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This article deals with the position of young people and the role of communist youth organizations in Istria in the years after the World War II. During this period, Istrians were torn between Yugoslavia and Italy, and a diplomatic struggle for territory was being waged. It will briefly address some of the aspects of young Croats and Italians’ daily lives, their political mobilization within larger organizations, and the challenges they faced due to political and social processes occurring during this period. Some of these included upbringing and education, ethnic coexistence, young people’s involvement in reconstructing and building the country through work actions, echoes of the conflict between Yugoslavia and Cominform among young people in Istria, and Italian emigration from Istria. This article will try to answer some questions about how young people coped with these processes in Istria, a troubled border area in a turbulent time, using primarily archival records kept in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb and relevant literature.

This dissertation presents a visual-ethnographic research of political graffiti created during World War II and the immediate postwar period in Istria, in present-day Croatia, by antifascist, communist and pro-Yugoslav organizations and activists. The main goal of the dissertation is twofold: first, the aim is to examine the historical, socio-political and ideological background of (post)war graffiti and, second and most importantly, to document and examine the still present, almost 80 years old, graffiti in Istria with the aim of a critical cultural analysis, that is an evaluation and interpretation of their meanings in the post-Yugoslav context of the borderland Istrian region. Methodologically, the research applied a mixed method strategy, combining visual-ethnographic methods (photography, observations, informal conversations, fieldnotes), secondary quantitative and qualitative methods (compositional interpretation, content analysis, semiological-interpretive analysis), and historical research (oral history, archival research, close reading of memoirs, testimonies, newspapers). On the historical level, the research determined that political graffiti were produced constantly during World War II, in the liberation phase and, especially, in the immediate postwar period (1945-1946), when a major graffiti production occurred in the context of geopolitical tensions evolving around the postwar Italo-Yugoslav border demarcation. The historical analysis showed how graffiti’s contents, functions and meanings, as well as graffiti writers’ experiences, were directly affected by the broader political processes, events and local/regional power relations. The visual-ethnographic fieldwork, focused on surviving (post)war graffiti in Istria, documented 1349 different forms of graffiti in 142 Istrian towns and villages. The analysis of the documented graffiti determined their multi-layered and complex compositional, linguistic, ideological and meaning structure, revealing four main ideological pillars around which the graffiti formation is articulated: the intertwined and mutually supportive Titoist-Yugoslav, communist-revolutionary, popular-national and antifascist-memory discursive lines, with Tito functioning as the main symbolic anchor of the whole formation. The visual-ethnographic research determined that (post)war graffiti are constituting a peculiar, but gradually disappearing and unrecognized, memory-scape imbued with historical-spatial markers that represent condensations of multiple (hi)stories, experiences and narratives, as well as a relevant graffitied historical archive constituted by genuine notes and expressions of a historical period and socio-political context that radically reshaped the borderland region. Pričujoča disertacija predstavlja izsledke vizualno-etnografskih raziskav političnih grafitov, ki so jih v Istri, ki je danes del Hrvaške, med drugo svetovno vojno in neposredno po njej ustvarjali antifašistični, komunistični in projugoslovanski aktivisti in organizacije. Disertacija ima dvojen cilj: (1) preučiti zgodovinska, družbeno-politična in ideološka ozadja (po)vojnih grafitov ter (2), in kar je najbolj pomembno, dokumentirati in preučiti še vedno navzoče, skoraj 80 let stare grafite z namenom kritične kulturne analize, tj. vrednotenja in interpretacije njihovih pomenov v postjugoslovanskem kontekstu obmejne istrske regije. V raziskavi je bila uporabljena strategija mešanih metod, ki je združevala vizualno-etnografske metode (fotografiranje, opazovanje, neformalni pogovori, terenski zapiski), sekundarne kvantitativne in kvalitativne metode (kompozicijska interpretacija, analiza vsebine, semiološko-interpretativna analiza) ter zgodovinske raziskave (ustna zgodovina, arhivske raziskave, natančno branje spominske literature, pričevanj in časopisov). Raziskava je na zgodovinski ravni pokazala, da so med drugo svetovno vojno politični grafiti vseskozi nastajali, tudi v fazi osvoboditve in zlasti neposredno po vojni (1945 – 1946), potem pa so se zelo razbohotili v kontekstu geopolitičnih napetosti glede povojne razmejitve med Italijo in Jugoslavijo. Zgodovinska analiza je pokazala, na kakšen način so na vsebino, funkcije in pomene grafitov ter izkušnje piscev grafitov neposredno vplivali širši politični procesi, dogodki in lokalna/regionalna razmerja moči. Vizualno-etnografsko terensko delo se je osredotočilo na ohranjene (povojne) grafite v Istri. Dokumentiralo je 1349 različnih oblik grafitov v 142 istrskih mestih in vaseh. Analiza dokumentiranih grafitov je določila njihovo večplastno in kompleksno kompozicijsko, jezikovno, ideološko in pomensko strukturo ter razkrila štiri glavne ideološke stebre, na katerih so nastale formacije grafitov: prepletene titoistično-jugoslovanske, komunistično-revolucionarne, ljudsko-nacionalne in antifašistično-spominske diskurzivne linije, ki so se vzajemno podpirale in pri katerih je glavno simbolno sidro celotne formacije Tito. Kot je pokazala vizualno-etnografska raziskava, (po)vojni grafiti sestavljajo značilno, vendar postopoma izginjajočo in (še) neprepoznano spominsko krajino, polno zgodovinsko-prostorskih označevalcev, ki strnjeno predstavljajo številne zgodbe in zgodovine, izkušnje in pripovedi.

U radu se donosi prijepis župne kronike Pićna koju je vodio Ivan Antun Težak (1776.  1837.). Zapisi su pisani kronološki od srpnja 1812. do kraja 1832. godine. Promatrano geografski Težak donosi podatke o Pićnu, događajima u široj okolici Pićna, tj. u Istri, te u Europi. U tematskom smislu posebno opsežan prostor pridaje opisivanju meteoroloških prilika te stanja u agraru Pićanštine., In the introductory part of the article, the review on hitherto known and published parish chronicles of Istria has been given. The parish chronicle of Pićan was until now not known. The chronicle has particular importance for historical research, because Pićan was formerly an episcopal see of millennial duration. The parish chronicle of Pićan was written by the parish priest and dean of Pićan Ivan Antun Težak (1776-1837). The author, that is writer of the chronicle was a prominent person within the society of Central Istria of that period, which is visible also from the records of the chronicle itself. In a separate chapter, rich content of the chronicle and its internal and external characteristics with an emphasis on linguistic specialties is briefly pointed at. The last part of the introduction presents principles of editing. The rest of the article gives the edition of the source. The chronicle contains the period of twenty years. It is written in chronological orded from July 1812 to the end of 1832, but in the first pages it recapitulate events since the abolishment of the diocese. Based on the chronicle, it is possible to reconstruct religious and administrative history of Pićan after the abolishment of the diocese of Pićan (Pedena) in more detail with respect to previous scholarship. Looking from the geographical point of view, Težak listed data on Pićan, events in wider surrounding of Pićan, that is Istria, but also mentioning some events in Europe. Regarding topics mentioned in the chronicle, he gives information on the very fact of the abolishment of the diocese, as well as those leading to the establishment of the parish of Pićan. Particularly great attention is awarded to describing meteorological situation and situation within the agrarian life of the Pićanština (Pićan area). The value of the chronicle is also in the author’s personal observations and evaluations of some social and political events characteristic for the first three decades of the nineteenth century. Težak was observer and commentator of not only local, but also of European politics. The last part of the article contains transcription of the prayers and detailed description of the way of administering sacrament of baptism in Croatian language.

Završetkom Drugoga svjetskog rata u Julijskoj krajini su zbog nemogućnosti rješavanja njezina državno-pravnog statusa uvedene vojne okupacijske uprave. Istra, Slovensko primorje i grad Rijeka postali su djelom Zone B Julijske krajine, kojom je upravljala Vojna uprava Jugoslavenske armije, dok su grad Pula s užom okolicom te Trst i Gorica s područjem koje ih je spajalo pripali Zoni A Julijske krajine, kojom je upravljala Saveznička vojna uprava (Allied Military Government). Ova podjela potrajala je do 15. rujna 1947. kada je na snagu stupila provedba Mirovnog ugovora između Jugoslavije i Italije. Vojna uprava u Zoni B svoju je vlast dijelila s civilnim vlastima, tj. narodnim odborima. Glavni predstavnik civilnih vlasti u Slovenskom primorju bio je Pokrajinski narodni odbor za Slovensko primorje, u Istri je istu funkciju imao Oblasni narodni odbor za Istru, dok je u Rijeci to bio Gradski narodni odbor za Rijeku. Obnova istarskog gospodarstva tekla je vrlo sporo. Većina industrije bila je uništena i opljačkana tijekom rata, a situaciju je dodatno otežavala nestašica materijala i opća neimaština. Problem vlastima stvarao je nedostatak stručnjaka, ali i radne snage. Obnovu gospodarstva dodatno je otežavala činjenica da su vlasti istovremeno morale voditi računa o osiguravanju minimalnih životnih uvjeta stanovništvu. U najvećoj mjeri to se odnosilo na nabavu hrane i saniranje porušenih kuća. Do kraja 1945. nije postojao nikakav plan obnove, nego se obnavljalo stihijski i prema važnosti, uglavnom kako bi stanovništvo osjetilo da se nešto poduzima za njihovo dobro. Krajem 1945. i početkom 1946. nastali su prvi planovi obnove. Prvi značajniji rezultati postignuti su u drugoj polovici 1946., ali nakon odluke mirovne konferencije da će Istra pripasti Jugoslaviji, odnosno nakon potpisivanja mirovnog sporazuma između Jugoslavije i Italije, obnova i razvoj su stali te se čekalo pripojenje. Veliki utjecaj na usporavanje obnove imala je politička indoktriniranost i kruto držanje ideoloških smjernica. Vojnim i civilnim vlastima u Zoni B najvažniji cilj bio je priključenje cijeloga tog područja Jugoslaviji, uključujući grad Pulu s okolicom (a po mogućnosti i Trst). At the end of the Second World War, in Istria, as well as in the rest of the region of Venezia Giulia, Allied forces and Yugoslav Army introduced military governments due to impossibility of solving the problem of Venezia Giulia legal status. Istria, Slovenian Littoral and the city of Rijeka became part of Zone B of Venezia Giulia, under the rule of Yugoslav Military Administration (YMA). On the other hand, the cities of Trieste and Gorica with the area between them, as well as the city of Pula with its suburbs, became part of Zone A of Venezia Giulia under the rule of Allied Military Government. Military governments in Venezia Giulia operated until the 15th September 1947, when the implementation of Yugoslav-Italian peace treaty came into force. Zone B was divided into three parts, which included Istria, Slovenian Littoral and the city of Rijeka. The Military Administration of Zone B shared its authority with the representatives of civil authorities in the form of people’s committees. The main representative of civilian authority in Slovenian Littoral was the Provincial People’s Committee. In Istria, it was the Regional People’s Committee for Istria and in the city of Rijeka, it was the City People’s Committee for Rijeka. The most important objective for military and civilian authorities in Zone B was the annexation of the whole area under YMA, including the city of Pula, to Yugoslavia. If possible, they wanted the city of Trieste, too. Although they were spending most of their energy to achieve the main objective of annexation, the authorities of Zone B had to find the strategy to normalize everyday life and provide a minimum standard of living for the population. The first step was establishing a functional administration as soon as possible. The biggest problems the authorities faced in that process were the unsolved legal status of Venezia Giulia, destroyed economy, industry and infrastructure, as well as general poverty. The economic recovery, along with the normalization of everyday life which included the psychological transformation in a peacetime way of thinking and living, was a big challenge for the authorities in Zone B. The whole process of economic and industrial recovery was aggravated by the lack of experience, experts, manpower and resources. Until the end of 1945 and the beginning of 1946, there were no plans of restoration, so the reconstructions were spontaneous and uncontrolled, mostly focused on the revitalization of coal mine industry and less damaged factories and other industry facilities. After some time, at the end of 1945, YMA in Zone B and Yugoslavia provided reconstruction loans, but the non-existence of reconstruction plans obstructed the progress. The first results of progress were felt in the second half of 1946, but it never achieved its full potential, mostly because of lack of material and financial resources. At the same time, the authorities needed to ensure a minimum standard of living for the population. Because of that, the whole process of economic and industrial restoration necessarily had to have a social character. The social security system took care of the most vulnerable social groups such as children, widows, war invalids, elders etc. The authority’s employment policy of all able-bodied in industry or administration also contributed to the improvement of the living standard of the population. The negative effect of that policy was the growth of the administrative apparatus, which led to bulkiness and administrative inefficiency. Something similar also happened in industry, where workers did not try too hard, because the payment was always the same, no matter of their work performance. The slow pace of the restoration process was further decelerated by the political indoctrination of individuals in power and rigid adherence to ideological guidelines. It was particularly expressed through the establishment of cooperatives that did not function due to organizational and personnel problems. The improper cooperative work had its biggest effect on trade and craftsmanship. For example, the struggle against private property went so far that some district authorities had banned all traders from work. In that situation, district authorities took over the trade, of which they did not know much. The consequence of their trade takeover was the complete paralysis of trade and inability of providing basic food necessities for the population of their district. The supply of population with food, clothing, footwear, medicine and other goods was insufficient and irregular also because of the general lack of goods, professional workforce, means of transport and, to a degree, because of illegal activities, such as smuggling. In an attempt to stop the uncontrolled outflow of goods, authorities in Zone B banned the export of any sort of food. This measure had some success, but also had some negative consequences, such as increased smuggling activity and number of seizures on the demarcation line between Zone A and Zone B. After-war smuggling was not something new on Istrian soil. It had been present in Istria since the early modern period, but now its character changed. Unlike in earlier periods, when groups and individuals had been mostly smuggling wine, oil, wood and other materials exclusively for profit, during the period of Italian rule it became a way of survival. Monopoly products have been largely replaced by food products and other household goods. Due to the inability of providing adequate food and household goods supply, the authorities were mostly very lenient towards small smugglers. On the other hand, the authorities put in a lot of effort to catch bigger smugglers who smuggled tobacco and tobacco products, cattle, wine and other alcoholic products, money, gold etc. However, most of the smuggling activities were associated with small smugglers who smuggled small amounts of goods on an everyday basis. All classes of society took part in such activities. Even the bishop of the diocese of Poreč and Pula was caught transferring larger amounts of flour and cigarettes than allowed. The most interesting fact about smuggling is that about 50 % of smugglers caught were women. Considering that during the war a huge number of men were killed, maimed, disabled, captured or still in the army, women took care of families. In the case of craftsmanship, authorities failed to realise that craftsmanship in Istria did not have productional characteristics and tried to gather small family crafts in productional cooperatives. The authorities thought that in that way Istrian craftsmanship would lead the restoration of the region by providing raw materials. It was completely wrong because Istrian craftsmanship was oriented toward repairs, not production. The restoration of industry was also, as everything else, slowed down by the lack of manpower, professional and skilled workforce. The situation was aggravated by the shortage of raw materials, destroyed facilities and unsolved legal problems. Some industries, like the fish processing industry, remained without machinery and finances after their Italian owners had left for Italy. Only the coal mines “Raša” remained mostly intact, but their equipment and mining methods were obsolete. Because of that, the coal industry did not stop working, but it had some production difficulties, due to the lack of manpower and materials. In the field of agriculture, the situation was very chaotic and production was not enough to feed the population, so Istria depended on external food import. In accordance with the ideological guidances, the authorities tried to increase the production by establishing agricultural cooperatives. However, that attempt failed very quickly. The main problem of Istrian agriculture production was the disunity of land holdings. Mechanized tillage was sparse and ineffective due to the parcelled and scattered land holdings. Therefore, the only purpose of Istrian agriculture was satisfying the basic nutrition needs of producers and their families. Small amounts of surpluses were intended for local market or exchange. Even the Agrarian reform was not been able to solve the main problems of Istrian agriculture. Problems like disunity of land holdings and lack of mechanization were present long after the war. During the YMA rule in Istria the authorities started with the reconstruction of economy and industry, but they were not able to reach the full potential of industrial production. The first results of economical and industrial reconstructions followed in the second half of 1946. Despite that, everything stopped after the peace conference decision that Istria would belong to Yugoslavia. From that time, until the official annexation in September 1947, the authorities were working exclusively on the legislative alignment with Yugoslavia, neglecting the economic and industrial reconstruction. The abandonment of the implementation of reconstruction plans was a consequence of the idea that the annexation to Yugoslavia would solve all economic problems singlehandedly.

