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196 results on '"Institute of Environmental Sciences"'

1. Emerging investigator series: the dynamics of particle size distributions need to be accounted for in bioavailability modelling of nanoparticles

Author: Vijver, Martina G., Zhai, Yujia, Wang, Zhuang, Peijnenburg, Willie, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), and School of Environmental Science and Engineering
Abstract: We propose to include the time-dependent size distribution of dispersed and internalized nanoparticles (NPs) in the ecotoxicological evaluation of exposure of biota to NPs and to develop tools to add the particle dynamics in the bioavailability modelling of NPs.
Published: 2018

2. Nanoparticles induce dermal and intestinal innate immune system responses in zebrafish embryos

Author: Brun, Nadja R., Koch, Bjørn E. V., Varela, Mónica, Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M., Spaink, Herman P., Vijver, Martina G., Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), and Institute of Biology
Subjects: animal structures, embryonic structures
Abstract: Metal and plastic nanoparticles elicit innate immune responses in the skin and intestine of zebrafish embryos potentially serving as key event for AOPs.
Published: 2018

3. taxize source code and program files

Author: Scott A. Chamberlain Biology Department, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6 and Eduard Szocs Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
Abstract: This is the code used in our article published in F1000Research entitled: taxize: taxonomic search and retrieval in R, without the accompanying text and description. This code should run in R without problems. Email scott@ropensci.org with any questions or problems.
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Deposition of base-cations in Europe and its role in acid neutralization and forest nutrition

Author: Draaijers GPJ, Leeuwen EP van, Jong PGH de, Erisman JW, LLO, TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences, and Energy Research and Process Innovation.
Subjects: forests, kartering, deposition, europa, acidification, neutralisation, basisische cationen, verzuring, nutrients, neutraliseren, nutrienten, map, kaart, mapping, europe, depositie, base-cations
Abstract: In relatie tot de verzuringsproblematiek wordt meestal weinig aandacht besteed aan de rol van basische kationen zoals Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ en K+. Echter, door depositie van basische kationen kan een deel van de zure depositie geneutraliseerd worden. Daarnaast zijn basische kationen belangrijke nutrienten voor ecosystemen. Tot op heden zijn op Europese schaal geen betrouwbare depositieschattingen voor basische kationen aanwezig, alhoewel deze informatie nodig is voor het bepalen van kritische depositiewaarden en haar overschrijdingen. In dit rapport worden kaarten van de totale (natte en droge) depositie in Europa gepresenteerd welke zijn gebaseerd op de zogenaamde 'inferentie' modellering. De natte depositie is gekarteerd op basis van resultaten van veldmetingen op meer dan 600 lokaties verspreid over Europa. De berekende depositievelden weerspiegelen de geografische variatie in bronnen, landgebruik en klimaat. Vergelijking met berekende potentieel zure deposities laat zien dat in Zuid-Europa over het algemeen meer dan 50% van de potentieel zure depositie geneutraliseerd wordt door depositie van basische kationen. In Centraal- en Noordwest-Europa is dit in de regel minder dan 25%. De laagste depositie van basische kationen in verhouding tot de depositie van potentieel zuur vindt plaats in Zuid-Scandinavie, Denemarken, Noord-Duitsland en Nederland. Voor de neutralisatie van zuurvormende anionen in neerslag werd een vergelijkbaar ruimtelijk patroon gevonden. De gemodelleerde deposities komen goed overeen met depositieschattingen die op 174 locaties verspreid over Europa gemaakt zijn op basis van doorval- en neerslagmetingen, zeker gezien de relatief grote onzekerheid in beide schattingen. Gemiddeld waren de schattingen niet significant verschillend. Wel bleek het model de droge depositie op bossen nabij lokale bronnen systematisch te onderschatten. Met behulp van foutenvoortplantings-technieken is voor een gemiddelde gridcel van 10x20 km in Europa de toevallige en systematische fout in de totale depositie van basische kationen geschat op 35-50%, respectievelijk 25-40%.
Published: 2012

5. Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism

Author: Guillet, Sébastien, Corona, Christophe, Oppenheimer, Clive, Lavigne, Franck, Khodri, Myriam, Ludlow, Francis, Sigl, Michael, Toohey, Matthew, Atkins, Paul S, Yang, Zhen, Muranaka, Tomoko, Horikawa, Nobuko, Stoffel, Markus, Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (University of Geneva), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Trinity Centre for Environmental Humanities, Department of History, School of Histories & Humanities, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Trinity College Dublin), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. (University of Saskatchewan), Department of Asian Languages & Literature, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA (University of Washington), Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. (University of Geneva), Department of Asian Languages & Literature, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. (University of Washington), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 820047,THERA, European Project: 951649,4-OCEANS, Guillet, Sébastien [0000-0002-0602-0518], Corona, Christophe [0000-0002-7645-6157], Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260], Khodri, Myriam [0000-0003-1941-1646], Ludlow, Francis [0000-0003-0008-0314], Toohey, Matthew [0000-0002-7070-405X], Atkins, Paul S. [0000-0002-4048-5036], Stoffel, Markus [0000-0003-0816-1303], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Atkins, Paul S [0000-0002-4048-5036]
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 13 Climate Action, Multidisciplinary, 530 Physics, 520 Astronomy, article, 704/106/694/1108, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 530 Physik, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, 540 Chemistry, 704/106/413, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 900 History
Abstract: Acknowledgements: S.G., C.C., M.K. and M. Stoffel were supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Sinergia Project CALDERA (CRSII5_183571). S.G. acknowledges A. Harrak (Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto), F. Espenak (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), F. Hierink (Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva) and P. Souyri (Department of East Asian Studies, University of Geneva) for providing advice on the manuscript. F. Lavigne was supported by Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, Academic Institute of France). M.K. received funding from the EUR IPSL – Climate Graduate School project, managed by the ANR within the “Investissements d’avenir” programme under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-17-EURE-0006. F. Ludlow received funding from an Irish Research Council Starting Laureate Award (CLICAB project, IRCLA/2017/303). F. Ludlow and Z.Y. also received funding from a European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant (4-OCEANS; grant agreement no. 951649) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. M. Sigl received funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 820047). This paper is a product of the Volcanic Impacts on Climate and Society (VICS) working group., Explosive volcanism is a key contributor to climate variability on interannual to centennial timescales1. Understanding the far-field societal impacts of eruption-forced climatic changes requires firm event chronologies and reliable estimates of both the burden and altitude (that is, tropospheric versus stratospheric) of volcanic sulfate aerosol2, 3. However, despite progress in ice-core dating, uncertainties remain in these key factors4. This particularly hinders investigation of the role of large, temporally clustered eruptions during the High Medieval Period (HMP, 1100–1300 ce), which have been implicated in the transition from the warm Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age5. Here we shed new light on explosive volcanism during the HMP, drawing on analysis of contemporary reports of total lunar eclipses, from which we derive a time series of stratospheric turbidity. By combining this new record with aerosol model simulations and tree-ring-based climate proxies, we refine the estimated dates of five notable eruptions and associate each with stratospheric aerosol veils. Five further eruptions, including one responsible for high sulfur deposition over Greenland circa 1182 ce, affected only the troposphere and had muted climatic consequences. Our findings offer support for further investigation of the decadal-scale to centennial-scale climate response to volcanic eruptions.
Published: 2023

6. Environmental and socioeconomic effects of mosquito control in Europe using the biocide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti)

Author: Laurence Després, Brigitte Poulin, Oliver Frör, Guillaume Tetreau, Stefanie Allgeier, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Carsten A. Brühl, UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZ LANDAU INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LANDAU DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation, restauration et gestion des écosystèmes, Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZ LANDAU DEU, and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: Chironomid, Environmental Engineering, Mosquito Control, Biocide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Resistance, Population, Bacillus thuringiensis, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Persistence, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, education, Pest Control, Biological, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, education.field_of_study, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Resistance (ecology), biology, Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Bioinsecticide, Europe, Mosquito control, Socioeconomic Factors, Larva, Nuisance, Value, Disinfectants
Abstract: International audience; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) has been used in mosquito control programs to reduce nuisance in Europe for decades and is generally considered an environmentally-safe, effective and target-specific biocide. However, the use of Bti is not uncontroversial. Target mosquitoes and affected midges represent an important food source for many aquatic and terrestrial predators and reduction of their populations is likely to result in food-web effects at higher trophic levels. In the context of global biodiversity loss, this appears particularly critical since treated wetlands are often representing conservation areas. In this review, we address the current large-scale use of Bti for mosquito nuisance control in Europe, provide a description of its regulation followed by an overview of the available evidence on the parameters that are essential to evaluate Bti use in mosquito control. Bti accumulation and toxin persistence could result in a chronic expose of mosquito populations ultimately affecting their susceptibility, although observed increase in resistance to Bti in mosquito populations is low due to the four toxins involved. A careful independent monitoring of mosquito susceptibility, using sensitive bioassays, is mandatory to detect resistance development timely. Direct Bti effects were documented for non-target chironomids and other invertebrate groups and are discussed for amphibians. Field studies revealed contrasting results on possible impacts on chironomid abundances. Indirect, food-web effects were rarely studied in the environment. Depending on study design and duration, Bti effects on higher trophic levels were demonstrated or not. Further long-term field studies are needed, especially with observations of bird declines in Bti-treated wetland areas. Socio-economic relevance of mosquito control requires considering nuisance, vector-borne diseases and environmental effects jointly. Existing studies indicate that a majority of the population is concerned regarding potential environmental effects of Bti mosquito control and that they are willing to pay for alternative, more environment-friendly techniques.
Published: 2020

7. Environmental variability in aquatic ecosystems: Avenues for future multifactorial experiments

Author: Gerhard, Miriam, Koussoroplis, Apostolos‐Manuel, Raatz, Michael, Pansch, Christian, Fey, Samuel B., Vajedsamiei, Jahangir, Calderó‐Pascual, Maria, Cunillera‐Montcusí, David, Juvigny‐Khenafou, Noël P. D., Polazzo, Francesco, Thomas, Patrick K., Symons, Celia C., Beklioğlu, Meryem, Berger, Stella A., Chefaoui, Rosa M., Ger, Kemal Ali, Langenheder, Silke, Nejstgaard, Jens C., Ptacnik, Robert, Striebel, Maren, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, University of Oldenburg, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department for Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Department of Biology, Reed college, Portland, OR, USA, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), CENTRE FOR FRESHWATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DUNDALK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CO LOUTH IRELAND GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), AquaScale Lab, WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM), UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZ LANDAU INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LANDAU DEU, Department of Ecotoxicology, IMDEA Water Institute, Alcala de Henares, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, and Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala, Sweden
Subjects: Ekologi, Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Q Science (General), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, QS Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The relevance of considering environmental variability for understanding and predicting biological responses to environmental changes has resulted in a recent surge in variability-focused ecological research. However, integration of findings that emerge across studies and identification of remaining knowledge gaps in aquatic ecosystems remain critical. Here, we address these aspects by: (1) summarizing relevant terms of variability research including the components (characteristics) of variability and key interactions when considering multiple environmental factors; (2) identifying conceptual frameworks for understanding the consequences of environmental variability in single and multifactorial scenarios; (3) highlighting challenges for bridging theoretical and experimental studies involving transitioning from simple to more complex scenarios; (4) proposing improved approaches to overcome current mismatches between theoretical predictions and experimental observations; and (5) providing a guide for designing integrated experiments across multiple scales, degrees of control, and complexity in light of their specific strengths and limitations.
Published: 2023

8. Seasonal variation in energy expenditure in a rodent inhabiting a winter-rainfall desert

Author: Alexandre Zahariev, Maria Gatta, Neville Pillay, Rebecca Rimbach, Stéphane Blanc, Carsten Schradin, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] ( WITS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), University of Witwatersrand, School of Animal Plant & Environmental Science, University of Witwatersrand, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), and Leiden University
Subjects: 030110 physiology, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Physiology, Rain, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Physical activity level, Phenotype flexibility, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Endocrinology, Dry season, Eco-physiology, Energetics, medicine, Temperate climate, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Field metabolic rate, Drought, Ecology, Temperature, Seasonality, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Droughts, 13. Climate action, Food, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Basal metabolic rate, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Seasons, Energy Metabolism, Rhabdomys pumilio, Locomotion
Abstract: International audience; Animals that spend more energy than they obtain risk entering allostatic overload, reducing survival and fitness. They are predicted to adjust their daily energy expenditure (DEE) during periods of food scarcity. Adjustments of DEE to changes in food availability have been well-studied in species in temperate zones during winter, but less so in species enduring seasonal droughts. Likely mechanisms regulating DEE involve adjustments of activity and maintenance metabolism. Species that experience seasonal droughts and changes in food availability, like the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), are appropriate model organisms to study the regulation of seasonal changes of DEE. We quantified DEE using the ‘doubly labelled water’ method, measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), and concomitantly determined activity levels using all-day focal observations of 69 free-living striped mice in the cold moist season with high food availability and the hot dry season with low food availability. Striped mice decreased their DEE in the food scarce dry season using multiple mechanisms, especially reductions in RMR, and reduced overall physical activity. This was further facilitated passively by reduced thermoregulatory costs. Our study demonstrates that animals reduce DEE via active and passive mechanisms in food-restricted environments, and highlights that several environmental factors should be considered simultaneously when aiming to understand how animals cope with harsh environments.
Published: 2018

