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Objective: During infection like sepsis, myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme will be generated from the neutrophil. This enzyme will catalyze theoxidation of halide or pseudohalide (Cl, I-, SCN, and Br-) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the mechanism by which oxidation of these severalcosubstrates in neonatal sepsis is unknown. Here, we have compared the kinetic parameter of MPO in saliva of newborn at risk of sepsis with orwithout the presence of these several cosubstrates.Methods: In this experiment, saliva samples were taken from newborn in health (n = 20) and risk of sepsis (n = 20). Saliva samples from each groupthen homogenized and divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control which contains saliva+H2O2; Group 2 contains saliva+H2O2+Cl−; Group 3contains saliva+H2O2+I−; and Group 4 contains saliva+H2O2+SCN−. After 1 h incubation, the kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) were analyzed.Results: The result shows that in sepsis condition, compared without the presence of some cosubstrates, it seems the addition of some cosubstratewill increase the affinity between MPO, H2O2, and the cosubstrate. Between these three cosubstrates, it seems in sepsis condition MPO will oxidize Cl−.Conclusion: In sepsis condition, MPO works by a common mechanism, that is, oxidizing Cl− to hypochlorous acid than another cosubstrate.

The study aimed to evaluate the sub-acute toxicity effect of aqueous N. coriacea leaves extract to kidney and liver function. The bio toxic study was conducted using male rats. In this study, the experimental animals received five different doses of aqueous N. coriacea leaves extract (0.1 mg, 1 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, and 1000 mg per day) for 4 weeks via oral route. After treatment, the level of plasma ureum, creatinine, Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) level were measured. The results show that most of dose treatments of aqueous extract of N. coriacea leaves had not statistically effect on the level of the plasma ureum and creatinine except for dosage of 1000 mg. Similarly, the dose treatments of that extract did not statistically change the plasma AST and ALT, except on 100 and 1000 mg/kg of b.w extract dose . In conclusion, a short-term intake of N. coriacea leaves extract via oral route was not toxic to kidney and liver. Keywords: N. coriacea , Kidney , Liver, Toxicity .

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to employ the UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry techniques to detect the changes in the blood of neonatal sepsis (NS) subject for a deeper understanding in the pathomechanism of NS. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2017 in the Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatric, Ulin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Blood specimens were taken from newborns, of which 15 each of newborns at risk of sepsis and without risk of sepsis. Data were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The result of this study suggested that there is a significant difference in the average of absorbance ratio parameter using UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods on the case group compared to the control group. Also, there is a significant difference between advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and thiocyanate (SCN) level in newborn at risk of sepsis. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated there were significant differences between the average of absorbance ratio parameter for protein and oxy-hemoglobin region using UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods in healthy subjects and newborn at risk of sepsis. KEYWORDS: spectrophotometric, neonatal sepsis, oxidative stress

Recently, forensic toxicology has been an interesting concern, especially in exposing the phenomena associated with the law. Using the forensic toxicology approach, several cases of lead (Pb) poisoning have been widely revealed. In this present study will be investigate the interaction between Pb and amino acid gastric mucosal constituent proteins, especially cysteine and tyrosine groups. This research is a pure experimental research with posttest control group design, which is divided into 4 groups with 6 rats (Rattus novergicus) in each group. Treatment in each group as follows; P0 was control group were given 2 ml of distilled water; P1 = administration of Pb 0.1 g/L; P2 = Pb administration of 1 mg/L; and P3 = Pb administration of 10 g/L for 4 weeks repectively. According to the results, it can be concluded that Pb-Protein interaction tends to binding of Pb-Cysteine rather than Pb-Tyrosine Keywords: Gastric Mucosa, Lead, Protein

The objectives of this study were to determine the involvement of Oxidative Stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) through the analysis of oxidative stress Index (OSI). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and OSI were measured in 61 child dengue patients and (aged 6 months–18 years) with three different stages of DHF, i.e stage I, II, and III. The results show that the levels of MDA, SOD and CAT activity, and OSI significantly different between the group. The all parameters that investigated in this present study seems higher MDA level and OSI in the higher grade of DHF, except for SOD and CAT activity. From this result, it can be concluded that oxidative stress pathways might be involved in the pathomechanism of DHF and OSI might be used as a biomarker for OS and the severity in DHF patients.

Recently, forensic toxicology has been an interesting concern, especially in exposing the phenomena associated with the law. Using the forensic toxicology approach, several cases of lead (Pb) poisoning have been widely revealed. In this present study will be investigate the interaction between Pb and amino acid gastric mucosal constituent proteins, especially cysteine and tyrosine groups. This research is a pure experimental research with posttest control group design, which is divided into 4 groups with 6 rats (Rattus novergicus) in each group. Treatment in each group as follows; P0 was control group were given 2 ml of distilled water; P1 = administration of Pb 0.1 g/L; P2 = Pb administration of 1 mg/L; and P3 = Pb administration of 10 g/L for 4 weeks repectively. According to the results, it can be concluded that Pb-Protein interaction tends to binding of Pb-Cysteine rather than Pb-Tyrosine