This article analyses the Monte Paradiso hardcore punk festival in the city of Pula as an important subcultural event for the punk scene and its impact on tourism. The research aims to determine the importance of the festival in relation to tourism supply and the specific spatial features of this event. Pula was a military and industrial city, but it later became famous as a festival destination. In the summer of 1992, a group of punk enthusiasts organized the first Monte Paradiso festival. The event took place in an abandoned Austro-Hungarian fortress. That venue hosted the festival every summer from 1992 to 2000. The festival programme attracted numerous punk fans, but its impact on tourism was irrelevant. Since 2001, the festival has been organized in the Karlo Rojc Community Centre, housed in a former Yugoslav army building in the Monte Zaro urban district. The findings indicate that the festival has become a part of the city’s tourist promotion and the rebranding of Pula.

S obzirom na činjenicu da je uloga lokalnog stanovništva ključna u razvoju održivog turizma od velike je važnosti kontinuirano mjeriti, ispitivati i pratiti njihovu percepciju i stavove prema turističkim aktivnostima u njihovoj zajednici. Uzimajući u obzir ekonomske, sociokulturne i ekološke utjecaje turizma, ova studija istražuje ulogu percepcije stanovnika o navedenim utjecajima, razine njihove informiranosti o turističkim aktivnostima kao i socio-demografskih karakteristika u razini njihove potpore razvoju turizma. Istra je odabrana kao područje istraživanja jer se radi o županiji koja privlači najveći broj turista u Hrvatskoj, a zbog kontinuiranog rasta broja turista potrebno je analizirati kako se stanovnici nose s takvim trendovima i podržavaju li takav razvoj. U tu svrhu provedeno je terensko istraživanje u kojem je prikupljen 865 ispravno ispunjen anketni upitnik. Prikupljeni podaci su analizirani primjenom metoda deskriptivne statističke analize, analize pouzdanosti i regresijske analize. Rezultati ukazuju na to da što su percepcije ekonomskih i sociokulturnih utjecaja turizma pozitivnije, to je veća potpora lokalnog stanovništva njegovom daljnjem razvoju. S druge strane, percepcije o utjecaju turizma na okoliš, kao i socio-demografske karakteristike stanovnika, nisu se pokazale kao značajni prediktori potpore razvoju turizma. Zanimljiv nalaz se odnosi na činjenicu da, kada je riječ o potpori razvoju turizma, nema značajnih razlika između stanovnika koji žive na obali Istre i onih koji žive udaljenije od mora., Considering that the role of local people in the development of sustainable tourism is crucial, it is of great importance to continuously measure, observe and monitor their perception and attitude towards tourism activities in their community. Taking into account the economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts of tourism, this study examines the role of residents’ perceptions of these impacts, their level of information about tourism activities and socio-demographic characteristics in determining the extent of their support for tourism development. Istria was chosen as the study area because it is the region with the highest number of tourists in Croatia. Due to the continuous increase in the number of tourists, there is a need to find out how residents deal with such trends and support such development. A field study was conducted, in which 865 completed questionnaires were correctly recorded. The collected data were analyzed using the methods of descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis and regression analysis. The results show that the more positive the perception of economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism, the greater the support of local people for further tourism development. In contrast, perceptions of environmental impacts of tourism and socio-demographic characteristics of residents were not found to be significant predictors of residents’ support. An interesting result is the fact that there are no significant differences in support for tourism development between residents living on the coast of Istria and those living far from the sea.

The part of the Istrian peninsula belonging to the Republic of Croatia is an officially Croatian-Italian bilingual county, where bilingualism is realized both de jure and de facto. Apart from Croatian and Italian, other Romance and Slavic varieties are spoken and the linguistic situation has therefore been described as that of a double diglossia or imperfect polyglossia (Milani Kruljac 1990). Research on the linguistic landscape in officially bilingual territories, such as the Istrian Region, can be particularly useful to study the relationship of language power and prestige, the implementation of language policies and the degree of openness of different languages and cultures (see Backhaus, 2007). In this paper, we will give a brief state of the art on the study of the linguistic landscape (LL) in Croatia, especially in the officially bilingual city of Pula/Pola and give some new data on the LL of the city. Following Ben-Rafael et al. (2006)’s definition both top-down and bottom-up signs were considered in order to document the variety of the linguistic repertoire. All the signs were coded by adopting the analytical coding categories suggested by Backhaus (2007). The results shed light both on the implementation of language policies and on the degree of multilingualism in the city.

Glauconite is usually found as a replacement of bioclasts and faecal pellets through neoformation and replacement of iron rich smectite in deepwater environments on the shelf-slope break. In the last two decades the formation of glauconite in shallow water environments was progressively more recognized and utilized in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. The Lower Kimmeridgian to Late Tithonian Zlatni rat (ZR) clay is also one of the examples of glauconite formation in shallow water environment and a rare example of glauconite formation from a palaeosol. The ZR clay occurrence represents a decimetre thick horizon of grey clay embedding the black pebbles. The clay is also present as infills of the karstified channels and fissures in the karstified bedrock, where glauconite is found in the contact zone between the clay and the carbonate bedrock. The clay is primarily composed from mixed-layered illite– smectite, 2M1 illite, kaolinite, vermiculite, pyrite, marcasite and titanium oxides. The clay itself can be identified as a palaeosol, with abundant vertic features, which formed in contact with the marine environment, indicated by the high Sr/Ba ratios and enrichment of heavy rare earth elements and a slight negative cerium anomaly. The presence of glauconite was confirmed by both SEM- EDS, XRPD and FTIR. The glauconite formed mainly through the fixation of potassium and iron into illite and illite–smectite, but there is also strong evidence of its neoformation through bacterially mediated dissolution of present phyllosilicates. The source of iron was most likely terrigenous, as there is evidence for a ferralitic input through the presence of kaolinite in the ZR clay and contemporaneous ferralitic soils in the vicinity. Glauconite is also present in two forms: a dark green, more reduced form and a light green, more oxidized form. Both types of glauconite commonly display an alternation with pyrite in veins, which indicates the oscillations in the redox potential during glauconite formation. This probably happened as a consequence of variations in water column depth, which can be taken as evidence of an oscillating transgression. The final drowning of the ZR clay is recorded with the precipitation of coarse euhedral pyrite, during which the deposition of lagoonal Upper Tithonian Kirmenjak limestones had started.

Terra rossa soils on the Istrian peninsula are generally considered polygenetic relict soils. They overlie and mark the youngest subaerial unconformity in the northwestern part of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform and are susceptible to erosional and redepositional processes. Terra rossa soils represent a valuable archive of information that can be used to understand present and past soil formation processes in the context of climate variability and landscape dynamics, especially in low-lying parts of the karst landscape where thicker deposits are typically found. We studied a 3 m thick terra rossa profile in a karst depression on the northernmost part of the southwestern Istrian planation surface and analysed the micromorphology, physical/chemical properties, geochemistry, bulk and clay mineralogy, and composition of heavy and light mineral fractions. The profile shows several signs of colluviation and polygenesis with clay distribution along the profile, clearly indicating lithic discontinuities. Kaolinization, along with iron oxide formation, is the dominant process in the studied profile. Ferralitization and lessivage processes were diagnosed throughout the profile, with intense clay translocation occurring despite the extremely stable soil microaggregates. In accordance with the WRB system, the profile is classified as Lixic Rhodic Ferralsol (Clayic, Aric). This implies that some terra rossa soils, previously classified as e.g. Cambisols or Luvisols, might actually be Ferralsols or other tropical soils (e.g. Lixisols), in which relict properties are preserved in the present climate. The finding of a Ferralsol in the study area indicates the old age of the surface of the karst depression and provides the first data on the burial history of the southwestern Istrian planation surface. We suggest the older Quaternary interglacials, the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (Pliocene) and the Miocene Climatic Optimum as favourable periods for the formation of the studied soil.

Corythucha arcuata (Hemiptera; Tingidae), i.e. oak bug is an invasive alien species from North America that has rapidly spread in Europe. It was first reported in Croatia in 2013, and in the following years it has spread rapidly toward the west of the continental part of the country, infesting 200,000 ha of Quercus robur L. forest stands. Oak lace bug causes losses in chlorophyll, which has a negative influence on photosynthesis and transpiration activity, as well as on the health status of oak trees. We conducted our study on two sites in the Mediterranean region in Istria, Croatia, where infestation with oak lace bug has not been recorded. Results showed new records of oak lace bug in Istria. Q. pubescens Willd. is the dominant tree species in Sub-Mediterranean forests in Istria, so it will be interesting to follow the spread and preferences of oak lace bug for Q. robur and Q. pubescens in Istria, as well as in other coastal Q. pubescens and Q. ilex L. forests in Croatia. We assume that the negative influence of oak lace bug coupled with other biotic and abiotic stressors in the Mediterranean region will probably have some influence on the health status of oak trees.

This paper examines the migration and origins of Roman citizens in Histria based mainly on epigraphical sources. It focuses on the origins and identity of the newcomers who settled permanently in the region during the entire Imperial period. It looks into free individuals who migrated voluntarily in search of a better life and trade earnings, and others who settled as veterans or found refuge in Histria from troubles in their homeland. The legal status of settlers, visitors, and immigrants was resolved by special decisions, as evidenced by the inscription on the use of thermal baths near Buje, which records the decurions' permission to the colonists, incolae, and foreigners to bathe. Inscriptions confirm various types of migration in Histria, seasonal, temporary, and permanent. Members of the municipal aristocracy and Augustals retained their status after the relocation. Several veterans, mostly born in Italy, settled permanently in Histria. Particularly interesting is the case of Rasparaganus, King of the Sarmatian tribe of Roxolani, who died and was buried with his family on the small island in Pola. Among migrants without ties to the military or the administration but who came to Histria because of their profession or in search of higher earnings, clothing merchants stand out. Temporary visitors were registered in important religious and health centres. Finally, the paper examines city patrons coming from another city to establish whether they can be considered migrants.