9. MHC architecture in Amphibians : ancestral reconstruction, gene rearrangements, and duplication patterns

Author: Ke He, Wiesław Babik, Mateusz Majda, Piotr Minias, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland, and Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Poland
Subjects: MHC architecture, macroevolution, amphibians, Genetics, copy number variation, genomic data, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, major histocompatibility complex
Abstract: The hypervariable major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a crucial component of vertebrate adaptive immunity, but large-scale studies on MHC macroevolution in nonmodel vertebrates have long been constrained by methodological limitations. Here, we used rapidly accumulating genomic data to reconstruct macroevolution of the MHC region in amphibians. We retrieved contigs containing the MHC region from genome assemblies of 32 amphibian species and examined major structural rearrangements, duplication patterns, and gene structure across the amphibian phylogeny. Based on the few available caecilian and urodele genomes, we showed that the structure of ancestral MHC region in amphibians was probably relatively simple and compact, with a close physical linkage between MHC-I and MHC-II regions. This ancestral MHC architecture was generally conserved in anurans, although the evolution of class I subregion proceeded toward more extensive duplication and rapid expansion of gene copy number, providing evidence for dynamic evolutionary trajectories. Although, in anurans, we recorded tandems of duplicated MHC-I genes outside the core subregion, our phylogenetic analyses of MHC-I sequences provided little support for an expansion of nonclassical MHC-Ib genes across amphibian families. Finally, we found that intronic regions of amphibian classical MHC genes were much longer when compared with other tetrapod lineages (birds and mammals), which could partly be driven by the expansion of genome size. Our study reveals novel evolutionary patterns of the MHC region in amphibians and provides a comprehensive framework for further studies on the MHC macroevolution across vertebrates.
Published: 2023

10. Pest management under climate change: The importance of understanding tritrophic relations

Author: Jérôme Moreau, Dominique Fleury, Martin Beniston, Victorine Castex, Pierluigi Calanca, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] ( ISE ), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Department of Environment, Transportation and Agriculture ( DETA ), Geneva State, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Department of Environment, Transportation and Agriculture (DETA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Environmental Engineering, Insecta, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Phenological models, Climate Change, Climate change, Lobesia botrana, 01 natural sciences, Integrated Pest Management, Parasitoid, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Vitis, Economic impact analysis, Herbivory, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, ddc:333.7-333.9, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Ecology, Phenology, Temperature, Humidity, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, 010602 entomology, Synchrony, 13. Climate action, Biological control, Pest Control, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trichogramma, Tritrophic relations, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 11 pages; International audience; Plants and insects depend on climatic factors (temperature, solar radiation, precipitations, relative humidity and CO2) for their development. Current knowledge suggests that climate change can alter plants and insects development and affect their interactions. Shifts in tritrophic relations are of particular concern for Integrated Pest Management (IPM), because responses at the highest trophic level (natural enemies) are highly sensitive to warmer temperature. It is expected that natural enemies could benefit from better conditions for their development in northern latitudes and IPM could be facilitated by a longer period of overlap. This may not be the case in southern latitudes, where climate could become too warm. Adapting IPM to future climatic conditions requires therefore understanding of changes that occur at the various levels and their linkages. The aim of this review is to assess the current state of knowledge and highlights the gaps in the existing literature concerning how climate change can affect tritrophic relations. Because of the economic importance of wine production, the interactions between grapevine, Vitis vinifera (1st), Lobesia botrana (2nd) and Trichogramma spp., (3rd), an egg parasitoid of Lobesia botrana, are considered as a case study for addressing specific issues. In addition, we discuss models that could be applied in order quantify alterations in the synchrony or asynchrony patterns but also the shifts in the timing and spatial distribution of hosts, pests and their natural enemies.
Published: 2017

11. Shockwave-assisted laser filament conductivity

Author: Denis Mongin, Thomas Produit, Jérôme Kasparian, Guillaume Schimmel, Jean-Pierre Wolf, Elise Schubert, GAP-Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] ( ISE ), FET OPEN LLR, European Project : 291201,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,FILATMO ( 2012 ), European Project : 737033,LLR, Group of Applied Physics [Geneva] (GAP), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), European Project: 291201,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,FILATMO(2012), and European Project: 737033,LLR
Subjects: Shock wave, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Décharge, Femtoseconde, Guidage, Femtosecond, Laser, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Conductivity, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High voltage, 010309 optics, Protein filament, Filamentation, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Onde de choc, 010306 general physics, plasma, ddc:333.7-333.9, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], nonlinear optics, Plasma, shock waves, Physics - Plasma Physics, Shockwave, filamentation, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Plasma channel, Discharge, Guiding, Atomic physics, Haute tension, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract: We investigate the influence of ultrashort laser filaments on high-voltage discharges and spark-free unloading at various repetition rates and wind conditions. For electric fields well below, close to and above the threshold for discharges, we respectively observe remote spark-free unloading, discharge suppression, and discharge guiding. These effects rely on an indirect consequence of the thermal deposition, namely the fast dilution of the ions by the shockwave triggered by the filament at each laser shot. This dilution drastically limits recombination and increases the plasma channel conductivity that can still be non-negligible after tens or hundreds of milliseconds. As a result, the charge flow per pulse is higher at low repetition rates., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2017
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12. Mixing of porpoise ecotypes in South Western UK waters revealed by genetic profiling

Author: Michael C. Fontaine, Rob Deaville, Paul Jepson, Nicolas Ray, Sylvain Piry, Nicholas J. Davison, Simon J. Goodman, Olivier Thatcher, Andrew Brownlow, Fontaine lab, Sch Biol, Fac Biol Sci, University of Leeds, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, University of Groningen, Inst. Zool., Zoological Society of London, Dept. Zool., University of Cambridge, EnviroSPACE Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland]-University of Geneva [Switzerland], Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Service, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK] (APHA), EnviroSPACE Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, SRUC, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Fontaine, Michael C., Goodman, Simon J., and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, Phocoena, Admixture, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, ecotype specialization, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, molecular ecology, dispersal, 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, ddc:333.7-333.9, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecotype, Ecology, Biology (Whole Organism), continuous population, Pelagic zone, Dispersal, Continuous population, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, climate change, Ecotype specialization, Genetic structure, Microsatellite, Biological dispersal, admixture, lcsh:Q, Bay, Porpoise, Research Article
Abstract: Contact zones between ecotypes are windows for understanding how species may react to climate changes. Here, we analysed the fine-scale genetic and morphological variation in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) around the UK by genotyping 591 stranded animals at nine microsatellite loci. The data were integrated with a prior study to map at high resolution the contact zone between two previously identified ecotypes meeting in the northern Bay of Biscay. Clustering and spatial analyses revealed that UK porpoises are derived from two genetic pools with porpoises from the southwestern UK being genetically differentiated, and having larger body sizes compared to those of other UK areas. Southwestern UK porpoises showed admixed ancestry between southern and northern ecotypes with a contact zone extending from the northern Bay of Biscay to the Celtic Sea and Channel. Around the UK, ancestry blends from one genetic group to the other along a southwest--northeast axis, correlating with body size variation, consistent with previously reported morphological differences between the two ecotypes. We also detected isolation by distance among juveniles but not in adults, suggesting that stranded juveniles display reduced intergenerational dispersal. The fine-scale structure of this admixture zone raises the question of how it will respond to future climate change and provides a reference point for further study.
Published: 2017

13. Nonlinear wave evolution with data-driven breaking

Author: D. Eeltink, H. Branger, C. Luneau, Y. He, A. Chabchoub, J. Kasparian, T. S. van den Bremer, T. P. Sapsis, EPFL IPHYS (EPFL IPHYS), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Wind, Waves and Water, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW., Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Group of Applied Physics and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Swiss National Science Foundation(Mobility Fellowship P2GEP2-191480), ONR GrantsN00014-21-1-2357 and N00014-20-1-2366, SNSF 200020-175697, University of Sydney International Scholarship(USydIS), and Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellowship
Subjects: ddc:333.7-333.9, Wave breaking, Multidisciplinary, Wind waves, neural network, Blended machine learning, General Physics and Astronomy, ddc:500.2, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Wave tank, Vague, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Machine learning, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Wave Breaking
Abstract: Wave breaking is the main mechanism that dissipates energy input into ocean waves by wind and transferred across the spectrum by nonlinearity. It determines the properties of a sea state and plays a crucial role in ocean-atmosphere interaction, ocean pollution, and rogue waves. Owing to its turbulent nature, wave breaking remains too computationally demanding to solve using direct numerical simulations except in simple, short-duration circumstances. To overcome this challenge, we present a blended machine learning framework in which a physics-based nonlinear evolution model for deep-water, non-breaking waves and a recurrent neural network are combined to predict the evolution of breaking waves. We use wave tank measurements rather than simulations to provide training data and use a long short-term memory neural network to apply a finite-domain correction to the evolution model. Our blended machine learning framework gives excellent predictions of breaking and its effects on wave evolution, including for external data.
Published: 2022

14. Indésirables mais utiles : la gestion des eaux en périphérie d’Augustonemetum/Clermont-Ferrand.Les sites de la rue Fontgiève et de l’ancienne gare routière (fin du Ier s.-IVe s. apr. J.-C.)

Author: Ollivier, Julien, Martinez, Damien, Blondel, François, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Histoire, Archéologie et Littératures des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux (CIHAM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Climatic Change and Climate Impacts Research Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)
Subjects: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

15. Recognizing the long-term impacts of plastic particles for preventing distortion in decision-making

Author: Nathalie Gontard, Grégoire David, Alice Guilbert, Joshua Sohn, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), and European Project: 688338,H2020,H2020-WASTE-2015-two-stage,NoAW(2016)
Subjects: Urban Studies, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Geography, Planning and Development, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; There is a considerable knowledge gap regarding the long-term fate of plastics in the environment. Acknowledging this gap, in the context of life cycle assessment methods, is critical to account for the long-term fate of plastics in the decision-making process. Ignoring the long-term potential for environmental and health damage from plastic particles makes it difficult to defend a quantitative environmental assessment comparing fossil-based conventional plastics with other alternative materials. This Review highlights that the addition of a plastic particulate footprint as a midpoint impact indicator in life cycle assessments should be considered to quantify these overlooked long-term impacts
Published: 2022

16. Ecosystem-Based Practices for Smallholders’ Adaptation to Climate Extremes : Evidence of Benefits and Knowledge Gaps in Latin America

