radiográfico serviu como um método de triagem para a escolha do exame imagiológico que forneça imagens mais detalhadas da lesão, sendo priorizado o exame de ressonância magnética devido à maior sensibilidade na identificação da compressão medular, e desse modo determinando ou não a necessidade do procedimento cirúrgico. A tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética apresentam maior sensibilidade para o diagnóstico das alterações degenerativas intervertebrais, permitindo, assim, um diagnóstico precoce da SCE, porém deve-se ter em consideração as suas limitações ou desvantagens.

A avaliação da hemostasia por meio de testes viscoelásticos apresenta grandes vantagens quando comparada aos testes convencionais, que incluem o tempo de sangramento, contagem de plaquetas, tempo de protrombina, tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada, e produtos de degradação da fibrina. A tromboelastografia e a tromboelastometria avaliam as interações entre os fatores, inibidores e componentes celulares da coagulação durante todo o processo. É um método que gera uma representação gráfica da formação e eliminação do coágulo sanguíneo, assim como permite analisar suas características viscoelásticas, ao contrário dos testes convencionais. Embora sejam técnicas que geram muitos dados para avaliação da hemostasia, há poucos relatos de seu uso em Medicina Veterinária. Desse modo, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso dos testes viscoelásticos na avaliação da hemostasia na Medicina Veterinária. Para tal, foi realizado uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas diferentes bases de dados utilizando as palavras chaves relacionadas com o tema. A tromboelastografia ou a tromboelastometria foram considerados meios de avaliação da hemostasia mais específicos quando comparadas com os testes convencionais de rotina, podendo fornecer o diagnóstico precoce em casos de coagulação intravascular disseminada, hipo ou hipercoagulabilidade.

A alfaxalona é um esteroide neuroativo derivado da progesterona com propriedades anestésicas, possuindo poucos efeitos adversos e alterações cardiorrespiratórias mínimas. Ela pode ser usada em cães e gatos de todas as faixas etárias incluindo cadelas gestantes, proporcionando uma alternativa para a indução anestésica. O mecanismo de ação está associado à sua modulação alostérica positiva do receptor ácido gama-aminobutírico tipo A (GABA). Visto que o cenário atual da pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) induziu à escassez de fármacos anestésicos como o propofol, e dessa forma afetando a Medicina Veterinária, existe a necessidade de introduzir alternativas anestésicas viáveis para indução anestésica em cães e gatos. Visto que que a alfaxalona possa ser um substituto do propofol em procedimentos anestésica e pouco usado no Brasil, objetiva-se com o presente trabalho realizar uma revisão bibliográfica atualizada sobre o uso da alfaxalona como alternativa para indução anestésica em cães e gatos. Concluiu-se que a alfaxalona, similar ao propofol, pode ser usada de forma segura na indução anestésica em cães e gatos, diante do COVID-19, e induz alterações cardiorrespiratórias mínimas.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório do dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) em cadelas diagnosticadas com neoplasia mamária e submetidas à mastectomia unilateral associada com a ovariohisterectomia pelo acesso abdominal lateral (flanco). Foram utilizadas 20 cadelas de raça e massa corpórea variadas, e diagnosticadas com neoplasia mamária pelo exame citopatológico. Todos os animais foram submetidos à mastectomia unilateral e o DMSO, na dose de 1 g/kg, foi administrado por via intravenosa, 15 minutos antes do término do procedimento cirúrgico (15PRE), 24 (24hPOS) e 48 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico (48hPOS). As variáveis avaliadas incluíram a frequência respiratória, frequência cardíaca, temperatura corpórea, eritrograma, leucograma, bioquímica sanguínea sérica, aspecto macroscópico da ferida cirúrgica e efeitos colaterais do DMSO. Os parâmetros clínicos não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os momentos avaliados. Os valores da temperatura corporal apresentaram um aumento significativo entre 15PRE e 24hPOS, 15PRE e 48hPOS. Os valores dos eritrócitos, hemoglobina, plaquetas, proteína sérica total e alanina aminotransferase apresentaram variações significativas ao longo dos momentos avaliados, porém permaneceram no padrão fisiológico da espécie. De acordo com os resultados, concluiu-se que o DMSO possui uma ação anti-inflamatória em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia unilateral associada com a ovariohisterectomia pelo acesso abdominal lateral (flanco), e seguro quando administrado na dose de 1 g/kg por via intravenosa durante três dias.

A videocirurgia é um recurso para cirurgias minimamente invasivas que possibilita minimizar o trauma cirúrgico, risco de infecção, dor pós-operatória e o tempo de recuperação, sendo amplamente utilizada em pacientes humanos, e ao longo dos anos vem sendo usada na Medicina Veterinária. Visto que o uso da videocirurgia é considerada recente na Medicina Veterinária, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da videocirurgia em cães e gatos, nas suas diversas modalidades como endoscopia, artroscopia, laparoscopia torácica e abdominal, e dessa forma, contribuir na atualização do tema. A videocirurgia em cães e gatos possibilita diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas afecções, e sua utilização apresenta potencial crescimento na Medicina Veterinária, visto que o procedimento foi considerado seguro e minimamente invasivo, entretanto, o alto valor do procedimento faz com que a procura por esses serviços seja baixa.

Os principais sinais clínicos da osteoartrose incluem a claudicação e a diminuição da amplitude de movimento articular. A diminuição do espaço articular é uma característica importante e comum em osteoartrose femorotibial, podendo induzir ao aumento da pressão intra-articular dentro do espaço fascial ou osseofascial e desencadear a Síndrome Compartimental Articular, quer pela diminuição do tamanho do espaço intra-articular ou pelo acúmulo de líquido sanguinolento, seroma ou linfa. Essa síndrome pode resultar na inadequada perfusão sanguínea e causar isquemia local, e consequentemente, maior dano articular. Visto que a aferição da pressão intra-articular não é uma prática comum na Medicina Veterinária, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a pressão intra-articular da articulação femorotibial de cães acometidos por osteoartrose.

Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement is a standard material used as antibiotic carrier in the orthopedic surgery. The ultrasonic energy method is capable of triggering biological effects based on both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. The aim of the current study is to analyze methylene blue dispersion in polymethylmethacrylate beads, in association with the acoustic field generated by non-thermal ultrasound. Forty-nine specimens were used, and each specimen comprised one polymethylmethacrylate bead (0.6-mm diameter) doped with methylene blue and deposited in gelatin sample. Forty test specimens were divided into four groups comprising 10 samples, each, based on different ultrasound intensities (Group 1: 1.0 W/cm2; Group 2: 1.5 W/cm2) and polymethylmethacrylate bead depths (A - 2 cm; B - 3 cm) in gelatin sample. The control group comprised other nine specimens and statistically differed from the other groups. All groups irradiated with ultrasound have shown statistically significant differences in methylene blue dispersion, except for Groups 2A and 2B. Methylene blue dispersion in gelatin among groups was 1A> 1B; 2A> 1A; 2B> 1A; 2A> 1B; and 2B> 1B. Low-intensity ultrasound enabled the highest methylene blue dispersion when polymethylmethacrylate bead was positioned superficial; bead depth associated with high-intensity ultrasound did not influence methylene blue dispersion. Resumo O cimento ósseo de polimetilmetacrilato é considerado um material padrão como carreador de antibiótico em cirurgias ortopédicas. A energia ultrassônica é um método capaz de gerar efeitos biológicos por mecanismos térmicos e não térmicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a dispersão de azul de metileno em pérolas de polimetilmetacrilato combinada com a exposição em campo acústico gerado por ultrassom não térmico. Foram utilizados 49 corpos-de-prova, cada um composto por uma pérola de polimetilmetacrilato (0,6 mm de diâmetro) dopada com azul de metileno e depositada em amostra de gelatina. Quarenta espécimes foram divididos em quatro grupos de 10 amostras com base nas intensidades de ultrassom (Grupo 1: 1,0 W/cm2; Grupo 2: 1,5 W/cm2) e profundidade (A - 2 cm; B - 3 cm) dos grânulos de polimetilmetacrilato na amostra de gelatina. Os outros nove espécimes constituíram o grupo controle. O grupo controle diferiu estatisticamente dos outros grupos. Todos os grupos irradiados com ultrassom apresentaram diferenças significativas, exceto os Grupos 2A e 2B. A dispersão de azul de metileno na gelatina entre os grupos foi: 1A> 1B; 2A> 1A; 2B> 1A; 2A> 1B; 2B> 1B. Ultrassom de baixa intensidade permitiu maior dispersão de azul de metileno com polimetilmetacrilato posicionado mais superficialmente, e não ocorreu influência da profundidade da pérola com ultrassom de alta intensidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 This study evaluated the serum cortisol response to a single session of whole-body vibration (WBV) in healthy adult dogs. Ten healthy adult medium dogs, females and males, aged between 24 and 48 months and with body weight between 10.1 and 17.9 kg were used. A single WBV session at a frequency of 30 Hz for 5 min (3.10 mm peak displacement, 11.16 m/s2 peak acceleration, and 0.29 m/s velocity), then 50 Hz for 5 min (3.98 mm peak displacement, 39.75 m/s2 peak acceleration, and 0.62 m/s velocity), and finishing with 30 Hz for 5 min (3.10 mm peak displacement, 11.16 m/s2 peak acceleration, and 0.29 m/s velocity) was performed. Serum cortisol, heart and respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure were evaluated at different time points: 1 min before WBV (1PRE) and 1 min (1POST), 60 min (60POST), and 360 min (360POST) after the WBV session. An increase (P = 0.0417) of the serum cortisol values was observed between 1PRE and 1POST and a decrease (P = 0.0417) between 1POST and 60POST and between 60POST and 360POST. However, the values remained within the reference range. The heart and respiratory rate and the systolic blood pressure remained unchanged. Our findings suggest that a single bout of WBV (5 min of 30 and 50 Hz) using a vibrating platform that delivered a vortex wave circulation does not modify the serum cortisol levels and clinical parameters of healthy adult dogs. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biostatistics Bioscience Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biostatistics Bioscience Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:38:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone acetonide, and ozone gas in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in rabbit’s stifles. Methods: Twenty-one Norfolk rabbits were submitted to cranial cruciate ligament transection of the left stifle. After six weeks of the surgery, the rabbits were randomized assigned into three groups: G1 (control) – saline solution (0.9%); G2 – hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone; G3 – ozone gas, submitted to three intra-articular applications every seven days. Results: Significant differences occurred: Osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3) on radiography exam; thickening of the medial condyle (G1 > G3, G2 > G3) on ultrasound exam; osteophytes at lateral tibial condyle (G2 > G1, G2 > G3), and medial femoral condyle (G1 > G2, G3 > G1) on computed tomography. Histologically, mean values of chondrocytes in the femur and tibia in G3 and G2 were statistically lower. Conclusion: The intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid associated with triamcinolone accentuated degenerative joint disease by imaging and macroscopic evaluations, and by histological findings, this treatment and the ozone gas treatment showed similar effects and were inferior to the saline solution (0.9%). Postgraduate Program in Animal Biotechnology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine Universidade de São Paulo (USP), SP Department of Biostatistics Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP Bioethicus Institute, SP Private Practice, SP Postgraduate Program in Wild Animals Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP Postgraduate Program in Animal Biotechnology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP Department of Biostatistics Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP Postgraduate Program in Wild Animals Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T12:09:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a tumor of round cells. Vincristine sulfate is the most effective for TVT. Alternatively, hemotherapy is an alternative therapy that consists of the administration of autologous blood and the positive effects are associated with an immunomodulatory effect. Since chemotherapy has some collateral effects, it is necessary to study another treatment with minimal side effects. In this context, this report case aimed to describe the use of autohemotherapy associated with vincristine sulfate for treating a transmissible venereal tumor in the vulvar mucosa of 7 adult bitches, being the first case report in Mozambique, Africa. Case: Seven adult bitches, median size, were referred to the School Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique, Africa, with a diagnosis of TVT in the vulvar mucosa. All bitches were treated weekly with autohemotherapy and vincristine sulfate for 21 days. The parameters assessed included clinical and TVT macroscopic examination, complete blood count, serum biochemical examination and urinalysis, and were evaluated 60-min before each treatment. No clinical side effects were identified during the treatments. Color, appearance and tumor size were changed during the treatment period, and all bitches showed complete remission of the tumor 21 days after the beginning of treatment or after the third therapeutic session. The values of the complete blood count, serum biochemical and urinalysis did not demonstrate significant variations throughout the evaluated time-points. The TVT cytopathological classification was lymphocytic (42.9 %), plasmacytic (28.6 %) and lymphoplasmacytic (28.6 %). Discussion: The aims of this report were to describe the combination of autohemotherapy and vincristine sulfate for treating the transmissible venereal tumor located in the vulvar mucosa of adult bitches, through clinical and laboratory evaluation, and was not identified side and significant hematological changes. The novelty of this case report was associated with the use of adult bitches with TVT in the vulvar mucosa. Other authors conducted a similar study however with male dog with TVT identified at the base of the penis. The complete remission of the tumor after 3 applications and the absence of side effects showed the effectiveness of this treatment compared with use of chemotherapy without autohemotherapy. In contrast, dogs diagnosed with TVT and treated with vincristine sulfate showed complete remission after 4 treatment sessions However, the use of autohemotherapy alone for treating extragenital TVT in bitches did not induce complete remission after 6 weekly treatments. Doses and administration of autologous blood and vincristine sulfate were in accordance with the recommendations of the literature, and were determined according to body mass. Other routes of administration through the cephalic vein were also used and showed complete remission after 4 treatments. The decrease in size tumor associated with the changes in appearance and color was associated with regression of the TVT. The connective tissue isolating groups of cells identified in the literature were not confirmed in this report, probably due to the phase of the progression of the tumor. The highest percentage of animals with lymphocytoid TVT was different from the literature, which referred to the predominance of the plasmacytoid pattern. The combination of autohemotherapy and vincristine sulfate every 7 days encouraged complete remission of TVT in the vulvar mucosa of adult median size bitches after 3 sessions. Faculdade de Veterinária (FV) Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP Curso de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP) Campus Luiz Meneghel Bandeirantes (CLM), PR Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP

Background : Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that affects specially cartilage, meniscus, and tendons. Ligaments, muscles, subchondral bone and synovium. This pathology is a common condition limiting the quality of life of patients. Imaging modalities have also been used for evaluation the progression of the osteoarthritis, or degenerative processes induced by acute injury. In order to use more accessible imaging modalities for experimentation, this study aimed to compare radiographic, computed tomography, and ultrasound findings in the evaluation of osteoarthritis induced by the cranial cruciate ligament transection model in rabbits. Materials, Methods & Results : Twenty-four male Norfolk rabbits aged approximately 5 months old were used. All rabbits were submitted to cranial cruciate ligament transection of the left stifle and evaluated 45 days after the surgery. The radiographic findings were subchondral bone sclerosis (33.33%); joint space narrowing (66%); presence of osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (4.16%), lateral femoral condyle (4.16%), medial fabela (20.83%), lateral fabela (8.33%) and sesamoid of the popliteal muscle (4.16%). No osteophytes were seen at medial and lateral tibial condyles. The tomographic computed findings were joint space narrowing (62.5%); presence of osteophytes at medial femoral condyle (75%), lateral femoral condyle (54.16%), medial fabela (66.66%), lateral fabela (37.5%), medial tibial condyle (75%), lateral tibial condyle (20.83%) and sesamoid of the popliteal muscle (37.5%). The ultrasound findings were synovial hypertrophy (95.83%); effusion in the suprapatellar recess (75%), distal tibial recess (16.66%) and cranial joint space (75%); changes (hyperechogenic foci and heterogeneity) of the lateral meniscus (50%) and medial meniscus (25%); increased thickness of the medial condyle (54.16%) and lateral condyle (45.83%); irregularity of the medial condyle (66.66%) and lateral condyle (58.33%); alterations of the patellar tendon (12.5%) and extensor ligament (effusion and increased echogenicity) (20.83%). Discussion : Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and is common condition which limiting the quality of life of patients. Many studies performed in rabbits have evaluated the development of osteoarthritis through post-mortem macroscopic or microscopic assessments. Imaging modalities have also been used for evaluation the progression of the osteoarthritis, or degenerative processes induced by acute injury. High quality radiographs are accurate in identifying structural changes resulted from osteoarthritis, but computed tomography allows earlier identification in relation to conventional radiography. The three imaging modalities were helpful to identify the osteoarthritis, but the findings were different and compatible with each analysis method . The computed tomographic detected a higher number of osteophytes than plain radiographs. Also, osteophytes did not visualized by radiographic examination, such as medial tibial condyle and lateral tibial condyle, were identified by computed tomography. In turn, the ultrasound examination enabled identification of lesions did not seen on radiographic and computed tomography examinations. Synovial hypertrophy and joint effusion had the highest percentage. In human patients, ultrasound examination has been used to assess hypertrophy and inflammation of the synovium due to osteoarthritis. In conclusion, computerized tomography images provided more information than plain X-ray images and can be complemented by ultrasound examination to identify osteoarthritis induced by cranial cruciate ligament transection in rabbits. Comparison of Three Imaging Methods for the Evaluation of Osteoarthritis Induced by Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection in Rabbits

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:09:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 The reduction of gonadal steroid hormone secretion is identified as one of the factors responsible for the decrease in bone mass and, consequently, a decrease in bone mineral density. The study aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density by using radiographic optical densitometry of the distal epiphyseal region of the radius and ulna in prepubertal and post pubertal bitches submitted to ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty-four female dogs were divided into two groups of 16 animals, according with age of neutering: G1 - prepubertal bitches submitted to OVH; G2 - postpubertal bitches submitted to OVH. The animals were submitted to the evaluation of bone mineral density at 24 h before the surgical procedure, 24 and 48 weeks after the surgical procedure. No significant differences in bone mineral density were identified in all groups. Ovariohysterectomy in pre and postpubertal bitches did not induce significant variations in bone mineral density of the distal epiphyseal region of the radius and ulna by using radiographic optical densitometry, during 48 weeks of evaluation. Faculdade de Medicina veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ Botucatu) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ Botucatu) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-07 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: A great variety of natural products have been evaluated for the skin wound healing due to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and procollagen synthesis, of which may be mentioned the honey and propolis. In turn, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is considered an important tool in the treatment of skin wounds, because of ability to raise the ATP production, to stimulate the microcirculation, and formation of new blood vessels. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of LLLT, alone or combined with natural products, in the healing of excisional skin wounds in rats. Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred twenty-six male Wistar rats, aged 14 weeks, were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 18 per group) according to wound treatments: G1 (negative control): 0.9% saline solution; G2 (positive control): allantoin + zinc oxide ointment; G3: LLLT; G4: mixture of honey + 5% propolis hydroalcoholic solution; G5: LLLT + mixture of honey + hydroalcoholic solution of 5% propolis; G6: LLLT + honey in natura; G7: LLLT + 5% propolis hydroalcoholic solution. Six rats from each group were euthanized on the 7th, 14th, and 21th postoperative days. Macroscopic and histological evaluations of wound healing were performed. A decrease in wound area occurred in all groups, but in general G4 had the higher reduction and G1 and G3 had the lower reductions. These findings corresponded to the percentage of wound contraction, since the largest contraction was G4 and the lowest contractions were G1 and G3. Histological analysis showed no significant difference among groups on the 7th postoperative day. On postoperative day 14, a significant decrease in hemorrhage occurred between G1xG4, G1xG5 and G1xG7, and a significant decrease in congestion between G1xG7 and G2xG5. In addition, intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate showed a significant reduction between G1xG7, G2xG7 and G3xG7. On postoperative day 21, a significant changed from mixed to mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate was observed between G1xG3, G1xG4, G1xG6, G1xG7, G2xG3, and G2xG6. Regarding organization of fibroblasts, there were differences between G1xG6 and G1xG7. Discussion: Spite the red laser has been associated to in increase fibroblast proliferation, G3 showed inadequate decrease in wound area and percentage of contraction. Histological examination showed no differences among groups in the inflammatory phase. However, in the proliferative and remodeling phases around days 14 and 21 were found some differences among groups, which may be related to the actions of the natural products, or laser. Studies have shown that honey acts as a repair and anti-inflammatory agent in skin wound that may be associated to lower hemorrhage in G4 and G4 compared to G1 on day 14. Propolis is related to reduction of free radicals and increasing the amount of collagen, which may have contributed for quality improvement of the inflammatory infiltrate in G4 and G7 compared to GI, and fibroblast organization in G7 at postoperative day 21. In conclusion, macroscopically the mixture of honey + 5% propolis hydroalcoholic solution was the most effective in reducing wound area and increasing wound contraction. However, based on the parameters evaluated histologically, may be highlighted the evolution of the treatments with LLLT + honey, as well as LLLT + 5% propolis hydroalcoholic solution. Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Surg & Anim Reprod, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Surg & Anim Reprod, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2017/14098-3