International audience

Ovaj rad bavi se eksploatacijom, odnosno iskorištavanjem kamene sirovine na području Istarskog poluotoka za vrijeme prapovijesti i antike. Iako se na Istarskom poluotoku pojavljuju različite mineralne sirovine, mi smo svoje istraživanje ograničili na silicijske i karbonatne sedimentne stijene. Uvodni dio rada bavi se problematikom istraživanja različite kamene sirovine u mlađoj prapovijesti i antici na području hrvatskog dijela Istarskog poluotoka. Odredili smo geografski prostor istraživanja, kao i kronološke granice. Uvodni dio sadrži i opis metodologije istraživačkog rada. Istraživački rad velikim dijelom odnosio se na terenske preglede primarnih i sekundarnih ležišta rožnjaka, gradinskih naselja te antičkih kamenoloma. Uzeti su petrografski uzorci za rastuću bazu podataka. Drugo poglavlje pod nazivom „Geološka građa površinskih naslaga Istarskog poluotoka“ sadrži opis geomorfoloških karakteristika te detaljan opis geološke građe Istarskog poluotoka, s naglaskom na karakteristične fosile i mikrofosile za pojedine formacije. Daje se kratki opis klasifikacije karbonatnih sedimentnih stijena po Dunhamu i Folku, a koja se koristila u analizi sakupljenih uzoraka vapnenaca i dolomita. Treće poglavlje nazvano „Iskorištavanje silicijskih sedimentnih stijena“ sadrži klasifikaciju silicijskih sedimentnih stijena, raspravu oko terminologije te popis primarnih i sekundarnih ležišta rožnjaka na području Istre. Poglavlje također donosi kratke opise petrografskih uzoraka rožnjaka s određenih ležišta. Pri kraju poglavlja izneseni su rezultati analiza sirovine, točnije rožnjaka u širem smislu, s prapovijesnih nalazišta Istre, a koji su dostupni u objavljenoj literaturi. U četvrtom poglavlju – „Iskorištavanje silicijskih sedimentnih stijena u prapovijesti Istre na primjeru neolitičkih nalazišta Kargadur i Vižula“ izneseni su rezultati cjelokupne litičke analize cijepanih litičkih izrađevina s neolitičkih nalazišta Kargadur i Vižula u južnoj Istri s posebnim osvrtom na analizu sirovina. U petom poglavlju po redu pod imenom „Mineraloško-petrografska analiza uzoraka silicijskih sedimentnih stijena s neolitičkih nalazišta Kargadur“ iznose se rezultati mikropetrografske analize izrađevina od lokalnih rožnjaka. Šesto poglavlje naslovljeno „Geokemijska analiza uzoraka silicijskih sedimentnih stijena“ donosi rezultate prve geokemijske analize na istarskom rožnjaku. Analizirane su dvije izrađevine s arheološkog nalazišta Kargadur te dva uzorka s pretpostavljenog ishodišnog vi ležišta. Interpretirani su rezultati te izneseni komentari o budućim geokemijskim analizama istarskog rožnjaka. Naziv sedmog poglavlja je „Iskorištavanje karbonatnih sedimentnih stijena u prapovijesti“. Ovo poglavlje sadrži pregled korištenja karbonatnih sedimentnih stijena u razdoblju prapovijesti te pregled prapovijesnih gradina na cjelokupnom području Istarskog poluotoka. Najopsežnije korištenje karbonatnih sedimentnih stijena tijekom prapovijesti bilo je u obliku materijala za izradu suhozidnih bedema gradina. „Iskorištavanje karbonatnih sedimentnih stijena u antici“ naziv je osmog i najopsežnijeg poglavlja u radu. Ovdje se daje pregled antičkih kamenoloma s obzirom na njihovu administrativnu pripadnost određenom ageru – tršćanskom, parentinskom ili pulskom. Izneseni su rezultati terenskih pregled kamenoloma te njihovi opisi. U ovom poglavlju dan je kratki opis kamenarskih aktivnosti i alata korištenog tijekom rada na kamenu – od vađenja kamenih blokova do gotovog proizvoda. Također se daje pregled tragova koji određeni alat ostavlja na kamenu u određenim koracima rada. Naziv devetog poglavlja je „Mineraloško-petrografska analiza uzoraka karbonatnih sedimentnih stijena“. Ovo poglavlje donosi pregled prapovijesnih i antičkih nalazišta s kojih su uzeti uzorci vapnenaca i dolomita te rezultate analize tih uzoraka. Uzorke iz arheoloških konteksta usporedili smo s uzorcima iz izdanaka i kamenoloma za koje pretpostavljamo da su njihovo izvorište. Deseto poglavlje pod nazivom „Transport kamenih blokova u antici“ govori o mogućnostima vodenog i kopnenog transporta na području Desete regije. Poglavlje donosi popis i položaj uvala u kojima su sačuvane rimske lučke konstrukcije te uvala koje su pogodne za sidrenje, te kopneni prometni pravci i njihova pretpostavljena pružanja na području poluotoka. Ovo poglavlje također donosi analizu prostornog rasporeda kamenoloma u usporedbi s obližnjim lukama ili cestama. U jedanaestom poglavlju nalazi se rasprava o iznesenim podacima i rezultatima doktorskog istraživanja te se sve stavlja u širi geografski kontekst. U zaključnom poglavlju izneseni su zaključci na temelju podataka i razmatranja u prethodnim poglavljima. This paper deals with the exploitation of stone raw material in the Croatian part of the Istrian peninsula during prehistory and antiquity. Although various mineral resources occur on the Istrian peninsula, we have limited our research to siliceous and carbonate sedimentary rocks. The introductory part of the dissertation deals with the issue of research of various stone raw materials in younger prehistory and antiquity in the Croatian part of the Istrian peninsula. We determined the geographical space of the research, as well as the chronological boundaries. The introductory part also contains a description of the research methodology. The research work was mostly related to field surveys of primary and secondary deposits of chert or flint, hillfort settlements and roman quarries. Petrographic samples were taken for the growing database. The second chapter entitled "Geological structure of surface deposits of the Istrian peninsula" contains a description of geomorphological characteristics and a detailed description of the geological structure of the Croatian part of the Istrian peninsula, with emphasis on the characteristic fossils and microfossils for individual formations. A brief description of the Dunham and Folk carbonate sedimentary rock classification is given, which was used in the analysis of the collected limestone and dolomite samples. The third chapter, entitled "Exploitation of siliceous sedimentary rocks", contains a classification of siliceous sedimentary rocks, a discussion of terminology and a list of primary and secondary chert deposits in Istria. The chapter also provides brief descriptions of petrographic chert samples from the sampled deposits. At the end of the chapter, the lithic analysis of finds from prehistoric sites of Istria, which are available in the published literature, are presented, with an emphasis on the analysis of used raw material. The fourth chapter - "The use of siliceous sedimentary rocks on Neolithic sites Kargadur and Vižula" presents the results of the overall lithic analysis of knapped lithic artifacts from the Neolithic sites Kargadur and Vižula in southern Istria. The fifth chapter, entitled "Mineralogical-petrographic analysis of artifacts made from siliceous sedimentary rocks from the Neolithic sites of Kargadur" presents the results of micropetrographic analysis of artifacts from local chert. The sixth chapter entitled "Geochemical analysis of siliceous sedimentary rock samples" brings the results of the first geochemical analysis on Istrian chert. Two artifacts from the Kargadur archaeological site and two samples from the presumed source sites were viii analysed – one from Vižula and one from Marlera. The results are interpreted and comments on future geochemical analyses of the Istrian chert are presented. The title of the seventh chapter is "Exploitation of carbonate sedimentary rocks in prehistory". This chapter contains an overview of the use of carbonate sedimentary rocks in the prehistoric period and an overview of prehistoric hillforts in the entire area of the Istrian peninsula. The most extensive use of carbonate sedimentary rocks during prehistory was in the form of materials for the construction of dry-stone ramparts. "Exploitation of carbonate sedimentary rocks in antiquity" is the title of the eighth and most comprehensive chapter in the paper. We present an overview of ancient quarries with regard to their administrative affiliation to a particular ager - Tergeste, Parentium or Pola. The results of the field survey of the quarries and their descriptions are presented. This chapter gives a brief description of stonemasonry activities and tools used during stonework - from extracting stone blocks to the finished product. It also gives an overview of the traces that a particular tool leaves on the stone in certain steps of the work. The title of the ninth chapter is "Mineralogical-petrographic analysis of carbonate sedimentary rock samples". This chapter provides an overview of prehistoric and ancient sites from which limestone and dolomite samples were taken, and the results of the analysis of these samples. We compared samples from archaeological contexts with samples from outcrops and quarries that we assume are their source. The tenth chapter entitled "Transport of stone blocks in antiquity" talks about the possibilities of water and land transport in the Regio Decima. The chapter provides a list and position of bays in which Roman port structures have been preserved and bays suitable for anchoring, as well as Roman road routes and their presumed directions in the peninsula. This chapter also provides an analysis of the quarries’ spatial distribution compared to nearby ports or roads. The eleventh chapter discusses the presented data and the results of the doctoral research and puts everything in a broader geographical context. The concluding chapter presents conclusions based on the data and considerations in the previous chapters.

U uvodnome dijelu rada opisuje se kontekst pavlina i njihovih samostana u Istri u XVIII. stoljeću, iza čega se donosi pregled početaka samostana u Svetom Petru u Šumi nakon što su ga pavlini preuzeli od benediktinaca sredinom XV. stoljeća te kratak pregled povijesti arhitekture samostanskoga sklopa i crkve sv. Petra i Pavla. U idućim se poglavljima kataloški i kontekstualno obrađuje oprema crkve koju je izradio Paulus Riedl, a koja uključuje pet oltara, propovjedaonicu, ispovjedaonice, crkvene i korske klupe, kućište orgulja te kamene skulpture na pročelju crkve. Osim crkvene opreme, obrađuju se i oltarne pale spomenutih oltara koje su djela Leopolda Keckheisena. Uz opremu i slike, spominju se i sačuvane kožne tapete na zidovima prvih dvaju bočnih oltara kao jedinstven primjer kožnih zidnih obloga sačuvanih in situ, te kamena kalvarija u neposrednoj blizini crkve. Rad se zaključuje osvrtom na specifičnu pavlinsku ikonografiju, na njihove najčešće prikazivane svece i simbole, kao i osvrtom na kopiju ikone Majke Božje Čenstohovske u crkvi koja je, po predaji, početkom XVIII. stoljeća ronila suze. The introductory part of the thesis describes the context of the Pauline Fathers and their monasteries in Istria in the 18th century, followed by an overview of the beginnings of the monastery in Sveti Petar u Šumi after the Pauline Fathers had taken it over from the Benedictines during the 15th century, and a short review of the architectural history of both the monastery and the church of St. Peter and Paul. The following chapters cover a detailed catalog and contextual description of the church furniture made by Paulus Riedl, which includes five altars, the pulpit, two confessionals, pews, two choir stalls, the organ case and the stone sculptures on the church’s west front. Aside from the church furniture, the thesis furthermore handles the altarpieces of the aforementioned altars, painted by Leopold Keckheisen. Additionally, the thesis mentions the leather wallpapers preserved in situ on the walls of two of the altars, as well as the stone cavalry in the immediate vicinity of the church. The thesis concludes with a review of the specific Pauline iconography, of the Pauline saints, their symbols, and the way they are represented, as well as a review of the copy of the icon Mother of God from Częstochowa which, according to some sources, “cried” at the beginning of the 18th century.

Giuseppina Martinuzzi, insegnante, letterata, poetessa, rivoluzionaria e prima donna socialista istriana, nacque nel 1884 ad Albona, in Istria. Durante la sua carriera pedagogica si preoccupa in particolare delle mancanze nell’istruzione e del problema dell’analfabetismo. Dopo aver lasciato l’insegnamento si dedica alla carriera politica durante la quale continua a educare il popolo. Pubblica molti articoli in numerosi giornali italiani e istriani, fonda a Trieste due giornali letterari, il Pro Patria e Pro Patria Nostra, e collabora con diversi intellettuali italiani. Il suo carattere combattivo era evidente nei suoi articoli, nelle poesie, nelle conferenze, tenute in Istria e a Trieste, e nelle battaglie per uguaglianza nazionale. Le sue opere si concentrano sulle povere condizioni del popolo istriano ed esaminano i problemi sociali come la povertà, la mancanza di scuole, l’analfabetismo e l’odio tra i due popoli conviventi nella penisola istriana, gli italiani e gli slavi. Lottava inoltre per i diritti dei fanciulli e degli operai, svelando le difficili condizioni lavorative nelle miniere in Istria. Tramite le sue opere e varie conferenze Giuseppina Martinuzzi promuoveva l’idea socialista come la soluzione ideale a vari problemi presenti nella società. Giuseppina Martinuzzi, teacher, scholar, poetess, revolutionist, and first Istrian Female Socialist, was born in Labin, in 1884. Throughout her pedagogical career, she notably dealt with the lack of education, and with the problem of illiteracy. After leaving teaching, she devoted herself to a political career, during which she continued educating the nation. She issued many articles in numerous Italian and Istrian newspapers, founded two literary journals, the Pro Patria and the Pro Patria Nostra in Trieste, and collaborated with several Italian intellectuals. Her fighting nature can be seen in her articles, poetry, and lectures, which were held in Istria and Trieste, and in battles for national equality. Her works focus on the poor conditions of the Istrian nation and examine various social ills, such as poverty, lack of schools, illiteracy, and hate among the two cohabiting nations of the Istrian peninsula, Italians and Slavs. Moreover, she fought for the rights of the children, and of workpeople, unveiling the difficult working conditions of Istrian mines. Through her works and lectures, Giuseppina Martinuzzi promoted the Socialist idea as an ideal solution to many problems that were present in society. Giuseppina Martinuzzi, učiteljica, književnica, pjesnikinja, revolucionarka i prva istarska socijalistkinja, rodila se u Labinu 1884. Tijekom njezine pedagoške karijere bavila se ponajviše nedostatkom obrazovanja i problemom nepismenosti. Nakon što je napustila pedagošku karijeru, posvetila se političkoj karijeri tijekom koje je nastavila obrazovati narod. Objavljuje mnoge članke u brojnim talijanskim i istarskim novinama, osniva i dva književna časopisa u Trstu, Pro Patria i Pro Patria Nostra i surađuje s različitim talijanskim intelektualcima. Njezin borben karakter vidljiv je u njezinim člancima, poezijama i predavanjima, koja su se održavala u Istri i u Trstu, te u njezinim borbama za nacionalnu ravnopravnost. Njezina se djela fokusiraju na siromašne uvjete istarskog naroda i proučavaju razne socijalne probleme, poput siromaštva, nedostatka škola, nepismenosti, ali i mržnje između dva naroda koji dijele suživot na istarskom poluotoku, Talijana i Slavena. Štoviše, borila se je za prava djece i radnika, otkrivajući teške uvjete rada u istarskim rudnicima. Kroz svoja je djela i predavanja, Giuseppina Martinuzzi promicala ideju socijalizma kao idealno rješenje za mnogobrojne probleme koji su bili prisutni u društvu.

Gornjokredne naslage sjeverozapadne Istre pripadaju trećoj taložnoj megasekvenci (gornji alb–donji kampan) karbonatnih naslaga Istre kao dijela Jadranske karbonatne platforme. Na 14 prikupljenih uzoraka naslaga na lokalitetu Savudrije provedena je mikropaleontološka analiza. Analizom je određeno i opisano sveukupno 14 taksona bentičkih organizama (uglavnom bentičke foraminifere), prisutnih u pet mikrofacijesa. Pomoću značajnijih mikrofosilnih vrsta bentičkih foraminifera određena je starost istraživanih naslaga kao srednji do mlađi cenoman. Određena mikrofosilna zajednica te mikrofacijesi u kojima se pojavljuju korelirani su s neformalmom formacijom Milna određenom na otoku Braču. Utvrđeno je da su naslage taložene na unutarnjem dijelu karbonatne platforme gdje su se uvjeti mijenjali od stabilnijih potplimnih (subtajdalnih), do nestabilnijih plimnih (intertajdalnih). The Upper Cretaceous deposits of northwestern Istria belong to the third sedimentary megasequence (upper Albian-lower Campanian) of carbonate deposits of Istria as part of the Adriatic carbonate platform. A micropaleontological analysis was carried out on 14 samples of deposits collected at the Savudrija locality. In the analysis a total of 14 taxa of benthic organisms (mainly foraminifera, present through five microfacies) were determined and described. Using the more significant microfossil species of benthic foraminifera, the age of the investigated deposits was determined as middle to upper Cenomanian. The determined microfossil community and the microfacies in which they appear are correlated with the informal Milna formation on the island of Brač. It was found that the deposits were deposited on the inner part of the carbonate platform where the conditions changed from more stable subtidal to more unstable tidal (intertidal).

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je opisati taložne okoliše podinskih donjoaptskih plitkovodnih karbonatnih i krovinskih albskih transgresivnih karbonatnih naslaga gornjoaptske emerzije, te u njima odrediti taložne okoliše kao i sastav mikrofosilnih zajednica i njihovu starost. Također će se kratko opisati glavna obilježja gornjoaptske emerzije, tj. prekida taloženja kao važnog regionalnog događaja na Jadranskoj karbonatnoj platformi. Za potrebe ovoga rada korišteni su uzorci i podaci prikupljeni u kamenolomu Tri Jezerca u blizini mjesta Selina (sjeverno od ceste Kanfanar - Sv. Lovreč). Na temelju sedimentoloških i mikropaleontoloških rezultata terenskog i laboratorijskog rada (ukupno 60 uzoraka) izrađeni su detaljni geološki stupovi i utvrđena dva mikrofacijesa u podini i četiri u krovini. Na temelju mikrofosilne zajednice dokazana je starijeaptska starost podine i starijeaptska i albska/mlađealbska starost krovine. The aim of this thesis is to describe the depositional environments of the underlying Lower Aptian shallow-water carbonate and upperlying Albian transgressive carbonate deposits of the Upper Aptian emersion, and to determine the depositional environments as well as the composition of microfossil assemblage and their age. The main features of the Upper Aptian emersion will also be briefly described. Samples and data collected in the Tri Jezerca quarry near the town of Selina (north of the road Kanfanar - Sv. Lovreč) were studied for the purpose of this work. Based on the sedimentologic and micropaleontologic results of the field and laboratory work (a total of 60 samples), detailed geological columns were made and two microfacies were described in the underlying beds and four in the upperlying beds. Microfossil assemblage indicates the Early Aptian age of the underlying beds and the Early Aptian and Albian/Late Albian age for the upperlying beds.