The objectives of this study were to measure several oxidative stress parameters in cervical mucous with several pathological conditions. The parameters are myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs) levels. Seventy-six women with aged 20-45 years, who attend to Indonesian Cancer Association, Jakarta, Indonesia were enrolled in the study. Cervical mucus was taken from each patient, and after that, pap smear procedure is performed to determine the condition of each patient's cervix. According to the results of the pap smear, there are three cervical conditions, such as normal, mild chronic specific infection, chronic non-specific infection, and atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). A significant increase in MPO activity, H2O2, and AOPPs levels were observed in all group of patients, compared to normal patients. In conclusion, oxidative stress was involved in several pathological conditions in the uterine cervix, and the parameters measured in this study may be used as a marker in those conditions.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant and anti-glycation activity of lemongrass (C. Citratus) leaves extract. The antioxidant activity was measured by hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and chelating effect of ferrous iron. The anti-glycation activity was determined by inhibition of hemoglobin glycation method. The results of this present studies showed that the C. Citratus leaves extract to have hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and chelating effect of ferrous iron activity. The results also showed that the C. Citratus leaves extract to have anti-glycation activity. The result showed that C. Citratus leaves extract more effective in all activity, except for hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The present study indicated that C. Citratus leaves extract showed a potential antioxidant and anti-glycation activity.

Clinical diagnosis of sepsis in neonate is difficult, because many signs of sepsis are nonspecific. There are several salivary biomarkers of stress as objective indicators of stress reactions.This study was designed to investigate the effect of ampicillin-gentamicin treatment to chlorinative stress parameters insaliva of newborn at risk of sepsis. Four chlorinative stress parameters were used, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) levels, and chlorinative index (CI). This study was performed in May until September 2016. Saliva samples were taken from 26 newborns at risk of sepsis treated in Ulin General Hospital, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. All newborns were given ampicillin-gentamicin three until ten days. The H2O2 levels, MPO activity, AOPPs levels, and CI were measured from the saliva taken from both pre and post treatment. Statistical analysis of the parameters were obtained from before and after the ampicillin-gentamicin treatment, using Mann-Whitney test. The used ofampicillin-gentamicin for treatment of newborns at risk of sepsis showed significant decrease in the H2O2 levels, MPO acitivity, AOPPs levels, and significant increases in the CI. From this results, it can be concluded that Ampicillin-gentamicin could reduce the chlorinative stress in newborn at risk of sepsis

The objectives of this study were to determine the involvement of oxidative stress and the ameliorative effect of quercetin (QUR) on mefenamic acid-induced small intestine toxicity by measuring the level of superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), protein carbonylation (PC), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). In this experiment, a small intestine was taken from male rats (Rattus novergicus). Samples then homogenized and divided into three groups with; T1 served as control which contains small intestine homogenate only; T2 which contains small intestine homogenate + 500 mg of mefenamic acid; and T3 which contains small intestine homogenate + 500 mg of mefenamic acid + 250 mg/L of quercetin. After treatment, every 15-minute superoxide radical, H2O2, PC, and AOPPs levels were estimated. The results revealed that mefenamic acid increased the level of superoxide radical, H2O2, PC, and AOPPs, while QUR decreases the level of all parameters. These results indicated that mefenamic acid induce small intestine toxicity through oxidative stress mechanisms as can be seen from the increasing of superoxide radical, H2O2, PC, and AOPPs levels. Also, the results indicated that QUR could inhibit these process as can be seen from the decreasing of all parameters.

T his present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cadmium ( Cd ) exposure on an increasing risk of D iabetes M elitus (DM) , through the measurement of blood glucose level and liver glucokinase activity in rats. The subjects that used in this study are 15 male rats (Rattus novergicus) with normal activity, 2-3 months old, and weighing 300±10 gram. The research subjects the divided into 3 groups ; P0 group are given commercial fed rats diets only ; P1 are given commercial fed rats + Cd with a concentration of 3 mg/l in drinking water for 1 day (acute) ; and P2 are given commercial fed rats+Cd with a concentration of 3 mg/l in drinking water for 4 weeks (subacute). The results of this present study show s that treatment with Cd significantly increase the levels of blood glucose (P < 0,05). The result also showed that treatment with Cd can increase the Km value of liver glucokinase, and it means Cd exposure can decrease the affinity between glucose and glucokinase. The present study demonstrated that Cd exposure could increase the risk of DM through increased the blood glucose and decrease the activity of liver glucokinase. Keywords : Cadmium, glucose metabolism, glucose, glucokinase

In the present study antioxidant and antioxidant activity of some tropical fruits was evaluated. Antioxidants are compounds or molecules that can scavenging and prevent free radicals and reactive oxygen species that can caused a cell damage. Fruit was known as a source of antioxidant. South Kalimantan Indonesia, has a variety of fruit such as mentega, nangka, timun suri and kuranji. Study for evaluating the antioxidant levels and activity of those fruit were never been investigated. Thus, our study aim to measure the antioxidant levels and antioxidant activtity of those selected fruits. Ascorbic acid, lycopene, b-carotene levels and antioxidant activity of four selected tropical fruits was evaluated using spectrophotometer. The result of this studied suggest that the four selected tropical fruits is potential antioxidant because it contained ascorbic acid, b-carotene, lycopene and had effect of scavenging radical hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide and chellating ferrous iron.