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:08:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-13 This study aimed to evaluate reticulated hyaluronic acid alone or associated with ozone gas in the treatment of osteoarthritis due to hip dysplasia in dogs. Fourteen client-owned dogs were randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1—single intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid; Group 2—single intra-articular infiltration injection of hyaluronic acid associated with ozone gas. Each hip joint received an average of 0.75 mL of reticulated hyaluronic acid ultrasound-guided. Ozone gas at a dose of 45 μg/mL was incorporated into hyaluronic acid by insufflation. Dogs were evaluated for body condition scoring, orthopedic examination and radiographic scores of the hip joints, goniometric measurements of the hip joints, visual gait score, and kinetic analysis. The evaluations were conducted immediately before treatments (M0), and at days 30 (M1), 60 (M2), and 90 (M3) after treatments. There were no significant differences in body mass and body condition scoring (5-point scale) in each group in all evaluation moments. The scores of orthopedic examination of the hip joints showed statistical differences in each group between moments (M0 > M3), but differences were not observed between groups. No statistical differences were found for radiographic scores in each group between moments, but differences were observed between groups immediately prior to treatments (G1 > G2) and 90 (G1 > G2) after treatments. Goniometric measurements of hip flexion and extension showed no significant differences in each group between moments or between groups. No statistical differences between groups were found concerning the lameness score. There were significant differences for lameness score among moments in Group 1, being M0 > M2 and M0 > M3, and Group 2 in which M0 > M1, M0 > M2, and M0 > M3. The mean percentage of change of PVF and VI between M3 and M0 in Group 1 was almost null and in Group 2 was positive, being 31.1 ± 29.4 and 10.6 ± 25.4, respectively. In conclusion, the intra-articular viscosupplementation alone or associated with ozone gas allowed improvement of lameness scores and orthopedic examination score. In Group 2 the association of ozone gas had better results on kinetic analysis. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies UNESP Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T23:35:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-31 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Background: Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) consists of mechanical vibration stimuli produced that propagate throughout the body by increasing the gravitational load. The WBV can increase muscle mass in dogs with muscular atrophy. As Whole-body vibration (WBV) can be used as exercise modality with no impact on the joints, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of single session of WBV in hematobiochemical and hemogasometric parameters in adult and elderly healthy dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Fourteen clinically healthy, neutered crossbreed male dogs, non-athlete were selected. The dogs were divided into two groups of seven dogs, according to the age group: Group I - adult dogs (GI): age between 12.0 and 84.0 months old; Group II - elderly dogs (GU): age above 84.0 months old. All dogs were submitted to a single session WBV by using a vibrating platform that delivered a vortex wave circulation as mechanical vibration. The WBV protocol used was 30 Hz frequency (3.10 mm peak displacement; 11.16 m/s(2) peak acceleration; 0.29 m/s velocity), then 50 Hz (3.98 mm peak displacement; 39.75 m/s(2) peak acceleration; 0.62 m/s velocity), and lastly 30 Hz (3.10 mm peak displacement; 11.16 m/s(2) peak acceleration; 0.29 m/s velocity) for 5-min between de frequencies. The hematobiochemical and hemagasometric parameters were evaluated at 1-min before the WBV session (1PRE), 1-min after the WBV session (1POST), 120-min (120POST) and 24 h after the WBV session (24hPOST). The dogs accepted the vibration stimulus quite well, however, elderly dogs weighing above 30 kg were more likely to sit down with increased frequency from 30 to 50 Hz. No variations of food and water intakes and gastrointestinal changes were observed after the WBV session. Hemoglobin values showed significant decrease (P = 0.0312) between 1PRE and 1POST in elderly dogs. A significant decrease (P = 0.0453) was observed in alanine aminotransferase values between 120POST and 14hPOST in adult dogs. Creatinine values had a statistical decrease (P = 0.0173) between 1PRE and 24hPOST in adult dogs. However, these values remained within the reference range for dogs. Discussion: According to the literature, there are no studies related to the effects of WBV in haematobiochemical and hemogasometric parameters in adult and elderly dogs. No deleterious effects regarding a single session of WBV were observed, however harmful effects were observed in human patients. The elderly dogs with body mass above 30 kg tried to sit during the increased frequency from 30 to 50 Hz, which was associated with the pressure exerted in their paws. No significant differences were observed in erythrogram and leukogram parameters except for hemoglobin values. Significant decline was observed in hemoglobin values in adult Beagle dogs; and were associated with hemolysis. The significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase and creatinine values did not have clinical significance. No significant alterations were identified in hemogasometric parameters but slight increase in pH values was observed in horses subjected to a 60 km run, and was associated with the loss of CI ions in sweat. The single session of WBV by using a vibrating platform that delivered a vortex wave circulation, at 30 and 50 Hz frequencies for 5 min did not induce significant changes in hematobiocheinical and hemogasometric parameters in adults and elderly healthy dogs. Unesp, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Unesp, Inst Biociencias IBB, Campus Botucatu, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Unesp, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Unesp, Inst Biociencias IBB, Campus Botucatu, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil CAPES: 1778083 / 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:17:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-10-25 Background: Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) is an oscillatory mechanical stimulus spreading throughout the body and considered a type of physical exercise because of the activation of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neuroendocrine systems. It is a physical exercise modality since it promotes cardiovascular resistance, increase in muscular strength and neurosensitivity, and motor coordination improvement. For use of WBV as an exercise modality for dogs, it is necessary to evaluate the Dopplerfluxometry parameters of the common carotid artery in healthy dogs in order to perform a safe protocol without inducing any cerebral alteration. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of WBV on systolic peak velocity (SPV), resistivity (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) of the both common carotid artery among adults and elderly non-athletes healthy dog. Materials, Methods & Results: Fourteen clinically healthy, neutered crossbreed male dogs, non-athlete were divided into two groups of seven dogs, according to the age group: Group 1 (G1)-Adult dogs: Age between 12 and 84 months; Group 2 (G2)-Elderly dogs: Aged over 84 months. All dogs were submitted to sessions of WBV using the protocol of 30 Hz for 5 min, followed by an increase to 50 Hz for 5 more min and ending with 5 min at 30 Hz, without rest between the variation of the vibration frequency. The systolic peak velocity (SPV), resistivity (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) of the common carotid artery were assessed in two time-points: 5 min before the WBV sessions (5PRE) and 1 min after the WBV (1POS). No significant variations in the SPS, RI, and PI of both common carotid artery of the G1 and G2 were identified. The anatomic reference for the left and right common carotid artery was the right and left extern jugulars veins, which were identified by the venous blood vessel characteristics as endothelium type, and single-phase without systolic peaks wave. Discussion: In humans, WBV is indicated to muscle size and tone increase, therefore it is believed that this modality can present a beneficial result in dogs with muscular atrophy associated with orthopedic surgeries and in cases of osteoarthritis. Irreversible brain damage can be caused by a possible hemodynamic alteration in the common carotid arteries resulted from mechanical vibrations. Parkinson's disease patients and individuals affected by strokes that went under acute sessions of WBV showed handshake reduction and better proprioception, respectively. The beneficial effect was observed in cervix opening in dogs with metritis. The behavior of sitting of the dogs over 30 kg during WBVsessions was associated with paraparesis. This result was present in medium-size non-athletic dogs weighing from 10.1 to 17.9 kg that went through WBV for 5 consecutive days, using the same vibrating platform. No signs of discomfort during a single session of 10 min of WBV (15 and 21 Hz) were observed in healthy adult horses. Studies using mechanical vibrations on adult healthy dogs did not show significant variation RI of the renal artery. On the other hand, daily use of WBV for 5 days on dogs showed significant enhancement on RI of the femoral artery immediately after it. A single session of WBV (30 and 50 Hz did, for 15 min) do not produce undesirable effects on SPV, RI, and PI of both common carotid arteries in adult and elderly non-athletic healthy dogs. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Instituto de Biociências (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Instituto de Biociências (IBB) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Background : Acute spinal traumas can lead to irreversible damage associated with vascular and inflammatory changes in neural tissue. Since spine and spinal cord traumas have an unfavorable prognosis in small animals, and reports of the use of Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate repair of lumbar vertebra fracture-luxation in puppies are rare in the literature, the present paper aimed to report the surgical treatment of transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment by using Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate in a 7-month-old Labrador Retriever male dog. Case : A 7-month-old intact male Labrador Retriever dog, weighing 24.0 kg was attended at School Veterinary Hospital with a history of hit by car and paraplegia of the hind limbs. On neurological examination was observed no proprioception and no deep pain sensitivity on the both pelvic limbs. The lumbar spinal palpation showed intense pain, and the motor function and patellar reflexes were reduced. The values of haematological and biochemical analysis remained within the reference values for the species. Radiographs revealed a transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment, and was decided to perform a surgical treatment by open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture. The dog was positioned in ventral recumbency for surgery, and a dorsal midline incision was made from the second lumbar vertebra to the sixth lumbar vertebra. Two crossed 1.5 mm Kirschner wires were placed through the caudal articular facets of the fourth lumbar vertebra to provide initial stability. Two 2.0 mm Steinmann pins were placed at 60° angle of the bodies of the second and fifth lumbar vertebrae, and third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. This procedure was repeated on the other side of the vertebral bodies. Sixty grams of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement was applied and the fixation was checked for stability. Muscular, subcutaneous tissue and skin was closed routinely. The dog was paraplegic without any pain and used a wheelchair to assist in locomotion, although it still had urinary and faecal incontinence; no tail control; and the implants were not removed. Discussion : Lumbar vertebral injuries, as in the present case frequently, occur secondary to severe trauma (e.g. hit by car) and seem to have a characteristic fracture pattern. The patient became paraplegic due to spinal cord injury and failure of sensitivity and elimination of urine and feces which can be associated with progressive destruction of neuronal tissue due to secondary vascular and inflammatory events. The radiographic exam was used to confirm the spinal injury and determine whether by conservative or surgical treatment. The treatment choice is related to the number of fractured compartments, and the presence or not of compression. Fractures in two or more compartments are indicative of surgical treatment, similar as the present case. Use of Steinmann pins was to make a rigid fixing system compared with block plates used for the same function. Use of polymethylmethacrylate may also become a complication due to the infection, for this reason was prescribed an antibiotic for 15 days. This procedure proved to be effective since the dog showed no signs of infection. According to the characteristics of the present case report, the use of Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate for repair of transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment provided an effective and practical means of stabilisation, promoting decompression, and thus, improving the patient's quality of life.