Author: Raffaele Vignola, M. Jimena Esquivel, Celia Harvey, Bruno Rapidel, Pavel Bautista-Solis, Francisco Alpizar, Camila Donatti, Jacques Avelino, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Water Systems and Global Change Group, University of Vermont [Burlington], Animal Production Systems Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), Universiteit Leiden, Monteverde Institute (MVI), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Group, Conservation International, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), International Climate Initiative ICI of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation Building and Nuclear Safety BMUB, as part of the CASCADE project 'Ecosystem-based Adaptation for Smallholder Subsistence and Coffee Farming Communities in Central America'., and German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety BMUB supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag
Subjects: agroecology, Dierlijke Productiesystemen, coffee, vulnerability, agricultural practices, maize, Animal Production Systems, agroforestry, water and soil conservation, Environmental Economics and Natural Resources, climate change, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, beans, Water Systems and Global Change, farming systems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Milieueconomie en Natuurlijke Hulpbronnen
Abstract: International audience; Agricultural practices of smallholder farming systems of Latin America can play an important role in reducing their exposure to the risks associated with climate extremes. To date, however, there is no systematic analysis of scientific evidence for the extent to which these practices can provide the multiple benefits needed for smallholders to adapt to climate extremes. In this paper, we searched scientific databases to review scientific evidence of the benefit provided by twenty-six practices in crops commonly farmed by smallholders in the region and highly relevant for their food and nutrition security; namely, coffee, maize and beans. We reviewed scientific documents (n = 304) published in the period 1953-2021 to register evidence of the practices' effects on fifty-five benefits. Our analysis of these documents found measurement records (n = 924) largely based on field experiments (85%). Our results show strong evidence of the multiple benefits that some ecosystem-based practices (e.g., tree-based practices for coffee and no tillage for maize) can provide to support the adaptation to climate extremes of smallholder farming systems and enhance a farm's natural assets (e.g., biodiversity, water, soil). We also found that the majority of research on practices in the region focused more on the socioeconomic dimension (54%) rather than on the capacity of practices to improve the natural assets of a smallholder farmers or reduce the impact of climate extremes. Given these knowledge gaps, we discuss the importance of a renovated investment in research to address existing knowledge gaps. Our concluding suggestions for future research include the need for systematizing existing knowledge from different sources (e.g., peer-reviewed, gray literature, farmers, extension agencies, etc.), and to assess the extent to which these practices can provide multiple benefits for smallholder farming systems by improving their wellbeing, reducing their vulnerability to different hydroclimatic extremes while also contributing to ecosystem services provision at the landscape level.
Published: 2022

17. Development of an adverse outcome pathway for radiation-induced microcephaly via expert consultation and machine learning

Author: Thomas Jaylet, Roel Quintens, Mohamed Abderrafi Benotmane, Jukka Luukkonen, Ignacia Braga Tanaka, Chrystelle Ibanez, Christelle Durand, Magdalini Sachana, Omid Azimzadeh, Christelle Adam-Guillermin, Knut Erik Tollefsen, Olivier Laurent, Karine Audouze, Olivier Armant, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), University of Eastern Finland, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Laboratoire de radiotoxicologie et radiobiologie expérimentale (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LRTOX), Service de recherche sur les effets biologiques et Sanitaires des rayonnements ionisants (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE), Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz - Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Laboratoire de micro-irradiation, de métrologie et de dosimétrie neutrons (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN), Service de dosimétrie (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Laboratoire d épidémiologie des rayonnements ionisants (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID), Laboratoire d'écologie et d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SERPEN/LECO), Service de Radioprotection des Populations et de l’Environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SERPEN), The Research Council of Norway (RCN) through its Centre for Excellence funding scheme (Project No. 223268 and projectNo. 268294‘MixRisk’) and NIVAS Computational ToxicologyProgram, NCTP (www.niva.no/nctp, RCN project No. 160016).1758T. JAYLET ET AL., and European Project: 900009,RadoNorm
Subjects: [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Adverse Outcome Pathways, brain, Risk Assessment, Machine Learning, Adverse outcome pathway, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], microcephaly, ionizing radiation, Referral and Consultation, AOP, development
Abstract: International audience; Background:Brain development during embryogenesis and in early postnatal life is particularlycomplex and involves the interplay of many cellular processes and molecular mechanisms, makingit extremely vulnerable to exogenous insults, including ionizing radiation (IR). Microcephaly is oneof the most frequent neurodevelopmental abnormalities that is characterized by small brain size,and is often associated with intellectual deficiency. Decades of research span from epidemiologicaldata onin uteroexposure of the A-bomb survivors, to studies on animal and cellular models thatallowed deciphering the most prominent molecular mechanisms leading to microcephaly. TheAdverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is used to organize, evaluate and portray the scien-tific knowledge of toxicological effects spanning different biological levels of organizations, fromthe initial interaction with molecular targets to the occurrence of a disease or adversity. In the pre-sent study, the framework was used in an attempt to organize the current scientific knowledge onmicrocephaly progression in the context of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. This work was per-formed by a group of experts formed during a recent workshop organized jointly by theMultidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI) and the European Radioecology Alliance(ALLIANCE) associations to present the AOP approach and tools. Here we report on the develop-ment of a putative AOP for congenital microcephaly resulting from IR exposure based on discus-sions of the working group and we emphasize the use of a novel machine-learning approach toassist in the screening of the available literature to develop AOPs.Conclusion:The expert consultation led to the identification of crucial biological events for theprogression of microcephaly upon exposure to IR, and highlighted current knowledge gaps. Themachine learning approach was successfully used to screen the existing knowledge and helped torapidly screen the body of evidence and in particular the epidemiological data. This systematicreview approach also ensured that the analysis was sufficiently comprehensive to identify themost relevant data and facilitate rapid and consistent AOP development. We anticipate that asmachine learning approaches become more user-friendly through easy-to-use web interface, thiswould allow AOP development to become more efficient and less time consuming
Published: 2022

18. Second and third harmonic generation from simultaneous high peak- and high average-power thin disk laser

Author: Andral, U., Walch, P., Moreno, V., Mahieu, B., Produit, T., Lozano, M., Bizet, L., Herkommer, C., Moret, M., André, Y.-B., Krötz, P., Metzger, T., Michel, K., Mysyrowicz, A., Kasparian, J., Lupinski, D., Houard, A., Wolf, J.-P., Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TRUMPF Scientific Lasers GmbH, Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), André Mysyrowicz Consultants, Groupe de Physique Appliquée (GAP), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Cristal Laser, and European Project: 737033,LLR
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Third harmonic generation, Nonlinear optics Nonlinear optics, Second harmonic SHG, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Ultrashort Pulse Laser
Abstract: We report Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Third Harmonic Generation (THG) energy conversion efficiencies up to 59% and 27%, respectively for laser pulses simultaneously delivering high peak power in the sub-TW range and average powers in the sub-kW range. No damage or efficiency decrease is observed after more than 100 hours operation time. The resulting high-energy visible and near-UV pulses are suitable for applications like lightning control, material analysis and machining, or OPCPA pumping.
Published: 2022
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19. The effect of stream shading on the inflow characteristics in a downstream reservoir

Author: Ingo Haag, Katharina Teltscher, Andreas Lorke, Julia Krumm, Mayra Ishikawa, Haag, Ingo, 2 HYDRON GmbH, Environmental and Hydrological Consulting Karlsruhe Germany, Krumm, Julia, Teltscher, Katharina, Lorke, Andreas, and 1 Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, ddc:628.1, Inflow, Downstream (manufacturing), ddc:551.48, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Shading, Water quality, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, Riparian zone
Abstract: In thermally stratified reservoirs, inflows form density currents according to the interplay between inflow temperature and reservoir stratification. The temperature of inflowing water is affected by catchment properties, including shading by riparian vegetation. We hypothesize that the degree of shading in the catchment can affect the inflow dynamics in downstream reservoirs by changing inflow temperature and consequently the nature of the density current. We test it for a subtropical drinking water reservoir by combining catchment‐scale hydrological and stream temperature modeling with observations of reservoir stratification. We analyze the formation of density currents, defined as under, inter and overflow, for scenarios with contrasting shading conditions in the catchment. Inflow temperatures were simulated with the distributed water‐balance model LARSIM‐WT, which integrates heat‐balance and water temperature. River temperature measurements and simulations are in good agreement with a RMSE of 0.58°C. In simulations using the present state of shading, underflows are the most frequent flow path, 63% of the annual period. During the remaining time, river intrusion form interflows. In a scenario without stream shading, average inflow temperature increased by 2.2°C. Thus, interflows were the most frequent flow path (51%), followed by underflows (34%) and overflows (15%). With this change, we would expect a degradation of reservoir water quality, as overflows promote longer periods of anoxia and nutrient loads would be delivered to the photic zone, a potential trigger for algae blooms. This study revealed a potentially important, yet unexplored aspect of catchment management for controlling reservoir water quality., Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4746288
Published: 2021

20. Global, regional and national trends of atmospheric ammonia derived from a decadal (2008-2018) satellite record

Author: Roy Wichink Kruit, Cathy Clerbaux, Margreet C. van Zanten, Simon Whitburn, Martin Van Damme, Jan Willem Erisman, Lieven Clarisse, Daniel Hurtmans, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Pierre-François Coheur, Mark A. Sutton, Bruno Franco, Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), Leiden University, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: biomass burning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, IASI, satellite, Biodiversity, 010501 environmental sciences, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Ammonia, ammonia (NH3), emission, Ecosystem, East Asia, National trends, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, agriculture, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Period (geology), Environmental science, Satellite, Trends, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract: Excess atmospheric ammonia (NH3) leads to deleterious effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, air quality and health, and it is therefore essential to monitor its budget and temporal evolution. Hyperspectral infrared satellite sounders provide daily NH3 observations at global scale for over a decade. Here we use the version 3 of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) NH3 dataset to derive global, regional and national trends from 2008 to 2018. We find a worldwide increase of 12.8 ± 1.3 % over this 11-year period, driven by large increases in east Asia (5.80 ± 0.61% increase per year), western and central Africa (2.58 ± 0.23 % yr−1), North America (2.40 ± 0.45 % yr−1) and western and southern Europe (1.90 ± 0.43 % yr−1). These are also seen in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, while the southwestern part of India exhibits decreasing trends. Reported national trends are analyzed in the light of changing anthropogenic and pyrogenic NH3 emissions, meteorological conditions and the impact of sulfur and nitrogen oxides emissions, which alter the atmospheric lifetime of NH3. We end with a short case study dedicated to the Netherlands and the ‘Dutch Nitrogen crisis' of 2019., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2021
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21. Millennial‐scale deglaciation across the European Alps at the transition between the Younger Dryas and the Early Holocene - evidence from a new cosmogenic nuclide chronology

Author: Protin, Marie, Schimmelpfennig, Irene, Mugnier, Jean‐louis, Buoncristiani, Jean‐François, Le Roy, Melaine, Pohl, Benjamin, Moreau, Luc, Aumaitre, Georges, Bourlès, Didier, Keddadouche, Karim, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ANR-14-CE03-0006,VIP-Mont-Blanc,VItesses des Processus contrôlant les évolutions morphologiques et environnementales du massif du Mont Blanc(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Glacier, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Moraine, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Deglaciation, Physical geography, Younger Dryas, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Cosmogenic nuclide, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Teleconnection
Abstract: 15 pages; International audience; Reconstructing the spatial and temporal response of mountain glaciers to rapid climate change in the past provides access to the effects of current climate change. Yet, the spatial and temporal variability of past glacier fluctuations is not fully understood. In this study, we focus on the timing of glacier fluctuations in the European Alps during the Younger Dryas/Early Holocene (YD/EH) transition. In an effort to elucidate whether glacier fluctuations were synchronous during this period, we present a new chronology of the Alpine Talèfre glacier, based on 14 new 10Be ages of moraines and roches moutonnées. The retreat of Talèfre glacier was initiated during the mid-YD (~12.4 ka), then it experienced a gradual retreat punctuated by at least three oscillations until ∼11 ka before shrinking substantially within its Little Ice Age limits (13th−19th centuries). Comparison of our findings with published glacier chronologies in the Alpine region highlights broadly synchronous behaviour of glaciers across the Alps between 12 and 10 ka. The coeval glacier fluctuations at a regional scale suggest that common regional climate conditions had a major impact on Alpine glacier variations during the YD/EH transition. The similarity of glacier behaviour and independent temperature records in both the Alpine region and the northern high latitudes suggests a teleconnection between these regions, but differences in the amplitude of the mean annual temperature signals relative to summer temperature indicate pronounced changes in seasonality between the YD and the EH.
Published: 2021