Predmeti istraživanja ovog rada su baranjski i istarski ruralni turizam. Cilj ovog rada je analiza razvojnih značajki ruralnog turizma Baranje i Istre radi međusobne komparacije te utvrđivanje potencijala ruralnog turizma Baranje kao potencijalnog impulsa nužnih prostornih promjena te gospodarske i demografske revitalizacije tog kraja. U prvom dijelu rada korištena je analiza stručne literature na temu ruralnog turizma i dostupnih statističkih podataka vezanih uz posjete i noćenja ruralnih turista za Istru i Baranju. U drugom dijelu rada korištena je metoda anketiranja mlade populacije (do 30 godina) s ciljem utvrđivanja turističke i tržišne potražnje baranjskog i istarskog turizma i to kroz dvije ankete – jedna o Baranji i jedna o Istri. Intervjuirani su i predstavnici TZ Baranje i TZ Istre radi utvrđivanja utjecaja ruralnog turizma na prostor Baranje i na prostor ruralne Istre. Navedenim metodama utvrđeno je da odrednice, obilježja i faktori razvoja ruralnog turizma Istre i Baranje stavljaju Istru u superiorniji položaj nad Baranjom u ruralno – turističkom kontekstu, ali i da je utjecaj ruralnog turizma Istre i Baranje na prostorne, gospodarske i demogeografske značajke pozitivan i međusobno vrlo sličan. Također je utvrđeno da su perspektiva i dodatne mogućnosti razvoja ruralnog turizma u Istri obećavajuće, povoljne i realne te da je mogućnost razvoja ruralnog turizma u Baranji po primjeru istarskog modela realistična i izvediva. S druge pak strane pokazalo se da ruralni turizam Baranje još uvijek nema u tolikoj mjeri izražen potencijal biti turistički i tržišni prepoznatljiv kao ruralni turizam Istre. Subjects of the research of master's thesis are rural tourism in Baranja and Istria. Purpose of the research is to analyze features of development of rural tourism in Baranja and Istria for mutual comparison and to determine potential of rural tourism in Baranja as potential impulse of necessary spatial changes and economic and demographic revitalization of that area.As for the methodology of the work, the first part of the work used an analysis of professional literature on the topic of rural tourism and available statistical data related to visits and overnight stays by rural tourists for Istria and Baranja. In the second part of the paper, the method of surveying the young population (up to 30 years old) is used with the aim of determining the tourist and market demand of Baranja and Istrian tourism through two surveys - one about Baranja and one about Istria. Furthermore, representatives of the TZ Baranja and TZ Istria were interviewed in order to determine the impact of rural tourism on the area of Baranja and on the area of rural Istria. Using the aforementioned methods, it was shown that the determinants, characteristics and factors of the development of rural tourism in Istria and Baranja put Istria in a superior position over Baranja in the rural-tourism context. However,the impact of rural tourism in Istria and Baranja on spatial, economic and demographic features is positive and very similar to each other. It was also shown that the perspectives and additional opportunities for the development of rural tourism in Istria are promising, favorable and realistic, and that the possibility of developing rural tourism in Baranja based on the example of the Istrian model is realistic and certain. On the other hand, it turned out that the rural tourism of Baranja still does not have the potential to be as recognizable in the tourist and market as the rural tourism of Istria.

Uzorci lapora s lokaliteta Jakomići (Pazinski bazen) analizirani su s ciljem odredbe starosti naslaga te paleoekološke interpretacije okoliša u kojem su one nastale. Napravljeni su mikroskopski preparati laboratorijskom metodom primjerenom za madstone bogate organskom tvari. Određene su vrste vapenačkog nanoplanktona te je provedena kvantitativna analiza zastupljenosti pojedinih taksona. Na temelju prvih i zadnja pojava vrsta Furcatolithus obtusus te Sphenolithus spiniger određene su podzone MNP16Bc te MNP17A, što odgovara bartonu (gornji dio srednjeg eocena). Kokolitoforidnim zajednicama dominiraju vrste Reticulofenestra bisecta (s 21% udjela u zajednici) koja ukazuje na CIE (Carbon Isotope Excursion) fazu (faza povećane eutrofikacije u okolišu) srednje eocenskog toplinskog optimuma (Middle Eocene Climate Optimum, MECO) i Reticulofenestra producta (25%) koja je karakteristična za post-MECO fazu. Prisutnost kokolita malog morfotipa vrste Coccolithus pelagicus (7 μm) koji su indikatori hladnijih marinskih predjela, a samim time i eutrofikacije u okolišu te toplovodne jedinke Sphenolithus spp. prilagođene oligotrofičnim okolišima upućuju na postojanje nutrikline i termokline u proučavanom području. In order to determine the age of the deposits and paleoecological conditions of the environment, marl samples from Jakomići locality in Pazin basin were analyzed. The samples were laboratory processed by method for organic rich mudstones and prepared for microscopic analysis. Further taxonomic determination of calcareous nannoplankton was done together with quantitative research methods. Based on the first and last occurrences of the species Furcatolithus obtusus and Sphenolithus spiniger, subzones MNP16Bc and MNP17A of Bartonian were determined. Coccolithophorid assemblages are dominated by the species Reticulofenestra bisecta (21%) and Reticulofenestra producta (25%) respectively. Reticulofenestra bisecta indicates the CIE phase (Carbon Isotope Excursion, enhanced eutrophic phase) of the Middle Eocene Climate Optimum (MECO), while Reticulofenestra producta is characteristic of the post-MECO phase. The presence of the small morphotype Coccolithus pelagicus (7 μm), which is a cold water indicator and a warm water indicator of Sphenolithus spp. adapted to oligotrophic environments points to the existence of nutrilicline and thermocline in the water column.

Ovaj se diplomski rad temelji na sociolingvističkom istraživanju kojim se pokušalo utvrditi kako istarski srednjoškolci percipiraju različite jezične varijetete hrvatskoga jezika koji se govore u Istri i Hrvatskoj te kamo ih zemljopisno smještaju. Kao teorijski okvir poslužila nam je percepcijska dijalektologija, sociolingvistička poddisciplina i dio pučke lingvistike čija je temeljna metoda prikupljanja podataka iscrtavanje karte (draw-a-map). Učenici su popunjavali sociolingvističke upitnike koji su sadržavali slijepe karte Republike Hrvatske i Istarske županije, a ispitanici su odgovarali i na pitanja otvorenog tipa. Rad je usmjeren na proučavanje konvencionalizirane veze između jezičnih varijeteta i mentalnih karata ispitanikâ, no pritom se uzimaju u obzir raznovrsni čimbenici koji se tiču sprege jezika i regionalnog identiteta u Istri, vrednovanja varijeteta koje su ispitanici označili s obzirom na točnost, društvenu privlačnost i intelektualnu sposobnost govornika koji njima govore (odnosno otvoreni i prekriveni prestiž), jezičnih ideologija, ali i same dijalektalne raznolikosti i sociolingvističke situacije u Hrvatskoj, koja čini makrorazinu istraživanja. Pozornost smo također obratili na prakse imenovanja, odnosno glotonime koje su rabili ispitanici. Potvrđene su opće tendencije u načinu označavanja karata u ovakvoj vrsti istraživanja: ispitanici su najčešće ucrtavali obilježene i lokalne varijetete, više su razlika uspostavljali oko svojeg mjesta stanovanja nego u udaljenijim područjima, a varijetet koji su procijenili kao najmanje razumljiv često je ujedno i najmanje društveno privlačan, točan ili prestižan. Utvrdili smo usto da u izgradnji takvih predodžbi sudjeluju semiotički procesi brisanja, ikoničnosti (poglavito fonetskih obilježja) i fraktalne rekurzivnost. Najobilježenijim varijetetom za istarske srednjoškolce na nacionalnoj razini pokazao se kajkavski, dok je na razini Istre to govor Labina. This MA thesis is based on sociolinguistic research intended for establishing the way in which Istrian high school students perceive different varieties of Croatian language spoken in Istria and Croatia, and the geographical space they would assign to these. As a theoretical framework we used perceptual dialectology, a subdiscipline of sociolinguistics and a part of folk linguistics that uses draw-a-map as its fundamental method of data collection. Students filled out sociolinguistic questionnaires that consisted of blank maps of the Republic of Croatia and the Istrian County, and participants also answered some open-ended questions. The thesis is aimed at studying a conventionalized link between language varieties and mental maps of the participants, whilst taking into consideration various factors related to the connection between language and regional identity in Istria, to evaluation of the varieties the participants have marked taking into account correctness, social attractiveness and intellectual capacity of their speakers (i.e. overt and covert prestige), to language ideologies, but also to the dialectal diversity itself, as well as to the sociolinguistic situation in Croatia, which constitutes the macro level of the research. We also paid attention to naming practices, that is, the glottonyms the participants used. General tendencies in the way of mapping in this kind of research have been confirmed: the participants most frequently mapped marked and local varieties, they established more diversity around their place of residence than in more remote areas, and the variety they evaluated as the least intelligible was, at the same time, the least socially attractive, correct, or prestigious. Moreover, we established that semiotic processes of erasure, iconization (especially of phonetical features) and fractal recursivity participate in the process of forming such ideas. For Istrian high school students, the most marked variety on the national level turned out to be the Kajkavian dialect, while on the Istrian level this turned out to be the speech of the Labin region.

Flora Nacionalnog parka Brijuni nije bila sustavno istraživana godinama, a zadnja takva istraživanja su provedena 1908. godine od strane Makowskog. Recentno su floru Malog Brijuna istraživali Bogdanović i Ljubičić 2018. god., a flora Velog Brijuna i 12 susjednih otoka i otočića je ostala potpuno neistražena. Provedena su terenska istraživanja tijekom 2020.-2021. godine kako bi se floristički istražila i kartirala flora cjelokupnog NP Brijuni te je ukupno utvrđeno 759 svojti, od čega su 202 zabilježene po prvi puti. Ukupno su zabilježene 102 porodice, od koji su najzastupljenije trave (Poaceae) sa 86 svojti i mahunarke (Fabaceae) s 85 svojti. Od ukupnog broja, 30 vrsta je ugroženo. Od životnih oblika u flori NP Brijuni najbrojniji su terofiti s 307 svojti, hemikriptofiti s 233 svojte, fanerofiti sa 78 svojti, geofiti sa 71 svojtom, hamefiti s 58 svojti te hidrofiti s 11 svojti. Ima 14 invazivnih vrsta, a kultiviranih biljaka ima ukupno 74 vrste. Zabilježena je samo jedna endemična vrsta (Limonium cancellatum). The flora of Brijuni National Park has not been systematically researched for years, and the last such research was conducted in 1908 by Makowsky. Recently, the flora of Mali Brijun was investigated by Bogdanović and Ljubičić in 2018, while the flora of Veli Brijun and 12 neighbouring islands and islets remained completely unexplored. Field research was conducted during 2020-2021 in order to floristically investigate and mapping the flora of the entire NP Brijuni, and a total of 759 taxa were identified, of them 202 for the first time. There are a total of 102 recorded families, of which the most represented are grasses (Poaceae) with 86 taxa and legumes (Fabaceae) with 85 taxa. Out of the total number, 30 species are endangered. Regarding the life forms in the flora of NP Brijuni, the most numerous are therophytes with 307 taxa, hemicryptophytes with 233 taxa, phanerophytes with 78 taxa, geophytes with 71 taxa, hamephytes with 58 taxa and hydrophytes with 11 taxa. There are 14 invasive species, and 74 species of cultivated plants. Only one endemic species (Limonium cancellatum) was recorded.

This paper analyses and compares statutory provisions on tutelage for minor children in the Venetian towns of Koper, Izola, and Piran, and compares them with the regulation of the town of Ptuj, which was part of the Holy Roman Empire. It draws on selected notations from the notary books of Piran and, indirectly, documentary sources from Ptuj that reflect the practice corroborating and illustrating findings concerning statutory law. Moreover, from a comparative perspective, the paper aims to establish how Roman law influenced the legal regulation of the care of minor children in the two neighbouring territories that differed in terms of tradition and administrative affiliation. Nel presente contributo si analizzano e altresì si comparano le norme statutarie previste per la tutela dei minori in epoca medioevale nelle città veneziane di Koper/Capodistria, Izola/Isola e Piran/Pirano, e quelle previste nella città di Ptuj/Poetovio, che faceva parte del Sacro Romano Impero. Si esaminano apposite notazioni emerse dai libri notarili di Pirano e indirettamente dalle fonti documentarie di Ptuj che riflettono la pratica di confermare e illustrare i risultati relativi al diritto allora vigente. Inoltre, si cerca di accertare in una prospettiva comparata come il diritto romano abbia influenzato la regolamentazione giuridica relativa alla tutela dei minori in due territori vicini, ma comunque diversi in termini di tradizione e appartenenza amministrativa.

Terra rossa soils on the Istrian peninsula are generally considered polygenetic relict soils. They overlie and mark the youngest subaerial unconformity in the northwestern part of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform and are susceptible to erosional and redepositional processes. Terra rossa soils represent a valuable archive of information that can be used to understand present and past soil formation processes in the context of climate variability and landscape dynamics, especially in low-lying parts of the karst landscape where thicker deposits are typically found. We studied a 3 m thick terra rossa profile in a karst depression on the northernmost part of the southwestern Istrian planation surface and analysed the micromorphology, physical/chemical properties, geochemistry, bulk and clay mineralogy, and composition of heavy and light mineral fractions. The profile shows several signs of colluviation and polygenesis with clay distribution along the profile, clearly indicating lithic discontinuities. Kaolinisation, along with iron oxide formation, is the dominant process in the studied profile. Ferralitisation and lessivage processes were diagnosed throughout the profile, with intense clay translocation occurring despite the extremely stable soil microaggregates. In accordance with the WRB system, the profile is classified as Rhodic Lixisol (Clayic, Aric, Cutanic). This implies that some terra rossa soils, previously classified as e.g. Cambisols or Luvisols, might actually be Lixisols or other (sub-)tropical soils (e.g. Nitisols), in which relict properties are preserved in the present climate. The finding of a Lixisol in the study area indicates the old age of the surface of the karst depression and provides the first data on the burial history of the southwestern Istrian planation surface. We suggest the older Quaternary interglacials, the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (Pliocene) and the Miocene Climatic Optimum as favourable periods for the formation of the studied soil.