As vibracoes de corpo inteiro sao geradas por dispositivos capazes de gerar oscilacoes - plataformas vibratorias. Diversos beneficios do uso de plataformas vibratorias tem sido descritos, como aumento da forca muscular, melhora do desempenho fisico e melhora do equilibrio e da mobilidade funcional. A vibracao de corpo inteiro tem sido estudada e usada em muitas aplicacoes em seres humanos, existindo apenas alguns estudos publicados sobre vibracao de corpo inteiro como modalidade terapeutica em animais. A presente revisao teve como objetivo resumir os resultados de artigos originais que investigaram os efeitos da vibracao de corpo inteiro em animais. Foram utilizados artigos publicados em revistas internacionais em Medicina Veterinaria, e foram incluidos pequenos animais, animais de grande porte e animais silvestres. Poucos estudos relacionados ao uso da vibracao de corpo inteiro foram identificados e as publicacoes sobre animais silvestres foram escassas. O uso de parâmetros de vibracao errados, incluindo a intensidade de vibracao, tempo de exposicao, amplitude e aceleracao, tambem causa efeitos adversos em animais. Mais estudos sao necessarios para determinar um protocolo adequado e a eficacia da vibracao de corpo inteiro em cada especie, como tambem para explorar outras aplicacoes terapeuticas. Descritores: Plataforma vibratoria; Vibracoes mecânicas; Veterinaria.

This study aimed to describe the radiographic anatomy and osteology and to evaluate angular radiographic measurements-Norberg angle, inclination angle and anteversion angle-of the pelvic limbs in free-ranging capybaras. Twenty cadavers of free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), including five adults and 15 subadults, were studied. Ventrodorsal, craniocaudal, dorsoplantar and mediolateral radiographic views of the pelvic limbs were obtained. The radiographic features were described together with bone samples. The hip bone (os coxae), shaped like an isosceles trapezoid, was elongated and narrow with the presence of an oblong obturator foramen, sagittal ilial wing and rectilinear ilial body. The femoral shaft was relatively straight, while the greater trochanter was projected above the femoral head. No sesamoid bones of the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles were observed radiographically or for those animals used in gross macroscopy. The fibula was located lateral and parallel to the tibia. Eight tarsal bones, four metatarsal bones and three digits were identified. The mean radiographic measurements included Norberg angle of 125.9°; respective angles of femoral inclination by the Hauptman B and Tomlinson methods of 139.9 and 141°; anteversion angle of the femoral head and neck of 29.80°. The bones of the pelvic limbs in capybaras have several anatomical characters and radiological features that are shared with members of the caviomorph superfamily Cavioidea. The radiographic angles measured in this study help characterize the functional morphology of this species.

The aim of work was to describe a remaining uterine mesonephric duct cyst in female Pinscherdog, with 8 years old. The main complaint of the owner was no heat at least 18 months. Clinicalexamination revealed presence of cysts in all teats, confirmed by cytopathologic exam.Haemogram, serum biochemical exams, urinalysis, radiographs of the thorax and abdominalultrasound were performed and no changes were observed. During the ovaryhysterectomy wasobserved endometrial hyperplasia and the histopathologic diagnosis was remaining uterinemesonephric duct cyst associated with discrete endometrial hyperplasia. Was concluded thatadequate histopathologycal identification of the uterine mesonephric duct cyst is crucial so donot mistake with neoplasia.

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise on hematology and serum biochemistry in healthy dogs. Ten intact beagle dogs, 3 females, and 7 males, with a mean age of 3 years, and mean body mass of 14.3kg, body condition score between 4.0/9 and 4.5/9 were evaluated. The WBV sessions were done with the dog standing up on all 4 feet on a vibrating platform. Daily session of 30Hz for 5 minutes, followed by 50Hz for 5 minutes and finishing with 30Hz for 5 minutes was accomplished for 5 days. The velocity and amplitude of the vibrating platform were 12-40m/s2 and 1.7-2.5mm, respectively. Blood samples were collected, before and immediately after the WBV platform exercise session, and 1 and 6 hours after the end of each session for 5 days. In addition, blood samples were collected 24 hours and 48 hours after the last WBV platform exercise session. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and serum total protein) were the data analyzed. The erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and packet cell volume values decreased, whereas the leukocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils values increased after WBV platform exercise sessions; however, all values were within the reference range. Other hematological and serum biochemical parameters did not show important variations. In conclusion, the WBV exercise sessions attended for 5 consecutive days did not adversely affect the hematology and serum biochemistry of adult healthy dogs.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar clinicamente ou macroscópica e histologicamente as reações teciduais produzidas pelo implante da abraçadeira autoestática de náilon transparente e colorida em ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 48 ratos Wistar hígidos machos, com idade de 16 semanas e massa corpórea entre 350 e 450 gramas. Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos de 24 animais: Grupo 1 –– ratos submetidos ao implante do fio de sutura náilon cirúrgico monofilamentar (Grupo Controle); Grupo 2 - ratos submetidos ao implante de fragmento da abraçadeira autoestática de náilon transparente e colorida (Grupo Experimental). As implantações no grupo controle foram realizadas com 5 mm de fio de sutura náilon cirúrgico monofilamentar entre o músculo carnoso e paravertebral esquerdo; e no grupo experimental foram implantadas 5 mm de fragmento da abraçadeira autoestática de náilon transparente e colorida, na mesma região em lados opostos e equidistantes da coluna vertebral. Oito ratos de cada grupo foram submetidos à eutanásia para realização da biopsia excisional dos implantes para posterior exame histológico em três momentos: sétimo dia, 15º dia e 90º dia após a implantação. A avaliação de infecção e/ou inflamação foi realizada a cada 24 horas. Lesões circunscritas multifocal ao redor dos três implantes foram observadas em 46,7% dos ratos, entre o primeiro e sétimo dia após as implantações. Reação inflamatória aguda esteve ausente em todos os grupos nos momentos avaliados. Reação inflamatória crônica foi observada no grupo do fio de sutura e das abraçadeiras em todos os momentos de avaliação, excetuando ao sétimo dia após a implantação no grupo das abraçadeiras autoestáticas transparentes. Reação inflamatória mista foi observada no grupo do fio de sutura e das abraçadeiras ao sétimo e 15º dia. Os implantes do fio de sutura náilon cirúrgico monofilamentoso (Grupo Controle), das abraçadeiras autoestáticas de náilon transparente e colorida (Grupo Experimental) apresentaram induziram reações clínicas ou macroscópicas e histológicas similares em ratos Wistar num período de 90 dias.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugs that cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs. Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts through oxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue and angiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermia is are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermia in a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil. Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco - PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesia recovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days), tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use of Elizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owner's dog reported by a telephone call the appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic for stitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds, one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound was identified in the thoracic region and presence of pain during palpation. The wounds presented purulent secretion, pink coloration, and presence of necrosis. No changes were observed in the physiological parameters during the physical examination. The owner reported normophagia, ingestion of water, normal defecation and urine. The wound region was clipped, and prescribed topical chlorhexidine digluconate (2%), allantoin with zinc oxide ointment every 8 hours, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days), and dipyrone (20 mg/kg P.O. BID for five days). Five days after the beginning of the second treatment the owner reported no improvement and the increased of the lesion, although the dog presented normophagia, ingestion of water, normal defecation, and urine. Thus, according to a therapeutic history of the use of cephalexin and amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium, both belongings to the β-lactamic antibiotic, the clinical diagnosis of pharmacodermia was determined. Wound cleaning and debridement were performed It has been recommended to suspend the previous treatment, and prescribed the use of ozonized sunflower oil (4 drops in each wound, BID) until the complete healing, associated to cleaning with ozonized (47 μg/mL) saline solution (0.9%). The sunflower oil contained linoleic acid (48-74%) and oleic acid (14-39%), and it was purchased directly from the supplier. Discussion: Thirty days after the treatment with ozonized sunflower oil, there was complete remission of the wounds Five months after the treatment the dog returned to clinical examination. No remnants of the wounds were observed and there were no changes in the physiological parameters or in the laboratory exams. According to the present report case, the use of ozone therapy using the ozonized sunflower oil and saline solution (0.9%) is effective to treat wounds related to pharmacodermia. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Programa de Pós-graduação em Animais Selvagens Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) M.V. Autônomo Programa de Pós-graduação em Anestesiologia Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB) Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Programa de Pós-graduação em Animais Selvagens Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Programa de Pós-graduação em Anestesiologia Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB)