22. Reframing Lake Geneva ecological trajectory in a context of multiple but asynchronous pressures

Author: Marie-Elodie Perga, Pierre Sabatier, Jean-Louis Reyss, Christian Crouzet, Katrina Kremer, Rosalie Bruel, A. Marchetto, Stéphanie Girardclos, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Swiss Seismological Service [ETH Zurich] (SED), Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and University Savoie-Mont BlancCOOPERA (Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes) grantPaleo5D grant
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, EarthArXiv|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Climate warming, bepress|Life Sciences, Effects of global warming, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, EarthArXiv|Life Sciences, 11. Sustainability, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, EarthArXiv|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology|Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology|Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Temporal ecology, Resilience, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, Pelagic zone, Plankton, 15. Life on land, Eutrophication, Monitoring program, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, Interactive carryover, sense organs
Abstract: International audience; Regime shifts are major reorganization of ecological processes, creating new sets of mechanisms that drive the new ecological regime. Such rearrangements can affect how and how much the system responds to pressures other than those that created the shift (interactive carryover). Lake Geneva still exhibits high levels of productivity despite reductions in phosphorus to its reference baseline; the continued high productivity is likely due to the synergistic effects of climate change. We tested whether the contemporary Lake Geneva plankton community response to air temperature, one symptom of climate change, differed from the responses to past changes in air temperature. We used paleoecology to quantify the changes in plankton communities, as a proxy of general ecological changes, over the past 1500 years. Our results show that from 563 AD (beginning of the record) to the twentieth century, the cladoceran assemblage remained stable, despite climate variability of 3 °C in air temperature. The plankton community of Lake Geneva appeared to shift for the first time in the 1500 year record in 1946, and dynamic linear models suggested that 1958–1961 was a critical transition period when the ecosystem changed state. Littoral species were lost, and the assemblage became dominated by pelagic species. The shift took place around the beginning of the current long-term monitoring program, when local perturbations (eutrophication) were escalating. Our results suggest that eutrophication acted as a switch towards a lake more vulnerable to climate change.
Published: 2021

23. Lake Sedimentary DNA Research on Past Terrestrial and Aquatic Biodiversity: Overview and Recommendations

Author: Ulrike Herzschuh, Inger Greve Alsos, Marco J. L. Coolen, Marie-Eve Monchamp, Stefan Bertilsson, Daniel Ariztegui, Antony G. Brown, Laura S. Epp, Sarah E. Crump, Aurèle Vuillemin, Mikkel Winther Pedersen, Rebecca E. Garner, Irene Gregory-Eaves, David A. Walsh, Simon Belle, Kevin Nota, Youri Lammers, Kurt H. Kjær, Liv Heinecke, Camille Thomas, Fredrik Olajos, Joanna Gauthier, Göran Englund, Liisi Talas, Isabelle Domaizon, Joanne E. Littlefair, Charlotte Clarke, Eric Capo, Anan Ibrahim, Eske Willerslev, Didier Debroas, Johan Rydberg, Y. L. Wang, Fabien Arnaud, Trisha L. Spanbauer, Peter D. Heintzman, Pierre Taberlet, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Dilli Prasad Rijal, Charline Giguet-Covex, Richard Bindler, Laura Parducci, Alexandra Rouillard, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Veljo Kisand, Heike Zimmermann, Christian Bigler, Anne van Woerkom, William D. Orsi, Erwan Messager, Umeå University, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Uppsala University, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80331 Munich, GeoBio-CenterLMU, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department of Environmental Science and Policy [Milano], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Biology [Concordia], Concordia University [Montreal], Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique - GRIL (Montréal, Canada), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Department of Biology [McGill University], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH POTSDAM DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Institute for Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany, University of Tartu, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Department of Environmental Sciences and Lake Erie Center, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Western Australia Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, the Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Limnological Institute, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation2016.0083Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FormasFR-2016/0005Research Council of NorwayEuropean Commission250963/F20German Research Foundation (DFG)OR 417/1-1VU 94/1-1E, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Geosciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Section for Geogenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Department of Ecology and Genetics, the Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9010 Tromsø, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, University of Potsdam, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Willerslev, Eske [0000-0002-7081-6748], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Earth science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, lake sediments, Sedimentary DNA, lcsh:GN281-289, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Aquatic biota, 01 natural sciences, Paleolimnology, paleoecology, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, sedimentary ancient DNA, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ddc:550, lcsh:QE640-699, biodiversity, 0303 health sciences, paleolimnology, Paleogenetics, Lake sediments, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Stratigraphy and paleontology: 461, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Human evolution, ancient DNA, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Sedimentologi: 456, sedimentary DNA, paleogenetics, paleogenomics, metabarcoding, metagenomics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Stratigraphy, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Sedimentology: 456, ddc:570, 030304 developmental biology, Earth-Surface Processes, Sedimentary ancient DNA, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Stratigrafi og paleontologi: 461, Geokemi, Ancient DNA, Geochemistry, Paleogenomics, Metagenomics, Paleoecology, Metabarcoding, Environmental science, Sedimentary rock
Abstract: International audience; The use of lake sedimentary DNA to track the long-term changes in both terrestrial and aquatic biota is a rapidly advancing field in paleoecological research. Although largely applied nowadays, knowledge gaps remain in this field and there is therefore still research to be conducted to ensure the reliability of the sedimentary DNA signal. Building on the most recent literature and seven original case studies, we synthesize the state-of-the-art analytical procedures for effective sampling, extraction, amplification, quantification and/or generation of DNA inventories from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) via high-throughput sequencing technologies. We provide recommendations based on current knowledge and best practises.
Published: 2021

24. Revisiting global trends in freshwater insect biodiversity

Author: Florian Altermatt, Alain Maasri, Jens Kiesel, Martin Friedrichs-Manthey, Sonja C. Jähnig, Viktor Baranov, Ralf B. Schäfer, Juergen Geist, Klement Tockner, Michael T. Monaghan, Peter S. Cranston, Jonas Jourdan, Franz Hölker, Sami Domisch, Jani Heino, Gregor Kalinkat, Daniel Hering, Fengzhi He, Jonathan D. Tonkin, Florian Leese, University of Zurich, Jähnig, Sonja C, Baranov, Viktor, 3 Department of Biology II LMU Munich Biocenter Martinsried Germany, Altermatt, Florian, 4 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zürich Switzerland, Cranston, Peter, 6 Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia, Friedrichs‐Manthey, Martin, 1 Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany, Geist, Juergen, 8 Aquatic Systems Biology Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Freising Germany, He, Fengzhi, Heino, Jani, 9 Freshwater Centre Finnish Environment Institute Oulu Finland, Hering, Daniel, 10 Aquatic Ecology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany, Hölker, Franz, Jourdan, Jonas, 11 Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany, Kalinkat, Gregor, Kiesel, Jens, Leese, Florian, 12 Aquatic Ecosystem Research University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany, Maasri, Alain, Monaghan, Michael T., Schäfer, Ralf B., 13 Institute for Environmental Sciences, Quantitative Landscape Ecology University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany, Tockner, Klement, Tonkin, Jonathan D., 15 School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand, and Domisch, Sami
Subjects: insect assemblages, makean veden ekosysteemi, kritiikki, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 333.7 Landflächen, Naturräume für Freizeit und Erholung, Naturreservate, Energie, decrease, Biodiversity, 02 engineering and technology, Oceanography, water quality, decline, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, term research, ddc:590, terrestrinen, pitkäaikainen tutkimus, 2308 Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Abundance (ecology), eroavuudet, 1910 Oceanography, discrepancy, sites, dataset, tolerant species, hyönteisten määrä, insects, freshwater, 020701 environmental engineering, biodiversity, Water Science and Technology, 2212 Ocean Engineering, global trends, abundance, criticism, Biomass (ecology), uhanalaiset lajit, threats, Ecology, 1104 Aquatic Science, freshwater ecosystems, differences, meta-analyysi, Insect biodiversity, long‐term research, ddc, 590 Animals (Zoology), Biologie, long, 577.6, uhat, 0207 environmental engineering, Ocean Engineering, Water and Life, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Biology, Conservation, Management, and Awareness, hyönteisten biodiversiteetti, sensitive species, globaalit trendit, insect abundance, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 2312 Water Science and Technology, long-term research, terrestrial, väheneminen, ddc:333, insect biodiversity, 14. Life underwater, biomassa (ekologia), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biomass, eroavuus, datasetit, globaali väheneminen, 15. Life on land, global decline, vedenlaatu, indicators, biodiversiteetti, meta-analysis, 13. Climate action, havaintopaikat, hyönteiset, 570 Life sciences, biology, makea vesi, Water quality, 2303 Ecology, indikaattorit
Abstract: A recent global meta‐analysis reported a decrease in terrestrial but increase in freshwater insect abundance and biomass (van Klink et al., Science 368, p. 417). The authors suggested that water quality has been improving, thereby challenging recent reports documenting drastic global declines in freshwater biodiversity. We raise two major concerns with the meta‐analysis and suggest that these account for the discrepancy with the declines reported elsewhere. First, total abundance and biomass alone are poor indicators of the status of freshwater insect assemblages, and the observed differences may well have been driven by the replacement of sensitive species with tolerant ones. Second, many of the datasets poorly represent global trends and reflect responses to local conditions or nonrandom site selection. We conclude that the results of the meta‐analysis should not be considered indicative of an overall improvement in the condition of freshwater ecosystems. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness, Relying on abundance or biomass and examining nonrepresentative datasets limits our ability to infer the condition of freshwater insect communities globally. Photo by Jeremy Monroe, Freshwaters Illustrated: a caddisfly larva from an Oregon Coastal stream, USA (Limnephilidae: Dicosmoecus sp.)., Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010606, NSF Macrosystems Biology Program, Leibniz‐Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001664
Published: 2021

25. The differences between the effects of a nano-formulation and a conventional form of atrazine to lettuce

Author: Renato Grillo, Daniel Arenas-Lago, Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh, Martina G. Vijver, Yujia Zhai, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg, Juan Wu, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), University of Vigo, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Subjects: Defence mechanisms, Biomass, nanopesticide, phytotoxicity, medicine.disease_cause, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, herbicide, medicine, oxidative stress, Atrazine, Food science, Defense Mechanisms, Superoxide, nontarget plant, Herbicides, General Chemistry, Nutrients, Pesticide, Lettuce, chemistry, Phytotoxicity, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The rapid development of nanotechnology influences the developments within the agro-sector. An example is provided by the production of nanoenabled pesticides with the intention to optimize the efficiency of the pesticides. At the same time, it is important to collect information on the unintended and unwanted adverse effects of emerging nanopesticides on nontarget plants. Currently, this information is limited. In the present study, we compared the effects of a nanoformulation of atrazine (NPATZ) and the nonencapsulated atrazine formulation (ATZ) on physiological responses, defense mechanisms, and nutrient displacement in lettuce over time with the applied concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3 mg atrazine per kg soil. Our results revealed that both NPATZ and ATZ induced significant decreases in plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and protein content. Additionally, exposure to NPATZ and ATZ caused oxidative stress to the lettuce plant and significantly elevated the activities of the tested ROS scavenger enzymes in plant tissues. These results indicate that NPATZ and ATZ cause distinct adverse impacts on lettuce plants. When comparing the adverse effects in plants after exposure to NPATZ and ATZ, no obvious differences in plant biomass and chlorophyll content were observed between NPATZ and ATZ treatments at the same exposure concentration regardless of exposure duration. An enhanced efficiency of the active ingredient of the nanopesticide as compared to the conventional formulation was observed after long-term exposure to the high concentration of NPATZ, as it induced higher impacts on plants in terms of the end points of the contents of protein, superoxide anion (O2˙-), and MDA, and the activities of stress-related enzymes as compared to the same concentration of ATZ. Furthermore, exposure to both NPATZ and ATZ disrupted the uptake of mineral nutrients in plants, and the differences in the displacement of nutrients between the NPATZ and ATZ treatments depended on the element type, plant organ, exposure concentration, and time. Overall, the application dose of a nanopesticide should balance their increased herbicidal efficiency with the long-term adverse effects in order to maximize the desired impact while minimizing adverse impacts; only then will we be able to understand the potential impact of nanopesticides on the environment. Leiden University Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), P.O. Box 9518 University of Vigo Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, As Lagoas, Marcosende Department of Physics and Chemistry School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1 Department of Physics and Chemistry School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP
Published: 2021

