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70 results on '"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)'

1. [Untitled]

Author: Mennonite Economic Development Associates (MEDA) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
Published: 2021
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2. Dietary intakes, vitamin A, and iron status of women of childbearing age and children 6-59 months of age from Akwa Ibom state in Nigeria

Author: International Institute Of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Published: 2015
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3. Towards an efficient and risk aware strategy for guiding farmers in identifying best crop management

Author: Gautron, Romain, Baudry, Dorian, Adam, Myriam, Falconnier, Gatien N, Corbeels, Marc, International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles [Ouagadougou] (INERA), Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique [Ouagadougou] (CNRST), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center [Zimbabwe] (CIMMYT), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA Kenya), and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.2: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: Identification of best performing fertilizer practices among a set of contrasting practices with field trials is challenging as crop losses are costly for farmers. To identify best management practices, an ''intuitive strategy'' would be to set multi-year field trials with equal proportion of each practice to test. Our objective was to provide an identification strategy using a bandit algorithm that was better at minimizing farmers' losses occurring during the identification, compared with the ''intuitive strategy''. We used a modification of the Decision Support Systems for Agro-Technological Transfer (DSSAT) crop model to mimic field trial responses, with a case-study in Southern Mali. We compared fertilizer practices using a risk-aware measure, the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), and a novel agronomic metric, the Yield Excess (YE). YE accounts for both grain yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency. The bandit-algorithm performed better than the intuitive strategy: it increased, in most cases, farmers' protection against worst outcomes. This study is a methodological step which opens up new horizons for risk-aware ensemble identification of the performance of contrasting crop management practices in real conditions.
Published: 2022

4. Reconciling yield gains in agronomic trials with returns under African smallholder conditions

Author: Moses Thuita, Karen Macours, Cargele Masso, Rachid Laajaj, Bernard Vanlauwe, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-DRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Emerging technologies, Yield (finance), Developing country, lcsh:Medicine, Zea mays, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Agricultural science, 0302 clinical medicine, Economics, Humans, lcsh:Science, Developing Countries, Selection (genetic algorithm), Yield gain, 2. Zero hunger, Farmers, Multidisciplinary, Poverty, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, 1. No poverty, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Kenya, Crop Production, Environmental social sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Agriculture, Scale (social sciences), lcsh:Q, Soybeans, business, Agroecology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Increased adoption of improved agricultural technologies is considered an essential step to address global poverty and hunger, and agronomic trials suggest intensification in developing countries could result in large yield gains. Yet the promise of new technologies does not always carry over from trials to real-life conditions, and diffusion of many technologies remains limited. We show how parcel and farmer selection, together with behavioural responses in agronomic trials, can explain why yield gain estimates from trials may differ from the yield gains of smallholders using the same inputs under real-life conditions. We provide quantitative evidence by exploiting variation in farmer selection and detailed data collection from research trials in Western Kenya on which large yield increments were observed from improved input packages for maize and soybean. After adjusting for selection, behavioural responses, and other corrections, estimates of yield gains fall to being not significantly different from zero for the input package tested on one of the crops (soybean), but remain high for the other (maize). These results suggest that testing new agricultural technologies in real-world conditions and without researcher interference early in the agricultural research and development process might help with identifying which innovations are more likely to be taken up at scale.
Published: 2020

5. Re-assessing the pest status of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) on solanaceous crops and farmers control practices in Benin

Author: Azandeme-Hounmalon, Ginette, Sikirou, Rachidatou, Onzo, Alexis, Fiaboe, Komi, Tamo, Manuele, Kreiter, Serge, Martin, Thibaud, Université Nationale d’Agriculture (UNA), Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), Université de Parakou (UP), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), and This work was supported by the Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) through the project 'Programme National de la Recherche Agricole' (PNRA) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture of Benin (IITA-Benin).
Subjects: Ravageur des plantes, Enquête organismes nuisibles, Predatory mites, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Solanaceous crops, Chemical pesticide, Tetranychids, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Pesticide, Acarien prédateur, Benin, Tetranychus, Agronomy and Crop Science, Solanaceae, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Highlights• Importance of re-assessment of Tetranychus evansi status.• Importance of T. evansi damage on Tomato, African eggplant and pepper.• Importance of heavy chemical doses application.• Local predatory mites.AbstractThis study was carried out 7 years after a first one conducted in 2013 as part of the policy of the Benin government to promote the vegetable production sector. Data collection was mostly based on a countrywide survey conducted in 25 municipalities throughout Benin, from August to December 2020. Farmers were selected based on their experience in cultivating solanaceous crops, and were interviewed to assess their perception about the severity of the spider mite Tetranychus evansi, the control method they used against this pest, and their knowledge about potential predators associated with the mites. Additionally, predatory mites associated with T. evansi in farmer fields were identified. All farmers recognized T. evansi to which they attributed local names depending on their ethnic group. They were also able to identify its damages on solanaceous crops. They indicated that outbreaks of T. evansi occurs at the end of the rainy season while their damages are more severe during the dry season. Production losses due to the mites were estimated by farmers to 27%, 24% and 22% respectively for tomato, African eggplant, pepper in the moderate damage case and 80%, 79%, 55% respectively for tomato, African eggplant and pepper in the severe damage conditions. To fight the mites, farmers generally apply heavy doses of chemical pesticides at high frequency. Pyrethroid and organophosphate compounds are the most frequently used pesticides. The only phytophagous mite recorded was T. evansi. A total of four species of predatory mites, all belonging to the phytoseiid family, were found associated with the pest on Solanaceous plants: Amblyseius swirskii, A. tamatavensis, Neoseiulus barkeri and N. longispinosus. This is the first report of the presence of N. longispinosus in Benin. Considering the high losses attributed to the pest, effective and sustainable management practices are necessary.
Published: 2022

6. Progeny fitness determines the performance of the parasitoid Therophilus javanus, a prospective biocontrol agent against the legume pod borer

Author: Barry R. Pittendrigh, Ramasamy Srinivasan, Manuele Tamò, Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta, Djibril Aboubakar Souna, Mesmin Alizannon, Anne-Nathalie Volkoff, Marc Ravallec, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), World Vegetable Center, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Cooperation and Cultural Action Service (SCAC) of the French Embassy in Cotonou N 898392E, CGIAR, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1082463
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Behavioural ecology, Ecophysiology, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wasps, Biological pest control, Moths, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Parasitoid, Toxicology, Animals, Population dynamics, Pest Control, Biological, Larva, Multidisciplinary, biology, Host (biology), Reproduction, fungi, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Maruca vitrata, Medicine, Instar, Female, Agroecology, Sex ratio
Abstract: Therophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta) is an exotic larval endoparasitoid newly imported from Asia into Africa as a classical biological control agent against the pod borer Maruca vitrata (Fabricius). The parasitoid preference for the five larval instars of M. vitrata and their influence on progeny sex ratio were assessed together with the impact of larval host age at the time of oviposition on development time, mother longevity and offspring production. In a choice situation, female parasitoids preferred to oviposit in the first three larval instars. The development of immature stages of the parasitoid was observed inside three-day-old hosts, whereby the first two larval instars of T. javanus completed their development as endoparasites and the third larval instar as ectoparasite. The development time was faster when first larval instars (two- and three-day-old) of the host caterpillars were parasitized compared to second larval instar (four-day-old). The highest proportion of daughters (0.51) was observed when females were provided with four-day-old hosts. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.21 ± 0.01), the lowest rate of increase (λ) (1.23 ± 0.01), and the lowest net reproductive rate (Ro) (35.93 ± 6.51) were recorded on four-day-old hosts. These results are discussed in the light of optimizing mass rearing and release strategies.
Published: 2021

7. Secondary metabolite effects of different cocoa genotypes on feeding preference of the mirid Sahlbergella singularis Hagl

Author: R. Dibanda Feumba, I. Mama Ngah, C.F. Bilong Bilong, P. B. Nsoga Etam, Raymond Joseph Mahob, Hermine Claudine Mahot, D. M. Taliedje, F. Edoun Ebouel, Rachid Hanna, Régis Babin, C. B. Bakwo Bassogog, Université de Yaoundé I, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), University of Buéa, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d'Etudes des Plantes Médicinales (IMPM), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and public investment funds of Cameroon
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, %22">Major , Secondary metabolite, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, Feeding behavior, Attractiveness/antixenosis, Genotype, Plant defense against herbivory, medicine, Sahlbergella singularis, Theobroma cacao, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Herbivore, Ecology, food and beverages, Plant secondary metabolites, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, 010602 entomology, Biochemical analyses, Tolerantresistant varieties, Insect Science, Insect-plant interactions, Résistance aux organismes nuisibles, PEST analysis, Sahlbergella, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Sahlbergella singularis is a major insect pest of cocoa in Cameroon. Conventional insecticides remain the most widely used option for mirid control, which unfortunately have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Improved methods of controlling this species, both environmentally friendly and inexpensive to farmers, are requirements. Varietal control based on the selection of resistant and/or tolerant genotypes can be an interesting approach. Nonetheless, the role of secondary metabolites (SMs) in cocoa defense against mirids is poorly documented; yet, these compounds are reported to be key elements in plant defense against herbivores. For this purpose, SMs of twelve cocoa genotypes were identified and quantified, as well as their impact on food preference by mirids. Food preference was assessed through microtests measuring cocoa attractiveness and antixenosis toward mirids. The results showed that cocoa genotypes were differently accepted as food by mirids, with a significant preference for hybrid IMC60 x SNK605 and a non-preference for T60/887. The ten other cocoa genotypes showed intermediate results. Five SMs classes: alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and tannins were identified. Their rates varied between cocoa genotypes: polyphenols > alkaloids > flavonoids > tannins, and saponins. Cocoa genotypes with high total phenolic contents were significantly preferred by S. singularis (r(alpha) = 0.86, R-2 = 74.0%, P < 0.001), while those with low saponins contents were lowly accepted (r(alpha) = - 0.83, R-2 = 68.9%, P < 0.015), independently of the levels of other SMs. Given SMs high potential to affect mirid feeding behavior, analyzing cocoa SMs composition may help in early selection of resistant cocoa varieties against S. singularis.
Published: 2021

8. Biocontrol of the Brown Cocoa Mirids Using Neem Oil and an Ethanolic Extract from Neem under Laboratory Conditions

Author: S. Eteme Enama, Raymond Joseph Mahob, Christian Cilas, C.F. Bilong Bilong, D. M. Taliedje, I. Mama Ngah, Hermine Claudine Mahot, Y.G. Fotso Toguem, Rachid Hanna, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon, Université de Yaoundé I, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction Générale Déléguée à la Recherche et à la Stratégie (Cirad-Dgdrs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and This study was funded by the special research allowances from the Ministry of Higher Education and internal allowances from the University of Yaounde I. Thanks to the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture for logistic and laboratory products.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Insecticide d'origine végétale, insecticide biologique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sahlbergella singularis, Biological pest control, H02 - Pesticides, Gestion intégrée des ravageurs, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, Ingestion, Theobroma cacao, Huile de neem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Neem oil, Azadirachta indica, High mortality, cocoa agroforestry systems, Pesticide, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, biopesticide, integrated pest management (IPM), 010602 entomology, Biopesticide, Insect Science, PEST analysis, Lutte biologique contre les ravageurs, Agronomy and Crop Science, Insecte nuisible, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The African mirid bug (Sahlbergella singularis) is the most economically important insect pest in cocoa farms. Pesticide management, although controversial due to the adverse effects of these substances on the environment and on human health, remains the main option used for controlling this pest. In the recent decades, the development of alternative approaches to synthetic pesticides is a requirement. Therefore, we used neem oil (NO) and ethanolic extracts (EE) from leaves at different concentrations to evaluate, in vitro, their insecticidal potentials against mirids. Mirid mortality increased significantly with increase in concentrations, values ranged from 32.5 to 92.5% for EE and 52.5 to 97.5% forNO. Apart from negative controls, Tween 80 and distilled water, that showed significant low mortality rates, both extracts revealed effectiveness comparable to the reference insecticide used in controlling mirids, except for EE by ingestion. Mirids treated by contact showed significantly high mortality rates (72.5 to 97.5 %) compared to those treated by ingestion (32.5 to 70.0 %). The greatest biological effectiveness values were obtained at a concentration of 8 % by contact exposure: 0.88 ml/ml (NO) and 0.73 g/ml (EE) for LC50 and =1 day to both extracts for LT50. Given effectiveness comparable to that of the insecticide, both tested extracts should be considered as effective biopesticides for IPM against mirids, especially S. singularis.
Published: 2021

9. New insights into the diversity, taxonomy and history of the fern genus Trichomanes (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae), with a focus on Africa and the western Indian Ocean