Many of the recent research studies in tourist behavior pointed to the fact that contemporary tourists, particularly millennials, are very prone to innovative experiences and enjoy co-creating the tourist experience. Technological advancements drive changes in the way tourists experience their vacation and have transferred power to the tourists in terms of decision-making. Scattered hotels bring back life into empty and abandoned homes in the old parts of the city. They boost the trickle-down effect on the local economy, contribute to the revival of villages and old parts of the town, preservation of the local culture and identity of the place, and minimization of negative social and ecological impacts of over-tourism. With the implementation of innovative technological solutions, customized to such particular accommodation establishments and the ecosystem of the tourist destination, this product would be able to modify the complete nature of the tourism experience. In this paper, the authors aim to explore how technology reinvigorates creativity and boosts destinations’ innovativeness and competitiveness by enriching the overall customer experience and by creating ecosystems in which tourism contributes to sustainable development. Technological advancements that can unlock innovation potential in scattered hotels are presented, as well as perceptions of tourism suppliers on personalized experiences, boosted with technological innovations. Factors hampering innovation are identified, as well as other important obstacles in delivering such services (financing, cooperation with other stakeholders, uncertain demand, etc.). From a possible functional angle, this study presents significant implications for small entrepreneurs – experience providers in horizontally developed accommodation structures, as well as destination managers and all levels of government.

Istarski poluotok je zahvaljujući svojem reljefu i klimatskim uvjetima od davnina obilježen močvarnim područjima kao i stalnim i privremenim lokvama koje predstavljaju žarišta bioraznolikosti. Sediment močvara i lokvi predstavlja jedan od temeljnih staništa koji bilježi dugoročne uvijete i promjene u takvim sustavima. Stoga, proučavanje mikrobne zajednice u sedimentima, koja je najbrojnija komponenta bentosa lokvi, može doprinijeti boljoj interpretaciji ukupnog ekološkog stanja spomenutih vodenih tijela a uz kvantifikaciju fekalnih bakterija moguće je prepoznati i kvantificirati razinu određenih potencijalnih antropogenih pritisaka za ekosustave i predlaganje daljnjih mjera za zaštitu ovih područja. Istraživanje je provedeno kroz zimu i ljeto na šest različitih lokacija jugozapadne Istre. Brojnost heterotrofnih prokariota u sedimetima određena je pomoću epifluorescentntnog mikroskopa dok je sanitarna kvaliteta sedimenta odrađena metodom najvjerojatnijeg broja. Na temelju prikupljenih podataka može se zaključiti da je ekološko stanje analiziranih sedimenata umjerene kvalitete, pogotovo kod vodenih tijela u neposrednoj blizini ljudskih naselja. Dakle, potrebno je poduzeti odgovarajuće mjere kako bi se spriječio dodatni unos hranjivih soli, organske tvari ili zagađivala s prometnica, kako bi se stabilnost spomenutih vodenih tijela mogla dugoročno očuvati. Thanks to its landscape and climatic conditions, the Istrian peninsula has long been characterized by wetlands as well as permanent and temporary ponds that represent hotspots of biodiversity. The sediment of swamps and ponds represents one of the fundamental habitats which records long-term conditions and changes in such systems. Therefore, the study of the microbial community in sediments, which is the most numerous component of the benthos of ponds, can contribute to a better interpretation of the overall ecological state of the aforementioned water bodies, and with the quantification of fecal bacteria, it is possible to recognize and quantify the level of certain potential anthropogenic pressures on the ecosystems and propose further measures for the protection of these areas. The research was conducted during winter and summer at six different locations in southwestern Istria. The number of heterotrophic prokaryotes in the sediments was determined using an epifluorescence microscope, while the sanitary quality of the sediment was determined using the most probable number method. Based on the collected data, it can be concluded that the ecological condition of the analyzed sediments is of moderate quality, especially in water bodies in the immediate vicinity of human settlements. Thus, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to prevent the additional intake of nutrient salts, organic matter or pollutants from roads, so that the stability of the mentioned water bodies can be preserved in the long term.

Pandemija koronavirus je virusna bolest koja se prvi put pojavljuje krajem 2019. godine u Kineskom gradu Wuhanu te ostavlja traga na sve grane svjetskog gospodarstva. To je bolest za koju se ni dan danas točno ne zna kako se prenosi, ali pretpostavka je da se širi u zatvorenim prostorima preko kašlja i sline. Vrlo je važno održavati higijenu, redovito dezinficirati ruke i ono što se dotakne te izbjegavati masovna druženja i okupljanja. Turizam Istre je najvažniji gospodarski sektor koji ima udio više od 20% u BDP – u Hrvatske te je kao takav snažna odrednica gospodarskog razvoja Istarske županije. U Istri je sportski turizam dobio na velikoj važnosti kao inovativni selektivni oblik i jedan je od važnijih specifičnih oblika turizma putem kojega je Istra izgradila i imidž sportske destinacije zbog atraktivnosti sportskih sadržaja, infrastrukture i sportske ponude koja se koristi u turističke svrhe. Pojava pandemije koronavirusom utjecala je negativno na ukupnu turističku djelatnost u zemlji, pa je tako dovela i sportski turizam Istre u fazu stagnacije i padajućeg trenda razvoja. Zbog ukupnog pada prihoda od turizma za 30% u Hrvatskoj zbog utjecaja pandemije sportski turizam Istre također je podnio kompleksne gubitke. Aktualnost sportskog turizma ogleda se u oporavku od posljedica pandemije koronavirusom, gdje će biti potrebno određeno razdoblje da sportski turizam Istre zaživi i dosegne razinu razvoja prije nastupa pandemije., The coronavirus pandemic is a viral disease that first appears in late 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan and leaves its mark on all branches of the world economy. It is a disease that is still not known exactly how it is transmitted, but it is assumed that it spreads indoors through coughing and saliva. It is very important to maintain hygiene, regularly disinfect your hands and what you touch, and avoid mass gatherings and gatherings. Tourism in Istria is the most important economic sector with a share of more than 20% in the GDP of Croatia and as such is a strong determinant of the economic development of the County of Istria. In Istria, sports tourism has gained great importance as an innovative selective form and is one of the most important specific forms of tourism through which Istria has built the image of a sports destination due to the attractiveness of sports facilities, infrastructure and sports offers used for tourism purposes. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic had a negative impact on the overall tourism activity in the country, thus bringing Istria's sports tourism to a phase of stagnation and a declining development trend. Due to the overall decline in tourism revenues by 30% in Croatia due to the impact of the pandemic, Istrian sports tourism has also suffered complex losses. The topicality of sports tourism is reflected in the recovery from the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic, where it will take a certain period for Istria's sports tourism to come to life and reach the level of development before the onset of the pandemic.

Nel lavoro si presenta un’analisi stilistica e metrica comparata tra un poe- metto in dialetto istrioto di Rovigno, pubblicato nel 1846, e testi di poeti della tradizione classica italiana del Quattrocento. Dal raffronto emergono stilemi e motivi tipici della poesia aulica, quali l’amore non corrisposto, la sofferenza da ciò causata, la derisione dell’innamorato da parte dell’aggraziata giovane, ma anche il tono ironico – e appena celato – dell’autore, il tutto però elaborato in chiave popolareggiante attraverso l’accorto uso del dialetto istrioto di Rovigno.

Alojz Štoković (Pula, 22. srpnja 1950.) hrvatski je povjesničar, kulturni radnik, političar i angažirani katolički vjernik. Najveći dio svoje karijere, od 1980. do umirovljenja 2015., bio je djelatnik Zavoda za povijesne i društvene znanosti HAZU u Rijeci, Područne jedinice u Puli. Objavio je pedesetak znanstvenih i stručnih radova u nizu edicija u zemlji i inozemstvu. Nastupao je na znanstvenim i stručnim skupovima te kulturnim manifestacijama koje je često i sam organizirao. Bio je pokretač i sudionik brojnih javnih inicijativa. Ovaj članak, posvećen 70. rođendanu Alojza Štokovića, podijeljen je u dva dijela. U prvom dijelu donosi se osvrt na njegov javni život i rad, a u drugom dijelu članka podastire se popis izabranih studija i članaka te njegovih javnih izlaganja., Alojz Štoković (Pula, 22nd July 1950) is Croatian historian, cultural worker, politician and engaged member of the Catholic community. He spent the most part of his career – from 1980 to his retirement in 2015 – as an employee of the Institute of Historical and Social Sciences of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Rijeka, Local Unit in Pula. He published around fifty scientific and professional papers in numerous editions both at home and abroad. He took part in scientific and professional meetings, as well as cultural manifestations, many of which he himself organised. He launched and participated in numerous public initiatives. This paper, dedicated to the occasion of the 70th anniversary of birth of Alojz Štoković, is divided in two parts. The first part offers a review of his public life and activity, whilst the second part lists his selected studies, papers, and public speeches.

„Bitka za Vodnjan“ 16. I. 1920. u hrvatskoj se stručnoj literaturi i novinstvu navodi kao prvi oružani sukob u Istri sa smrtnim ishodom u kojem su sudjelovali fašisti. Prvi ozbiljniji historiografski radovi na tu temu nastali početkom 1970-ih godina, razmatrani kroz marksističku paradigmu, implicitno su ostavili mnoga pitanja otvorenima. U ovom se radu nastoji kroz konzultaciju arhivskih dokumenata (Središnji državni arhiv u Rimu, Državni arhiv u Padovi, Državni arhiv u Trstu, Hrvatski državni arhiv, Državni arhiv u Pazinu, Državni arhiv u Rijeci, Opća bolnica Pula (arhiv), Centar za povijesna istraživanja Rovinj, Povijesni i pomorski muzej Istre - Museo storico e navale dell’Istria) i novinskih napisa (L’Azione, Il Lavoratore, Il Proletario, Delo, Glas Istre i dr.) istražiti ulogu fašista u spomenutom sukobu, rekonstruirati sam tijek i ishod sukoba, upletenost i odnos lokalnih, regionalnih i državnih vlasti spram tih događaja te pokušati identificirati žrtve i ustanoviti uzrok njihove smrti., The Battle of Vodnjan of 16 January 1920 is the first recorded armed conflict of the carabineers, the army and the fascists with the socialists in the territory of Istria. The consulted archival material, together with the protagonists’ testimonies collected after World War Two, have confirmed that fascists were actively involved in this conflict. Searching of the premises of the Social Studies Club in Vodnjan, carried out by the public security forces, was legitimately urged by the fact that local people illegally possessed firearms; it consequently directly caused the death of one young man from Vodnjan, and indirectly of two more. Official statements given before the Commission of Inquiry of the Court Martial in Trieste, the carabineers, local civil and judicial authorities, as well as doctors’ reports on the victims, proved not to be credible. When 48 inhabitants of Vodnjan and the neighbouring villages, the majority of whom were of socialist orientation, stood biased trial, the defence lawyers emphasised the fact that the public security organs had used excessive force. Seventeen among them were sentenced to years-long imprisonment, however they were granted amnesty the following year. The documents proved that Pietro Benussi was wounded, and possibly even murdered by members of the Italian armed forces – the carabineers and/or the army – with fire arms. Domenico Damiani ended his life in the I gesuiti prison in Trieste. Though the archival material does not provide us with inarguable proof thereof, the testimonies of his contemporaries and co-defendants, as well as documents testifying on the treatment of prisoners by prison guards, may lead us to the conclusion that his death was marked by an act of violence. Possibly the most intriguing case is the one of Pasquale Delcaro, who has in no documents been brought into connection with the Battle of Vodnjan of 16 January 1920. Nevertheless, the hospital documentation and the media appearance of Giachino, physician from the Pula hospital, offer a rather solid confirmation of the hypothesis that Delcaro’s murder has been hushed up.

U radu se kroz konzultaciju arhivskoga i novinskoga gradiva razmatraju i analiziraju politička zbivanja na istočnoj obali Jadrana koja su kulminirala fašističkim paljenjem tršćanskoga (13. VII. 1920.) i pulskoga (14. VII. 1920.) Narodnoga doma te napadom na pulski Klub socijalističke mladeži i odvjetničke urede Mirka Vratovića i Ive Zuccona (16. VII. 1920.). Fokus rada je, nakon kraćega povijesnoga pregleda djelovanja Narodnoga doma, posebno usmjeren rekonstrukciji tih pulskih incidenata, uloge fašista u neredima, pozicioniranju lokalnih civilnih vlasti (civilnoga komesara i vicekvestora tijekom i nakon nasilne epizode), medijskom diskursu (agitaciji istarskih novina, kao i onih s prostora Kraljevine Italije) te, u konačnici, reakciji talijanskih parlamentaraca socijalista. Blaga reakcija pa i direktno sudjelovanje pripadnika službi javnoga reda i mira te vojske u neredima, nevjerodostojni izvještaji lokalnih civilnih vlasti i tiskanih medija o pitanju involviranosti osoba, kao i samoga tijeka napada, jasno su naznačili politiku negiranja prava na očuvanje hrvatske kulture i nacionalnoga identiteta uopće. Paljenjem Dom(ov)a, čime se u svom govoru u pulskom kazalištu pohvalio i sam Benito Mussolini (21. IX. 1920.), uništeno je kulturno, gospodarsko i političko, tada već simbolično, sjedište pulskih Hrvata, a spaljivanjem više tisuća knjiga tamošnje Javne pučke knjižnice počinjen je kulturocid, koji će u povijesti ostati zapisan kao jedna od prvih fašističkih lomača u Europi. Time je jasno naznačena politika koja će se u Istri početi provoditi i prije službena dolaska na vlast fašista u listopadu 1922., prvenstveno u pogledu nasilne asimilacije tzv. „inorodaca“ (Hrvata i Slovenaca)., Basato sulle consultazioni di materiale d’archivio e giornalistico, il contributo tratta ed analizza gli avvenimenti politici svoltisi sulla costa orientale dell’Istria che culminarono con l’incendio dei Narodni dom di Trieste (13 luglio 1920) e Pola (14 luglio 1920) e con l’attacco al Club della gioventù socialista di Pola e agli studi legali di Mirko Vratović e Ivo Zuccon (16 luglio 1920). Dopo una breve rassegna sull’attività del Narodni dom, il contributo si concentra in particolar modo sulla ricostruzione degli incidenti che hanno avuto luogo a Pola, sul ruolo che i fascisti ebbero nel contesto dei disordini, sulla posizione adottata delle autorità civili locali (dal commissario civile e dal vicequestore durante e dopo gli episodi di violenza), sul discorso mediatico (l’agitazione da parte della stampa istriana e di quella del territorio del Regno d’Italia) e, infine, sulla reazione dimostrata dai parlamentari italiani socialisti. La reazione blanda e la partecipazione diretta dei membri dei servizi dell’ordine pubblico e militare ai disordini, i rapporti inattendibili delle autorità civili locali e della stampa riferiti al coinvolgimento delle persone e allo svolgimento dell’attacco erano un indice chiaro della piega che la politica stava prendendo verso il negazionismo del diritto alla conservazione della cultura croata e dell’identità nazionale in genere. L’incendio del Narodni dom (ovvero dei due Narodni dom), impresa vantata anche dallo stesso Benito Mussolini durante il suo discorso tenutosi al teatro di Pola (21 settembre 1920), distrusse la sede culturale, economica e politica, in quel periodo ormai soltanto simbolica, dei croati mentre con il rogo di alcune migliaia di libri della Biblioteca popolare pubblica situata presso il Narodni dom venne commesso un culturicidio, un avvenimento che rimarrà segnato nella storia come uno dei primi roghi fascisti in Europa. Tali avvenimenti annunciarono chiaramente il tipo di politica che sarebbe stato messo in atto in Istria anche prima dell’ascesa ufficiale al potere dei fascisti nell’ottobre 1922, in special modo sotto l’aspetto dell’assimilazione violenta dei cosiddetti “allogeni” (croati e sloveni)., The paper discusses and analyses political events on the eastern Adriatic coast, culminating in the fascist arson of the Peopleʼs Halls in Trieste (13 July 1920) and Pula (14 July 1920), as well as the attack on the Socialist Youth Club of Pula and law firm offices of Mirko Vratović and Ivo Zuccon (16 July 1920), by consulting the archival and newspaper material. The focus of the paper, after a brief historical overview of the Peopleʼs Hall, is specifically centred around the reconstruction of these inci-dents in Pula, the role of fascists in the riots, the positioning of local civilian authorities (civilian commissioner and vice-quaestor during and after the violent episode), media discourse (the agitation stemming from the Istrian newspapers, as well as those from the territory of the Kingdom of Italy) and, ultimately, the reaction of the Italian Socialist parliamentarians. Mild reaction and direct participation of the members of the public order and peace services, as well as the army, in the riots, unreliable reports of local civilian authorities and printed media on the involvement of persons, as well as the course of the attack, clearly indicated the policy of denying the right to preserve Croatian culture and the national identity in general. The arson of the Hall(s), which Benito Mussolini himself boasted about in his speech at the Theatre in Pula (21 September 1920), destroyed the cultural, economic and political, already symbolic by then, seat of the Croats in Pula, and with the burning of thousands of books belonging to the Public Peopleʼs Library, a culturicide was committed there, which will go down in history as one of the first fascist bonfires in Europe. This clearly indicates the policy that will be implemented in Istria even before the official fascistsʼ rise to power in October 1922, primarily in terms of violent assimilation of the so-called “native foreigners” (Croats and Slovenes).