26. Process-based flood risk assessment for Germany

Author: Viet Dung Nguyen, Patric Kellermann, Heidi Kreibich, Bruno Merz, Fabio Brill, Stefan Lüdtke, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Kai Schröter, Tobias Sieg, Nivedita Sairam, Mostafa Farrag, Brill, Fabio, 1 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Section 4.4. Hydrology Potsdam Germany, Sieg, Tobias, 2 Institute for Environmental Sciences and Geography University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany, Farrag, Mostafa, Kellermann, Patric, Nguyen, Viet Dung, Lüdtke, Stefan, Merz, Bruno, Schröter, Kai, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, and Kreibich, Heidi
Subjects: ddc:551.489, multi‐sector risk, Ecology, Process (engineering), risk curves, risk model chain, Environmental sciences, expected annual damage, Risk analysis (engineering), Flood risk assessment, continuous simulation, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, Continuous simulation, GE1-350, Risk curves, Environmental planning, QH540-549.5, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Large‐scale flood risk assessments are crucial for decision making, especially with respect to new flood defense schemes, adaptation planning and estimating insurance premiums. We apply the process‐based Regional Flood Model (RFM) to simulate a 5000‐year flood event catalog for all major catchments in Germany and derive risk curves based on the losses per economic sector. The RFM uses a continuous process simulation including a multisite, multivariate weather generator, a hydrological model considering heterogeneous catchment processes, a coupled 1D–2D hydrodynamic model considering dike overtopping and hinterland storage, spatially explicit sector‐wise exposure data and empirical multi‐variable loss models calibrated for Germany. For all components, uncertainties in the data and models are estimated. We estimate the median Expected Annual Damage (EAD) and Value at Risk at 99.5% confidence for Germany to be €0.529 bn and €8.865 bn, respectively. The commercial sector dominates by making about 60% of the total risk, followed by the residential sector. The agriculture sector gets affected by small return period floods and only contributes to less than 3% to the total risk. The overall EAD is comparable to other large‐scale estimates. However, the estimation of losses for specific return periods is substantially improved. The spatial consistency of the risk estimates avoids the large overestimation of losses for rare events that is common in other large‐scale assessments with homogeneous return periods. Thus, the process‐based, spatially consistent flood risk assessment by RFM is an important step forward and will serve as a benchmark for future German‐wide flood risk assessments., Plain Language Summary: We provide spatially consistent flood risk estimates for the residential, commercial and agricultural sectors of Germany. The Regional Flood Model (RFM) simulates a 5000‐year flood event catalogue from which the flood risk curves are derived based on the losses per economic sector. The RFM is a process‐based model chain, that couples the weather generator providing spatially consistent precipitation fields with the hydrological and hydrodynamic models considering processes such as dike overtopping and hinterland storage. The coherent heterogeneous return period flows result in flood maps consisting of inundation depth and duration. These are intersected with sector specific assets at high spatial resolution. Detailed flood loss models are used to estimate losses. From the risk curves, we estimate the Expected Annual Damage and losses corresponding to a 200‐year return period for Germany to be €0.529 bn and €8.865 bn, respectively. The commercial sector dominates by making about 60% of the total risk, followed by the residential sector. The agriculture sector gets affected by small return period floods and only contributes to less than 3% to the total risk. Owing to the process‐based, spatially consistent approach implemented, our risk estimates for extreme events are more realistic compared to other large‐scale assessments., Key Points: Regional Flood Model provides spatially consistent flood risk estimates for residential, commercial and agriculture sectors for Germany. Flood risk is derived using a 5000‐year event catalog, yielding a realistic representation of risk along with uncertainty quantification. The median Expected Annual Damage and Value At Risk at 99.5% confidence for Germany is estimated to be €0.53 bn and €8.87 bn, respectively., Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
Published: 2021

27. Overview of dendro-archaeological studies in the French Alps: assessing montainous silvicultural practices changes over the last millenium

Author: Labbas, Vincent, Le Roy, Mélanie, shindo, lisa, shindo, lisa, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Cluster of Excellence ROOTS, Kiel University, Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Dendrochronology, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, high altitude, conifer, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, cultural heritage, French Alps, timbers, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; In the French Alps, dendrochronologists are studying timbers used in mountain (rural buildings, mining structures) for about twenty years. 1730 Larch, Spruce Fir, Scots pine and oaks timbers (cores and sections) were tree ring dated at more than a hundred buildings located between 790 and 2356 m a.s.l. Several felling dates clusters were identified, from the 11th c. to the 20th c. Except during the second half of the 14th century, trees were felled during all times, which testifies to an almost continuous activity of buildings’ maintenance, repairs and transformation. The evolution of felled timbers age and diameter over the last ten centuries reveals the forest resources management by rural societies. We show an increase in the age of the trees felled from the 11th to the beginning of the 14th century, up to ca. 250 years old. From the end of the 14th to the beginning of the 20th century, the trees were felled at a median age of 100 years. Moreover, diameters of the used trees used are more or less constant over time (around 20-25 centimeters), because these dimensions are perfectly suited for the (mostly studied) structural elements of mountain constructions.As diameter has remained constant whereas the age of the felled trees has changed, growth conditions have therefore improved over the ten centuries studied. A climatic explanation is difficult to retain for this medieval-modern period discrepancy. Rather, anthropic explanation, impacting silvicultural practices and favoring growth would be a more relevant hypothesis.
Published: 2021

28. Shrub growth in the Alps diverges from air temperature since the 1990s

Author: Francon, Loïc, Corona, Christophe, Till-Bottraud, Irène, Choler, Philippe, Roussel, Erwan, Carlson, Bradley, Morin, Samuel, Girard, Brigitte, Stoffel, Markus, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur les Ecosystèmes d'Altitude (CREA Mont-Blanc), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, program ProXyCliM - CNRS (Mission interdisciplinarite-RNMSH)Austrian Science Fund (FWF)FWF I 4918, ANR-20-CE91-0008,ACOUFOLLOW,ANALYSES DU DYSFONCTIONNEMENT ET DE LA REPARATION DU XYLÈME INDUIT PAR LE GEL CHEZ LES ARBUSTES, LES CONIFÈRES ET LES ARBRES À FEUILLES CADUQUES :(2020), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ddc:333.7-333.9, dendroecology, Rhododendron ferrugineum, shrubs, climate change, topography, alpine, ddc:550, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, divergence
Abstract: In the European Alps, air temperature has increased almost twice as much as the global average over the last century and, as a corollary, snow cover duration has decreased substantially. In the Arctic, dendroecological studies have evidenced that shrub growth is highly sensitive to temperature—this phenomenon has often been linked to shrub expansion and ecosystem greening. Yet, the impacts of climate change on mountain shrub radial growth have not been studied with a comparable level of detail so far. Moreover, dendroecological studies performed in mountain environments did not account for the potential modulation and/or buffering of global warming impacts by topography, despite its possible crucial role in complex alpine environments. To fill this gap, we analyzed a network of eight sites dominated by the dwarf shrub Rhododendron ferrugineum. The sites selected for analysis represent the diversity of continentality, elevation and slope aspect that can be found across the French Alps. We quantified annual radial increment growth for 119 individuals, assembled meteorological reanalyzes specifically accounting for topographic effects (elevation, slope and aspect) and assessed climate-growth relations using a mixed modeling approach. In agreement with a vast majority of dendroecological work conducted in alpine and arctic environments, we find that the number of growing degree days during the snow-free period snow-free growing degree days (SFGDDs) is a strong and consistent driver of R. ferrugineum growth across all sites since 1960 until the late 1980s. We also document a marked loss of sensitivity of radial growth to increasing SFGDD since the 1990s, with this decoupling being more pronounced at the driest sites. Our observations of the spatial and temporal variability of shrub sensitivity to limiting factors can be compared to the ‘divergence' problem observed in tree-ring series from circumpolar and alpine regions and, accordingly, sheds light on possible future trajectories of alpine shrub growth in response to ongoing climate change.
Published: 2021

29. Integrative technology hubs for urban food- energy-water nexuses and cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs (I): Global trend and technology metrics

Author: Bruno Molle, Séverine Tomas, Martin Perrin, Lixing Gu, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Ana Pires, Jia-Wei Lu, Ni-Bin Chang, Edo Abraham, Chelsea Kaandorp, Mengnan Chen, Nick van de Giesen, Rémi Declercq, Andrea Valencia, Jiangxiao Qiu, Léon Conradi, Nassim Ait-Mouheb, Geoffrey Molle, Deborah Dotta, Uzzal Hossain, Qipeng P. Zheng, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), South China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China, Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences [Delft], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ECOFILAE MONTPELLIER FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and ECOSEC MONTPELLIER FRA
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Urban sustainability, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental economics, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, technology hubs integration, 020801 environmental engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, Silo, Food energy, food-energy-water nexus, Business, Cost benefit, Waste Management and Disposal, Nexus (standard), Cost-benefit-risk tradeoff, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; The Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus for urban sustainability needs to be analyzed via an integrative rather than a sectoral or silo approach, reflecting the ongoing transition from separate infrastructure systems to an integrated social-ecological-infrastructure system. As technology hubs can provide food, energy, water resources via decentralized and/or centralized facilities, there is an acute need to optimize FEW infrastructures by considering cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs with respect to multiple sustainability indicators. This paper identifies, categorizes, and analyzes global trends with respect to contemporary FEW technology metrics that highlights the possible optimal integration of a broad spectrum of technology hubs for possible cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs. The challenges related to multiscale and multiagent modeling processes for the simulation of urban FEW systems were discussed with respect to the aspects of scaling-up, optimization process, and risk assessment. Our review reveals that this field is growing at a rapid pace and the previous selection of analytical methodologies, nexus criteria, and sustainability indicators largely depended on individual FEW nexus conditions disparately, and full-scale cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs were very rare. Therefore, the potential full-scale technology integration in three ongoing cases of urban FEW systems in Miami (the United States), Marseille (France), and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) were demonstrated in due purpose finally.
Published: 2021

30. Causal risk and protective factors in rheumatoid arthritis: A genetic update

Author: M. Arleevskaya, A. Novikov, C. Bost, Regina V. Larionova, G. Kazarian, Eduard A. Shuralev, E. Takha, Sergei V. Petrov, Yves Renaudineau, Malik N. Mukminov, A. Valeeva, Kazan Federal University (KFU), Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420049, Russia, Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named After N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Soluble IL-6 receptor, Immunology, Type 2 diabetes, Article, PTPN22, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Mendelian's randomization, Mendelian randomization, Vitamin D and neurology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Risk factor, Rheumatoid arthritis, HLA-DRB1, 030304 developmental biology, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Inflammation, 0303 health sciences, biology, business.industry, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, RC581-607, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Risk factors, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business
Abstract: The characterization of risk and protective factors in complex diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has evolved from epidemiological studies, which test association, to the use of Mendelian randomization approaches, which test direct relationships. Indeed, direct associations with the mucosal origin of RA are retrieved with periodontal disease (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans predominantly), interstitial lung involvement, tobacco smoking and air pollutants. Next, factors directly associated with an acquired immune response include genetic factors (HLA DRB1, PTPN22), capacity to produce anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA), and relatives with a history of autoimmune diseases. Finally, factors can be also classified according to their direct capacity to interfere with the IL-6/CRP/sIL-IL6R proinflammatory pathway as risk factor (body fat, cardiometabolic factors, type 2 diabetes, depressive syndrome) or either as protective factors by controlling of sIL-6R levels (higher education level, and intelligence). Although some co-founders have been characterized (e.g. vitamin D, physical activity, cancer) the direct association with sex-discrepancy, pregnancy, and infections among other factors remains to be better explored., Highlights • Mendelian randomization (MR) infers evidence about direct relations between modifiable risk factors and RA. • MR is less affected by confounding or reverse causation factors than epidemiological studies. • RA direct factor associations are retrieved with the mucosal origin of RA, acquired immune response, and IL-6 pathway. • Some co-founders in RA have been characterized by MR including vitamin D and solid cancers.
Published: 2021

31. Functional trait‐based approaches as a common framework for aquatic ecologists

Author: Philippe Usseglio-Polatera, Nicole Aberle, Lee Karp-Boss, Olivier Gauthier, Emmanuel Castella, Fabien Lombard, Lucie Bittner, Eric Thiébaut, Meike Vogt, Séverine Martini, Floriane Larras, Aurélien Boyé, Lise Bacouillard, Beatrix E. Beisner, Frédéric Maps, Martin Laviale, Michael Danger, Sakina-Dorothée Ayata, Emile Faure, Philippe Archambault, Lars Stemmann, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maine, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), taxpayers, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), LIEC UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, databases, Computer science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Aquatic organisms, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, aquatic ecology, Limnology, ddc:550, 14. Life underwater, oceanography, freshwater, functional trait, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ddc:333.7-333.9, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, limnology, Trait based, Common ground, imaging, marine, Common framework, 15. Life on land, Data science, Trait-based approaches, Knowledge sharing, omics, 13. Climate action, Trait, trait-based approaches, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Functional traits
Abstract: Aquatic ecologists face challenges in identifying the general rules of the functioning of ecosystems. A common framework, including freshwater, marine, benthic, and pelagic ecologists, is needed to bridge communication gaps and foster knowledge sharing. This framework should transcend local specificities and taxonomy in order to provide a common ground and shareable tools to address common scientific challenges. Here, we advocate the use of functional trait-based approaches (FTBAs) for aquatic ecologists and propose concrete paths to go forward. Firstly, we propose to unify existing definitions in FTBAs to adopt a common language. Secondly, we list the numerous databases referencing functional traits for aquatic organisms. Thirdly, we present a synthesis on traditional as well as recent promising methods for the study of aquatic functional traits, including imaging and genomics. Finally, we conclude with a highlight on scientific challenges and promising venues for which FTBAs should foster opportunities for future research. By offering practical tools, our framework provides a clear path forward to the adoption of trait-based approaches in aquatic ecology. ISSN:0024-3590 ISSN:1939-5590
Published: 2021