Background : Coatis ( Nasua nasua ) have easy interaction with man, besides being sociable and curious animals. The proximity to urbanized areas encourages them to intake food from anthropogenic sources, and it can change their eating habits and make them prone to obesity. The body condition evaluates the animals’ energetic status and measures variations in their body fat reserves. There are direct-invasive methods and indirect methods that rely on size and body mass to evaluate the body condition, like body condition score and body mass index. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess different methods to determine the body condition of wild coatis ( Nasua nasua ) living in urban areas. Materials, Methods & Results : Sixteen (16) wild coatis ( Nasua nasua ), nine females and seven males, were captured at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) of Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, in pitfalls. The animals were anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam and subjected to biometric evaluation after physical exams proved normal. The following variables were analyzed: body weight, body condition score (BCS) based on the five-point scale for dogs, thoracic and abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus. Two body mass index (BMI) were calculated from these data, one was based on dogs (BMI1) and another one on cats (BMI2), as well as the body fat percentage (%BF). Results showed that 25% of the assessed coatis were overweight. Body weight, thoracic and abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus were significantly higher in males than in females and the other assessed parameters did not present differences between sexes. The correlation between fat percentage and body weight was significant, and that between fat percentage and BCS was not. There was closer correlation between BMI2 and body weight, and BCS, than between BMI1 and these two parameters. Discussion : Anthropogenic interactions could change the body condition of these animals and make them prone to obesity, since their body condition scores were altered. With regard to the nutritional body condition, although males were bigger than females, the measures did not show significant differences between them. Results of this parameter varied in different studies with coatis, some studies have shown that males have body mass 1/3 higher than that of females and others have not recorded any difference between sexes. Fat percentage estimated through the metrics used in cats is not a good method when it is applied alone in body condition evaluations. A study that has correlated body mass, body condition score, body fat estimates, body mass index and abdominal circumference recorded positive results between these two evaluation methods. Such finding corroborated with the present study, but it was differed from it in abdominal circumference, which did not correlate to the two body mass indices and to body fat percentage. Therefore, it is possible saying that there is biometric difference between male and female coatis. The body condition score adopted for dogs was efficient for coatis ( Nasua nasua ), as well as the body mass index used for dogs and cats – the one used for cats was even more efficient. The proximity wild coatis ( Nasua nasua ) have to humans could change the body condition of these animals and make them prone to obesity.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-05T12:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) This study aimed to assess the influence of WBV exercise on muscles by means of infrared thermography and on resistive index (RI) of the femoral artery. The hypothesis was that WBV exercise protocol will induce increase of the muscle activity detected through skin surface temperature change and decreased of RI with WBV exercise. Ten adult healthy medium dogs, were submitted to WBV session. Thermographic images were taken from regions of biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles. Triplex Doppler was used to assess RI of the femoral artery. Exams were performed before and immediately after WBV exercise sessions for five days, and RI of the femoral artery was evaluated 24 h after the last WBV session. There were no statistically significant differences between thermographic temperatures of regions of biceps femoris muscle and vastus lateralis muscle before and immediately after the WBV sessions. Significant differences were observed between the mean RI values before WBV sessions between day 1 and day 3, day 3 and day 5, and before and immediately after session on day 3; between before and immediately after session on day 2, day 3, day 4 and day 5; between before session between day 2 and day 6, day 3 and day 6, day 5 and day 6; and before and immediately after session on day 5. The WBV exercises during five uninterrupted days in adult healthy dogs do not alter significantly the skin temperatures over regions of biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles, and increase the femoral RI. Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Prof Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa St,S-N, BR-18618681 Sao Paulo, Brazil Unoeste Univ, Fac Vet Med, R Jose Bongiovani,700 Cidade Univ, BR-19050920 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Biosci Inst, Prof Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa St,S-N, BR-18618681 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Prof Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa St,S-N, BR-18618681 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Biosci Inst, Prof Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa St,S-N, BR-18618681 Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/09683-6 FAPESP: 2012/02173-7 CNPq: 301585/2017-2

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-05-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Ministry of Science and Technology Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of pulse pressure variation (PPV), stroke volume variation from pulse contour analysis (SVV PCA ), plethysmographic variability index (PVI), central venous pressure (CVP) and global end-diastolic volume index measured by transpulmonary thermodilution (GEDVI TPTD ) to predict fluid responsiveness (FR) in dogs. Study design: Prospective study. Animals: A group of 40 bitches (13.8–26.8 kg) undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods: Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane under volume-controlled ventilation (tidal volume 12 mL kg –1 ; inspiratory pause during 40% of inspiratory time; inspiration:expiration ratio 1:1.5). Transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output was recorded through a femoral artery catheter. FR was evaluated by a fluid challenge (lactated Ringer's, 20 mL kg –1 over 15 minutes) administered once (n = 21) or twice (n = 18) before surgery. Individuals were responders if stroke volume index measured by transpulmonary thermodilution increased >15% after the last fluid challenge. Results: Of the 39 animals studied, 21 were responders and 18 were nonresponders. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was 0.976, 0.906, 0.868 and 0.821 for PPV, PVI, CVP and SVV PCA , respectively (p < 0.0001 from AUROC = 0.5). GEDVI TPTD failed to predict FR (AUROC: 0.660, p = 0.078). Best cut-off thresholds discriminating responders and nonresponders, with respective zones of diagnostic uncertainty (gray zones) were: PPV >16% (15–16%), PVI >11% (10–13%), SVV PCA >10% (9–18%) and CVP ≤1 mmHg (0–3 mmHg). Percentage of animals within gray zone limits was 13% (PPV), 28% (PVI), 51% (SVV PCA ) and 67% (CVP). Conclusions and clinical relevance: PPV has better diagnostic accuracy to predict FR (conclusive results in nearly 90% of population) than other preload indexes in healthy dogs. When invasive blood pressure is unavailable, PVI will predict FR with reasonable accuracy (conclusive results in approximately 70% of the population). PPV and PVI values above gray zone limits (>16% and >13%, respectively) can reliably predict responders to volume expansion. Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) CNPq: 306342/2015-4