Author: Vincent Droissart, Samuli Lehtonen, Alexandre Salino, Hanna Tuomisto, Timothée Le Péchon, Jean-Yves Dubuisson, Atsushi Ebihara, Sabine Hennequin, Germinal Rouhan, Vincent Deblauwe, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanic Garden Meise, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of Turku
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Hymenophyllaceae, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Indian ocean, Genus, Trichomanes, Taxonomy (biology), 14. Life underwater, Fern, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Polypodiidae, 030304 developmental biology, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract: The filmy fern genus Trichomanes mainly comprises Neotropical species and a few taxa in Africa and the western Indian Ocean. The aim of this study is to infer the phylogenetic placement of all five Afro-Malagasy taxa in the genus and to investigate their history via an expanded and dated phylogenetic analysis including 39 species representing over half the diversity of the genus. The results support the monophyly of Trichomanes including all the sampled species attributed to the genus, but also suggest the inclusion of the species Abrodictyum cellulosum, revealing a morphological diversity of the genus greater than what was traditionally recognized, and highlighting the importance of the campanulate sorus as a generic diagnostic character. To accommodate those new phylogenetic results and morphological investigations, we describe a new subgenus Afrotrichomanes grouping the Afro-Malagasy taxa (except T. crenatum). The dated history of the genus among the trichomanoids suggests at least two origins for the Palaeotropical species. A recent Cainozoic colonization from the Neotropics towards Africa gave rise to the West African taxon T. crenatum, and a possible Mesozoic vicariance event gave rise to subgenus Afrotrichomanes. The low species diversity of the genus in the Afro-Malagasy region is discussed.
Published: 2021

10. Des analyses protéotrancriptomiques révèlent une grande expansion des protéines de type métalloprotéase dans les vésicules atypiques de venin de la guêpe parasitoide Meteorus pulchricornis (Braconidae)

Author: Gatti, Jean-Luc, Belghazi, Maya, Legeai, Fabrice, Ravallec, Marc, Frayssinet, Marie, Robin, Stéphanie, Aboubakar-Souna, Djibril, Srinivasan, Ramasamy, Tamò, Manuele, Poirié, Marylène, Volkoff, Anne-Nathalie, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de neurophysiopathologie (INP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Department of Plant Health (SPE) from the French National Institute for Research in Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) and from the French Government, ANR-12-ADAP-0001,ABC - PaPoGen,Adaptation en lutte biologique - Génomique des populations de parasitoïdes(2012), ANR-11-LABX-0028,SIGNALIFE,Réseau d'Innovation sur les Voies de Signalisation en Sciences de la Vie(2011), ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: Meteorus pulchricornis, venomics, DUF-4803 proteins, Braconidae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], virus-like particles (VLPs), transcriptomic, metalloproteases, parasitoid wasp, complex mixtures, proteomic
Abstract: International audience; Meteorus pulchricornis (Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae) is an endoparasitoid wasp of lepidopteran caterpillars. Its parasitic success relies on vesicles (named M. pulchricornis Virus-Like Particles or MpVLPs) that are synthesized in the venom gland and injected into the parasitoid host along with the venom during oviposition. In order to define the content and understand the biogenesis of these atypical vesicles, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the venom gland and a proteomic analysis of the venom and purified MpVLPs. About half of the MpVLPs and soluble venom proteins identified were unknown and no similarity with any known viral sequence was found. However, MpVLPs contained a large number of proteins labelled as metalloproteinases while the most abundant protein family in the soluble venom was that of proteins containing the Domain of Unknown Function DUF-4803. The high number of these proteins identified suggests that a large expansion of these two protein families occurred in M. pulchricornis. Therefore, although the exact mechanism of MpVLPs formation remains to be elucidated, these vesicles appear to be “metalloproteinase bombs” that may have several physiological roles in the host including modifying the functions of its immune cells. The role of DUF4803 proteins, also present in the venom of other braconids, remains to be clarified.
Published: 2021

11. Push-pull strategy combined with net houses for controlling cowpea insect pests and enhancing crop yields

Author: Lucy Kananu Murungi, Komi K. M. Fiaboe, John Munji Kimani, Seydou Diabate, Thibaud Martin, Emilie Deletre, John Wesonga, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), ICIPE, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Montpellier (UM), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Empoasca, biology, Crop yield, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Trialeurodes, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, 010602 entomology, Maruca vitrata, 13. Climate action, Dry season, Push–pull strategy, Aphis craccivora, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Net houses can be used in tropical environments to protect crops such as cowpea against large insect pests, thereby avoiding pesticide treatments while sustainably mitigating the effects of climate change. We investigated a push-pull strategy to prevent small insect pest outbreaks in a net house. The push component consisted of two stimulus plants, i.e. Cymbopogon citratus and Tagetes minuta, and the pull stimuli consisted of visual cues from blue and yellow sticky traps. Field experiments were set up in central Kenya and conducted during a rainy and a dry season, involving an open field control treatment, and three management treatments consisting of (1) an open field push-pull treatment, (2) a net house treatment and (3) a combined net house + push-pull treatment. Trialeurodes vaporariorum infestations were lower in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments than in the two open field treatments during the dry period or in the control treatment during the rainy period. Aphis craccivora infestations were higher in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments than in the control and open field push-pull treatments during the dry period, while no differences were observed among treatments during the rainy period. Megalurothrips sjostedti infestations did not vary among treatments in both periods. Among the larger insect pests, Clavigralla tomentosicollis infestations were lower in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments than in the open field treatments during the dry period, while Maruca vitrata infestations were lower in the net house treatment than in the control. During the rainy period, C. tomentosicollis infestations were higher in the net house + push-pull treatment than in the net house treatment, whereas M. vitrata infestations did not vary among treatments. Compared to the control, Empoasca sp. infestations were lower in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments in both periods, and in the open field push-pull treatment in the rainy period. Cowpea pod and grain yield and quality were higher in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments than in the control irrespective of the period. Although the treatments 1 reduced some of the pests, the net house and net house + push-pull treatments were effective in protecting cowpeas against most of the pests while improving pod yields in both periods.
Published: 2021

12. PICT: A low cost, modular, open‐source camera trap system to study plant‐insect interactions

Author: Droissart, Vincent, AZANDI, LAURA, Onguene, Eric Rostand, Savignac, Marie, Smith, Thomas, Deblauwe, Vincent, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Center for Tropical Research (|os Angeles] (CTR), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Behavioural ecology, Pollination biology, Raspberry Pi, Low‐cost technology, E‐ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Digital video recording, Plant‐insect interaction, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, DIY camera trap
Abstract: International audience; 1. Commercial camera traps (CTs) commonly used in wildlife studies have several technical limitations that restrict their scope of application. They are not easily customizable, unit prices sharply increase with image quality, and importantly, they are not designed to record the activity of ectotherms such as insects. Those developed for the study of plant-insect interactions are yet to be widely adopted as they rely on expensive and heavy equipment. 2. We developed PICT (Plant-insect Interactions Camera Trap), an inexpensive (720p resolution with a 110 Wh power bank (30,000 mAh). Its ultra-portable (
Published: 2021

13. Filling the gaps in gene banks: Collecting, characterizing, and phenotyping wild banana relatives of Papua New Guinea

Author: Catherine Breton, Julie Sardos, Janet Paofa, Simon Kallow, Claude Welcker, Bart Panis, David Eyland, Steven Janssens, François Tardieu, Sebastien Carpentier, Rony Swennen, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Bioversity International [Belgique], International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Tanzania), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), PNG National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), 'Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Pro-tecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives,' which is supported by the Government of Norway., Global Crop Diversity Trust in part-nership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world (http://www.cwrdiversity.org/)., The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Interna-tionale Zusammenarbiet GIZ, scholarship funded by the Global TRUST foundation project 'Crop wild Relatives Evaluation of drought tolerance in wild bananas from Papua New Guinea', CGIAR Fund (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/), CGIAR Research Program Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB-CRP), Belgian Development Cooperation project ‘‘More fruit for food security: Developing climate-smart bananas for the African Great Lakes region.', European Project: 731013 ,EPPN2020(2017), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Botanic Garden Meise
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Vapour Pressure Deficit, business.industry, Drought tolerance, Plant genetics, 15. Life on land, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Musa peekelii, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, Horticulture, Gene bank, Agriculture, Shoot, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Since natural habitats are disappearing fast, there is an urgent need to collect, characterize, and phenotype banana (Musa spp.) crop wild relatives to identify unique genotypes with specific traits that fill the gaps in our gene banks. We report on a collection mission in Papua New Guinea carried out in 2019. Seed containing bunches were collected from Musa peekelii ssp. angustigemma (N.W.Simmonds) Argent (3), M. schizocarpa N. W. Simmonds (4), M. balbisiana Colla (3), M. acuminata ssp. banksii (F. Muell.) Simmonds (14), M. boman Argent (3), M. ingens Simmonds (2), M. maclayi ssp. maclayi F.Muell. ex Mikl.-Maclay (1), and M. lolodensis Cheesman (1). This material, together with the seeds collected during a previous mission in 2017, form the basis for the development of a wild banana seed bank. For characterization and phenotyping, we focused on the most ubiquitous indigenous species of Papua New Guinea: M. acuminata ssp. banksii, the ancestor of most edible bananas. We calculated that the median genomic dissimilarity of the M. acuminata ssp. banksii accessions was 4% and that they differed at least 5% from accessions present in the International Transit Centre, the world's largest banana gene bank. High-throughput phenotyping revealed drought avoidance strategies with significant differences in root/shoot ratio, soil water content sensitivity, and response towards vapor pressure deficit (VPD). We deliver a proof of principle that the wild diversity is not yet fully covered in the gene banks and that wild M. acuminata ssp. banksii populations contain individuals with unique traits, useful for drought tolerance breeding programs.
Published: 2021

14. Impacts on greenhouse gas balance and rural economy after agroecology development in Itasy Madagascar

Author: Alain Albrecht, Mamonjiniaina Andriamirajo Ramarofidy, Tantely M. Razafimbelo, Sylvain Deffontaines, Tiphaine Chevallier, Cargele Masso, Adrien Lepage, Syndhia Mathé, Lydie Chapuis-Lardy, Narindra H. Rakotovao, Tsifera Henintsoa Rakotoniamonjy, Laboratoire des Radio-Isotopes (LRI), Université d'Antananarivo, Université d'Antananarivo, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Agrisud International [Madagascar], Agrisud International, Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), BNP Paribas through SoCa’s project 'Soil carbon for tropical subsistence farming'., Mahavotra project (2001–2016) 'Agroecology and forestry in Itasy Region, Madagascar', funded by the Agence Française de Développement (AFD), Aquitaine Region (France), and International Foundation for Science Grant N° I-1-D-5594-2
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Économie rurale, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Strategy and Management, agroécologie, 02 engineering and technology, Agroforesterie, System of Rice Intensification, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Agricultural economics, Sustainable agriculture, Agriculture durable, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Compost, Profitability index, Gaz à effet de serre, System of rice intensification, 020209 energy, 12. Responsible consumption, systèmes agroforestiers, impacts socio-économiques, Agroforestry, Agroecology, Productivity, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, 0505 law, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Impact sur l'environnement, Emission Sink, Analyse économique, 15. Life on land, Carbon footprint, Climate change mitigation, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Greenhouse gas, 050501 criminology, business
Abstract: International audience; Rural development projects to develop sustainable agriculture need to be assessed before engaging smallholder farmers at large scale. Data on agricultural systems to produce food, provide income for smallholders and reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions are scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Here, we assessed the potential of agroecological practices (AP) on economic benefits to farmers, GHG balance derived from agricultural activities, and efficiency of economic investments to mitigate GHG. The study was based on a NGO rural development project, which promoted AP: agroforestry, compost, and System of Rice Intensification. The economic and GHG mitigation benefits were projected over a period of 20 years on three scenarios. Two scenarios, differing by two expected levels of AP adoption, were compared to a reference one, in which there was no NGO intervention. Socio-economic, yield and soil data were gathered on 192 farms during five growing seasons (2013–2018). The GHG balance was estimated with TropiC Farm Tool and EX-ACT. The GHG emissions were reduced in both scenarios compared to the reference one: −5.2 to −13.6 tCO2eq farm−1 yr−1 for scenario 1 and 2 respectively. At the regional scale, the projected amount of C saved per euro invested was estimated at −0.25 tCO2eq euro−1 and -0.41 tCO2eq Euro−1 (or € 4 to 2.5 tCO2eq−1) under scenario 1 and scenario 2. The annual cash flow of farmers increased over the 20 years. Our study highlighted the potential of AP for increasing productivity and profitability of smallholder agricultural systems for the Malagasy farmers, while simultaneously contributing to climate change mitigation.
Published: 2021

15. Cocoa marketing chain in developing countries: How do formal-informal linkages ensure its sustainability in Cameroon?