32. Upslope migration of snow avalanches in a warming climate

Author: Giacona, Florie, Eckert, Nicolas, Corona, Christophe, MAINIERI, Robin, Morin, Samuel, Stoffel, Markus, Martin, Brice, NAAIM, Mohamed, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre de recherches sur les économies, les sociétés, les arts et les techniques - CRESAT - UR3436 (CRESAT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Département AQUA (AQUA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Département Ecosystèmes aquatiques, ressources en eau et risques - INRAE (AQUA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Social Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Sustainability Science, cryosphere, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, natural hazards, climate change, historical data, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences, hierarchical Bayesian modeling, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, human activities, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Significance Snow avalanches represent a major threat in mountain environments, where they cause damage to critical infrastructure and claim hundreds of lives every year. Here, we document an unambiguous upslope migration of snow avalanches with climate change, a physical mechanism whose existence could previously not be demonstrated. In the Vosges Mountains, we show evidence that winter warming of +1.35 °C induced a sevenfold reduction in the number of avalanches, as well as a reduction of their magnitude and shortening of the avalanche season. These results show that low-to-medium elevation mountain ranges may serve as sentinels to anticipate future changes in snow processes and related risks in higher mountain environments and could thus help in the design of efficient adaptation strategies., Snow is highly sensitive to atmospheric warming. However, because of the lack of sufficiently long snow avalanche time series and statistical techniques capable of accounting for the numerous biases inherent to sparse and incomplete avalanche records, the evolution of process activity in a warming climate remains little known. Filling this gap requires innovative approaches that put avalanche activity into a long-term context. Here, we combine extensive historical records and Bayesian techniques to construct a 240-y chronicle of snow avalanching in the Vosges Mountains (France). We show evidence that the transition from the late Little Ice Age to the early twentieth century (i.e., 1850 to 1920 CE) was not only characterized by local winter warming in the order of +1.35 °C but that this warming also resulted in a more than sevenfold reduction in yearly avalanche numbers, a severe shrinkage of avalanche size, and shorter avalanche seasons as well as in a reduction of the extent of avalanche-prone terrain. Using a substantial corpus of snow and climate proxy sources, we explain this abrupt shift with increasingly scarcer snow conditions with the low-to-medium elevations of the Vosges Mountains (600 to 1,200 m above sea level [a.s.l.]). As a result, avalanches migrated upslope, with only a relict activity persisting at the highest elevations (release areas >1,200 m a.s.l.). This abrupt, unambiguous response of snow avalanche activity to warming provides valuable information to anticipate likely changes in avalanche behavior in higher mountain environments under ongoing and future warming.
Published: 2021

33. Tackling inconsistencies among freshwater invertebrate trait databases: harmonising across continents and aggregating taxonomic resolution

Author: Charles P. Hawkins, Leon Metzeling, Ralf B. Schäfer, Christoph D. Matthaei, N. LeRoy Poff, Laura A. Twardochleb, Wolfram Graf, Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber, Stefan Kunz, Philippe Usseglio-Polatera, Ben J. Kefford, Institute of Environmental Sciences [Landau], University of Koblenz-Landau, University of Canberra, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Environment Protection Authority Victoria (EPA ), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, and Utah State University (USU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Data synthesis, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geography, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Evolutionary biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Taxonomic resolution, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Invertebrate
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

34. Self‐stated recovery from flooding: Empirical results from a survey in Central Vietnam

Author: Hudson, Paul, Pham, My, Hagedoorn, Liselotte, Thieken, Annegret, Lasage, Ralph, Bubeck, Philip, Pham, My, 2 Centre for Social Research and Development Hue City Vietnam, Hagedoorn, Liselotte, 3 Institute for Environmental Studies VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands, Thieken, Annegret, 1 Institute for Environmental Sciences and Geography University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany, Lasage, Ralph, and Bubeck, Philip
Subjects: societal equity, flood recovery, lcsh:Disasters and engineering, parasitic diseases, vulnerability, lcsh:TC530-537, 333.7, lcsh:TA495, resilience, lcsh:River protective works. Regulation. Flood control
Abstract: Social inequalities lead to flood resilience inequalities across social groups, a topic that requires improved documentation and understanding. The objective of this paper is to attend to these differences by investigating self‐stated flood recovery across genders in Vietnam as a conceptual replication of earlier results from Germany. This study employs a regression‐based analysis of 1,010 respondents divided between a rural coastal and an urban community in Thua Thien‐Hue province. The results highlight an important set of recovery process‐related variables. The set of relevant variables is similar across genders in terms of inclusion and influence, and includes age, social capital, internal and external support after a flood, perceived severity of previous flood impacts, and the perception of stress‐resilience. However, women were affected more heavily by flooding in terms of longer recovery times, which should be accounted for in risk management. Overall, the studied variables perform similarly in Vietnam and Germany. This study, therefore, conceptually replicates previous results suggesting that women display slightly slower recovery levels as well as that psychological variables influence recovery rates more than adverse flood impacts. This provides an indication of the results' potentially robust nature due to the different socio‐environmental contexts in Germany and Vietnam.
Published: 2020

35. Phylogeography of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), in southeastern Europe and Anatolia

Author: Andrzej Furman, Emrah Çoraman, Ahmet Karataş, Bilgin Raşit, Bilgin, R., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey -- Furman, A., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey -- Çoraman, E., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey -- Karataş, A., Department of Biology, Nigde University, 51100 Nigde, Turkey, and 0-Belirlenecek
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Rhinolophus, biology, Ecology, Range (biology), Population, Allopatric speciation, Zoology, Ice age, Rhinolophus euryale, Horseshoe bat, biology.organism_classification, Mitochondrial DNA, Phylogeography, Chiroptera, Animal Science and Zoology, Anatolia, D-loop, education, Isolation by distance
Abstract: The mitochondrial genetic differentiation of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853, was investigated in southeastern Europe and Anatolia. Mitochondrial DNA tRNA-proline and control region sequences were used for the analyses. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses, two reciprocally monophyletic clades were found with very high support. The results suggested that secondary contact after allopatric differentiation in separate glacial refugia, and subsequent range expansion was the best explanation regarding the evolutionary history of this species in the region. The geographical distribution of the haplotypes also suggested that the Balkans and the Black Sea could be representing refugia from which the region was populated. There also was evidence for population expansion following a pattern of isolation by distance, with geographically more distant samples also being genetically more differentiated. © Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS.
Published: 2008

36. Dating of rockfall damage in trees yields insights into meteorological triggers of process activity in the French Alps

Author: Jérôme Lopez Saez, Robin Mainieri, Christophe Corona, Franck Bourrier, Stoffel Markus, Nicolas Eckert, Julien Chartoire, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], MEDDE, the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, Labex OSUG@2020, ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, and Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva
Subjects: Future studies, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, triggering factors, Process (engineering), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 01 natural sciences, Rockfall, Process dynamics, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ddc:550, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, dendrogeomorphic analyses, French Alps, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, ddc:333.7-333.9, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, rockfall, snow and weather reanalyses, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Snowmelt, Environmental science, Physical geography
Abstract: International audience; Rockfall release is a rather unpredictable process. As a result, the occurrence of rockfall often threatens humans and (infra)structures. The assessment of potential drivers of rockfall activity therefore remains a major challenge, even if the relative influence of rainfall, snowmelt, or freeze thaw cycles has long been identified in short‐term monitoring projects. In the absence of longer‐term assessments of rockfall triggers and possible changes thereof, our knowledge of rockfall dynamics remains still lacunary as a result of the persisting scarcity of exhaustive and precise rockfall databases. Over the last decades, several studies have employed growth disturbances (GDs) in tree‐ring series to reconstruct rockfall activity. Paradoxically, these series were only rarely compared to meteorological records. In this study, we capitalize on the homogeneity of a centennial‐old reforestation plot to develop two reconstructions – R1 including only growth suppressions, and R2 based on injuries – with limited biases related to decreasing sample size and changes in exposed diameters back in time. By doing so, our study also and quite clearly highlights the large potential that protection forests have in terms of yielding reliable, multidecadal rockfall reconstructions. From a methodological perspective, we find no synchronicity between R1 and R2, as well as an absence of meteorological controls on rockfall processes in R1. This observation pleads for a careful selection of GDs in future reconstructions. In terms of process dynamics, we demonstrate that summer intense rainfall events (>10 mm day−1) are the main drivers for rockfall activity at our study site. Despite the stringency of our detection procedure, correlations between rockfall activity and meteorological variables remain comparable to those reported in previous studies, as a result of the complexity and multiplicity of triggering factors. We therefore call for a more systematic coupling of tree‐ring analysis with rockfall and microclimatic monitoring in future studies. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2020

37. Impacts of land-cover changes on snow avalanche activity in the French Alps

Author: Pauline Morel, Adrien Favillier, Taline Zgheib, Nicolas Eckert, Mélanie Saulnier, Jérôme Lopez-Saez, Markus Stoffel, Jean-Luc Peiry, Robin Mainieri, Christophe Corona, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA DENDROLAB.CH GENEVA CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of forest ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, Irstea, Universite Grenoble Alpes, French government IDEX-ISITE initiative : 16-IDEX-0001 (CAP 20-25), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Land cover, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Land cover changes, Forest cover, ddc:550, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Afforestation, Tree-ring analysis, French Alps, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:333.7-333.9, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Global warming, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Snow, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Environmental science, Physical geography, Snow avalanches
Abstract: International audience; Dendrogeomorphic analyses provide long and continuous chronologies of mass movements that are useful for the detection of trends related to climate change. Socio-environmental changes can, however, induce non-stationarities. This study addresses the following questions: (1) How does the evolution of forest cover induce non-stationarities in tree-ring based reconstructions of snow avalanche activity? (2) How are trends inherent to tree-ring approaches distinguishable from real fluctuations in avalanche activity? Using dendrogeomorphic techniques, we reconstructed snow avalanches in six adjacent paths in the French Alps. Results show two distinct trends in process activity between 1750 and 2016. In the southern paths, the frequency of snow avalanches increased sharply in the 1970s. The distribution of tree ages, as well as old topographic maps, allow an attribution of this trend to the destruction of large parts of the forest stand by a large snow avalanche in the 1910-20 s. This extreme event induced a sudden change in the capability of newly colonizing trees to record subsequent snow avalanches. In the northern paths, by contrast, progressive afforestation starting in the mid-19th century, as well as colonization of the release areas after World War II, resulted in a strong reduction in snow avalanche activity since the 1930s. Even if global warming remains a possible additional driver of snow avalanche activity at the study sites, the rural exodus and the abatement of pastoral practices during the 19th and 20th centuries are the main explanations for the observed trends in process activity. Results also illustrate a need to clarify the complex interrelations among forest evolution, global warming, social practices, and the process activity itself when interpreting trends in mass movements. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Published: 2020

38. Integrative technology hubs for urban food- energy-water nexuses and cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs (II): Design strategies for urban sustainability View supplementary material

Author: Chang, Ni-Bin, Hossain, Uzzal, Valencia, Andrea, Qiu, Jiangxiao, Zheng, Qipeng, Gu, Lixing, Chen, Mengnan, Lu, Jia-Wei, Pires, Ana, Kaandorp, Chelsea, Abraham, Edo, ten Veldhuis, Marie-Claire, Van De Giesen, Nick, Molle, Bruno, Tomas, Séverine, Ait-Mouheb, Nassim, Dotta, Deborah, Declercq, Rémi, Perrin, Martin, Conradi, Léon, Mollé, Geoffrey, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), South China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China, Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences [Delft], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ECOFILAE MONTPELLIER FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and ECOSEC MONTPELLIER FRA
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Technology hubs integration, Cost-benefit-risk tradeoff, Food-Energy-Water nexus
Published: 2020