Pićanskom se biskupu Petru Antunu Gausu u dosadašnjoj historiografiji pridavalo malo pozornosti. Razlog tomu je zacijelo skromna sačuvanost dokumenata za razdoblje njegova biskupovanja. Njegova oporuka i kodicil jedini su sačuvani Gausovi opsežniji osobni dokumenti. Rođen je 1646. u riječkoj plemićkoj obitelji kao najstariji sin. Najizglednije je da se školovao kod isusovaca u rodnome gradu, da bi potom nastavio studije do akademskoga stupnja doktora teologije. Bio je župnik u Bolzanu, a potom od 1679. župnik u Rijeci. Tu će iste godine postati kanonik, natpop te od 1683. arhiđakon i vanjski vikar pulskoga biskupa za Riječki arhiđakonat. Za pićanskoga biskupa izabran je 1691., a od pape je potvrđen 9. ožujka 1693. godine. Redovito je izvještavao Svetu Stolicu o stanju na području Pićanske biskupije. Pridržavao se propisa i u pogledu obavljanja dužnosti pastoralnih vizitacija. U biskupskom poslanju podjeljivanja svetih redova djelovao je ukupno 114 puta. Prihodi same biskupije, koja je brojila od oko 4000 do oko 6000 duša tijekom njegova upravljanja, bili su toliko mali da je s njima mogao preživjeti svega nekoliko mjeseci. Zbog svoje će bolesti 1713. dobiti koadjutora u osobi Jurja Franje Ksaverskog Marottija. U privatnom je životu bio posebno blizak sa svojim bratom Ivanom Karlom, što se očitovalo kroz biskupovo pokriće troškova bratova liječenja i njegovih brojnih dugova. Školovao je i dva njegova sina, jednoga do stupnja doktora znanosti u Padovi. Naročito je bio vezan za nećaka Ksavera Gausa kojem je izvjesno omogućio prestižno školovanje, a i oporučno mu je ostavio zamjetan imetak. Kao glavnu nasljednicu, a zapravo osobu zaduženu da podijeli u nabožne svrhe svu preostalu imovinu, odredio je svoju sestru Viktoriju Tudorović. Osobito je bio povezan s Rijekom, gradom svojega rođenja, u kojem su bile smještene sve njegove nekretnine. Biskup Gaus je bio osoba izrazite pobožnosti i empatije. Naime, oporučno je naručio nekoliko tisuća misa za spas vlastite duše, duša nekih drugih osoba te novac za pomoć siromasima. Umro je u Pićnu 22. travnja 1716., a sahranjen je ispred glavnoga oltara pićanske katedrale u biskupskoj grobnici, u kojoj je njegov leš pronađen 1811. navodno u neraspadnutom stanju., Fino ad oggi, il vescovo pedenese Pietro Antonio Gaus non ha goduto di grande attenzione da parte della ricerca storiografica. Il motivo ne deve essere l’esigua conservazione della documentazione datata al periodo del suo vescovado. Il suo testamento e il codicillo sono gli unici documenti personali più consistenti del lascito di Gaus che sono stati conservati. Nato nel 1646 in una famiglia nobile fiumana come figlio maggiore, è probabile che sia stato educato dai gesuiti nella sua città natale per proseguire poi con gli studi fino a raggiungere il titolo di dottore di teologia. Fu parroco a Bolzano e poi dal 1679 a Fiume. Lo stesso anno divenne canonico, arciprete e dal 1683 arcidiacono e vicario foraneo del vescovo polese per l’Arcidiaconato di Fiume. È stato eletto vescovo nel 1691 e confermato dal papa il 9 marzo 1693. Ha tenuto regolarmente informata la Santa Sede sulla situazione vigente nei territori della Diocesi di Pedena. Si è attenuto ai regolamenti anche sotto l’aspetto dell’adempimento agli obblighi delle visite pastorali. Da vescovo ha partecipato complessivamente 114 volte al conferimento dell’ordine sacro. Gli introiti della diocesi che sotto la sua gestione contava da circa 4000 a circa 6000 anime, erano talmente scarni che gli potevano permettere di viverci per alcuni mesi appena. A causa della sua malattia, nel 1713 gli fu attribuito un vescovo coadiutore nella persona di Giorgio Francesco Saverio Marotti. Nella vita privata fu particolarmente legato al fratello Giovanni Carlo verso cui provava un forte affetto che risultava evidente dalla sua disposizione a coprire tutte le spese delle cure di cui il fratello necessitava come anche dei suoi numerosi debiti. Ha anche provveduto alle spese dell’educazione dei due figli del fratello, portandone uno fino al titolo di dottore di ricerca a Padova. Era particolarmente legato anche al nipote Saverio Gaus a cui ha garantito un’educazione di prestigio, assicurandogli inoltre un notevole lascito testamentario. Quale sua erede principale designò la sorella Vittoria Tudorović, nominandola responsabile per la distribuzione dell’eredità restante destinata a scopi religiosi. Un legame particolare lo univa a Fiume, la sua città natale in cui erano collocati tutti gli immobili di sua proprietà. Il vescovo Gaus è stato una persona particolarmente devota ed empatica. Infatti, nel testamento chiede che vengano servite alcune migliaia di messe per la salvezza della sua e delle anime di altre persone mentre una parte del denaro era stata messa a disposizione per l’assistenza ai poveri. Morì a Pedena il 22 aprile 1716 e venne sepolto nella tomba vescovile davanti all’altare principale della cattedrale di Pedena. Nel 1811 venne qui ritrovata la sua salma in quello che fu, a quanto pare, un ottimo stato di conservazione., So far in historiography, little attention has been given to the Bishop of Pićan, Peter Anton Gaus. The reason for this is certainly the modest preservation of documents for the period of his episcopate. His will and codicil are the only more copious surviving documents left by Gaus. He was born in 1646 in a noble family in Rijeka as the eldest son. He was most likely educated by the Jesuits in his hometown, and then continued his studies to the academic degree of Doctor of Theology. He was pastor in Bolzano, and then from 1679 pastor in Rijeka. That same year he became canon, archpriest and, from 1683, archdeacon and associate vicar of the bishop of Pula for the archdeaconry of Rijeka. He was elected bishop of Pićan in 1691, and confirmed by the Pope on 9 March 1693. He regularly reported to the Holy See on the situation in the area of the Diocese of Pićan. He also complied with the regulations regarding the performance of pastoral visits. He acted a total of 114 times in the episcopal mission of giving the Holy orders. The income of the diocese itself, which numbered from about 4,000 to about 6,000 souls during his reign, was so small that he could survive on them for only a few months. Due to his illness, in 1713 he received a coadjutor in the person of Giorgio Francesco Saverio Marotti. In his private life he was particularly close to his brother Giovanni Carlo, which manifested itself through the bishopʼs coverage of the costs of his brotherʼs treatment and his numerous debts. He also educated his two sons, one to the degree of Doctor of Science in Padua. He was especially attached to his nephew Saverio Gaus, to whom he certainly provided a prestigious education, and left him a notable fortune in his will. He appointed his sister Vittoria Tudorović as the main heiress, and in fact the person in charge of dividing all the remaining property for religious purposes. He was especially attached to Rijeka, the city of his birth, in which all his estates were located. Bishop Gaus was a person of outstanding piety and empathy. Namely, he bequeathed several thousand masses to be served to save his own soul, the souls of some other people, and money to help the poor. He died in Pićan on 22 April 1716, and was buried in front of the main altar of the Pićan Cathedral in the bishopʼs tomb, where his body was found in 1811, allegedly in an undecomposed state.

Prilikom uzleta turističkih kretanja polovicom 20. stoljeća većina istarskih gradova baziralo je svoje gospodarstvo na poljoprivredi. Svega nekoliko gradova poput Poreča bili su turistički aktivna mjesta, a raspolagali su manjim brojem smještajnih kapaciteta ponajviše u hotelima, pansionima i sl. S nedovoljnom turističkom ponudom, Istra nije mogla zadovoljiti potrebe turističke potražnje koja je tih godina mahnito rasla. Zbog pomanjkanja smještajnih kapaciteta, turisti su u Istri samoinicijativno započeli boraviti u jednostavnim smještajnim objektima, na dotada manje poznatim mjestima u prirodi. Drugim riječima, gosti iz inozemstva te domaći gosti podižu prve „divlje kampove“ koji nedugo zatim bivaju prepoznati kao važan aspekt omasovljavanja istarskog turizma, a time se ujedno i označava početak istarskog kampinga. Kampovi su svojim jeftinim smještajem i visokom profitabilnošću u usporedbi s ostalim smještajnim oblicima savršeno pristajali ondašnjoj strategiji razvoja turizma. Shodno tome, šezdesetih godina započinje ubrzana gradnja kampova čiji su smještajni kapaciteti do kraja osamdesetih godina apsolutno dominirali smještajnom strukturom Istre. Osim što je za povijesni razvoj Istarskog turizma kamping bio možda i najznačajniji smještajni oblik, u vremenima Domovinskog rata pokazalo se da je kamping otporan i na gospodarsko-političke krize. Po završetku rata, smještajni kapaciteti kampova opadaju, no to je rezultat rekonstrukcije Istarskog kampinga koji se više ne temelji na masovnom turizmu, već na selektivnosti. Danas Istarski kampovi proživljavaju završetke svoje revitalizacije te mnogi kampovi koji su poslovali prije pedesetak godina posluju uspješno i danas, što ih čini iznimno cijenjenima na tržištu, ali i značajnima za cjelokupni turizam Istre. Kada je u 2020. godini svijet zahvatila pandemija koronavirusa, kampovi su se ponovo, kao i za vrijeme Domovinskog rata, pokazali otporni na krizna vremena te kao najidealniji oblik smještaja. Uspjeh istarskog kampinga očekuje se i u 2021. godini, što se već može primijetiti na primjeru kampa Istra u Funtani koji bilježi znatno bolje poslovne rezultate negoli ostale vrste smještaja poduzeća Valamar Riviera. S obzirom na to da kamping može pružiti jednostavan i kvalitetan smještaj, da je otporan i na najteže gospodarske krize, te da ostvaruje veći profit u usporedbi s hotelima, nedvojbeno je kako će kamping biti pod povećalom budućeg turističkog razvoja Istre., During the rise of touristic movements in the middle of the twentieth century, the majority of Istrian communities based their economy on agriculture. Only a few towns like Poreč were touristic places, and had a smaller number of accommodation capacities, mostly in hotels, boarding houses, etc. With insufficient tourism supply, Istria could not meet the needs of tourism demand, which grew rapidly in those years. Due to the lack of accommodation capacities, tourists in Istria self-initiated their stays in simple accommodation facilities, in formerly less known places in nature. In other words, domestic and foreign guests were setting up the first "wild camps", which were soon recognized as an important aspect of the popularization of Istrian tourism, and thus also marks the beginning of Istrian camping. With their cheap accommodation and high profitability compared to the other accommodation facilities, the campsites fitted perfectly into the tourism development strategy of that time. Consequently, accelerated construction of camping accommodation capacities began in the 1960s, which were by the end of the 1980s absolutely dominating the accommodation structure of Istria. Apart from the fact that camping was perhaps the most important form of accommodation for the historical development of Istrian tourism, during the Civil War, camping proved to be resistant to economic and political crises. After the war ended, the accommodation capacities of the camps decreased, but as a result of reconstruction of the Istrian camping, which is no longer based on mass tourism, but on selectivity. Today, Istrian camps are experiencing the completion of their revitalization, and many camps that operated fifty years ago are still successfully in business today, which makes camps highly appreciated on the market, but also important for the entire tourism of Istria. In 2020., when the world was hit by a coronavirus pandemic, camps once again, as during the Civil War, proved to be resilient to the crisis and the most ideal form of accommodation. The success of Istrian camping is expected in 2021. as well, as is already noticeable on the example of the Istra camp in Funtana, which records significantly better business results than other accommodation types of Valamar Riviera company. Given the fact that camping can provide simple and quality accommodation, that is resistant to the worst economic crises, and that it makes higher profits compared to hotels, there is no doubt that camping will be under the magnifying glass of the future touristic development of Istria.

This study investigates the differences in residents’ perceptions of various tourism impacts as well as residents’ level of support for future tourism development with regard to their employment status (employed in tourism, employed in other industries, and others: students, unemployed persons, retirees). Moreover, the objective was to find out in what way those perceptions influence the residents’ level of support for future tourism development. The results show that there are statistically significant differences in perceptions of economic, socio-cultural, environmental and overall tourism impacts between the three groups of stakeholders. Respondents working in tourism expressed the strongest support for future development, while students, unemployed persons and retired residents tended to be less supportive. The main contribution of this study lies in the insights it provides into the attitudes of different groups of destination stakeholders regarding tourism impacts as well as into their support for future tourism development.