Author: Armel Awah Manga, Maria Geitzenauer, Dorothy Engwali Fon, Lionel Lenou Nkouedjo, Syndhia Mathé, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Dschang, Chercheur indépendant, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: Sociology and Political Science, E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution, Developing country, Qualitative property, produits de cacao, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Competition (economics), Intermediary, Cocoa, secteur agro-alimentaire, 0502 economics and business, Theobroma cacao, Marketing margin, 050207 economics, Marketing, Pays en développement, Durabilité, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, E21 - Agro-industrie, Coût de distribution, Descriptive statistics, Liberalization, 05 social sciences, Marketing cost, Chain (unit), Sustainability, Market intermediaries, Business, Circuit de commercialisation, Marketing channel, Marge de distribution, 050203 business & management
Abstract: International audience; Although liberalization of the cocoa sector has increased internal competition within the marketing chain it has also led to the emergence of informal market actors within the chain. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse how the cocoa marketing chain operates by measuring and comparing the marketing margins of the formal and informal actors. Qualitative data were used to establish the structure of the marketing chain and quantitative data to estimate the marketing margins. A total sampling size of 76 cocoa market actors was obtained by using a multi-stage sampling technique: 15 for qualitative data and 61 for quantitative data. Descriptive analysis was used to map the marketing chain and economic analysis to compute the costs and margins for both informal and formal market intermediaries from the Centre and South-West regions in Cameroon. The results indicated three market intermediaries (one informal and two formal) and four marketing channels by which cocoa moves from the farmers to the exporters. The calculation of marketing costs indicated that informal actors incurred the highest costs in both regions. The results regarding the marketing margins were twofold: informal actors obtain low net marketing margins when they do not use illicit strategies, but high net marketing margins when illicit strategies are used. Given the significant role of informal actors, we suggest that their actions should be integrated in a suitable manner into those of formal actors to contribute to a better performance of the marketing chain and to the sustainability of the cocoa sector.
Published: 2020

16. Managing and monitoring genetic isolation and local adaptation of endemic and introduced Cotesia sesamiae for the biological control of the cereal stemborer Busseola fusca in Cameroon

Author: Stéphane Dupas, Laure Kaiser, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Paul-André Calatayud, Bruno Pierre Le Ru, Albert Fomumbod Abang, Alexandre Depoilly, Fritz Schulthess, Rachid Hanna, Rose Ndemah, Julius Obonyo, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR]-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), ICIPE, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Busseola fusca, Population, Zoology, Biology, Cotesia sesamiae, 01 natural sciences, Molecular ecology, Genetic, Stemborer, Polydnavirus, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Local adaptation, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Host (biology), 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Biological control, Insect Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Wolbachia, Agronomy and Crop Science, Genetic isolate, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The success of biological bontrol (BC) introductions can be enhanced by considering theory and knowledge of biological systems. The gregarious braconid parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae (Cameroon) is one of the best studied biological control agent from the perspective of molecular ecology. Its evolutionary adaptation to the target host involves symbiotic partners. Polydnaviruses are responsible for immune and developmental adaptations whereas Wolbachia bacteria may reinforce this local adaptation though genetic isolation mechanisms. The noctuid Busseola fusca is a major stemborer pest of maize in sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast to eastern Africa, C. sesamiae is rarely found on B. fusca in western Africa. It is however often obtained from other stemborer species feeding on wild grasses. A biological control project was launched in 2006–2007 by introducing to Cameroon seven crosses of Kenyan populations of C. sesamiae collected in different ecozones. They included populations adapted to B. fusca that develop on maize as well as populations adapted to other hosts feeding on wild plants to allow carryover between cropping seasons. Wolbachia strains responsible for cytoplasmic reproductive incompatibilities with endemic strains were included in the crosses to limit genetic exchanges between introduced and endemic C. sesamiae and preserve genetic adaptation to B. fusca of the introduced populations, while at the same time preserving their ability to survive on wild plants. Six post release surveys were carried out on maize from 2007 to 2013, and on wild grasses in 2013. A total of 393 C. sesamiae individuals, each from one cocoon mass, were genotyped for 11 microsatellite loci. Multidimensional scaling analysis, STRUCTURE and GENECLASS analyses assigned almost all the parasitoids recovered from maize to those introduced from Kenya. The introduced strains were also recovered from wild host plants with little genetic exchanges with endemics. Each population remained strongly associated with its original Wolbachia component, suggesting that Wolbachia may contribute to genetic isolation between endemics and introduced populations in wild host plants when maize is absent, thereby conciliating biological control success and safety.
Published: 2020

17. Importance of genetic parameters and uncertainty of MANIHOT, a new mechanistic cassava simulation model

Author: Luis Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Pieter Pypers, Daniel Wallach, María Sara Mejía de Tafur, Myles J. Fisher, Senthold Asseng, Steven D. Prager, Leidy Patricia Moreno-Cadena, Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Palmira, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) as part of the African Cassava Agronomy Initiative (ACAI) - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1130649, and NASA Earth Science/Applied Science Program
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Manihot, Soil Science, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Article, Statistics, Sensitivity (control systems), Leaf area index, Uncertainty analysis, Mathematics, biology, Simulation modeling, Sampling (statistics), Sobol sequence, Sobol, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Enhanced sampling uniformity (eSU), 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, DSSAT, Sensitivity analysis, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Highlights • Model outputs showed sensitivity to about 80 % of the 16 genetic parameters. • At least 20 % of the output variance is due to interactions among parameters. • Importance of parameters varied between warm and cool environments. • Sensitivity of parameters did not differ between rainfed and unlimited conditions. • Uncertainty due to crop model parameters can be larger than crop model uncertainty., We identified the most sensitive genotype-specific parameters (GSPs) and their contribution to the uncertainty of the MANIHOT simulation model. We applied a global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (GSUA) of the GSPs to the simulation outputs for the cassava development, growth, and yield in contrasting environments. We compared enhanced Sampling for Uniformity, a qualitative screening method new to crop simulation modeling, and Sobol, a quantitative, variance-based method. About 80% of the GSPs contributed to most of the variation in maximum leaf area index (LAI), yield, and aboveground biomass at harvest. Relative importance of the GSPs varied between warm and cool temperatures but did not differ between rainfed and no water limitation conditions. Interactions between GSPs explained 20% of the variance in simulated outputs. Overall, the most important GSPs were individual node weight, radiation use efficiency, and maximum individual leaf area. Base temperature for leaf development was more important for cool compared to warm temperatures. Parameter uncertainty had a substantial impact on model predictions in MANIHOT simulations, with the uncertainty 2–5 times larger for warm compared to cool temperatures. Identification of important GSPs provides an objective way to determine the processes of a simulation model that are critical versus those that have little relevance.
Published: 2020

18. Diversity and socio-economic aspects of oil palm agroforestry systems on the Allada plateau, southern Benin

Author: Guillaume Lucien Amadji, Lydie Chapuis-Lardy, Hervé Nonwègnon Sayimi Aholoukpé, Cathy Clermont-Dauphin, Hermione Koussihouèdé, Bernard Barthès, Laurence Jassogne, Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche Agricole du Bénin (INRAB), INRAB, LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA Uganda), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), French Institute for Research for Development (IRD), BNP Paribas Foundation for its support through its Climate Initiative and the SoCa (Beyond climate, Soil C sequestration to sustain family farming in the Tropic) project., and CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Smallholders, Annual crop, 01 natural sciences, Crop, Young oil palm, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Economic indicator, Southern Benin, Selection (genetic algorithm), 2. Zero hunger, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Agroforestry, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Focus group, Socio-economics, Geography, Intercropping, Agriculture, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Diversity (business)
Abstract: International audience; In southern Benin, oil palm is mainly cultivated by smallholders who associate it with successive crops over the three first years when the trees are immature. There is little information available on the diversity of the practices used in these young plantations and their socio-economic background, although this information is essential for proposing opportunities to improve the performance and sustainability of these systems. This study used focus groups and a survey of 54 farms to test how the selection of practices was linked with the farmer’s objectives. A conditional inference tree was used to compare the selection of the practices against socio-economic characteristics of the farmer. We identified the crops that were the most frequently associated with young oil palm trees across the region and found that the higher the fertilizer application on the associated crop the lower the application on the trees. The practices varied markedly in terms of economic indicators, reasons for selection, socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and the location of the farms. We showed that financial resources, especially for hiring external labor, household size and inclusion in social networks were important factors to take into account when evaluating alternative practices for oil palm plantations in this area.
Published: 2020

19. Differentiated Neogene bauxitization of volcanic rocks (western Cameroon) : morpho-geological constraints on chemical erosion

Author: Mathieu Nouazi Momo, Paul Tematio, Anicet Beauvais, Martin Yemefack, Institut de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (IRGM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Earth Science (Dschang, Cameroun), Université de Dschang, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-DRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Service de Coopération et d'Action Culturelle au Cameroun (SCAC)’ de l’Ambassade de France (791779A)Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France (IRD)
Subjects: Goethite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Trachyte, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Weathering, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, chemical erosion, Lateritic weathering, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Volcanic rocks, Kaolinite, geochemical mass balance, Cameroon, Parent rock, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Basalt, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lateritic weathering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, bauxite, Geochemical mass balance, Volcanic rock, Bauxite, Chemical erosion, visual_art, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, volcanic rocks, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Lateritic weathering of Miocene volcanic rocks from western Cameroon highlands formed duricrusted bauxitic profiles. Two weathering profiles on ca. 14 Ma basalt and ca. 16 Ma trachyte were studied using geochemical mass balance functions. Less mobile elements Ti and Zr were used as references to quantify volumetric change (strain, ε), element transfer rate (τ) and geochemical mass transfers during the bauxitization process of basalt and trachyte. Conversion of parent rocks to kaolinite and goethite rich saprolites evolved to Al-Fe rich bauxites, mostly composed of gibbsite and iron oxy-hydroxides (goethite and hematite). However, formation of Al-Fe bauxitic profiles required higher Si leaching on trachyte than on basalt. Our results document that chemical weathering of a larger thickness of trachyte than basalt has been required to form a unit meter of weathering profile, implying differential rates of rock chemical erosion and topographic decay of landscapes. Rates of chemical erosion and formation of lateritic weathering profiles in western Cameroon have been mostly controlled by drainage conditions and volcanic rocks composition (mostly SiO2 content differences), that also resulted in contrasted landscapes evolution during the Neogene.
Published: 2020

20. Farmers’ Perceptions as a Driver of Agricultural Practices: Understanding Soil Fertility Management Practices in Cocoa Agroforestry Systems in Cameroon

Author: Syndhia Mathé, Wouter Vanhove, Ken E. Giller, Maja Slingerland, Precillia I. Tata Ngome, Lotte S. Woittiez, Cees Leeuwis, Urcil P. Kenfack Essougong, Philippe Boudes, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-DRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Knowledge, Technology and Innovation group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soil fertility management practices, Sociology and Political Science, Tree planting, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Post-harvest, Enquête sur exploitations agricoles, WASS, 01 natural sciences, Soil management, Cocoa, Perceptions, Cameroon, 2. Zero hunger, F07 - Façons culturales, Engrais organique, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Ecology, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, Participation des agriculteurs, Tillage, Geography, Plant Production Systems, Technologie and Innovatie, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Kennis, Yield (finance), Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Smallholder farmers, Fertilisation, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), pratique agricole, systèmes agroforestiers, Fertilité du sol, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, Post-harvest Perceptions, E50 - Sociologie rurale, Theobroma cacao, business.industry, Sowing, 15. Life on land, Manure, Pest and disease management, Gestion du sol, approches participatives, Agriculture, Anthropology, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil fertility, business, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie, 010606 plant biology & botany, F04 - Fertilisation
Abstract: In Africa, cocoa yields are low, partly due to soil fertility constraints and poor management. While peoples’ knowledge, aspirations, and abilities are key factors explaining their behaviour, little is known about the rationales that underpin soil fertility management practices (SFMPs) of cocoa farmers. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory survey in two contrasting regions in Cameroon where cocoa is an important crop: the humid forest and the forest-savannah transition zone. Some 30% of farmers in the transition zone as opposed to 13% in the humid forest expressed concerns about soil fertility. The most relevant soil fertility indicators for farmers were high cocoa yield, dark soil colour, ease of tillage, and floral composition. To enhance and maintain soil fertility, farmers used residues from weeding (100%), planting of trees (42%), mineral fertilisers (33%), compost (16%), and manure (13%). More farmers in the transition zone than the humid forest implemented SFMPs. Our findings suggest that soil fertility perceptions, access to inputs, local practices, and experience influence farmers’ use of SFMPs. The limited use of mineral fertilisers was explained by poor access whereas the use of organic fertilisers and tree planting were mostly constrained by lack of labour and knowledge. Farmers prioritised practices to increase yield and viewed SFMPs to be the least important management practices, although they believe high cocoa yield is an important indicator of soil fertility. To foster sustainable cocoa intensification, it is necessary to enhance farmers’ knowledge on SFMPs, increase access to inputs, and ensure returns on investment while considering farmers’ priorities and practices.
Published: 2020