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:35:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1809-68912018000100309.pdf: 774965 bytes, checksum: dc7b274b75bbdebc949cc763bb2131b7 (MD5) Resumo O exame venográfico permite diagnosticar e tratar afecções da região podal. Pode ser base de estudos sobre a administração de medicação na região do casco. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o padrão venográfico na região distal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos de ovinos e caprinos saudáveis, bem como comparar a vascularização entre eles. Foram utilizados 10 ovinos e caprinos clinicamente saudáveis, cinco machos e cinco fêmeas de raças diferentes, com idade entre 2 a 4 anos e pesando 45 a 63 kg. Os membros torácicos e pélvicos foram submetidos à venografia contrastada da região distal. Os venogramas foram coletados por um aparelho radiográfico digital e analisados no software EcoView®. As veias da região do metacarpo e metatarso; as falanges proximal, medial e distal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos dos ovinos e caprinos foram identificadas 25-30 segundos após a injeção do contraste. O erro de técnica observado durante a venografia foi o extravasamento perivascular do contraste. Os venogramas revelaram a vascularização na região distal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos e a comunicação dos vasos entre eles. A projeção lateral foi a melhor projeção radiográfica para avaliar os vasos no venograma. O padrão venoso normal da região distal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos de ovinos e caprinos pode ser observado pela venografia. Abstract The venographic examination allows diagnosing and treating foot diseases. It can be the basis of studies about the administration of medication in the hoof region. The aim of the study was to describe the venographic pattern in the distal region of the forelimb and hindlimbs of healthy sheep and goats, as well as to compare vascularization between them. Ten clinically healthy sheep and goats, five male and five female of different breeds, aged 2 to 4 years and weighing 45 to 63 kg were used. The forelimbs and hindlimbs were subjected to contrast venography of the distal region. The venograms were taken in a digital X -ray machine and analyzed in the EcoView® software. The veins of the metacarpus and metatarsus; and the proximal, middle and distal phalanges of the forelimbs and hindlimbs of sheep and goats were identified 25-30 seconds after contrast injection. The technique error observed during the venography was the contrast perivascular extravasation. The venograms showed the vascularization in the distal region of forelimbs and hindlimbs and the communication of vessels between them. The better radiographic view to evaluate the vessels was the lateral projection. The normal venous pattern of the distal region of forelimbs and hindlimbs of sheep and goats could be observed by venography. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão Universidade de Uberaba Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Background: Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 is devices produced from the same material of surgical nylon wire and have been used in different surgical procedures in small animals and in human patient. Reports regarding the use of these devices as secondary fixation technique of femoral diaphyseal fractures in animals are rare in the literature. The aim of the present report case was to describe the use of adjustable nylon tie polyamide 6.6 as secondary fixation technique in a 3-year-old dog and 4-month-old cat, diagnosed with femoral diaphyseal fractures. Cases: Case I. A 3-year-old female dog was presented with reluctance to support the left hind limb, with 5 days' duration. Pain and edema on the left femoral diaphyseal region was identified. The limb was submitted to radiographic exam and revealed a closed, complete and comminuted fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and was decided to perform a surgical stabilization by open reduction through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation of bone fragments with adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6, as a substitute of steel cerclage wire. The bone fragments were aligmnent and fixated with five polyamide nylon ties. The excess was removed with a scalpel blade along the lock. Seven days after surgery the skin sutures were removed and were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Physiotherapy sessions were prescribed. Forty days after the surgery was performed a radiographic exam of the left hind limb which revealed alignment of the bone axis. Six months after the surgery, the owner reported that the dog supported the left hind limb. Case 2. A 4-month-old female cat was presented with history of trauma, with 24 h's duration, and reluctance in supporting the left hind limb. On physical examination there was identified pain on the left femoral diaphyseal region. Radiographic examination revealed a closed, complete and simple fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and a surgical stabilization through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation with three polyamide nylon ties was performed. Seven days after the surgery were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Three months after the surgery, the owner was contacted and he reported that the cat was supported the limb. Discussion: Adult dogs are more susceptible to diaphyseal fractures and so does the dog in the present report. On the other hand, young cats present high metaphyseal fracture rates due to the metaphyseal growth plate. However, the cat in the present report was different since it was 4-month-old and presented diaphyseal fracture. Different from steel cerclage wires, polyamide nylon ties were used as secondary fixation in diaphyseal fractures for the reason that of their stability in this kind of fracture, no tissue reaction and minimal tissue trauma. The adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 were already used in different surgical procedures in human patients and animals. Complications reported in the literature due to their use were associated with erroneous surgical techniques. Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 proved to be efficient as bone cerclage device in diaphyseal multiple and simple fracture, as well as gave stability to the herein assessed adult dog and young cat, besides not inducing foreign body reactions. Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, Dept Cirurgia & Anestesiol Vet DCAV, Setor Cirurgia Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, FAPESP, Cirurgia Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, Dept Radiol Vet & Reprod Anim DRVRA, Setor Diagnost Imagem, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, Dept Clin Vet DCV, Setor Clin Pequenos Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, Dept Cirurgia & Anestesiol Vet DCAV, Setor Cirurgia Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, FAPESP, Cirurgia Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, Dept Radiol Vet & Reprod Anim DRVRA, Setor Diagnost Imagem, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia FMVZ, Dept Clin Vet DCV, Setor Clin Pequenos Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:53:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: Ovarian torsion is a condition which the ovary and the ovarian pedicle twist around the ovary suspensory ligament. No report regarding this condition was reported. The aim of the report was to describe a case of unilateral ovarian torsion in a 2-year-old primipara Golden Retriever dog. Case: A 2-year-old female primipara Golden Retriever dog weighting was referred to the Veterinary Hospital, for purulent vaginal discharge evaluation. The dog was presenting anorexia, weight loss, and intermittent diarrhea and vomiting. A cesarean section was performed nine months before her presentation and the oestrus cycle was recorded six months after the cesarean section. Discomfort was observed during the palpation of the abdomen and purulent vaginal was observed. Vaginal swab was performed and followed by cytological examination. The ultrasonographic examination was consistent with pyometra. The ovariohysterectomy was performed and were observed torsion of the left ovary. The histopathological examination of the left ovary and uterus were consistent with ovary necrosis and pyometra. Ten days after surgery the vaginal discharge had resolved and the sutures were removed. Six months postoperatively the dog revealed no further abnormalities. Grossly, the left ovary had firm consistency, dark red surface and 8 cm diameter. The histopathology examination findings were consistent with a diagnosis of diffuse necrosis of left ovary due to ovarian torsion, and uterine suppurative inflammatory process - pyometra. Discussion: Ovarian torsion is uncommon in small animals, but can be observed high incidence in pregnant female dogs than in non-pregnant ones. The 360ºan asynchronous ovarian torsion described in the present case is also an unusual condition in primipara female dogs due to the smaller stretching of the ovary suspensory ligament. The ovarian torsion is considerate an emergency condition due to acute abdominal pain. The mild abdominal discomfort observed during the physical examination was associated to pyometra or to ovarian torsion. The histopathological findings as hemorrhage, edema and necrosis were associated to compromised arterial circulation and ovarian torsion in late stage. The size of the pregnant uterus and/or the pyometra has contributed to ovary torsion. The dog of the present report had pyometra and previous cesarean sections; and these conditions may have contributed to ovarian torsion. The condition was incidentally found during the ovariohysterectomy, and the ovarian torsion diagnosis was determinate through histopathological examination. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance image could be used to diagnose, furthermore, they were not conducted due to the high cost. The leukocytosis and red blood cells Rouleaux was associated with ovarian necrosis and pyometra. Ovariohysterectomy was the treatment of choice to pyometra and ovarian torsion, and the surgery was performed without ovarian torsion reversion to minimize the reperfusion lesions. Ovarian torsion is a rare event in dogs, and it was clinically diagnosed during the surgery. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of ovarian torsion associate with pyometra in primipara female dogs in Brazil. Fellowship Veterinary Surgery (Fapesp Fellowship) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology (DCAV) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n. School of High and Integral Education (FAEF) Department of Veterinary Clinic (DCV) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) University Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology (DCAV) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n. Department of Veterinary Clinic (DCV) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) University Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Background: In Veterinary Medicine, there are several methods for early and accurate assessment of blood flow dynamics. The Dopplerfluxometry can access the peak systolic velocity, mean velocity and end diastolic velocity, including Resistive Index and Pulsatility Index. Normal values of Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs allow the identification of vascular abnormalities and authors’ knowledge there are no reference regarding the values of Dopplerfluxometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the femoral Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs by Resistive Index, Pulsatility Index, systolic and diastolic velocities, and femoral artery diameter.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen healthy intact beagle dogs, male and female, aging from 2 to 4 years old (mean ± SD: mean 3 ± 0.8 years), weighing from 10.1-17.9 kg [22.3-39.5 lb] [mean ± SD: 14.3 ± 2.7 kg (31.5 ± 5.96 lb)] were used. The dogs underwent to physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry examination urinalysis, and radiographs examination, muscular and cardiac evaluation. Females had to be in anestrous. All dogs were submitted to right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry. The dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency by one person without any chemical restraint. A high definition ultrasound device equipped with a 3 - 13 MHz multi-frequency linear transducer was used. The right femoral artery was identified with the transducer positioned transversely on the right triangle femoral area. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity was measured. The Resistivity Index and Pulsatility Index were calculated automatically by the ultrasound machine software. Three measurements were obtained with the Doppler spectrum. The values of peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, Resistivity Index, Pulsatility Index and femoral artery diameter were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).Discussion: No studies regarding to femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs were found in the literature. These results can be used as normal reference values of Dopplerfluxometric parameters for adult dogs. The literature cited only Dopplerfluxometric values of renal arteries, abdominal aorta and of the internal thoracic artery. The normal values of arterial Dopplerfluxometry is necessary to identify the spectral quantitative characteristics of the blood flow for diagnosis and prognosis of vascular diseases. Authors referred to changes in blood perfusion by Dopplerfluxometry examination, but no changes in B-mode ultrasonography. The femoral Resistivity Index values can be used to correlate the postoperative evolution in dogs submitted to femoral bone, hip and knee surgeries, since Dopplerfluxometry allows blood flow assessment in the femoral region muscles. Changes in the heart rate, blood pressure, stress, exercise, and diseases as hypotension, renal lesion, hepatic diseases, diabetes, hyperadrenocorticism can change the Dopplerfluxometric parameters. All dogs which used in this study were clinically healthy, and were used beagle dogs due to lowest variations within breed. Sedation was avoid due to possible changes in Dopplerfluxometric parameters since the use of sedation or tranquilization in animals is strongly discussed due to possible hemodynamic changes that may occur during the examination. In conclusion, the mean values of the right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry in male and female adult healthy dogs is Resistivity Index (0.887); Pulsatility Index (1.599); peak systolic velocity (124.41 cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (14.12 cm/s), femoral artery diameter (3.9 mm).

Background Although normal synovial fluid has been well characterized in domestic animals such as dogs, cats, horses, and cows, the available information on larger rodents is scarce. Objectives The purpose of the study was to analyze the physical, chemical, and cytologic characteristics of the synovial fluid in stifle joints of Capybaras. Methods Five free-ranging adult female Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), weighing from 37 to 56 kg were used. Synovial fluid was obtained by aspiration of 10 stifle joints. Samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, and cytologic properties. Results Spontaneous clotting was negative in 9 samples. Most synovial fluids had pH 8, and protein concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 3.6 g/dL. The mucin clot test was good in all 6 samples that were tested. Nucleated cell counts ranged from 140 to 508 cells/μL. Relative differential leukocyte counts demonstrated a predominance of mononuclear cells (97.6%), including 76.2% undifferentiated mononuclear cells, 18.1% macrophages, and 3.66% lymphocytes. Polymorphonuclear cells included 1.83% neutrophils and 0.2% eosinophils. Conclusion The synovial stifle joint fluid of healthy free-ranging adult Capybaras is clear, colorless, viscous, and with chemical features and cytologic findings similar to those seen in domestic animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:04:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2014000400015.pdf: 298562 bytes, checksum: 4b1d3b337ffdf6ddba18726c946eb2cd (MD5) Considerando a importância do uso do sangue do cordão umbilical como fonte potencial de células tronco hematopoiéticas e o uso do suíno doméstico (Sus scrofa) como modelo para pesquisas biomédicas em medicina regenerativa, e por outro lado, visando dar um contributo sobre a quantificação das subpopulações linfocitárias no sangue do cordão umbilical e periférico, objetivou-se quantificar as células CD4+, CD5+ e CD8+ nas amostras de sangue de suínos neonatos. Analisaram-se as amostras do sangue do cordão umbilical e periférico de 48 leitões de linhagem Topigs, provenientes de porcas hígidas, inseminadas artificialmente e de parto natural. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue do cordão umbilical e periférico no momento do nascimento, por meio de venopunção da veia umbilical e seio venoso retro-oftálmico, respectivamente. As quantificações imunofenotípicas de células CD4+, CD5+ e CD8+ foram obtidas por citometria de fluxo. Os valores médios obtidos para as contagens das células CD4+, CD5+ e CD8+ do sangue do cordão umbilical e periférico apresentaram-se inferiores aos reportados para o sangue periférico de suínos adultos, sugerindo um componente imunológico imaturo. A proporção CD4+:CD8+ obtida no sangue do cordão umbilical (3,2±1,2%) e no sangue periférico (3,2±1,7%) ilustrou a predominância dos linfócitos TCD4+ com relação aos TCD8+. A quantidade relativa de células CD4+ e CD8+ no sangue do cordão umbilical e periférico foi de 1,37±0,86% e 1,15±0,57%, respectivamente. Considering the importance of umbilical cord blood as a potential source of stem cell and, on the other hand, the use of the domestic swine (Sus scrofa) as a useful model for biomedical research in regenerative medicine and aiming to contribute about the quantification of lymphocyte subsets in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of newborn piglets, this study aimed to quantify CD4+, CD5+ and CD8+ cells from umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood from pigs at term blood samples. Were analyzed samples of the umbilical cord blood and peripheral of 48 piglets of Topigs lineage, from healthy mothers, artificially inseminated and natural birth. Blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord at birth, by the umbilical vein, and peripheral blood by venous sinus retro-ophthalmic. The immunological measurements of CD4+, CD5+ and CD8+ were obtained by flow cytometry. The relative average values for the CD4+, CD5+ e CD8+ counts in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of newborn piglets were inferior to those reported for peripheral blood in adult pigs, suggesting immunological immaturity. The ratio CD4+:CD8+ in umbilical cord blood (3.2±1.2%) and peripheral blood (3.2±1.7%) showed a predominance of TCD4+ over TCD8+. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells was 1.37±0.86% and 1.15±0.57%, respectively, in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood. University College of Londo Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science Unesp FCAV Unesp FCAV