During the spring of 2020, bird surveys were conducted in the ornithological reserve Palud. There were 35 breeding species registered. The most numerous species were the Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, the Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos, the Common Blackbird Turdus merula, and the Eastern Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans. A vulnerable breeder of Croatia, the Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus, and a scarce breeder, the Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna, were also recorded as breeding species., Tijekom proljeća 2020. godine provedeno je istraživanje ornitofaune u ornitološkom rezervatu Palud. Zabilježeno je 35 gnijezdećih vrsta ptica. Najbrojnije vrste su crnokapa grmuša Sylvia atricapilla, slavuj Luscinia megarhynchos, kos Turdus merula i bjelobrka grmuša Sylvia cantillans. Osjetljiva gnjezdarica Hrvatske, vlastelica Himantopus himantopus i malobrojna gnjezdarica Hrvatske, utva Tadorna tadorna zabilježene su kao gnijezdeće vrste. Potvrđeno je i gniježđenje kopca Accipiter nisus, vijoglava Jynx torquilla i goluba grivnjaša Columba palumbus koji do sada nisu bili zabilježeni na ovom području.

Predmet su rada četiri kameje iz Arheološkog muzeja Istre. Jedna prikazuje portret cara Nerona, dvije prikazuju glave žena s grčkom frizurom, a jedna prikazuje glavu Minerve sa šljemom. Prema izboru i oblikovanju motiva, na temelju usporedbe s objavljenim kamejama iz drugih zbirki, moguće je pretpostaviti okvirno vrijeme nastanka kameja i analizirati poruku koju nose. Kameju s Neronovim portretom moguće je povezati s radioničkim središtem u Rimu, dok za ostale nije moguće utvrditi radioničko porijeklo., The paper deals with four cameos from the Archaeological Museum of Istria. One of them portrays the Emperor Nero, two bear portrayals of female heads with Greek hairstyle, and the fourth one depicts helmeted Minerva’s head. On the basis of motif selection, rendering, and comparisons with published cameos from other collections, we can assume their broad dating and analyze their messages. Cameo with Nero’s portrait can be associated with the workshop center in Rome. It is not possible to establish the workshop center where other cameos were produced.

Ovim radom istraživane su mineraloške, petrološke i geokemijske značajke boksita iz ležišta „Minjera“ kod Buzeta u Istri. Semikvantitativni mineralni sastav 8 uzoraka sivih boksita, uzorkovanih duž profila ležišta, određen je metodom rendgenske difrakcije na prahu (XRD). Petrološke karakteristike 11 uzoraka vapnenaca iz podine, krovine te crnog boksita u krovini ležišta određene su metodom polarizacijske mikroskopije. Spektrometrijskim metodama (ICP-AES, ICP-MS, XRF) određen je kemijski sastav analiziranih uzoraka. Podinu boksita čine naslage cenomanskih rudistnih vapnenaca, a u krovini im se nalaze paleocenski slatkovodno-brakični vapnenci s gastropodima i ostacima bilja. Crni boksit iz vršnog dijela boksita, sadrži boksitične piritizirane ooide. U uzorcima sivih boksita iz profila određeni su sljedeći minerali: dijaspor, böhmit, kaolinit, pirit, rutil, anatas, gips i goethit. Pojedini uzorci sadrže mješanoslojne/nepravilno interstratificirane minerale (moguće illit-smektit) i 14Å minerale (vermikulit i/ili smektit). Kemijskom analizom određeno je da SO3 i Fe2O3, nemaju jednoliku raspodjelu duž profila, što ukazuje na fluktuaciju vodnog lica tijekom procesa nastajanja boksita. Obogaćenje REE i povećanje udjela Al2O3 prema podini ležišta ukazuju na „in-situ“ boksitizaciju., Mineralogical, petrological and geochemical characteristics of bauxites from deposit „Minjera“, located near Buzet in Istria, were investigated. Semiquantitative mineral composition from 8 samples of grey bauxites, which are sampled in the profile within the deposit, is determined by XRD. Petrological characteristics of limestones in the footwall and hangingwall of bauxite deposit were determined from 11 samples by polarising microscopy. Microscopical investigations also included one sample of black bauxites from the top of the sampled profile, near the hangingwall limestones. Chemical composition of bauxites is determined by various spectrometric methods (ICP-AES, ICP-MS, XRF). Footwall of bauxites are rudist limestones of Cenomanian age, and in the hangingwall of bauxite deposit Paleocene freshwater to brackish limestones with gastropods and plant remains appear. Black bauxite from the top of the profile contains bauxitic pyritized ooids. In the samples of grey bauxites following minerals are determined: diaspore, böhmit, kaolinite, pyrite, rutile, anatase, gypsum and goethit. Some samples contain mixed-layer/irregularly interstratified minerals (possibly illite-smectite) and 14Å minerals (vermiculite and/or smectite). The trends of distribution SO3 and Fe2O3 along the profile can’t be clearly distinguished from the results of the chemical analyses, which implies the fluctuation of water levels during the process of bauxitization. Enrichment in REE and increased Al2O3 toward the footwall of the deposit implies an “in-situ” bauxitization.

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je da se utvrdi kako elementi rijetkih zemalja ponašaju u reduktivnim i oksidativnim uvjetima. Terenskim istraživanjima uzeti su uzorci jurskih i paleogenskih boksita iz različitih lokacija na području Istre. Laboratorijskim istraživanjima napravljena je detaljna kemijska analiza, analiza spojeva željeza topivih u DCB-u i oksalatu te analiza mineralnog sastava primjenom rendgenske difrakcije. Četiri glavna zaključka proizašla iz ovog rada: 1. pH/Eh uvjeti kontroliraju mineralni sastav boksita, raspodjela REE i glavnih elemenata tijekom boksitizacije i rane dijageneze. Jurski i paleogenski boksiti crvene boje nastali su u vadoznim uvjetima, sivi boksiti su nastali kao posljedica promjene hidrološkog režima kada je interakcija boksita sa slanim pornim vodama u reduktivnim uvjetima rezultirala stvaranjem sulfidnih minerala, a bijeli su nastali kontinuiranim uništavanjem biljaka u stagnirajućim uvjetima siromašnim kisikom što je dovelo do uklanjanja željeza oko korijena. 2. Vrijednosti omjera La/Y ukazuju da su u boksitu tijekom boksitizacije generalno prevladavali bazični uvjeti, ali tijekom formiranja boksita, te tijekom rane dijageneze dolazilo je do značajnih promjena pH/Eh uvjeta u ležištu boksita koji su utjecali na mobilizaciju i redistribuciju REE. Najniži sadržaj ΣREE u sivom jurskom boksitu i distribucija REE u bijelom jurskom boksitu ukazuju na postojanje reduktivnih uvjeta. Utvrđene negativne i pozitivna cerijeva anomalija u jurskim boksitima jasan su indikator mobiliziranja REE u kiselim/reduktivnim uvjetima. 3. Usporedbom rezultata dobivenih DCB metodom i metodom oksalata vidi se da u uzorcima prevladavaju dobro kristalizirani oksidi i oksihidroksidi željeza. 4.Rendgenskom difrakcijom je dokazano da svi analizirani boksiti jurske starosti sadrže bemit, klorit i anatas, a dominantan mineral u uzorcima paleogenskih boksita je bemit., The aim of this thesis was to determine how REE behave in reductive and oksidative conditions. Field research took samples of Jurassic and Paleogene bauxite from different locations in Istria. In this paper, samples from the profile of Paleogene bauksite, a total of six, were processed in detail. Laboratory research performed a detailed chemical analysis, analysis of iron compounds soluble in DCB and oxalate, and analysis of mineral composition using X-ray diffraction. Important conclusions derived from this paper are as follows: 1. pH / Eh conditions control the mineral composition of bauxite, the distribution of REE and major elements during bauxitization and early diagenesis. Jurassic and Paleogene red bauxites were formed in vadose conditions, gray bauxites were formed as a result of changes in the hydrological regime when the interaction of bauxite with saline porous waters in reductive conditions resulted in the formation of sulfide minerals, and white bauxites were formed by continuous destruction of plants in stagnant poor conditions which led to the removal of iron around the roots. 2. La / Y ratio values indicate that basic conditions generally prevailed in bauxite during bauxitization, but during bauxite formation and early diagenesis there were significant changes in pH / Eh conditions in the bauxite deposit that affected the mobilization and redistribution of REE. The lowest content of ΣREE in grey Jurassic bauxiteand the distribution of REE in white Jurassic bauxite indicate the existence of reductive conditions. The identified negative and positive cerium anomalies in Jurassic bauxite are a clear indicator of REE mobilization in acidic / reductive conditions. 3. A comparison of the results obtained by the DCB method and the oxalate method shows that well-crystallized iron oxides and oxyhydroxides predominate in the samples. 4. X-ray diffraction proved that all analyzed bauxites of Jurassic age contain boehmite, chlorite and anatase, and the dominant mineral in the samples of Paleogene bauxites is boehmite.

Cilj istraživanja ovog diplomskog rada je bio odrediti fizikalne, granulometrijske, mineraloške i geokemijske karakteristike profila Terra Rosse u kamenolomu Kanfanar. Terenskim istraživanjima u sklopu projekta Zapadnoistarska antiklinala kao idealni prirodni laboratorij za proučavanje regionalnih diskordancija u karbonatnim stijenama (WIANLab) izuzeto je pet uzoraka tla. Na prikupljenim uzorcima izvršena su detaljna laboratorijska istraživanja koja su uključivala određivanje boje, vrijednosti pH, udjela CaCO3 i fizikalnih analiza (gustoća čvrstih čestica, volumna gustoća, porozitet, kapacitet tla za vodu i za zrak, stabilnost strukturnih agregata, sadržaj humusa), određivanje kapaciteta kationske zamjene (CEC), saturacije bazama (BS) te sadržaja Fe i Mn topivih u ditionit-citrat-bikarbonatu (DCB) i oksalatu primjenom atomske apsorpcijske spektrometrije (AAS), granulometrijsku analizu pomoću laserske difrakcije, mokrog sijanja i pipetne metode, mineralošku analizu primjenom rendgenske difrakcijske analize (XRD) te kemijsku analizu primjenom induktivno spregnute plazme (ICP). Rezultati ovog rada pokazuju kako je Terra Rossa u kamenolomu Kanfanar crveno, glinovito-siltozno tlo s visokim CEC-om i sadržajem dobrokristaliziranih Fe oksida i hidroksida (hematita), koje je nastalo procesima dekalcifikacije, rubifikacije te bisialitizacije i/ili monosialitizacije. U njenom mineralnom sastavu dominira kvarc, a detektirani su i kalijevi feldspati, plagioklasi, tinjčasti materijal, 14 Å mineral/i glina, hematit i kaolinit. Dobiveni rezultati podudaraju se s dosadašnjim istraživanjima istarskih Terra Rossa te su oni pridonijeli još boljem shvaćanju pedogenetskih procesa koji su djelovali na formiranje Terra Rosse na području kamenoloma Kanfanar., The aim of this Master's Thesis was to determine physical, granulometric, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Terra Rossa profile located in the Kanfanar quarry. During the field work investigation carried out for the project entitled Western Istrian Anticline as an ideal natural laboratory for the study of the regional unconformities in carbonate rocks (WIANLab), five samples of soil were taken. Detailed laboratory work was done, including the determination of color, pH value, CaCO3 and physical analyzes (soil particle density, bulk density, porosity, soil water and air holding capacity, soil aggregate stability, soil humus content), determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), content of dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) and oxalate soluble Fe and Mn using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), granulometric analysis using laser diffraction, wet sieving and pipette method, mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis using inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The results of this examination show that Terra Rossa in the Kanfanar quarry is red, clayey-silty soil with high CEC, enriched with well-crystallized Fe oxides and hydroxides (hematite), formed as a result of decalcification, rubification and bisiallitisation and/or monosiallitisation. Quartz is the dominant mineral in its mineralogical composition, but K-feldspar, plagioclase, micaceous material, 14 Å clay mineral/s, hematite and kaolinite were also detected. The obtained results coincide with previous research performed on the Istrian Terrae Rossae, and they contributed to even better understanding of pedogenic processes that have influenced the formation of Terra Rossa in the area of the Kanfanar quarry.

U fokusu ovog rada analiza je osiguranja vinograda. Iako postoje tehnološki načini zaštite vinograda od elementarnih nepogoda, koji su u određenoj mjeri i učinkoviti, osiguranje i nadoknada štete još uvijek jedan je od značajnih instrumenata upravljanja rizikom. Tržište poljoprivrednog osiguranja, u Hrvatskoj je nedovoljno razvijeno. Broj zaključenih ugovora poljoprivrednog osiguranja u Hrvatskoj posljednjih godina ipak raste i to uglavnom kao posljedica češćih pojava intenzivnih elementarnih nepogoda, a proračunska sredstva namijenjena za naknadu šteta od elementarnih nepogoda su nedostatna. Cilj rada je ispitati razvijenost tržišta poljoprivrednog osiguranja u Hrvatskoj i ispitati percepcije vinogradara – vinara vezane uz korištenje osiguranja kao instrumenta za upravljanje rizikom u vinogradarstvu. Percepcije vinogradara o korištenju osiguranja kao instrumenta upravljanja rizikom ispitane su anketnim istraživanjem vinogradara u Istri. Rezultati anketnog istraživanja upotpunjeni su i rezultatima intervjua izabranih osiguravajućih društava. Rezultati ankete vinogradara i intervjui osiguravajućih društava pokazuju da se osiguranje vinograda kao instrument za upravljanje rizikom u poljoprivredi ne koristi u dovoljnoj mjeri. Pritom, osiguravajuća društva ocjenjuju da u Hrvatskoj postoji potražnja za poljoprivrednim osiguranjem, ali da je ona nedovoljna i neproporcionalna broju i veličini nasada., The focus of this paper is an analyses of vineyards insurance. Though effective technical ways of protecting against natural disasters do exist, nonetheless, insurance and compensation for damages is still one of the most important risk management instruments. In Croatia, the agricultural insurance market remains insufficiently developed. The number of signed contracts for agricultural insurance in recent years has increased due to the frequency and intensity of natural disasters (as a consequence of climate change). In addition, budgeted funds for compensation is still insufficient. The aim of this paper is to examine the development of the agricultural insurance market in Croatia and to examine the perceptions of winemakers as to the use of insurance as a risk management instrument in viticulture. Winegrowers’ perceptions of insurance as a risk management tool are analysed using a survey conducted in the region of Istria. The survey results are supplemented with interviews of selected insurance companies. The results show that vineyard insurance as a risk management instrument has not been sufficiently utilised. Furthermore, insurance companies assume that demand for agricultural insurance in Croatia exists, but such policies remain inadequate and disproportionate to the number and size of plantations.

L'emergenza sanitaria globale causata dalla pandemia da Covid-19 ha influenzato anche il livello linguistico-comunicativo, sia per quanto riguarda il linguaggio dei media sia in strategie e scelte adottate da governi, autorità sanitarie, ecc. In questo articolo, continuiamo sulla scia di un nostro precedente lavoro (Matticchio, Melchior 2021), in cui abbiamo analizzato in via preliminare le informazioni in italiano pubblicate sui siti ufficiali delle istituzioni bilingui della Regione Istriana. Dopo una prima introduzione al bilinguismo ufficiale nella Regione Istriana, nel contributo viene analizzato l'italiano della pandemia e le possibili scelte (lessicali) divergenti nell'italiano d'Istria, cercando, per quanto possibile, di capire se sono dovute all'influenza del croato o ad altri motivi.