21. Déterminants des aptitudes à l’éco-innovation des pisciculteurs

Author: Hélène Rey-Valette, Pascal Fontaine, Eduardo Chia, Syndhia Mathé, Joël Aubin, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Lorraine (UL), IITA, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, fish-farming, 050402 sociology, eco-Innovation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Strategy and Management, agroécologie, aptitude à innover, Typologie, intensification écologique, Ecological intensification, ecological intensification, 0504 sociology, Political science, 0502 economics and business, Eco-innovation, Pisciculture, Business and International Management, Innovation, Intensification, 2. Zero hunger, Enquête, Méthode statistique, 05 social sciences, Étude de cas, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, abilities to innovate, apprentissage, social learning, aquaculture, Exploitation piscicole, M12 - Production de l'aquaculture, Humanities, 050203 business & management
Abstract: This article discusses the factors that determine the aptitude of fish farmers to innovate when faced with the new challenges of ecological intensification. Such intensification implies significant changes in practices together with new knowledge requirements, particularly in agro-ecology. Fish farmers have to evolve towards an eco-aquaculturist profile. Surveys of 133 French and Brazilian fish farmers provide a typology of their aptitude to eco-innovate enabling three profiles to be identified.; Cet article étudie les déterminants des aptitudes à innover des pisciculteurs face aux nouveaux enjeux de l’intensification écologique. Celle-ci implique des transformations importantes des pratiques de la part des pisciculteurs et nécessite de nouvelles connaissances, notamment en agro-écologie. Le métier des pisciculteurs devrait évoluer vers un métier d’éco-aquaculteur. À partir d’enquêtes auprès de 133 pisciculteurs français et brésiliens, une typologie a été élaborée concernant leurs aptitudes à éco-innover, qui permet d’identifier trois profils.
Published: 2017

22. Lateritic weathering of trachyte, and bauxite formation in West Cameroon : Morphological and geochemical evolution

Author: Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Mathieu Nouazi Momo, Paul Tematio, Martin Yemefack, Bernard Palmer Kfuban Yerima, Anicet Beauvais, Rose Yongue-Fouateu, Université de Dschang, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Earth Science (Dschang, Cameroun), University of Dschang, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agriculural Research, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-DRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Service de Cooperation et d'Action Culturelle du Cameroun (SCAC) from the French Embassy 815364G)Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France (IRD), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Trachyte, Weathering, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lateritic weathering, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Kaolinite, Cameroon, Gibbsite, Rare earth elements, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 15. Life on land, Saprolite, Volcanic rock, Bauxite, Leaching (pedology), engineering, Economic Geology, Neogene, Geology
Abstract: Bauxites and Fe laterites were formed on Neogene volcanics from Fongo-Tongo region in the highlands of western Cameroon, and are distributed on plateaus, slopes and downslope surfaces. Bauxitic profiles result from intense in-situ weathering of trachytes that implied depletion of silica and labile elements from the saprolite, while alumina relatively accumulated from parent minerals pseudomorphosis by primary gibbsite formation. During ongoing lateritization and bauxite maturation, important leaching and illuviation processes resulted in secondary gibbsite crystallizations. Late incision and dissection of upper bauxitic plateau resulted in degradation and dismantling of bauxitic duricrusts with Fe-depletion and increasing silica. Compared to trachyte, bauxitic duricrusts are relatively enriched in Nb, Zr, Ga, Ni, Cu, Co, V, Cr, As, Pb, Th, Hf, U and Ta, while Y, Sr, Rb, Ba and Zn are depleted. Trace elements contents depend on relative proportions of gibbsite, kaolinite, iron oxides and anatase and their affinity with these minerals across the weathering sequence. The overall REE composition and C1-Chondrite normalized REE patterns highlight significant fractionations with enrichment in the upslope profile and labile behavior in other profiles of the sequence. REE behavior and Eu/Ce anomalies are controlled by intensity of weathering and lateritic processes during the evolution of profiles. Our results document two major bauxitic phases in the Fongo-Tongo area, i.e., mid-Miocene primary in situ bauxitic weathering of trachyte and late Miocene secondary bauxitization of previously formed bauxitic profiles that led to alumina enrichment up to 53.50 wt%. Combined together, the morphological distribution and geochemical composition of the studied bauxitic profiles constitute guides for bauxite exploration, and more generally document the dynamics and morphogenetic evolution of lateritic landforms in West Cameroon.
Published: 2019

23. Farmer adoption of plot- and farm-level natural resource management practices: Between rhetoric and reality

Author: F. Place, Karl Hughes, James Stevenson, Lakshmi Krishnan, Paul L. G. Vlek, Karen Macours, David J. Spielman, Nancy Brown Johnson, Bernard Vanlauwe, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Food Policy Research Institute [Washington] (IFPRI), and World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Ecology, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Natural resource economics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, agriculture increases yields, Developing country, Face (sociological concept), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 03 medical and health sciences, Agriculture, 0502 economics and business, Rhetoric, Sustainability, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Plot (narrative), Business, Natural resource management, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Empirical evidence, Safety Research, Food Science, media_common
Abstract: International audience; There is a significant gap between the rhetoric of claims about adoption of farm-level natural resource management practices and the reality. New empirical evidence of low adoption from several developing countries suggests that on-farm natural resource management practices face significant constraints to adoption, and that they deliver heterogeneous private and public benefits. Five recommendations are given to the research community related to: targeting; scaling-up; the proper role of research; trajectories of diffusion; and measurement of environmental impacts.
Published: 2019

24. Volatiles from Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) host plants influence olfactory responses of the parasitoid Therophilus javanus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae)

Author: Aboubakar Souna, Djibril, Bokonon-Ganta, Aimé Hippolyte, Dannon, Elie Ayitondji, Imorou, Nazyhatou, Agui, Benjamin, Cusumano, Antonino, Srinivasan, Ramasamy, Pittendrigh, Barry Robert, Volkoff, Anne-Nathalie, Tamò, Manuele, Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi, World Vegetable Center, Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas [Fayetteville], Cooperation and Cultural Action Service (SCAC) of the French Embassy in Cotonou [N 898392E ], CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (GLDC), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) [OPP1082463], Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
Subjects: parasitoïde, fungi, food and beverages, biological control, herbivore, legume, légumineuse, biodiversité, bioessai, cowpea, host plants, Maruca vitrata, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, parasitoid, odeur, natural enemy, olfaction, attraction
Abstract: Plants damaged by herbivores are known to release odors attracting parasitoids. However, there is currently no information how leguminous plants damaged by the pod borer Maruca vitrata attract the exotic larval parasitoid Therophilus javanus, which was imported into Benin from the putative area of origin of the pod borer in tropical Asia for assessing its potential as a biological control agent. In this study, we used Y-tube olfactometer bioassays to investigate T. javanus response towards odors emitted by four M. vitrata-damaged host plants: cowpea Vigna unguiculata, the most important cultivated host, and the naturally occurring legumes Lonchocarpus sericeus, Sesbania rostrata and Tephrosia platycarpa. Olfactory attraction of T. javanus was influenced by the species of plant damaged by the pod borer. Moreover, odors released from M. vitrata-infested host plant organs (flowers and pods) were discriminated over non-infested organs in cowpea and T. platycarpa, respectively. These results are discussed in the context of the possible impact of M. vitrata host plants on T. javanus foraging activity and subsequent establishment in natural environments following experimental releases.
Published: 2019

25. Long-term mineral fertiliser use and maize residue incorporation do not compensate for carbon and nutrient losses from a Ferralsol under continuous maize–cotton cropping

Author: Jean Mianikpo Sogbedji, Hervé Guibert, Kokou Kintché, Pablo Tittonell, Bassirou Bonfoh, Jean Lévêque, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture ( IITA ), Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane Humide, Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique, Systèmes de cultures annuelles ( SCA ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), ESA, Université de Lomé, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Farming System Ecology, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Financing from the Service de Coopération des Affaires Culturels of the French Embassy at Togo., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-DRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Université de Lomé [Togo], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Résidu de récolte, Crop residue, Rotation culturale, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Soil fertility management, 01 natural sciences, Soil management, Crop rotation, F01 - Culture des plantes, Soil pH, 2. Zero hunger, Sub-Saharan Africa, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, Tillage, Rendement des cultures, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Carbone, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Zea mays, Fertilisation, Matière organique du sol, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Fertilité du sol, Propriété physicochimique du sol, Gossypium, P35 - Fertilité du sol, Sowing, Farm Systems Ecology Group, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Engrais minéral, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil fertility, Agronomy and Crop Science, F04 - Fertilisation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 9 pages; International audience; It has been repeatedly argued that mineral fertiliser application combined with in situ retention of crop residue biomass can sustain long-term productivity of West African soils. Using 20-year experimental data from southern Togo, a biannual rainfall area, we analysed the effect of two rates of mineral NPK fertiliser application to maize–cotton rotation on the long-term dynamics of soil C and nutrient contents, as compared with two control treatments. Mineral fertiliser treatments consisted of application to both maize (first season) and cotton (second season) the research-recommended NPK rates (Fertiliser-RR) and 1.5 times these rates (Fertiliser-1.5 RR). Control treatments consisted of cropping maize and cotton without fertiliser use (No-Fertiliser) and of double annual soil tillage (as done for planted treatments) without planting a crop (Tillage-NoCrop). Maize residue biomass was every year returned to the soil of crops planted treatments, whereas cotton stems were uprooted, piled and burnt on the experimental plots as done locally for phyto-sanitary reasons. Treatment effects were analysed through a long-term change in crop productivity, in soil C and nutrient contents. Our results indicate that productivity of maize and notably of cotton cannot be sustained in this Ferralsol without nutrient inputs. On average, maize yields without fertilisers decreased from 2 t ha−1 after woodland clearing to 0.5 t ha−1 after 10 years of cultivation, while cotton yields decreased from 1.5 to 0.5 t ha−1 only after 5 years. In spite of the need of mineral fertiliser use to sustain productivity of this soil, there was little justification to increase inputs of mineral fertiliser over the research recommended rate. Over 20-year experiment, both maize and cotton while received N, P and K inputs at the research-recommended rates produced virtually the same yields as when these rates were increased by 50%. Although C inputs to soil under RR and 1.5 RR were greater than in the No-Fertiliser control (nil for Tillage-NoCrop), and the N input was more favourable for 1.5RR, the rates in which contents of soil C and N decreased over time did not differ substantially between treatments. Soil available P decreased for all treatments, while exchangeable K concentration increased under RR and 1.5 RR and decreased in unfertilised treatments (No-Fertiliser and Tillage-NoCrop). In fertilised plots and in tillage no-planted plots, soil pH decreased more than in No-Fertiliser plots. A decline of soil pH was associated with a decline of exchangeable Ca and Mg, which were on average 20 and 40% higher in fertilised plots than in No-Fertiliser plots. We conclude that soil C and N decline in this Ferralsol was more determined by a change in soil conditions due to woodland clearance and continuous tillage than by the quantities of C or N inputs added annually.
Published: 2015

26. Role of Modelling in International Crop Research: Overview and Some Case Studies

Author: Balwinder-Singh, Jessica Rutkoski, Jawoo Koo, Urs Schulthess, José Crossa, Martin J. Kropff, Kai Sonder, Gideon Kruseman, Anabel Molero Milan, Matthew P. Reynolds, Vincent Vadez, Henri E. Z. Tonnang, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Food Policy Research Institute [Washington] (IFPRI), Henan Agricultural University, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Decision support system, agri-food-systems, data sharing, Big data, foresight, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, crop management, 01 natural sciences, Environmental data, lcsh:Agriculture, CGIAR, big data, international agricultural research, Environmental planning, 2. Zero hunger, global phenotyping networks, Food security, business.industry, Crop yield, lcsh:S, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, food security, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Food systems, Crop simulation model, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, crop modelling, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Crop modelling has the potential to contribute to global food and nutrition security. This paper briefly examines the history of crop modelling by international crop research centres of the CGIAR (formerly Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research but now known simply as CGIAR), whose primary focus is on less developed countries. Basic principles of crop modelling building up to a Genotype × Environment × Management × Socioeconomic (G × E × M × S) paradigm, are explained. Modelling has contributed to better understanding of crop performance and yield gaps, better prediction of pest and insect outbreaks, and improving the efficiency of crop management including irrigation systems and optimization of planting dates. New developments include, for example, use of remote sensed data and mobile phone technology linked to crop management decision support models, data sharing in the new era of big data, and the use of genomic selection and crop simulation models linked to environmental data to help make crop breeding decisions. Socio-economic applications include foresight analysis of agricultural systems under global change scenarios, and the consequences of potential food system shocks are also described. These approaches are discussed in this paper which also calls for closer collaboration among disciplines in order to better serve the crop research and development communities by providing model based recommendations ranging from policy development at the level of governmental agencies to direct crop management support for resource poor farmers.
Published: 2018

27. An Insight in the Reproductive Biology of Therophilus javanus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, and Agathidinae), a Potential Biological Control Agent against the Legume Pod Borer (Lepidoptera, Crambidae)