Trichoblastoma is a cutaneous benign neoplasia which is derivate of primitive hair follicles and have epithelial and mesenchymal elements. The study aimed to describe a case of an unusually aggressive trichoblastoma in a male dog, Maltese breed, 7 months old and 7 kg of body weight, with history of increased and rapid growth volume in frontal head region. The neoformation was ulcerated; hard consistency and not adhered; presence of alopecia and pink color; and no pain during palpation. The blood count, serum biochemical tests, urinalysis and imaging exams revealed no changes. On the cytological examination was observed the presence of basal epithelial cells with monomorphic nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm. The treatment was surgery with total excision of the neoformation. Twenty-one months after the surgical procedure was not observed any signs of recurrence and metastasis. Even rare in dogs and with age under 6 years, it was identified a macroscopically aggressive trichoblastoma in young dog with 7 months old, with histopathological features similar to that of adult dogs, and was the first case reported in Mozambique. The total surgical excision of the trichoblastoma was the treatment for this case report.

O presente relato teve como objetivo descrever um caso de leucemia linfocítica B em um cão da raça maltês, fêmea, com três anos de idade, demonstrando a metodologia de diagnóstico e a variação da patologia clínica após o tratamento exclusivamente por esplenectomia. A linfocitose acentuada observada no hemograma e presença proliferativa de linfócitos na medula óssea determinou a suspeita da leucemia linfocítica. A leucemia linfocítica B foi diagnosticada por meio da citologia aspirativa da medula óssea, imunocitoquímica e citometria de fluxo. O tratamento foi exclusivamente por esplenectomia e dois anos após a cirurgia o animal não apresentou recidiva da afecção.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-12-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T17:51:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1809-68912016000400633.pdf: 527461 bytes, checksum: d8dbf9fc6ebac173fcd68a1a31d4703f (MD5) Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar as características e as mensurações ultrassonográficas do baço entre cães e gatos filhotes hígidos, estabelecendo padrões de normalidade e valores de referência. Foram utilizados 15 cães e 15 gatos machos hígidos, raça mista e idade média de seis meses. Os mesmos foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo grupo G1 com 15 cães filhotes com peso médio de 3 kg e grupo G2 com 15 gatos filhotes com peso médio de 2 kg. Os animais foram submetidos ao exame ultrassonográfico do baço para visibilização das características internas e mensuração do órgão. As características estruturais ultrassonográficas do baço foram analisadas e comparadas entre as duas espécies de forma descritiva por meio de imagens obtidas no exame. As mensurações foram comparadas estatisticamente usando-se o programa SPSS®, com análise de variância (ANOVA), seguido do Teste de Tukey (P ˂ 0,05). Em ambos os grupos, foi observado que as artérias esplênicas apresentaram menor diâmetro luminar em relação às veias esplênicas. Nos cães e gatos filhotes, a ecotextura foi visibilizada homogênea e finamente granular. O baço dos cães filhotes tende a ser maior em comprimento (6,87 ± 0,03 cm) e largura (5,95 ± 0,07 cm) em relação ao comprimento (4,53 ± 0,02 cm) e largura (4,55 ± 0,04) nos gatos filhotes. Concluiu-se que não existe diferença de ecotextura e ecogenicidade esplênica entre o cão filhote e gato filhote e o baço dos cães filhotes apresentrou dimensões maiores, em comprimento e largura, em relação aos gatos filhotes. Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the characteristics and ultrasound measurements of the spleen of healthy puppies and kittens, establishing normal standards and landmarks. We used 15 healthy male dogs and 15 healthy male cats, mixed breed and average age of six months. They were divided into two groups: G1 with 15 puppies with an average weight of 3 kg and G2 with 15 kittens with an average weight of 2 kg. The animals underwent ultrasound examination of the spleen for visualization of internal characteristics and measurement of the organ. The structural characteristics was analyzed and compared between the two species through the images obtained in the exam. The measurements were compared statistically using the SPSS program, with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (P ˂ 0.05). In both groups, we observed the splenic artery showed smaller diameter than the splenic veins. In puppies and kittens, the echotexture was visualized homogeneous and finely granular. The puppy's spleen tends to be bigger in length (6.87 ± 0.03 cm) and width (5.95 ± 0.07 cm) in relation to spleen length (4,53 ± 0,02 cm)) and width (4.55 ± 0.04) in kittens. We concluded there is no difference of echotexture and splenic echogenicity between puppies and kittens, and the spleen of puppies showed bigger dimensions than in kittens. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Faculdade de Tecnologia de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo em 210 cães acometidos por neoplasias, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário (HV) da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Moçambique, no período de janeiro de 2004 a janeiro de 2009. Foram utilizados dados das fichas clínico-cirúrgicas, referentes às amostras de neoplasias removidas cirurgicamente, achados de exames necroscópicos e citológicos, os quais, posteriormente, foram enviados para o diagnóstico histopatológico. As neoplasias foram correlacionadas com o sexo, a idade e a raça. Foram identificadas 210 neoplasias durante o período de estudo, e dos 27 tipos diferentes as que se destacaram foram as de pele (61,0%), seguidas das neoplasias de glândula mamária (27,60%), do sistema reprodutor (11,90%) e do sistema musculoesquelético (11,0%). As neoplasias de glândula mamária foram identificadas somente em cadelas, observando-se maior prevalência em cadelas não castradas ou castradas após os dois anos de idade. Concluiu-se que o aumento da prevalência das neoplasias estava correlacionado com a maior longevidade dos cães, e a raça, também, predispôs ao desenvolvimento de determinados tumores, haja vista a alta incidência de mastocitomas grau II em cães das raças Boxer e Pastor Alemão. A incidência de 100% das neoplasias de glândula mamária em fêmeas confirmou a maior predisposição das fêmeas no desenvolvimento desse tipo de neoplasia.

O estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficácia do mel e do açúcar mascavo na cicatrização de feridas induzidas cirurgicamente na pele de cobaias, para avaliar o tempo de cicatrização, as variações macroscópicas e microscópicas do tecido cicatricial, a contração das feridas e o grau de contaminação. Quinze cobaias da raça Abissínia, machos inteiros, de seis meses de idade e pesando entre 500 a 850 gramas, foram divididas em três grupos com cinco animais cada, nos quais foram induzidas, cirurgicamente, três feridas em cada animal com dimensão de 1,5cm² e distância entre elas de 1,5cm, na região dorsal. A ferida F1 foi tratada diariamente com mel, a ferida F2 com solução salina 0,9% (controle) e a ferida F3 com o açúcar mascavo. A eutanásia foi realizada no Grupo 1 ao sétimo dia após a cirurgia, no Grupo 2 ao décimo quarto dia e no Grupo 3 no vigésimo primeiro dia após a cirurgia, sendo as biópsias encaminhadas para avaliação histopatológica. Foram também realizados swabs das feridas em todos os grupos no terceiro e sétimo dias após a cirurgia e as amostras enviadas para a cultura e isolamento bacteriano. Concluiu-se que as feridas tratadas com o mel cicatrizaram mais rápido em relação às tratadas com o açúcar mascavo, demonstrando a maior propriedade cicatrizante do mel em relação ao açúcar mascavo.The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of honey and brown sugar in wounds healing induced in the skin of guinea pigs, to evaluate the healing time, microscopic and macroscopic healing variations, wound contraction and contamination degree. Fifteen guinea pigs, Abyssinia breed, males, six months of age and weighing between 500 to 850 grams, were divided in three groups with five animals each. Three wounds were promoted in each animal, surgical, with 1.5cm² and 1.5cm between them, in the dorsal region. The F1 was treated, daily, with honey, F2 with saline solution 0,9% (control) and F3 with brown sugar. Euthanasia was performed in Group 1 on the seventh day after the surgery, Group 2 on the fourteenth day and the Group 3 on the twenty-first day after the surgery and the biopsies sent to histopathological evaluation. Wounds swabs were made in all groups on the third and seventh days after the surgery and the samples sent for culture and bacterial isolation. The wounds treated with honey healed faster than treated with brown sugar.

Oslerus osleri is a small nematode that infects the respiratory tract of domestic and wild canids and is responsible for causing chronic nodular tracheobronchitis. This paper aims to report a case of parasitism by O. osleri in a free-living maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) that was struck by a motor vehicle. Fecal samples were collected, and the presence of spiral larvae, with “S”-shaped tails, was observed on flotation. This characteristic was compatible with the Filaroididae Family larvae of O. osleri. Although the animal did not show clinical signs of respiratory system impairment, a tracheobronchoscopy was performed. Semitransparent nodules, 5 mm in diameter, containing adult parasites were observed in the third distal portion of the trachea, cranial to the carina. Larval morphological characteristics and the nodular locations were compatible with an O. osleri respiratory tract infection.