Colonialism is often regarded as a practice of domination of some European countries over territories on other continents. This is so much taken for granted that, for instance, Austria- Hungary is not even considered as a historical colonial power in historiography. Ruthner (2018) demonstrates that Austria-Hungary had de facto a colony on European soil - Bosnia-Herzegovina (annexed in 1878). It is also possible to recognize in some borderlands the “settler colonialism” (Veracini, 2015), which could be broadly defined as a kind of colonialism where the local population is replaced with or assimilated by another population brought by the rulers. The example of Istria, a peninsula disputed by many powers for centuries, will be used. As John E. Ashbrook (2006) shows, in historiography there are two concurrent nationalist narratives that are used to prove that Istria historically belongs to Italy or, from the Slavic side to Croatia and Slovenia. He recognizes a third narrative used by modern historians which tries to reconcile the two narratives in a third more multicultural narrative, as a territory of ethnic mixing. In my opinion, methodological nationalism (Wimmer and Schiller, 2003) is used in all three narratives, and that may be misleading in the explanation of historical situations. There are used regress arguments to explain various historical situations on the territory of Istria which lead to opposite firm blocks and to whataboutism (for example, the non/justification of war crimes). The concept of a historically multilayered settler colonialism may explain better the situation in the past, but also in the present. It may also be used to explain better the formation and/or acquisition of local identities by the settlers, be they italophone (for example, “regnicoli”, “monfalconesi”) or slavophone (for example, “kraljevci”, “benečani”), or people from the latest internal migrations in Slovenia, Italy and Croatia.

La lunga durata degli studi sul folclore istriano ha contribuito alla formazione dell'idea di una regione particolarmente ricca di tradizioni popolari. Nel presente lavoro si esamina il ruolo che queste tradizioni e gli studi a esse legati hanno avuto nella memoria italiana degli eventi traumatici che ebbero luogo in Istria durante e immediatamente dopo la Seconda guerra mondiale (le foibe e l'esodo istriano). Studi sulla memoria hanno dimostrato una notevole continuità fra l'interpretazione degli eventi istriani nella propaganda fascista (con il suo antislavismo), e la nazionalizzazione e l'olocaustizzazione della loro memoria avvenuta in ambito italiano dopo il 1989. Il presente lavoro intende avvalorare questa tesi di continuità, soffermandosi sul ruolo che in quella propaganda, come nelle interpretazioni odierne, giocano gli elementi del folclore.

U ovom radu analizom dostupne literature, statističkih podataka, postavljenih hipoteza provedeno je istraživanje o demografskim obilježjima gradova Istarske županije. Istražena obilježja važna su za razvoj društva naseljenog na navedenom prostoru. Dostupni podaci analizirani su uz pomoć Microsoft Office Exela i programa ArcGIS. Cilj istraživanja bio je napraviti detaljnu analizu ukupnog i prirodnog kretanja stanovništva, migracije i dobno-spolnog sastava stanovništva te obrazovnog, gospodarskog i narodonosnog sastava stanovništva. Detaljnu analizu ukupnog kretanja napravljena je za razdoblje 1971.–2021., a prirodnog kretanja stanovništva bilo je potrebno napraviti u vremenskom razdoblju 1971.–2020., dok je detaljnu analizu prethodno navedenih sastava stanovništva bilo potrebno napraviti u vremenskom razdoblju 1971.–2011. godine. Osim migracijskog salda koji je napravljen do 2021. Uz analizu podataka bilo je potrebno utvrditi moguće uzroke i posljedice,. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su porast broja stanovnika u dva od pet promatranih razdoblja, dok su u preostala tri razdoblja pokazali pad odnosno porast broja stanovnika ovisno od grada do grada. Pokazali su da se stanovništvo gradova najviše naseljava iz drugih gradova iste županije. Podaci dobno-spolnog sastava stanovništva pokazali su kako stanovništvo gradova svakim provedenim popisom stanovništva sve više stari. Rezultati za pojedine strukture stanovništva pokazali su poboljšanje obrazovne strukture, dominaciju tercijarnog sektora u gospodarskoj strukturi od 1971. godine do 2011. godine, a rezultati narodonosnog sastava stanovništva pokazali su najveći udio Hrvata, Talijana i Srba. In this thesis, through the analysis of available literature and statistical data, as well as hypotheses, the demographic characteristics of the cities of Istria County, which are important for the development of the society living in the mentioned area, are investigated. The available data were analyzed with the help of Microsoft Office Excel and the ArcGis program. The goal of the research was to make a detailed analysis of the overall and natural population movement, migration and age-sex composition of the population, educational, economic and ethnic composition of the population. It was necessary to make a detailed analysis of the overall movement in 1971-2021, and of the natural movement of the population in the time period 1971-2020, while a detailed analysis of the aforementioned population composition had to be made in the time period 1971-2011. years. In addition to the migration balance that was made until 2021. Along with the data analysis, it was necessary to determine the possible causes and consequences, which influenced the obtained research results. The research results showed an increase in the number of inhabitants in two of the five observed periods, while in the remaining three periods they showed a decrease or an increase in the number of inhabitants, depending on the city. They showed that the population of cities is mostly settled from other cities of the same county, and the data on the age-sex composition of the population showed that the population of cities is getting older with each census. The available literature that describes the educational, economic and ethnic structure of the population of Istria County or its cities is very scarce, therefore the causes and consequences are derived on the basis of the obtained results. The results for the mentioned structures showed a positive trend within the educational structure, the dominance of the tertiary sector in the economic structure from 1971. to 2011., and the results of the ethnic composition of the population showed the largest share of Croats, Italians and Serbs

Predmeti iz Antičke zbirke Arheološkog muzeja Istre korišteni u medicini, osobnoj higijeni i uljepšavanju potječu iz rimskih nekropola, privatnih kuća i javnih termi u gradovima rimske Istre i otoka Cresa te iz vila izvan gradova. U pojedinim slučajevima odražavaju specifično zanimanje, interese i aktivnosti svojih vlasnika. Karakteristični liječnički instrumenti su skalpeli i kuke od abakrene slitine ili željeza. Pribor od bakrene slitine s mogućnošću dvojne primjene u medicini i kozmetici zastupljen je u većem broju, a obuhvaća pincete, sonde, spatule, žlice i zdjelicu širokog otvora. Metalni pribor vezan prvenstveno za kozmetiku obuhvaća strugače, ručku četke, ogledala i određene oblike posuda poput aribala, amforice, patere i ciste. U medicini i kozmetici korištene su posude od keramike, raznih vrsta kamena i kosti. Ističu se skupocjene posude izrađene od mramora, kalcitnog alabastra, jantara i gorskog kristala. Osim od metala, instrumenti medicinske ili kozmetičke namjene, žlice, igle i češljevi, izrađivali su se od kosti., The medical instruments and toiletry and cosmetic utensils kept in the Roman Period Collection of the Archaeological Museum of Istria come from the Roman necropolises, private houses and public thermae in the Roman cities of Istria and the island of Cres, as well as from villas outside these cities. In some cases, they indicate specific professions, interests and activities of their owners. Typical among the medical instruments are scalpels and hooks made of a copper alloy or iron. Copper-alloy instruments intended for use in both surgery and cosmetics account for quite a number of these museum items; they include tweezers, probes, spatulas, spoons and a small wide-mouthed cup. Metal items, primarily used for cosmetic purposes, include strigils, a hairbrush handle, mirrors and vessels like aryballoi, amphorettes, pateras and cistae. In medicine and cosmetics, vessels of ceramics, bone and various types of stone were used. Particularly interesting are the valuable vessels made of marble, calcite alabaster, amber and rock crystal. Medical instruments and cosmetic utensils and spoons, needles and combs were made not only of metal but also of bone.

The second half of the 12th and the 13th century witnessed great institutional changes in Istrian towns due to the formation of communal government. This process, well-known in the Italian environment, included a certain degree of conflicts of interest with the local bishops. Two examples from Istria, namely the cities of Trieste and Poreč (Parenzo), lend themselves to interesting research. The bishops of Trieste, who held the public authority within the city walls from the mid-10th century onwards, presented a direct obstacle to the commune on its way towards complete autonomy. On the other hand, the bishops in Poreč understood the territory of the city district as the bishopric’s property. Their aspirations, which were based on the forged Privilegium Eufrasianum, also included fiscal and juridical powers and thus posed a problem for the communal development. Communes finally overcame both specific local situations; however, it is interesting to note that the reactions of the cathedral chapters differed greatly. Members of the chapter in Poreč stood by the bishop in his fight against the commune, which was backed by the power of Venice. Their counterparts in Trieste, though not so actively involved in the shift of the public power in the city, can eventually be regarded as the commune’s allies. The reasons for such different responses can be found not only in the practical, financial aspects, but also in the different relations within the bishopric in the previous centuries. Although cathedral chapters were not directly involved in the conflict and in the institutional changes per se, research into the relationship between chapters and bishops can provide an insight into bishoprics’ internal mechanisms that set the foundations for the late medieval and early modern period. La segunda mitad de los siglos XII y XIII presenta grandes cambios institucionales en las ciudades de Istria debido a la formación del gobierno comunal. Este proceso, bien conocido en el medio italiano, incluyó un cierto grado de conflicto de intereses con el obispo local. Dos ejempos de Istria, las ciudades de Trieste y Poreč (Parenzo), son por sí mismas un importante campo para la investigación. Los obispos de Triestre que habían mantenido el poder público dentro de las murallas de la ciudad desde mediados del siglo X se convirtieron en un obstáculo directo para la comuna en su camino hacia una total autonomía. Por otro lado, los obispos en Poreč percibieron el territorio del término de la ciudad como propiedad del obispado. Sus aspiraciones, que estaban basadas en un documento falsificado, el Privilegium Eufrasianum, también incluían poderes jurídicos y fiscales, resultando de este modo un problema para el desarrollo comunal. Las comunas finalmente superaron ambas situaciones locales específicas, pero lo que es interesante son las diferentes reacciones de los cabildos catedralicios. Miembros del cabildo de Poreč apoyaron al obispo en su lucha contra la comuna, la cual era respaldada por el poder de Venecia. Sus colegas en Trieste, aunque no estuvieron involurcrados activamente en el giro del poder público en la ciudad, pueden ser vistos al final como alidados de la comuna. Las razones para estas respuestas diferentes pueden encontrarse no solo en aspectos prácticos o financieros, sino también en las difrentes relaciones dentro del obispado en las centurias previas. Aunque los cabildos catedralicios no estuviron envueltos directamente en el conflicto y en los cambios institucionales per se, la investigación de las relaciones entre los cabildos y los obispos a la luz de estos sucesos puede ofrecer una visión de los mecanismos internos del obispado que establezca las bases para la Baja Edad Media y la temprana Edad Moderna.

Ovaj je članak nastao povodom 85. rođendana dr. sc. Stanka Škunce (rođen 1937.) i donosi osnovne informacije glede njegova životnog i profesionalnog puta. Škuncina aktivnost u dosadašnjem radu bila je usmjerena, osim u redovničko-pastoralnoj dimenziji kao člana Reda male braće sv. Franje, ujedno na autorskom polju kao klasičnog filologa, povjesničara i publicista. Sastavni dio članka je kratak osvrt na Škuncine monografske publikacije, a potom se donosi popis njegovih izabranih objavljenih radova u razdoblju od 1971. do 2021. godine., The article was written on the occasion of the 85th anniversary of the birth of Dr. sc. Stanko Škunca (*1937), and provides general information about his life and professional career. As a member of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis, Škunca’s activities were mainly directed towards the monastic and pastoral dimension. However, as an author, Škunca also worked as a classical philologist, historian and publicist. Part of the article is devoted to the evaluation of Škunca’s monographic editions, and at the end the reader can find a selected bibliography of Škunca’s published works in the period from 1971 to 2021.

The author analyzes the donation charter issued by King Otto IV during the Diet of Augsburg to Patriarch Wolfger and the Church of Aquileia, bestowing upon the recipient the temporal jurisdiction over the Margraviate of Istria. The charter has remained unedited and unknown to historiography to this day, fostering some erroneous interpretations of the events and circumstances that led to this fateful event in January of 1209. First, the author explicates the context surrounding the issuing of this donation charter, showing that newly recognized King Otto IV had much to gain from allying with Patriarch Wolfger. Second, the charter is analyzed from a diplomatic point of view, showing that the document, preserved only as a vidimus from 1303, is indeed authentic. The author concludes by viewing the donation through the analytical lenses of Marcel Mauss’s theory of the gift. The paper ends with the critical edition of the charter and its translation into contemporary English.

Determining the source of a stone raw material, for example, limestone for building a villa rustica, can be very useful in enlightening the distribution networks of different types of raw material. One of the analyses that can help locate the sources is the micropetrographic analysis. This method, to an extent, allows us to identify the type and geological age of raw material used for an activity. This data can be a starting point in raw material provenance study, using geological maps of the potential area of procurement. However, micropetrographic analysis besides obvious advantages has some shortcomings, and its results are not always enough for answering specific archaeological questions. This paper will showcase the application and limitations of the micropetrographic analysis in determining the archaeological raw material sources.

Regional unconformities and events in the shallow-marine carbonate successions of the Western Istrian Anticline (WIA) in the NW part of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP) (Vlahović et al. 2005) were studied within the WIAnLab project. Although shallow marine carbonate deposits predominated on the AdCP during the Albian, as it did most of the time during the Mesozoic, when the AdCP migrated and developed in the Tethyan Ocean, occasional emergences occurred (Durn et al. 2003). The Upper Albian deposits have documented facies shift from shallow-marine limestone with predominant benthic foraminiferal communities (including Pseudonummoloculina heimi (BONET), Nezzazata sp., Cuneolina sp.) to nearly terrestrial and lagoonal environments (with Charophyta and ostracods). Their characteristics and facies architecture indicate the influence of processes that occurred in variable depositional and diagenetic environments. Silicified limestones and diagenetic quartz-rich sediments accompanied by dolomites and clays have been documented. Worldwide data on silicification of continental and near-terrestrial carbonates are generally sparser than in marine environments (Bustillo 2010). Important clues to the Late Albian paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, and provenance have been obtained from these deposits associated with Western Istrian Anticline, an ideal natural laboratory for studying regional unconformities in carbonate rocks.

This article focuses on the study of a wreck found in Debeljak Cove, Premantura Promontory in the region of Istria and which was the object of research from 2017 to 2019. The wreck is located in shallow water, lying flat and highly fragmented on the seabed. The study of the remains has led to hypotheses about its construction concept and processes, though it has not been possible to locate its origin and construction site. It was a sailing ship, 15 to 17 m long, used for trade, probably on a regional level.