Author: Barry R. Pittendrigh, Manuele Tamò, Djibril Aboubakar Souna, Antonino Cusumano, Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta, Anne-Nathalie Volkoff, Marc Ravallec, Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques (FSA), University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Aboubakar Souna D., Bokonon-Ganta A., Ravallec M., Cusumano A., Pittendrigh B.R., Volkoff A.-N., Tamo M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Article Subject, Biological pest control, Parasitism, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, follicle, Parasitoid, Lepidoptera genitalia, Crambidae, Maruca vitrata, lcsh:Zoology, lcsh:QL1-991, Laboratory of Entomology, Caterpillar, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, fungi, biology.organism_classification, Laboratorium voor Entomologie, ovariole, 010602 entomology, vitellarium, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, Agronomy, Insect Science, caterpillar, oogenesi, EPS, 017-4066, Braconidae, Research Article
Abstract: Therophilus javanus is a koinobiont, solitary larval endoparasitoid currently being considered as a biological control agent against the pod borer Maruca vitrata, a devastating cowpea pest causing 20–80% crop losses in West Africa. We investigated ovary morphology and anatomy, oogenesis, potential fecundity, and egg load in T. javanus, as well as the effect of factors such as age of the female and parasitoid/host size at oviposition on egg load. The number of ovarioles was found to be variable and significantly influenced by the age/size of the M. vitrata caterpillar when parasitized. Egg load also was strongly influenced by both the instar of M. vitrata caterpillar at the moment of parasitism and wasp age. The practical implications of these findings for improving mass rearing of the parasitoid toward successful biological control of M. vitrata are discussed.
Published: 2017

28. Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), with the description of five new species from the Afrotropics

Author: Rose Ndemah, Gael J. Kergoat, Bruno Le Ru, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, George Ong’amo, Gilson Chipabika, Mohamedi Njaku, Grégoire Bani, Richard Molo, Onésime Mubenga, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Évolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 247, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Biocontrol Programme, Faculté des Sciences agronomiques, Université du Burundi, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-DRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Centre de recherches agronomiques de Loudima (CRAL), Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (NAARI), Sch. Biol. Sci. Coll. Phys. & Biol. Sci., University of Nairobi, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), UMR Lab Evolut. Genomes Speciat., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Sud (Paris 11), and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Systematics, Species complex, Acrapex, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010607 zoology, Sesamiina, Apameini, 01 natural sciences, Afrotropical Region, Genus, Botany, Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Chrysopogon, biology, biology.organism_classification, Noctuinae, 010602 entomology, QL1-991, QK1-989, Noctuidae, Taxonomy (biology), Zoology
Abstract: Ten morphologically similar species of Acrapex Hampson, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini) from Central and Eastern Africa are reviewed, including five new species: Acrapex kafula le Ru sp. nov., A. kavumba le Ru sp. nov., A. kiakouama le Ru sp. nov., A. miscantha le Ru sp. nov. and A. simillima le Ru sp. nov. Evidence is provided to transfer the monotypic genus Poecopa Bowden, 1956 to the genus Acrapex . Host plants of five species are recorded, some of them for the first time. Acrapex kavumba sp. nov., A. miscantha sp. nov. and A. simillima sp. nov. were found on one host plant each. Acrapex mediopuncta , previously reported in West Africa from Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. , Rottboellia compressa L., Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur. & Schinz. and Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf, was only found from S. megaphylla in Central Africa. Larvae of Acrapex unicolora were collected on Andropogon gayanus Kunth, Chrysopogon zizanoides (L.) Roberty, Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Maire & Weller, Cymbopogon pospischiilii (K.Schum.) C.E.Hubb. , Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf and Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Moss. We also conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses (using maximum likelihood) and molecular species delimitation analyses on a comprehensive sample of 61 specimens belonging to eight of the studied species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses provided additional evidence of the synonymy of Acrapex and Poecopa , whereas molecular species delimitation analyses support the validity of the five newly described species and unravel another potential new species, only collected in the larval stage.
Published: 2017

29. Molecular phylogenetics and definition of the Acrapex minima Janse group (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Apameini, Sesamiina) with the description of four new species from the Afrotropics

Author: Gael J. Kergoat, Richard Molo, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Muluken Goftishu, Rose Ndemah, Bruno Le Ru, Boaz K. Musyoka, George Ong’amo, D. E. Conlong, Yoseph Assefa, Gilson Chipabika, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), College of Health and Medical Sciences [Harar, Ethiopie], Haramaya University (HU), University of Swaziland, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (NAARI), Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Partenaires INRAE, Univ Kwazulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, South African Sugarcane Res Inst, Crop Biol Resource Ctr, ZA-4300 Mt Edgecombe, South Africa, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Systematics, Species complex, Acrapex, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Hyparrhenia hirta, Lepidoptera genitalia, molecular phylogenetics, 03 medical and health sciences, taxonomy, Botany, systematics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, biology.organism_classification, Noctuinae, 030104 developmental biology, Insect Science, host plants, Molecular phylogenetics, Noctuidae, Taxonomy (biology)
Abstract: International audience; Five morphologically similar species of Acrapex Hampson (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), from sub-Saharan Africa are reviewed, including four new species that are described: Acrapex mondogeneta Le Ru n. sp., A. mubale Le Ru n. sp., A. robe Le Ru n. sp. and A. rubona Le Ru n. sp. These five species belong to a species complex that we hereby define as the Acrapex minima group. Host plants of three species are recorded; Acrapex minima is recorded for the first time on a host plant, Digitaria natalensis Stent; A. mondogeneta on Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf and A. rubona on Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. We also conducted molecular phylogenetics (using both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) and molecular species delimitation analyses (Poisson tree processes) on a six gene multi-marker dataset (four mitochondrial and two nuclear gene fragments; 4582 nucleotides in length) of 42 specimens and 22 species, including 23 specimens from the Acrapex minima group. The results of the corresponding analyses support the monophyly of the group and the species status of the newly described taxa.
Published: 2017

30. An insight in the reproductive biology of Therophilus javanus, a potential biological control agent against the legume pod borer

Author: Aboubakar Souna, Djibril, Bokonon-Ganta, Aimé, Ravallec, Marc, Cusumano, Antonino, Pittendrigh, Barry Robert, Volkoff, Anne-Nathalie, Tamo, Manuele, Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi, Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas [Fayetteville], Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)
Subjects: insecte foreur, legume, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, légumineuse, biodiversité
Published: 2017

31. Diversity of Pathways to Organic Agriculture in Developing Countries: The Case of Cameroon

Author: bayiha, gerard, MATHE, Syndhia, Temple, Ludovic, Université de Yaoundé II, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Bayiha, Gérard De La Paix, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes (CNEARC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: Innovation is central to the adaptation of agriculture to development issues. The issue ofagricultural models especially biological able to feed a Cameroonian population in the comingyears remains crucial. From semi-structured interviews, a literature review of gray andscientific literature on organic agriculture in developing countries, and results from twoworkshops to discuss the definition of organic farming, we analyzed three paths to organicfarming. These trajectories are based on the existence of three types of organic farming(certified, "natural", "hybrid") in Cameroon. Our results show three co-evolving trajectorieshighlighting a pluralism of organic farming not locked in the simple dualism of problemsidentified in the literature., L'innovation est un élément central de l'adaptation de l'agriculture aux questions dedéveloppement. La question des modèles agricoles en particulier ceux biologiques à même denourrir une population Camerounaise dans les années à venir reste cruciale. A partird’entretiens semi-directifs, d’une revue bibliographique des littératures grises et scientifiquessur l’Agriculture Biologique dans les Pays en développement, et des résultats issusde deuxateliers de réflexion sur la définition de l’agriculture biologique, nous avons analysé troistrajectoires vers l’agriculture biologique. Ces trajectoires sont basées sur l’existence de troistypes d’agriculture biologique (certifiée, « naturelle », « hybride ») au Cameroun. Nosrésultats montrent trois trajectoires co-évoluant mettant en lumière un pluralisme desagricultures biologiques non enfermé dans la simple problématique de dualisme identifié dansla littérature.
Published: 2016

32. Agricultural innovation platform dynamics: a conceptual framework to analyze demand-driven research

Author: Mathé, Syndhia, Idrissou, Latifou, Hervé , Bisseleua, Degrande, Ann, Bidogeza, Jean-Claude, Suh, Christopher, Rey-Valette, Hélène, Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Institut de recherche agricole pour le développement (IRAD), Institut de recherche agricole pour le développement, and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: International audience; Innovation platforms (IPs) appear to be one of the most appropriate tools to operationalize research for development. Increasingly, agricultural research initiatives for development set up innovation platforms to facilitate the management and support of innovation processes. Yet, the mechanisms by which they operate are not well understood. This paper seeks to open the "black-box" and proposes a framework to analyze processes that occur in innovation platforms from inception to maturity. Firstly, we use a New Institutional Economics (NIE) based analytical framework for the M&E of IP performance. Secondly, from a review of the literature, we identify three ways through which research could be done within IPs: 1) soft transfer, when research has readily available results that could help solve jointly identified problems; 2) co-creation, when researchers and IP members develop research objectives and protocols together; and 3) community-based research, when IP members set up experiments on their own. We propose that both frameworks should be used to improve the monitoring of IP dynamics.
Published: 2016

33. Etat des Ressources en Sols dans le Monde (Résumé technique)

Author: Intergovernmental Technical Panel of Soils (ITPS), ., Montanarella, Luca, Pennock, Dan, McKenzie, Neil, AlaviPanah, Sayed Kazem, Alegre, Julio, AlShankiti, Abdullah, Arrouays, Dominique, Singh Aulakh, Milkha, Badraoui, Mohamed, Dos Santos Baptista Costa, Isaurinda, Black, Helaina, Camps Arbestain, Marta, Chude, Victor, El-Sheikh, Elsiddig Ahmed El Mustafa, Espinosa-Victoria, David, Hempel, Jon, Henriquez, Carlos Roberto, Young Hong, Suk, Krasilnikov, Pavel, Mamo, Tekalign, Mendonça-Santos, Maria de Lourdes, Sobocka, Jaroslava, Taboada, Miguel, Vijarnsorn, Pisoot, Yagi, Kazuyuki, Yemefack, Martin, Zhang, Gan-Lin, DG JRC, European Commission, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tehran, Departemento de Suelos, National Agrarian University, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc (INRA), Instituto Nacional de Invesgaçao e Desenvolvimento Agrario (INIDA), Ecological Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, National Programme for Food Security, Department of Soil & Environment Sciences, University of Khartoum, Colegio de Postgraduados, NRCS National Soil Survey Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas (CIAS), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Eurasian Center for Foof Security, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Ministry of Agriculture, The National Centre of Soil Research, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Chaipattana Foundation, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, InfoSol (InfoSol), Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-DRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD)
Subjects: changement climatique, agricultural soil, modélisation des sols, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], monde, érosion du sol, biodiversité, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], soil sciences, sciences du sol, GlobalSoilMap, sécurité alimentaire, global change, sol agricole
Abstract: Etat des Ressources en Sols dans le Monde (Résumé technique)
Published: 2016

34. Electronic support tools for identification and management of rice weeds in Africa for better-informed agricultural change agents

Author: Derek Makokha, Friday Ekeleme, Pierre Grard, Tomas Chiconela, Pascal Marnotte, Alain Carara, Soungalo Sarra, Ruth Kabanyoro, Thomas Le Bourgeois, Jonne Rodenburg, Runyambo Irakiza, Israel Dzomeku, Itambo Malombe, Alain Paul Andrianaivo, Mariame Mariko, Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), National Agricultural Research Organisation, University of Development Studies, Eduardo Mondlane University, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Programme ECOFIL de l'Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali, Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali (IER), Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali-Institut d'Economie Rurale du Mali, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Systèmes de culture et rizicultures durables (URP SCRID), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université d'Antananarivo-Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)-FOFIFA-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Systèmes de Cultures Annuelles (UPR 102 SCA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Africa Rice Center [Côte d'Ivoire] (AfricaRice), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université d'Antananarivo-Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Africa Rice Center [Côte d'Ivoire] (AfricaRice), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), and Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, sub-Saharan Africa, Identification, Computer science, Vulgarisation agricole, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, lowland, H60 - Mauvaises herbes et désherbage, 01 natural sciences, 2. Zero hunger, extension, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Weed control, Identification (information), C30 - Documentation et information, Système d'information, Cellular network, The Internet, système d'aide à la décision, Efficacité d'utilisation, S1, Oryza sativa, Qualitative property, lcsh:Plant culture, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, lcsh:SB1-1110, Operations management, C20 - Vulgarisation, lcsh:Agriculture (General), Internet, business.industry, rice, Taxonomie, Environmental economics, lcsh:S1-972, Information and Communications Technology, Agriculture, ICT, Évaluation, network, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Weed, Agronomy and Crop Science, Mauvaise herbe, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; We developed an interactive electronic weed identification tool, AFROweeds, and an online network, Weedsbook, for agricultural change agents to aid communication and offer assistance to rice farmers with specific weed problems. We collected quantitative and qualitative data to assess effectiveness and usefulness of these products with potential users. With the online version of AFROweeds, used on an electronic tablet, average weed identification time in the field was 7 min 6 s with 44% successful identifications. Poor mobile network coverage and slow internet were the main reasons for the relative long identification time and low success rate. A second trial was done with the offline version, pre-installed on a tablet. The average identification time was 6 min 34 s, with a success rate of 75%. The online network Weedsbook, established alongside AFROweeds, was assessed by the test users as a useful additional aid, enabling agricultural change agents and agronomists to exchange information or request assistance on all aspects of weeds and weed management. The potential improvements of both products are discussed.
Published: 2016