Digital venography is a contrast angiography technique used to study digital vascularity. The technique is simple to be carried out and can be performed under field conditions using a standard radiographic unit. The venogram examination is used to complement conventional radiographic examinations in animals affected by foot diseases. Discrepancy in the contrast vascular pattern may be observed before the clinical signs of the foot disease. Digital venography studies in ruminants are in smaller number than those in horses. The herein presented review discusses digital venography techniques used in ruminants as well as the differences and similarities between ruminants (cattle, sheep and goat) and horses.

As proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) são um grupo de proteínas sanguíneas que apresentam alterações nas suas concentrações em animais acometidos por infecções, inflamações, trauma cirúrgico ou mesmo submetido ao estresse. São proteínas que alteram as suas concentrações em pelo menos 25% durante a inflamação. As PFA consistem em proteínas de fase aguda negativa e/ou positiva, diminuindo ou aumentando a sua concentração, respectivamente, em resposta a um estímulo inflamatório. Dentre as PFA negativas mais importantes estão a albumina e a transferina. As PFA positivas são a haptoglobina (Hp), proteína C-reativa (CRP), amiloide A-sérico (SAA), ceruloplasmina (Cp), fibrinogênio e a alfa 1 glicoproteina ácida(APG). As avaliações da concentração das PFA e proteínas totais propiciam subsídios para adequada interpretação do estado de hidratação, bem como de inflamação, infecção, doença imunomediada e alteração da síntese proteica. Sendo as PFA mediadores inflamatórios das respostas imunes agudas, e consideradas marcadoras das lesões teciduais na sua fase aguda nos animais, é importante realizar uma revisão sobre as PFA mais importantes e suas funções nos cães e gatos.

O levantamento foi realizado em duas áreas de várzea, eventualmente inundáveis, localizadas na Fazenda Experimental de Leopoldina, da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais. A área 1, de 3 ha, estava ocupada por uma pastagem de capim-angola (Brachiaria mutica), mal manejada e sem controle de plantas daninhas há mais de dez anos. A área 2, de 5 ha, estava ocupada por uma pastagem de capim-setária (Setaria anceps cv. Kazungula), implantada na estação chuvosa do ano anterior, cuja formação ficou prejudicada pelo baixo estabelecimento da forrageira. Para o estudo fitossociológico, utilizou-se o método do quadrado inventário, aplicado por meio de um quadrado de 1,0 m2, lançado ao acaso 19 vezes na área 1 e 41 vezes na área 2. As espécies encontradas foram identificadas e cadastradas. Na pastagem de capim-angola foram identificadas 27 espécies, distribuídas em 11 famílias e na pastagem de capim-setária 34 espécies distribuídas em 13 famílias. As famílias mais representativas em número de espécies foram: Poaceae (11), Asteraceae (6), Papilionoideae (5), Malvaceae e Euphorbiaceae (4). As maiores freqüências foram das seguintes espécies: Cynodon dactylon, Sida rhombifolia, Cyperus esculentus, Mimosa pudica, Senna occidentalis, Setaria anceps cv. Kazungula e Paspalum urvillei. Em geral, as duas áreas apresentaram-se infestadas com plantas daninhas, inclusive com plantas tóxicas, espinescentes e de baixa palatabilidade, reduzindo a capacidade de suporte animal dos pastos e impedindo o aproveitamento adequado das áreas pelos bovinos. An assessment was carried out of two contingently flooded low land areas, located at the Experimental Farm of Leopoldina, owned by Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)–Brazil–MG. Area 1 (3 ha) was cultivated with Angola-grass (Brachiaria mutica) pasture, not well managed and without any weed control for more than 10 years. Area 2 (5 ha) was occupied by Setaria grass (Setaria anceps cv. Kazungula) pasture which had been established in the previous rainy season, with forage being affected by the slow growth of the plants. For the phyto-sociological study, the inventory square method was applied through a square of 1,0 m2, randomly placed 19 times in area 1 and 41 times in area 2. The species found were identified and recorded. In the Angola-grass pasture, 27 species were identified, distributed in 11 families; in the Setaria grass pasture, 34 species were identified, distributed in 13 families. The most representative families in number of species were: Poaceae (11); Asteraceae (6); Papilionoideae (5); Malvaceae and Euphorbiaceae (4). The most frequent species were: Cynodon dactylon, Sida rhombifolia, Cyperus esculentus, Mimosa pudica, Senna occidentalis, Setaria anceps cv. Kazungula and Paspalum urvillei. In general, both areas were infested with weeds, including toxic, spinescent and rather unpalatable plants, reducing the animal support capacity of the pastures and preventing adequate utilization of the areas by the cattle.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do glyphosate nas estruturas anatômicas e morfológicas do caule e das folhas de duas espécies de Commelina, bem como investigar o envolvimento do amido de reserva na maior tolerância ao glyphosate de C. diffusa em relação a C. benghalensis. De 10 vasos cultivados de cada espécie, nove receberam 1.440 g ha-1 de glyphosate e um serviu como testemunha. Fragmentos de caule e folhas foram coletados e fixados nos tempos de zero (antes da aplicação do glyphosate), 15, 30 e 50 dias após a aplicação (DAA). O laminário histológico foi obtido conforme metodologia usual, enfatizando-se a aplicação do reagente lugol para verificação de amido. Atribuíram-se notas de 1 a 5, conforme a intensidade crescente da reação. Na folha, as células epidérmicas e os tecidos vasculares são pouco afetados; já o mesofilo é integralmente desorganizado, culminando com a morte das células. As injúrias são mais evidentes no caule e nas folhas de C. benghalensis. Morfologicamente, verificam-se regiões cloróticas e áreas necrosadas dispersas pela superfície foliar, culminando com a queda a partir do 15o DAA em C. benghalensis. Em C. diffusa, a abscisão foliar é mais tardia, apesar de as injúrias serem semelhantes. Ambas as espécies apresentaram maior quantidade de amido na região do nó que do entrenó. C. benghalensis tem poucos e pequenos grãos de amido, enquanto em C. difusa eles são grandes e numerosos. Em resposta à aplicação do glyphosate, houve variação na quantidade de grãos de amido no caule conforme o tempo após a aplicação. Assim, C. difusa terá sempre maiores possibilidades de se restabelecer após aplicação do glyphosate, por manter maior reserva de amido. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glyphosate in the anatomical and morphologic structures of leaves and stems of two species of Commelina, and to investigate the involvement of the starch reservation in larger tolerance to glyphosate of C. diffusa in relation to C. benghalensis. From 10 pots for each species, 9 were applied with 1440 g ha-1 of glyphosate and one was used as check. Fragments of stems and leaves were collected and fixed at time zero (before the application of glyphosate), 15, 30, and 50 days after the application (DAA). The histological slides were obtained according to the usual methodology, with emphasis to the application of the lugol reagent to check starch. Grades from 1 to 5 were given according to the growing intensity of the reaction. In leaves, the epidermal cells and the vascular tissues are just a little bit affected. How seer the mesophyll is completely disorganized, resulting in cell death. Injures are more obvious stems and leaves of C. benghalensis. Morphologically, clorotic regions and deceased spots all over the leaf surface lead to leaf fall after 15° DAA in C. benghalensis. In C. diffusa, the leaf abscission is delayed, despite the injuries are almost the same. Both species presented higher quantities of starch in the node region than the internode. C. benghalensis has few and small starch grains, compared to many and big grains in C. diffusa. In response to glyphosate application , there was a variation in the number of starch grains in the stem to the time after the application. C. diffusa will always have larger possibilities to recover after glyphosate application because of its larger reservation of starch.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:59Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-09-10 Studies were made to clarify the role that was played by the lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) in the epidemiological plan, under the perspective of its being a potential source of infection of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). The study used Specific-Pathogen-Free chicks (SPF) that were housed with lovebirds inoculated with a pathogenic strain (velogenic viscerotropic) of NDV pathogenic to chickens, by the ocular-nasal via. Each group was composed of six SPF chicks and four lovebirds. After five days of the inoculation of the lovebirds with NDV, SPF chicks were put together with each group of lovebirds. Cloacae swabs were collected after 9, 14 and 21 days post-challenge in both species (lovebirds and SPF chicks) for genome viral excretion by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Lovebirds did not demonstrate any clinical signs of NDV. They were refractory to the clinical disease with the NDV. However, NDV genome was detected 9 and 21 days after challenge. This study shows that lovebirds can be carriers NDV. Moreover, 100% of SPF chicks allocated with the infected lovebirds demonstrated clinical signs and lesions suggestive of NDV. In these birds, NDV genome was detected 9, 14 and 21 days after challenge. Thus, the transmission of the pathogenic virus from the lovebirds to SPF chicks that were housed together was evident until 21 days of the experimental infection. This study reveals the importance of lovebirds from the epidemiological point of view as potential source of infection of the NDV to other avian species that could be raised near this species. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012. Department of Veterinary Pathology FCAV - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo Department of Veterinary Clinics FMVZ - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Paraná Department of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo Department of Veterinary Pathology FCAV - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo Department of Veterinary Clinics FMVZ - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo

The effects of vaccination on avian blood parameters are poorly understood. The present study was designed to evaluate whether different strains (Ulster 2C, B1, live LaSota and inactivated LaSota) of Newcastle disease vaccines had an effect on the haematological profile of female turkeys. Seventy-five female turkeys were allocated to treatment groups according to vaccination strain. All the birds, except those in the control group, were vaccinated at 32 weeks of age and revaccinated at 40 and 48 weeks of age. Blood samples were obtained for haematological analyses and serum samples for the haemagglutination inhibition test. Haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in vaccinated female turkeys than in the control birds 28 days after vaccination. Monocytes were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 44-week-old female turkeys vaccinated with inactivated LaSota strain compared with the other groups. Turkeys vaccinated with the B1 strain showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total white blood cell counts compared with the other groups vaccinated with various commercial strains of the Newcastle disease virus. In conclusion, female turkeys showed significant differences in haemoglobin concentrations, monocytes and white blood cell counts when vaccinated against Newcastle disease.