39. Assembling and testing a generic phenological model to predict Lobesia botrana voltinism for impact studies

Author: Jérôme Moreau, P. Calanca, I. Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Victorine Castex, Martin Beniston, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroscope, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ernst and Lucie Schmidheiny Foundation from Geneva.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Photoperiod, Lobesia botrana, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Altitude, Overwintering, Generic phenological modelling, biology, Ecology, business.industry, Phenology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Global warming, Voltinism, Pest control, Temperature, biology.organism_classification, Process-based model, PEST analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 13 pages; International audience; The physiological development of insect pests is driven by temperature and photoperiod. Geographic variations in the speed of growth reflect current patterns in thermal conditions as a function of latitude and altitude. Global warming will likely lead to shifts in pests’ phenology. Insects are expected to overwinter earlier and develop more generations, with implications for the risks of damage to agricultural crops. Understanding and monitoring of the voltinism of insect pests will be increasingly important to anticipate critical phases of pest development and devise options for adapting pest control measures. In this study, we describe a new generic phenological model that allows to reproduce the voltinism of Lobesia botrana, a major insect pest that affect grapevine production (Vitis vinifera L.) worldwide.Inspired by existing models, the Lobesia Generic Model (LGM) combines two submodels representing the overwintering period and the dates of flight of subsequent generations of male insects. This model uses a unique Beta function for representing the temperature responses of both the overwintering generation as well as the adult generations. The results indicate that LGM is able to simulate L. botrana voltinism under climatic conditions ranging from those observed in Southern Spain to those recorded in the Alsace region (France). The LGM only requires a single set of parameters valid for all the generations with a precision of around 7 days (RMSE), allowing a simple use with parameters representative of natural behaviour and found in the existing literature.
Published: 2020

40. Potentiel dendrochronologique des ligneux bas (R. ferrugineum, J. communis) pour la connaissance des changements environnementaux en milieu pyrénéen : le cas du Haut-Vicdessos

Author: Francon, Loïc, Corona, Christophe, Roussel, Erwan, Lopez Saez, Jérôme, Saulnier, Mélanie, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Department of Forest Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), CNRS UMR 5602 GEODE, ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Lerigoleur, Emilie, Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux - - DRIIHM / IRDHEI2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0010 - LABX - VALID, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, déprise, changement climatique, OHM Pyrenees, dendroécologie, Labex DRIIHM, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Juniperus communis, Rhododendron ferrugineum L, dendrométrie, ligneux bas
Abstract: National audience; Depuis le maximum démographique du milieu du XIX siècle, les milieux montagnards connaissent des mutations très rapides liées aux impacts conjoints de la déprise agro-sylvo-pastorale et du réchauffement climatique. Dans l’observatoire Homme-Milieu Pyrénées-Haut Vicdessos, le caractère marginal des activités pastorales durant la phase de plein emploi liée à l’activité industrielle (XX° siècle) interfère avec la hausse des températures moyennes pour expliquer la fermeture rapide des paysages observée depuis le milieu du XX° siècle. Celle-ci se traduit par une afforestation rapide des versants dès la fin des années 1950. Dans ce contexte, sur la base d’une approche dendrochronologique mise en œuvre conjointement sur les peuplements forestiers de haute altitude mais également sur les ligneux bas, notre étude vise à (1) caractériser les patrons spatio-temporels de la recolonisation ligneuse avec une résolution annuelle par la datation - au moyen de méthodes dendrochronologiques - des ligneux hauts et bas ; (2) cerner l’influence de la déprise agro-sylvo-pastorale dans la dynamique de recolonisation ; (iii) mettre en évidence l’impact des fluctuations climatiques sur l’expansion et la croissance radiale des ligneux. Pour cela, plusieurs individus de rhododendrons, genévriers et pins ont été prélevés, datés et analysés.Nos résultats mettent en évidence que les ligneux haut et bas ont colonisé quasi simultanément le versant échantillonné en accord avec le pic de colonisation en 1950 mis en évidence par les études polliniques. La comparaison cerne-climat révèle que les genévriers sont plus sensibles aux températures estivales que les pins, ces deux espèces bénéficiant largement de la hausse des températures. Les ligneux bas, contrairement aux arbres, sont sensibles à l’enneigement, une date de déneigement tardive impactant négativement leur croissance. Cependant, le rhododendron se montre beaucoup moins sensible au climat régional mais est probablement davantage impacté par le microclimat et par les événements extrêmes de sécheresse ou de gel. Des résultats préliminaires issus d’analyses dendrométriques et microclimatiques montrent qu’à quelques mètres de distances, les conditions microclimatiques différent significativement ainsi que la croissance radiale des individus de rhododendrons instrumentés.
Published: 2020

41. Key questions for next-generation of biomonitoring

Author: Makiola, Andreas, Compson, Zacchaeus G., Baird, Donald J, Barnes, Matthew, Boerlijst, Sam P, Bouchez, Agnes, Brennan, Georgina, Bush, Alex, Canard, Elsa, Cordier, Tristan, Creer, Simon, Curry, Allen, Dumbrell, Alex J, Gravel, Dominique, Hajibabaei, Mehrdad, van Der Hoorn, Berry, Jarne, Philippe, Jones, J.Iwan, Karimi, Battle, Keck, François, Kelly, Martyn, Knot, Ineke, Krol, Louie, Massol, François, Monk, Wendy A., Murphy, John, Pawlowski, Jan, Poisot, Timothée, M. Porter, Teresita, C. Randall, Kate, Ransome, Emma, Ravigné, Virginie, Raybould, Alan, Robin, Stephane, Schrama, Maarten, Schatz, Bertrand, Tamaddoni- Nezhad, Alireza, Trimbos, Krijn B., Vacher, Corinne, Vasselon, Valentin, Wood, Susie, Woodward, Guy, Bohan, David, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environment and Climate Change Canada @ Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, NB, Canada, Centre for Environmental Genomics Applications, St. John’s, NL, Canada, Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Canadian Rivers Institute, Biology, Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom, Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie - Université de Sherbrooke - Canada, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre for Biodiversity Genomics and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, Bowburn Consultancy, Durham, United Kingdom, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam The Netherlands, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada, Imperial College London, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland, School of Social and Political Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA Paris-Saclay), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Surrey (UNIS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité, Pôle R&D ECLA, Évian-les-Bains, France, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands, CARRTEL, USMB, INRA, Thonon-les-Bains, France, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Science III, Geneva, Switzerland, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), and BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac, France
Subjects: metabarcoding, ecological networkseDNA, ecological networks, eDNA, artificial intelligence, biodiversity assessment, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Classical biomonitoring techniques have focused primarily on measures linked tovarious biodiversity metrics and indicator species. Next-generation biomonitoring (NGB)describes a suite of tools and approaches that allow the examination of a broaderspectrum of organizational levels—from genes to entire ecosystems. Here, we frame10 key questions that we envisage will drive the field of NGB over the next decade. Whilenot exhaustive, this list covers most of the key challenges facing NGB, and provides thebasis of the next steps for research and implementation in this field. These questionshave been grouped into current- and outlook-related categories, corresponding to theorganization of this paper.
Published: 2020

42. A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space

Author: Ramiro de Campos, Julia Ramos Miranda, Sandrine Pavoine, Sylvain Dolédec, Joshua Adam Drew, David Mouillot, Elizabeth C. Lowe, Robin J. Pakeman, Willem Renema, Heloise Gibb, Nicole J. de Voogd, Sen-Her Shieh, Triin Reitalu, Stéphane Chantepie, Jan Żarnowiec, Guillaume Fried, Roel van Klink, Núria Bonada, Sébastien Villéger, Daniel F. R. Cleary, Anthony Eallonardo, Damian Chmura, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, William K. Cornwell, Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Martin J. Westgate, Valérie Raevel, Cédric Frenette-Dussault, Frank Dziock, Cajo J. F. ter Braak, Alienor Jeliazkov, Nadia Barsoum, Adrià López-Baucells, Philippe Choler, Darko Mijatovic, Anik Brind'Amour, Michal Stanko, Helena Castro, Mark C. Urban, Belinda Gallardo, Maxim Zolotarev, Francesco Pomati, Alessandro Ossola, Andrés Mellado-Díaz, Luc Barbaro, Raphaël Arlettaz, R.M.A. Wegman, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Melanie J. Edgar, Alena Bartonova, Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro, Nigel R. Andrew, Burak K. Pekin, Myles H. M. Menz, Karen M. Chong-Seng, Joan Pino, Jonathan M. Chase, Elena Belskaya, Jean-Yves Humbert, Ignacio Ribera, Oliver Purschke, Koenraad Martens, Arnaud Pocheville, Jonas O. Wolff, Boris R. Krasnov, Peter Poschlod, Ricardo Rocha, Peter Meffert, Domingo Flores Hernandez, Rebecca Spake, A. Cormont, Janet Higuti, Rodrigo Assis de Carvalho, Eric Le Saux, Natalie Robinson, Zoë Lindo, Fábio Z. Farneda, Honor C. Prentice, Bryndís Marteinsdóttir, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, German Research Foundation, Fédération Île de France de Recherche en Environnement, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Swiss National Science Foundation, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Alice Holt Research Station, Forest Research [Great Britain], University of South Bohemia, Grup de Recerca 'Freshwater Biology and Management' (FEM), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Forest Research, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Applied and Restoration Ecology Group, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, Department of Ecology, State University of Maringá, Ramon Science Center and Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Sydney, Universität Regensburg (REGENSBURG), Universität Regensburg, Lund University [Lund], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (PRIF), Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of New England (UNE), Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland], University of Bern, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat - Biodiversity Research Institute [Barcelona, Spain] (IRBio UB), Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona, Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), University of Bielsko-Biala, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), Centro de Estudos do Ambiante e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Wageningen Environmental Research, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre [UNSW Sydney], School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Sydney] (BEES), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)-University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Laboratorio de Ictiología, Instituto Nacional de Limnología [Santa Fe] (INALI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL), Universidade Estadual de Maringà (UEM), Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), Leiden University, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), State University of New York (SUNY), Dresden University of Applied Sciences, OBG, Part of Ramboll, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Institut de Recherches en Biologie Végétale [Montréal] (IRBV), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Unité entomologie et plantes invasives, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), La Trobe University [Melbourne], Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Granollers, Macquarie University [Sydney], The soil conservation service of Iceland (SCSI), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Imprint, Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología. Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Murcia. 30100 Murcia. Spain, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Salford, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), The James Hutton Institute, Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü = Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences [Istanbul] (AYBE), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), University of Regensburg, Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, National ecological observatory network, University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Boulder], University of Southampton, Providence University, School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Lódź, Institute of Parasitology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Zoology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centro de Biologia Aquática, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Biometris, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University (ANU), This work was funded by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (funded by the German Research Foundation, DFG FZT 118). We thank Jitendra Gaikwad for his precious help with the technical aspects of the database storage and management through the iDiv Biodiversity Portal (https://idata.idiv.de/, https://doi.org/10.25829/idiv.286-21-2695) and the iDiv IT Support for their help in the CESTES website development (https://icestes.github.io/).The datasets provided by A. Jeliazkov were collected with financial support from the Federation d'Ile-de-France pour la Recherche en Environnement (FIRE FR-3020). The dataset provided by R. Carvalho and F.L. Tejerina-Garro had financial support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq No. 471283/2006-1) granted to FLTG. The datasets provided by R. van Klink, J.-Y. Humbert, R. Arlettaz and M.H. M. Menz were collected with financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 31003A_125398/2 and 31003A_149656) awarded to RA., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre for Functional ecology, Universiteit Leiden, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Unité entomologie et plantes invasives (LSV Montpellier), Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, VARIABLES, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Biodiversiteit en Beleid, Taxonomic rank, PLANT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS, lcsh:Science, Macroecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Database, Ecology, Statistics, Community structure, Plants, PE&RC, Biota, Computer Science Applications, Geography, Biometris, Trait, LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, Information Systems, Metacommunity, Statistics and Probability, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Life on Land, Ecology (disciplines), BIOLOGICAL TRAITS, MODELS, Library and Information Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, Biodiversity and Policy, Life history theory, Education, Database management, ddc:570, Animals, Life Science, Community ecology, Author Correction, Gestió de bases de dades, SPERMONDE-ARCHIPELAGO, Community, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Biodiversitat, Research data, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dades de recerca, lcsh:Q, Probability and Uncertainty, BIODIVERSITY, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, RESPONSES
Abstract: The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database for metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; “CESTES”. Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology., This work was funded by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (funded by the German Research Foundation; DFG FZT 118). We thank Jitendra Gaikwad for his precious help with the technical aspects of the database storage and management through the iDiv Biodiversity Portal (https://idata.idiv.de/, https://doi.org/10.25829/idiv.286-21-2695) and the iDiv IT Support for their help in the CESTES website development (https://icestes.github.io/). The datasets provided by A. Jeliazkov were collected with financial support from the Fédération d’Ile-de-France pour la Recherche en Environnement (FIRE FR-3020). The dataset provided by R. Carvalho and F.L. Tejerina-Garro had financial support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq No. 471283/2006-1) granted to FLTG. The datasets provided by R. van Klink, J.-Y. Humbert, R. Arlettaz and M.H.M. Menz were collected with financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 31003A_125398/2 and 31003A_149656) awarded to RA.
Published: 2020