35. World's soils are under threat

Author: Dan Pennock, Suk Young Hong, Gan-Lin Zhang, F.O. Nachtergaele, Martin Yemefack, Isaurinda Baptista, Abdullah Alshankiti, Victor Chude, Pavel Krasilnikov, Luca Montanarella, David Espinosa-Victoria, Helaina Black, Dominique Arrouays, Jon Hempel, Marta Camps Arbestain, Sayed Kazem Alavipanah, Mohamed Badraoui, Ronald Vargas, Elsiddig A.E. Elsheikh, Maria de Lourdes Mendonça-Santos, Kazuyuki Yagi, Miguel Angel Taboada, Julio Alegre, Neil McKenzie, Tekalign Mamo, Mikha Singh Aulakh, Carlos Henríquez, Pisoot Vijarnsorn, Jaroslava Sobocka, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Maroc] (INRA Maroc), National Programme for Food Security, Instituto Nacional de Invesgaçao e Desenvolvimento Agrario (INIDA), Ministry of Agriculture, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), National Academy of Agricultural Science, Chaipattana Foundation, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecological Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Eurasian Center for Foof Security, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Departemento de Suelos, National Agrarian University, Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas (CIAS), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, The National Centre of Soil Research, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Instituto de Suelos, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tehran, Department of Soil & Environment Sciences, University of Khartoum, NRCS National Soil Survey Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, European Commission, CSIRO, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Maroc (INRA), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), Eurasian Center for Food Security, Departamento de Suelos, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, Colegio de Postgraduados, USDA-NRCS ational Soil Survey Center, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-DRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo (UACh), FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa [Addis Ababa, Ethiopie] (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), LUCA MONTANARELLA, European Commission, DANIEL JON PENNOCK, University of Saskatchewan, NEIL MCKENZIE, CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, MOHAMED BADRAOUI, INRA, VICTOR CHUDE, National Programme for Food Security, ISAURINDA BAPTISTA, Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário, TEKALIGN MAMO, Ministry of Agriculture, Ethiopia, MARTIN YEMEFACK, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, MIKHA SINGH AULAKH, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, KAZUYUKI YAGI, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, SUK YOUNG HONG, National Academy of Agricultural Science, PISOOT VIJARNSORN, Chaipattana Foundation, Bangkok, GAN-LIN ZHANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOMINIQUE ARROUAYS, INRA, HELAINA BLACK, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, PAVEL KRASILNIKOV, Lomonosov Moscow State University, JAROSLAVA SOBOCKÁ, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava, JULIO ALEGRE, National Agrarian University, La Molina, Peru, CARLOS ROBERTO HENRIQUEZ, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, MARIA DE LOURDES M SANTOS BREFIN, CNPS, MIGUEL TABOADA, Instituto de Suelos and CONICET, CIRN, INTA, DAVID ESPINOSA-VICTORIA, Colegio de Postgraduados, Mexico City, ABDULLAH ALSHANKITI, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, SAYED KAZEM ALAVIPANAH, University of Tehran, Iran, ELSIDDIG AHMED EL MUSTAFA ELSHEIKH, University of Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan, JON HEMPEL, USDA-NRCS National Soil Survey Center, MARTA CAMPS ARBESTAIN, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey Agriculture, FREDDY NACHTERGAELE, FAO, and RONALD VARGAS, FAO.
Subjects: Soil biodiversity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 050601 international relations, sciences du sol, No-till farming, soil degradation, Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, Environmental protection, Soil retrogression and degradation, Soil governance, soil resources, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, 2. Zero hunger, Soil health, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 05 social sciences, Environmental engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, menace, 6. Clean water, 0506 political science, lcsh:Geology, soil sciences, Solo, soil threat, Water quality, GlobalSoilMap, Agricultural soil science, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1 [https], Soil erosion, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Soils, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Recurso do solo, Soil fertility, Agricultura, Silvicultura y Pesca, Ciencias del Suelo, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https]
Abstract: The Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils has completed the first State of the World’s Soil Resources Report. Globally soil erosion was identified as the gravest threat, leading to deteriorating water quality in developed regions and to lowering of crop yields in many developing regions. We need to increase nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use in infertile tropical and semi-tropical soils - the regions where the most food insecurity among us are found - while reducing global use of these products overall. Stores of soil organic carbon are critical in the global carbon balance, and national governments must set specific targets to stabilize or ideally increase soil organic carbon stores. Finally the quality of soil information available for policy formulation must be improved - the regional assessments in the State of the World’s Soil Resources Report frequently base their evaluations on studies from the 1990s based on observations made in the 1980s or earlier. Fil: Montanarella, Luca. European Commission Joint Research Centre; Fil: Pennock, Daniel Jon. University of Saskatchewan; Canadá Fil: McKenzie, Neil. Csiro Agriculture Flagship, Brisbane; Australia Fil: Badraoui, Mohamed. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Morocco; Fil: Chude, Victor. National Programme For Food Security; Nigeria Fil: Baptista, Isaurinda. Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário; Cabo Verde Fil: Mamo, Tekalign. Ministry of Agriculture; Etiopía Fil: Yemefack, Martin. International Institute Of Tropical Agriculture Yaounde; Fil: Aulakh, Mikha Singh. Banda University Of Agriculture And Technology; India Fil: Yagi, Kazuyuki. Institute For Agro-environmental Sciences, Naro; Fil: Hong, Suk Young. Rural Development Administration; Fil: Vijarnsorn, Pisoot. Chaipattana Foundation; Fil: Zhang, Gan-Lin. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China Fil: Arrouays, Dominique. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. InfoSol Unit; Francia Fil: Black, Helaina. The James Hutton Institute; Reino Unido Fil: Krasilnikov, Pavel. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Fil: Sobocká, Jaroslava. National Agricultural And Food Centre; Fil: Alegre, Julio. Fil: Henriquez, Carlos Roberto. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa Rica Fil: Mendonça-Santos, Maria de Lourdes. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Taboada, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Suelos; Argentina Fil: Espinosa-Victoria, David. Colegio de Postgraduados; México Fil: AlShankiti, Abdullah. International Center For Biosaline Agriculture; Fil: AlaviPanah, Sayed Kazem. University Of Tehran; Irán Fil: Mustafa Elsheikh, Elsiddig Ahmed El. Khartoum University; Sudán Fil: Hempel, Jon. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados Unidos Fil: Arbestain, Marta Camps. Institute Of Agriculture And Environment; Fil: Nachtergaele, Freddy. Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations; Fil: Vargas, Ronald. Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations
Published: 2015

36. A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Squalamine Ointment for tinea capitis Treatment

Author: Abdoulaye Djimde, Stéphane Ranque, Pierre Traoré, Abdoulaye K. Kone, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Renaud Piarroux, Jean Gaudart, Oumar Coulibaly, Goïta Siaka, Jean Michel Brunel, Mahamadou A. Thera, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Département d'épidémiologie des affections parasitaires (DEAP), Université de Bamako-Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)-Facultés de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Faculté de Médecine de Bamako, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Gaudart, Jean
Subjects: Male, [MATH.MATH-PR] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Antifungal Agents, Administration, Topical, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, law.invention, Ointments, chemistry.chemical_compound, [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Randomized controlled trial, law, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Clinical endpoint, Child, Tinea Capitis, [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [STAT.ME] Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Squalamine, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Veterinary (miscellaneous), [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], [MATH.MATH-DS] Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], Placebo, Microbiology, Double-Blind Method, medicine, Humans, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Adverse effect, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, business.industry, Arthrodermataceae, medicine.disease, Dermatology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Blood Cell Count, Clinical trial, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Regimen, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Tinea capitis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cholestanols, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; Background Novel treatments against for tinea capitis are needed, and the natural aminosterol squal-amine is a potential topical antidermatophyte drug candidate. Objectives This phase II randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed at testing the efficacy and safety of a three-week squalamine ointment regimen for the treatment of tinea capitis. Patients Males aged 6–15 years presenting with tinea capitis were treated with either topical squal-amine ointment or placebo for 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was complete clinical cure. The secondary endpoints were the occurrence of local and/or sys-temic adverse events, mycological cure, and partial clinical response. Prospective follow-up of clinical adverse events was performed daily. Results Five patients were treated with 1 % squal-amine ointment and 15 with placebo. No complete cure was observed. No clinical or biological adverse event was recorded. A significantly (p = 0.03) better hair-growth score, indicating a partial clinical improvement of the tinea capitis lesion, was observed in the patients treated with squalamine compared to those treated with placebo. Conclusion This three-week squalamine ointment regimen was well tolerated and showed an encouraging partial clinical activity for the treatment of tinea capitis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of topical squalamine alone against tinea corporis or in combination with a systemic antider-matophyte drug against tinea capitis.
Published: 2015

37. Characterization of the inline virus removal performances in hollow fibre modules by a new tracer electrochemically detected

Author: C. Cabassud, L. Soussan, S. Mathe, Sandrine Alfenore, Christelle Guigui, M. Alquier, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), ANR : projet PRECODD, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: virus removal, Materials science, Bar (music), defect detection, 0207 environmental engineering, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, virus surrogate, law.invention, Virus removal, MICROFILTRATION, law, MEMBRANE FILTRATION, TRACER, WATER, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, RETENTION, 020701 environmental engineering, Filtration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, MS2 bacteriophage, dynamics of removal, Laser, Amperometry, Characterization (materials science), Membrane, Chemical engineering, membrane integrity, BIOSYNTHETIC TRACER
Abstract: International audience; In a previous work, an innovative and patented method was presented, that is based on a new virus surrogate. This surrogate is an enzyme-labelled MS2 phage that is directly detectable and quantifiable by amperometry thanks to its induced enzymatic activity. In this work, this method was used to characterize the dynamics of virus removal in micromodules as a function of the membrane defect size and the transmembrane pressure (TMP). Experiments were performed at lab scale with an integer module and with modules made with the same fibres with calibrated holes (50, 100, 150 mu m) made in one of the module fibres with the laser method. Results showed first that the new method allowed diagnosing a 50 mu m hole on the fibre of a micromodule. It was also demonstrated that, whatever the applied TMP, removal performances are all the more better that the defect size is smaller. Moreover, whatever the hole size, a TMP step rise from 1 to 1.5 bar during tracer filtration led to no significant change in the observed removal but improved the intrinsic removal performances.
Published: 2013

38. Timely dermatophytes species identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Author: Ranque, Stephane, L'Ollivier, Coralie, Cassagne, Carole, Normand, Anne-Cécile, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Contet-Audonneau, Nelly, Fourquet, Patrick, Coulibaly, Oumar, Gari-Toussaint, Martine, Piarroux, Renaud, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de mycologie, hôpital Fournier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Laboratory of Mycology, Archet II Hospital, Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Univ Angers, Okina, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; The conventional identification of dermatophytes requires a long turnaround time and highly skilled mycologists. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) is a novel identification tool used for bacteria and yeast identification in the clinical laboratory. We have recently developed a standardized MS-based assay to routinely identify clinical moulds.This study aimed to determine whether the same assay could also identify clinical dermatophytes in the routine laboratory setting. After building a quality controlled reference MS library that included 45 well characterised strains of 14 dermatophytes species, the effects of cycloheximide in the culture medium and incubation time were tested.Then, 134 clinical dermatophyte isolates were prospectively identified using this reference spectra library. MS-based identification was adequate for 131 (97.8%) isolates. Two isolates (Microsporum canis and Microsporum audouinii) failed to be identified and one isolate of Microsporum canis was misidentified. Accurate MS-based identification was obtained in 3 days, which dramatically reduced identification turnaround time compared to the classical morphological identification that may take up to 2–3 weeks, in particular when complementary techniques requiring a subculture are performed. It operated similarly well with or without cycloheximide in the culture medium.In conclusion this standardized MALDI-TOF/MS-based identification procedure of filamentous fungi effectively identifies clinical dermatophyte isolates and drastically reduces the response times in the routine clinical laboratory.
Published: 2012

39. Identification des dermatophytes par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF

Author: Oumar Coulibaly, Nelly Contet-Audonneau, Renaud Piarroux, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Anne-Cécile Normand, Coralie L'Ollivier, Patrick Fourquet, Stéphane Ranque, Carole Cassagne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de mycologie, hôpital Fournier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 3. Good health, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Résumé publié dans : Journal de Mycologie Médicale / Journal of Medical Mycology, sept. 2012, 22(3): 284-285. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.07.036; National audience; IntroductionL’identification des dermatophytes par les méthodes microbiologiques conventionnelles est souvent longue et fastidieuse. La technique de spectrométrie de masse et sa variante MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation-Time of Flight) est un nouvel outil utilisé pour l’identification des bactéries et des levures dans les laboratoires d’analyses médicales. Nous avons récemment développé une méthode standardisée pour l’identification en routine des champignons filamenteux à partir de culture en milieu solide. L’objectif de cette étude est d’étendre cette méthode standardisée à l’identification des dermatophytes dans l’activité de routine du laboratoire.Matériel et méthodeUne banque de référence contenant les spectres de masse de 44souches parfaitement caractérisées correspondants à 13espèces de dermatophytes a été générée sur un UltraFlex (BruckerDaltonics, Allemagne) couplé au logiciel MaldiBiotyper v2.1. Par la suite, 133souches isolées de prélèvements cliniques ont été identifiées en comparant leur spectre à ceux inclus dans la banque de référence: l’identification d’espèce a été retenue si le Log Score (LS) obtenu était supérieur ou égal à 1,7. Enfin, l’identification par MALDI-TOF a été considérée comme correcte en cas de concordance avec l’identification morphologique ou moléculaire des isolats cliniques.RésultatsL’identification par spectrométrie de masse(SM) a été correcte pour 130 (97,8%) des isolats. Pour 2isolats identifiés conventionnellement comme Microsporum canis, l’identification par SM n’a pas pu générer de spectre avec un LS valide. Pour un isolat correspondant à Microsporum audouinii, la SM a généré une mauvaise identification. Tous les isolats ont pu être identifiés après seulement 3à 6jours de culture avant l’apparition des caractères morphologiques conventionnels d’identification.ConclusionLe protocole de SM utilisé pour l’identification des champignons filamenteux au laboratoire est applicable aux dermatophytes. Une identification d’espèce peut être obtenue en 3à 6jours alors qu’une identification conventionnelle qui nécessite notamment des milieux de cultures complémentaires demande 2à 3semaines.
Published: 2012

40. Characterization of the photosynthetic pathway of some tropical food yams (Dioscorea spp.) using leaf natural 13C abundance

Author: CORNET, Denis, Sierra, Jorge, Bonhomme, Raymond, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Unité de Recherche AgroPédoClimatique de la zone caraïbe (APC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Dioscorea, Zea, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, CULTIVAR DIFFERENCES, C3-C4, Variété, ABONDANCE NATURELLE 15N, Photosynthèse, Génotype
Abstract: Rectifier adresse CIRAD et IITA; International audience; A total of 23 genotypes belonging to seven tropical food yams and two wild relative species of different origin and coming from two sampling ecological zones (the Republic of Benin in Africa and Guadeloupe in the Caribbean) was analysed for their 13C content. The δ13C values for all yam samples (from −25.39 and −30.07 ‰) indicated that all species had a C3 photosynthetic type.
Published: 2007

41. Intérêts des légumineuses herbacées pour une production durable d'igname en Afrique de l'Ouest

Author: CORNET, Denis, Amadji, F., Dossou, R.A., Maliki, Raphiou, Vernier, P., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Pueraria phaseoloides, Aeschynomene histrix, Mucuna pruriens
Abstract: National audience; In West Africa, yam (D. cayenensis-D.rotundata) plays an important role in food security and income generation for many small farmers. Sub-Saharan Africa contributes for more than 95% to yam’s world production. However, in West Africa yam production, traditionally based on slash and burn practice, is jeopardised by a decrease in the availability of long duration fallow. Therefore, yam cultivation is changing from more exigent and also the more appreciated varieties (thus the most profitable) to the cultivation of less demanding but also less appreciated cultivars. In the face of such a challenge, researchers recognise the need to develop cropping systems that include herbaceous legumes. Despite being of low direct economic interest herbaceous legumes play a major role in the maintenance or the recovery of soil fertility and/or pests management (weeds, fungi, insects, nematodes). Some of these yam based systems are currently being assessed in West Africa: - use of Mucuna pruriens as improved fallow, - use of Aeschynomene histrix /Gliricidia sepium as improved fallow, followed by G. sepium (as living stakes) in yam cropping system, - use of Pueraria phaseoloides as a cover crop.; En Afrique de l’Ouest, qui assure à elle seule plus de 95% de la production mondiale, l'igname (D. cayenensis-D. rotundata) a un rôle important dans la sécurité alimentaire et les revenus des paysans. Cependant, dans beaucoup de régions, la production d'igname est confrontée à une réduction de la durée des jachères. Les variétés les plus exigeantes en terme de fertilité, traditionnellement cultivées sur jachères de longues durées (>20 ans), qui sont aussi les plus appréciées et les plus profitables, sont souvent abandonnées pour des variétés plus rustiques mais moins rentables. De plus, ces variétés se comportent mal avec les techniques classiques d’intensification, comme la fertilisation minérale. Devant ces nouveaux défis, une des solutions possibles est la mise au point de systèmes de culture associant des légumineuses herbacées. Ces plantes ne présentent souvent que peu d'intérêt économique direct, mais jouent un rôle majeur dans le maintien ou la restauration de la fertilité du sol et/ou la gestion de certains parasites (adventices, nématodes, …). La présente communication décrit et fait le point sur quelques uns de ces systèmes à base d’igname en cours d’évaluation en Afrique de l’Ouest : - l’utilisation de Mucuna pruriens comme jachère améliorée, - l’utilisation de l’association Aeschynomene histrix/Gliricidia sepium comme précédent cultural suivi de G. sepium comme tuteurage vivant de l'igname, - et l’utilisation de Pueraria phaseoloides dans un système de culture sur couverture végétale.
Published: 2005

42. Etude du fonctionnement physiologique d'un couvert de Dioscorea alata pour une utilisation plus rationnelle des engrais chimiques

Author: CORNET, Denis, Hammouya, David, BONHOMME, Raymond, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), UE 0805 Domaine expérimental Duclos-Godet, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Environnement et Agronomie (E.A.)-Génétique et amélioration des plantes (G.A.P.)-Domaine expérimental Duclos-Godet (DUCLOS-GODET), Unité de Recherche AgroPédoClimatique de la zone caraïbe (APC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences
Abstract: National audience; Yam is a very demanding plant in term of soil fertility. Nevertheless in spite of the very large acceptance of this affirmation, little information is available on the real nutriments requirements of yam and how to satisfy them. For instance, numerous mineral fertilization recommendations are provided and the recommended doses are more often important (mainly calculated on the quantity of nutrients exported by harvest). Although there seems to be an increase in yield to fertilizer application, the general picture is confusing. Bibliographic review of the fertilization experiments shows contrasted and more often statistically non-significant responses. Then, it is necessary to conclude that a lot of leachable elements are lost and/or misused by yams. In order to benefit more of the chemical fertilization and to reduce losses by leaching, it is important to better understand the growth and development of yam. In 2004, an experiment was carried out on the effects of mineral fertilization, on the growth and yield of the yam (Dioscorea alata). A "Monteith" type of growth analysis has been implemented : crop cycle, leaf area development, biomass production and distribution and final yield have been studied. Part of the results obtained is presented here under the mineral nutrition point of view.; L'Igname est une plante exigeante en terme de fertilité du sol. Mais malgré cette affirmation courante, peu d'information existe sur les réels besoins de l'igname et comment les satisfaire. Il existe, par exemple, de nombreuses recommandations de fumure minérale et les doses préconisées, basées principalement sur les exportations, sont souvent élevées. Pourtant, une revue bibliographique des essais de fertilisation montre une réponse très contrastée et souvent non significative de l'igname. On peut penser que les pertes en éléments lessivables sont importantes. Dans l'optique d'une gestion raisonnée de la fertilisation et d'une diminution des pertes par lessivage, il est important de mieux connaître le cycle de la plante et son développement. Des pistes d'explication sont dégagées. En 2004, un essai sur l'influence de la fertilisation azotée, sur la croissance et la formation du rendement de l'igname (Dioscorea alata) a été mis en place. Une analyse de la production de biomasse de type "Monteith" a été réalisée : la phénologie, le développement de la surface foliaire, la production et la répartition de la biomasse et le rendement ont été étudiés. Une partie des résultats obtenus est présentée ici sous l'angle de la nutrition minérale.
Published: 2005

43. Cannibalism and interspecific predation in a phytoseiid predator guild from cassava fields in Africa: evidence from the laboratory

Author: Gilberto J. de Moraes, Ignace Dossa Zannou, Rachid Hanna, S. Kreiter, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Écologie Animale et Zoologie Agricole (EAZA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nymph, Phytoseiidae, Malawi, Mite Infestations, Manihot, INTRAGUILD PREDATION, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, TYPHLODROMALUS ARIPO, Animals, Benin, Cannibalism, Pest Control, Biological, Predator, Plant Diseases, Mites, Ecology, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, General Medicine, Interspecific competition, biology.organism_classification, EUSEIUS FUSTIS, 010602 entomology, IPHISEIUS DEGENERANS, Animal ecology, Insect Science, Larva, Predatory Behavior, Guild, Female, MONONYCHELLUS TANAJOA, Intraguild predation, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Abstract: IITA-Benin, c/o L. W. Lambourn, 26 Dingwall Road, CR9 3EE Croydon, UK Email: r.hanna@cgiar.org Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; Interspecific predation and cannibalism are common types of interaction in phytoseiid predator guilds, but the extent and nature of these interactions have not been determined yet in phytoseiid guilds composed of African native and neotropical exotic phytoseiid predators found in cassava habitat in southern Africa. We determined in laboratory experiments the level of cannibalism and interspecific predation among the three phytoseiid mite species Euseius fustis, Iphiseius degenerans, and Typhlodromalus aripo in the absence of food and in the presence of limited or abundant quantities of two food types – Mononychellus tanajoa and maize pollen – commonly found on cassava in Africa. When confined without food, only two T. aripo females laid each two eggs within 5 days, and this species survived longer than I. degenerans and E. fustis. In the presence of con- or hetero-specific larvae or protonymphs, the three species fed more on the former than on the latter, and more on hetero-specifics than on con-specifics. Oviposition rates of the three species did not exceed 0.7 egg/female/day on con- and hetero-specific immatures. Typhlodromalus aripo and E. fustis survived longer on con-specific and hetero-specific larvae and on hetero-specific protonymphs than in the absence of any food, while T. aripo survived longer than the two other species on the same diets. Provision of limited quantity of food decreased interspecific predation rate by I. degenerans and T. aripo, but not by E. fustis, and increased oviposition rate and longevity of all three species. Provision of abundant food, however, eliminated cannibalism by all three species and further reduced interspecific predation rates, but their oviposition and longevity remained relatively unchanged compared with limited food provision. Potential consequences of cannibalism and interspecific predation among phytoseiid mites on cassava for the biological control of M. tanajoa are discussed
Published: 2005

44. Mites of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) habitats in Southern Africa

Author: Zannou, Ignace D., Hanna, Rachid, de Moraes, Gilberto J., Kreiter, Serge, Phiri, George, Jone, Abu, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Écologie Animale et Zoologie Agricole (EAZA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Makoka research station, Partenaires INRAE, and Ministry of Agriculture
Subjects: BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MALAWI, BIODIVERSITY, PREDATORS, TETRANYCHIDAE, ACARI, PHYTOSEIIDAE, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Abstract: E-mail Addresses: i.zannou@cgiar.org, r.hanna@cgiar.org, gjmoraes@carpa.ciagri.usp.br, kreiter@ensam.inra.fr, tisunga@malawi.net, sanidadevegetal@tropical.co.mz Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; This paper presents the first of a series of studies to evaluate the safety of a classical biological control programme of the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Mozambique and Malawi involving the introduction of Typhlodromalus aripo DeLeon, a predatory mite of the family Phytoseiidae. The objective of this study was to determine the mite fauna of cassava and other common plant species in or around cassava fields in those countries. Twenty-one phytoseiid species were recorded in Mozambique and 32 in Malawi. On cassava, the dominant phytoseiids were Euseius baetae (Meyer and Rodrigues), Euseius bwende (Pritchard and Baker) and Typhlodromalus saltus (Denmark and Muma) in Mozambique, and Euseius fustis (Pritchard and Baker), Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) and T. saltus in Malawi. On other plants, the dominant phytoseiids were E. baetae, Amblyseius sundi Pritchard and Baker and Paraphytoseius horrifer (Pritchard and Baker) in Mozambique, and L. degenerans, Euseius magucii (Meyer and Rodrigues) and Euseius orygmus (Ueckermann and Loots) in Malawi. Several of the most common plants associated with cassava were observed to harbour phytoseiid species that also were found on the latter. Those plants may be important as reservoirs of such predators when conditions are not suitable for them to live on cassava. This seemed to be particularly true for 6 phytoseiids in Mozambique (A. sundi, E. magucii, P. horrifer, Typhlodromalus spinosus (Meyer and Rodrigues), Typhlodromips shi (Pritchard and Baker) and Neoseiulus teke (Pritchard and Baker)), and 6 phytoseiids in Malawi (E. orygmus, Phytoseius amba Pritchard and Baker, T. shi, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) kikuyuensis Swirski and Ragusa, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) malawiensis Zannou, Moraes and Hanna and N. teke), that were found on cassava at the end of the rainy season, but only on other plants in the dry season. Mononychellus tanajoa was the dominant mite species on cassava in both countries in addition to the phytoseiids; few other species were found on that plant in either country. A larger diversity of mites in addition to phytoseiids was found on other plants, but always at low numbers. Phytoseiid diversity and abundance varied between savannah and forest zones. These variations are likely due to differences in biotic and abiotic factors between the two zones
Published: 2005

45. Amélioration de la production de l'igname à travers la fertilisation minérale en zone de savane de Côte d'Ivoire

Author: Soro, Dognimeton, Dao, Daouda, J. Carsky, Robert, Asiedu, Robert, Assa, Ayémou, Girardin, Olivier, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire [Abidjan] (CSRS-CI), Unité de formation - Sciences de la terre et des ressources minières (UFR STRM), Université de Cocody, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Unité de formation des sciences économiques et de gestion (UFR - SEG), Jean-Yves Jamin, L. Seiny Boukar, and Christian Floret
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics
Abstract: International audience; Avec 2,8 millions de tonnes produites par an, la Côte d'lvoire est le deuxième producteur mondial d'igname après le Nigeria. Cependant, les paysans sont encore à la recherche de terres "vierges" pour maximiser leurs rendements. L'étude de fertilisation minérale menée en savane de Côte d'lvoire se propose de déterminer la réponse des variétés locales d'igname aux fertilisants minéraux. Quatre variétés locales (Bètè bètè, Gnan, Krenglè et Wacrou) sont cultivées avec trois niveaux de fertilisant. Les doses de T1 (60 25 65 Kg/ha de NPK) et T2 (2 fois T1) sont à la base d'une augmentation de rendement et de la teneur en azote des feuilles. La forte dose réduit cependant la teneur en potassium. Pour la dose T1, l'augmentation de rendement varie de 14% à 71% par rapport au témoin selon la variété. Toutefois, l'effet traitement reste faible. Ces deux doses n'ont aucun effet sur la qualité du foutou du Wacrou (Kponan). Ces résultats sont prometteurs mais l'utilisation de différentes combinaisons: NP, NK, PK et NPK pourrait mieux ressortir l'effet des éléments N, P et K en culture d'igname. (Résumé d'auteur)
Published: 2003

46. Impact des nouvelles technologies de culture du niébé sur la production, les revenus et leur distribution au Bénin

Author: Nouhoheflin, Théodore, Coulibaly, Ousmane, Adegbidi, Anselme, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Jean-Yves Jamin, L. Seiny Boukar, Christian Floret, Jamin, Jean-Yves, and Jean-Yves Jamin, L. Seiny Boukar, Christian Floret
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics
Abstract: International audience; Le niébé est la légumineuse la plus cultivée au Bénin. Il constitue une source importante de revenu des paysans pauvres. Les nouvelles technologies de production de cette culture ont permis d'améliorer le rendement et, ce, en vue de garantir la sécurité alimentaire des ménages. Les résultats indiquent que les variétés améliorées du niébé ont induit une différence significative sur le rendement. Au sein des adoptants, le surplus de revenu est positivement corrélé au niveau d'adoption. L'adoption des technologies a entraîné une baisse de marge chez les femmes. Chez les hommes, elle a créé des revenus additionnels. Ce surplus varie selon les zones agro-écologiques en raison du niveau de fertilité des terres. Concernant la distribution des revenus, les nouvelles technologies ont tendance à réduire les inégalités dans la distribution des revenus issus du niébé. Les coefficients de Gini sont de 0,52 et 0,48 respectivement avant et après l'adoption. Ce coefficient est de 0,62 et 0,47 respectivement avant et après adoption chez les hommes. Chez les femmes, il passe de 0,59 à 0,48 respectivement avant et après adoption. L'inégalité est amoindrie dans la zone de forêt, alors qu'en savane l'adoption a conduit au creusement de l'écart de revenus chez les femmes et à l'amélioration de l'équité dans la distribution de revenus chez les hommes. (Résumé d'auteur)
Published: 2003

47. Promising practices for sustainable intensified systems in the savannah zone of West Africa

Author: J. Carsky, Robert, Sanginga, Nteranya, Schulz, Steffen, Vanlauwe, Bernard, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute (TSBF), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Sustainable Soil Management Programme (SSMP), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Jean-Yves Jamin, L. Seiny Boukar, Christian Floret, Jamin, Jean-Yves, and Jean-Yves Jamin, L. Seiny Boukar, Christian Floret
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics
Abstract: International audience; Les rotations avec des légumineuses et la jachère sont des pratiques de gestion des sols durables et productives. Ce texte analyse les rotations à soja [Glycine max] et niébé [Vigna unguiculata] dans les savanes à pluviométrie monomodale, et les jachères à [Mucuna pruriens var. utilis] dans les savanes à pluviométrie bimodale. Bien que les légumineuses exportent beaucoup de N dans leurs graines, elles sont plus appropriables par les producteurs et leurs effets peuvent être mieux gérés. Le domaine de recommandation de la jachère plantée en Mucuna est limité aux zones où une longue saison des pluies permet de cultiver le Mucuna et une culture vivrière à la suite au cours de la même saison. Ce texte s'intéresse en particulier à l'intérêt des rotations et des jachères, en mettant l'accent sur les résultats les plus récents. Parmi les meilleures pratiques pour les différents systèmes, il faut noter l'utilisation de cultivars à long cycle de maturation, une nutrition suffisante en P, et une succession la plus rapide possible entre la légumineuse et la céréale qui la suit. (Résumé d'auteur)
Published: 2003

48. Révision du genre Poeonoma Tams & Bowden (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae : Apameiini : Sesamiina) avec la description d’un nouveau genre et de deux nouvelles espèces de Sesamiina de la région afrotropicale

Author: Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Philippe Le Gall, Onésime Mubenga Kandonda, Bruno Le Ru, Grégoire Bani, Richard Molo, George Ong’amo, Gael J. Kergoat, Rose Ndemah, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), ICIPE, Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Université de Kisangani, Centre de recherches agronomiques de Loudima (CRAL), Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (NAARI), University of Nairobi (UoN), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Apameini, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, host-plants, molecular phylogenetics, Lepidoptera genitalia, taxonomy, 03 medical and health sciences, Bioregion, Poeonoma, Insect Science, morphology, Botany, Molecular phylogenetics, Noctuidae, Host plants, Taxonomy (biology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: The genus Poeonoma (Tams & Bowden, 1953) is revised to include two species P. serrata (Hampson, 1910) and P. ugandensis Le Run. sp., from the Congolian bioregion. Several new synonyms are introduced for Poeonoma serrata: Conicofrontia sjoestedti (Aurivillius, 1925) n. syn. for Poeonoma serrata (Hampson, 1910), Poeonoma similis (Tams & Bowden, 1953) n. syn. for Poeonoma serrata (Hampson, 1910), and Poeonoma nigribasis (Laporte, 1974) n. syn. for Poeonoma serrata (Hampson, 1910). A new genus, Nyaluteme Le Run. gen., is proposed for two species formerly included in Poeonoma, N. acantha (Tams & Bowden, 1953) n. comb. and N. inermis (Laporte, 1973) n. comb., and N. nigra Le Run. sp., described from the Congolian bioregion. Host-plants for three of the species are recorded:Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. for P. serrata and P. ugandensis, and Miscanthus violaceus (K. Schum) Pilg. for N. nigra. A key to species, descriptions, illustrations of adults and genitalia, and distribution maps are included. Results of previously published phylogenetic analyses also allow the status of the new genus to be confirmed and to infer the phylogenetic placement of the two genera.; Le genre Poeonoma (Tams & Bowden, 1953) est révisé ; deux espèces, P. serrata (Hampson, 1910) et P. ugandensis Le Ru n. sp., de la biorégion Congolaise, y sont incluses et plusieurs nouvelles synonymies sont proposées pour Poeonoma serrata : Conicofrontia sjoestedti (Aurivillius, 1925) n. syn. de Poeonoma serrata (Hampson, 1910), Poeonoma similis (Tams & Bowden, 1953) n. syn. de Poeonoma serrata (Hampson, 1910), et Poeonoma nigribasis (Laporte, 1974) n. syn. de Poeonoma serrata (Hampson, 1910). Un nouveau genre, Nyaluteme Le Ru n. gen., de la biorégion Congolaise, est proposé pour deux espèces précédemment décrites dans le genre Poeonoma, N. acantha (Tams & Bowden, 1953) n. comb., et N. inermis (Laporte, 1973) n. comb., et une espèce nouvellement décrite N. nigra Le Ru n. sp. Les plantes-hôtes de trois espèces sont répertoriées : Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. pour P. serrata et P. ugandensis, et Miscanthus violaceus (K. Schum) Pilg. pour N. nigra. Une clé de détermination des espèces est présentée ainsi que l’illustration des adultes et des génitalia et, des cartes de distribution. Les résultats d’analyses de reconstruction phylogénétique déjà publiées permettent également de confirmer le statut du nouveau genre et d’inférer la position phylogénétique des deux genres. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6ED4AC9E-043C-4A04-A92D-807066943002
Published: 2020

49. Diagnostic des systèmes techniques de transformation de l'igname en cossettes séchées au Bénin

Author: Hounhouigan, D.J., Akissoe, N., Bricas, Nicolas, Vernier, Ph., Hourmant, Valérie, Faculté des sciences agronomiques (Fsa-unb), Université Nationale du Bénin, Programme Agro-Alimentaire (Cirad-Amis PAA), Département Amélioration des méthodes pour l'innovation scientifique (AMIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)
Subjects: E21 - Agro-industrie, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Analyse de système, Produit alimentaire, Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires, Igname, Produit transformé, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Diagnostic, Secteur agroindustriel, Technologie traditionnelle, Technologie alimentaire
Abstract: Les pertes après-récolte des tubercules d'igname enregistrées dans les pays producteurs de l'Afrique de l'Ouest sont très importantes (40-50 % après 6 mois de stockage). Ces pertes sont dues à l'absence de moyens et méthodes de conservation appropriés. La transformation des tubercules en produits stables (cossettes, farine) est une solution à la conservation de l'igname frais. Cette technique permet, en outre, de réduire de plus de la moitié le poids de la matière à transporter. La méthode de fabrication des cossettes d'igname, connue depuis longtemps au Bénin et dans les pays voisins (Nigeria, Togo), permet de conserver le surplus des tubercules pour les utiliser pendant les périodes de soudure. Depuis plus d'une décennie, la farine de cossettes d'igname (Elubo) est passée dans les habitudes alimentaires des populations urbaines. L'importance de la demande actuelle nécessite que cette technique soit évaluée, améliorée et valorisée.
Published: 1998

50. Le développement de la flière cossettes d'igname pour l'approvisionnement des villes au Nigeria, au Bénin et au Togo

Author: Ategbo, E.A., Bricas, Nicolas, Hounhouigan, D.J., Mtchikpe, E.C., Nkpenu, K.E., Orkwor, G.C., Vernier, Ph., Faculté des sciences agronomiques (Fsa-unb), Université Nationale du Bénin, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national des cultures vivrières (Incv), Institut national des cultures vivrières, National Root Crops Research Institute (Nrcri), National Root Crops Research Institute, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Département Cultures annuelles (CA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Programme Agro-Alimentaire (Cirad-Amis PAA), Département Amélioration des méthodes pour l'innovation scientifique (AMIS), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)
Subjects: [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: Dans les pays du golfe de Guinée, l'igname est un produit très apprécié par la population, y compris dans les villes. Il y a 15 ans au sud-ouest du Nigeria, au Bénin et au Togo, l'approvisionnement des villes en igname était l a rgement dominé par des flux de tubercules frais. Cette situation prévaut dans les autres pays producteurs d'Afrique. Cette filière présente des contraintes : – la difficile conservation des tubercules en frais occasionne des pertes post-récolte importantes et une irrégularité des disponibilités tout au long de l'année ; – les coûts de transport et la commercialisation, et par conséquent, les prix au consommateur sont élevés ; – pour les utilisations culinaires des tubercules frais, les variétés d'igname à gros tubercules sont privilégiées. Ces variétés exigent, pour leur culture, des terres fertiles et un important investissement en travail.
Published: 1998

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