43. Apports de la dendrogéomorphologie pour la connaissance de l’évolution de l’aléa rocheux dans les Préalpes françaises calcaires

Author: Robin Mainieri, Franck Bourrier, Jérôme Lopez-Saez, Christophe Corona, Nicolas Eckert, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Projet national C2ROP (Chutes de blocs, Risques Rocheux, Ouvrage de protection) soutenu par le ministère français de l’Écologie, du Développement durable et de l’Énergie ., ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Préalpes françaises calcaires, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, meteorological triggers, statistiques, rockfall, General Medicine, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, aléa rocheux, dendrogeomorphology, 13. Climate action, statistics, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, dendrogéomorphologie, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, facteurs météorologiques, climate and environmental changes, changements climatiques et environnementaux, calcareous French Alps, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Over the past two decades, several studies have highlighted the consequences of climate change on rockfall frequency in glaciated cliffs. At lower elevations, scarce and incomplete existing inventories have not identified a significant impact of temperature increases. In this work, we used a dendrogeomorphological approach, based on analyses of growth disturbances in tree rings, to reconstruct the past activity of rockfall on two forested slopes in the calcareous French Alps (Vercors and Diois massifs). This work proposes a clear methodological guideline to optimize sampling strategies and to precisely quantify uncertainties in dendrogeomorphic reconstructions back in time. Our results clearly evidence that the high-resolution mapping of stems combined with a careful selection of tree-species improve the robustness of our reconstructions. In agreement with the literature, the comparison of dendrogeomorphological reconstructions with SAFRAN meteorological reanalyses evidence that summer precipitations and intense rainfall-events are the main drivers for rockfall activity at both sites. However, no significant impact of temperatures or freeze–thaw cycles could be detected. In order to investigate potential impacts of global warming on rockfall activity, we compare decadal fluctuations in both tree-ring records with climatic series available for the period 1959–2017. In the Vercors massif, we explain increasing rockfall activity observed since 1959 by a rapid forest recolonization and the over-representation of young sensitive trees in the tree-ring reconstruction rather than by climate change. In the Diois massif, the absence of significant trend suggests that a premature warning of increasing rockfall hazard is not supported by the existing data. Yet, the weak robustness of the multiple regression models used here, the limited increase of temperature at the study sites and the incompleteness of our tree-ring reconstructions suggest that these results have to be treated considered with caution.; Depuis deux décennies, de nombreuses publications scientifiques ont mis en évidence les impacts du changement climatique sur la fréquence des chutes de pierres dans les parois englacées de haute altitude. À plus basse altitude, les inventaires rares et incomplets existants n’ont pas permis d’identifier un impact significatif de l’augmentation des températures. Dans ce travail, nous avons utilisé une approche dendrogéomorphologique, basée sur l’étude des perturbations dans les cernes de croissance des arbres, pour reconstituer l’activité passée des chutes de pierres sur deux versants forestiers des Préalpes françaises calcaires (massifs du Vercors et du Diois). Les incertitudes liées à la diminution du nombre d’arbres dans le temps ont été précisément quantifiées grâce à un inventaire forestier exhaustif et à une cartographie à haute résolution du peuplement forestier. En accord avec la littérature, la comparaison des reconstitutions dendrogéomorphologiques avec les réanalyses météorologiques SAFRAN montre que les précipitations estivales et les évènements pluvieux intenses sont les principaux facteurs qui conditionnent l’activité de l’aléa sur les deux sites. En revanche, aucun impact significatif des températures ou des cycles de gel–dégel n’a pu être détecté. À l’échelle décennale (60 dernières années), nous expliquons l’augmentation apparente de l’activité des chutes de pierres depuis 1959 dans le Vercors par la recolonisation forestière rapide de la parcelle étudiée au cours des dernières décennies et par une sur-représentation des jeunes arbres, plus sensibles aux impacts. Dans le massif du Diois, l’absence de tendance dans la reconstitution dendrogéomorphologique au cours des dernières décennies suggère que le réchauffement climatique n’a pas eu d’impact sur la fréquence de l’aléa à basse altitude. Cependant, le nombre réduit de sites et la robustesse limitée des analyses statistiques développées suggèrent que ces résultats doivent être interprétés avec prudence et devront nécessairement être répliqués dans le futur afin de conclure définitivement quant à l’absence de réponse au réchauffement de l’aléa rocheux dans les zones de basse altitude des préalpes calcaires.
Published: 2020

44. The Laser Lightning Rod project

Author: Mohammad Azadifar, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Michel Moret, Thomas Produit, Thomas Metzger, Walter Haas, Farhad Rachidi, Gilles Fournier, André Mysyrowicz, Ugo Andral, Pierre Walch, Yves-Bernard André, Knut Michel, Marcos Rubinstein, Jérôme Kasparian, Bruno Esmiller, Antonio Sunjerga, Aurélien Houard, Jean-Pierre Wolf, Peter Krötz, Benoît Mahieu, Clemens Herkommer, Group of Applied Physics [Geneva] (GAP), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Interaction Laser-Matière (ILM), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TRUMPF Scientific Lasers GmbH, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory (EMC LAB), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Information and Communication technologies, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Swisscom Broadcast AG, ArianeGroup, André Mysyrowicz Consultants, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), European Project: 737033,LLR, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Technische Universität München [München] (TUM)
Subjects: Nonlinear optics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Laser, High power density, ddc:500.2, Paratonnerre, 01 natural sciences, LLR, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, Filamentation, law, The Laser Lightning Rod project, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation, Lightning protection, Field campaign, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:333.7-333.9, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Lightning rod, Condensed Matter Physics, Lightning, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Environmental science, Femtosecond lasers, business, Filamentation laser
Abstract: International audience; Lightning is highly destructive due to its high power density and unpredictable character. Directing lightning away would allow to protect sensitive sites from its direct and indirect impacts (electromagnetic perturbations). Up to now, lasers have been unable to guide lightning efficiently since they were not offering simultaneously terawatt peak powers and kHz repetition rates. In the framework of the Laser Lightning Rod project, we develop a laser system for lightning control, with J-range pulses of 1ps duration at 1kHz. The project aims at investigating its propagation in the multiple filamentation regime and its ability to control high-voltage discharges. In particular, a field campaign at the S ̈antis mountain will assess the laser ability to trigger upward lightning.
Published: 2020
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45. Évaluation quantitative du risque rocheux : de la formalisation à l’application sur les zones urbanisées ou urbanisables

Author: Jérôme Lopez-Saez, Nicolas Eckert, Christophe Corona, David Toe, Manon Farvacque, Franck Bourrier, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Région Rhône-Alpes (ARC Environnement 3), Projet national C2ROP (Chutes de blocs,Risques Rocheux, Ouvrages de Protection), Labex OSUG@2020, Projet Irstea ZORRINO (Zonage réglementaire du risque en montagne par optimisation des pertes), ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Geneva [Switzerland]
Subjects: 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, risk measures, 01 natural sciences, changements environnementaux, chutes de blocs, rockfalls, 13. Climate action, environmental changes, 11. Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, mesures de risque, analyse quantitative du risque, quantitative risk analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Rockfall events represent a major hazard in mountainous areas endangering human lives, transportation infrastructures, industries and housings. Abundant literature reports fatalities around the world, demonstrating that local communities and public authorities face difficulties for preventing the risk related to rockfalls. In this context, quantitative analysis of rockfall risk (QRA) has become crucial for stakeholders when planning and implementing urban developments. However, in practice, the quantitative estimation of rockfall risk remains challenging. For this purpose, this paper aims at reinforcing the basis of rockfall risk quantification. The practicability and interest of our procedure is illustrated on a real case study, i.e. the municipality of Crolles, in the French Alps. The influence of a non-stationary context and alternative measures of risk adapted to land use planning choices under different short-term/long-term constraints, are also investigated.; Les chutes de blocs représentent un aléa majeur dans les zones montagneuses, menaçant infrastructures collectives, zones urbanisée et vies humaines. Les conséquences de ces événements peuvent être importantes pour les collectivités locales ainsi que les pouvoirs publics, qui restent démunis en matière de méthode de diagnostic et d’analyse du risque. Dans ce contexte, l’évaluation du risque rocheux par une approche de type QRA (quantitative risk assessment) est devenue incontournable pour l’aménagement des territoires de montagne et le choix des stratégies destinées à réduire le risque. Cependant, en pratique, la QRA reste peu utilisée et développée. À cet égard, cet article propose de renforcer les bases formelles du calcul du risque dans le domaine des chutes de blocs et démontre sa faisabilité sur des zones urbanisées/ urbanisables. Les effets de la non stationnarité du phénomène, et l’apport de nouvelles mesures de risque permettant les arbitrages court terme/long terme, sont également abordés. Le potentiel de l’approche est illustré par le cas d’étude réel de la commune de Crolles, dans les Alpes françaises.
Published: 2020

46. Reaction pathways, kinetics and toxicity assessment during the photocatalytic degradation of glyphosate and myclobutanil pesticides: Influence of the aqueous matrix

Author: Ricki R. Rosenfeldt, Nicolas Keller, Frank Seitz, Patricia García-Muñoz, Bernd Altmayer, Ralf Schulz, Werner Dachtler, Didier Robert, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dienstleistungszentren Landlicher Raum Rheinland-Pfalz (DLR), Institute of Environmental Sciences [Landau], University of Koblenz-Landau, Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Keller, Nicolas, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, Myclobutanil, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, oxidation pathway, chemistry.chemical_compound, glyphosate, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Organic matter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Aqueous solution, [SDV.TOX.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [CHIM.CATA] Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, General Chemistry, Mineralization (soil science), [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Pesticide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Acute toxicity, 0104 chemical sciences, myclobutanil, waste water matrix effect, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [CHIM.OTHE] Chemical Sciences/Other, Glyphosate, Environmental chemistry, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Ecotoxicity, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, photocatalysis
Abstract: International audience; Assessment of reaction pathways, kinetics and water toxicity during the photocatalytic degradation of glyphosate and myclobutanil pesticides has been performed in different aqueous matrices of increasing complexity, from the single pesticides to the mix of their commercial formulations. Using Aeroxide® TiO2-P25 as reference UV-A (Ultraviolet A) light photocatalyst, the ability of photocatalysis to degrade glyphosate and myclobutanil pesticides in water was evidenced independently of the aqueous matrix complexity, complete mineralization into CO2, phosphate and chloride ions being achieved. Further, an unusual volcano-like TOC evolution profile resulting from the proposed glyphosate degradation pathway was observed whatever the aqueous matrix. Increasing the water matrix complexity from single pesticides to the commercial formulation mix reduced the degradation kinetics and consequently extended the time necessary for complete mineralization but, did not influence the overall pesticide fate profiles. This behavior was associated to the competitive adsorption of the organic matter onto the catalyst and to the presence of ions and inorganic matter. The co-presence of glyphosate and to lesser extent of Roundup® formulation additives strongly impacted the myclobutanil fate profile, due to preferential adsorption/degradation of glyphosate. By contrast, despite the impact in the degradation pathway, the inorganic additives of the Systhane® formulation influenced less both the myclobutanil removal duration and the TOC removal than the glyphosate pesticide and its organic additives from Roundup® do. The treatment allowed for most of the cases a strong reduction of acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrate test organisms (D. magna) whatever the water matrix complexity, while the ecotoxicity was reduced by half for the complex formulation mix.
Published: 2020

47. The Henna pigment Lawsone activates the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and impacts skin homeostasis

Author: Marion Klemm, Ulrike Zedler, Anne-Britta Koehler, Maria Leite-de-Moraes, Marina Bechtle, Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Annika Kreuchwig, Gerd Krause, Andreas Puyskens, Manuela Stäber, Teresa Domaszewska, January Weiner, Ute Guhlich-Bornhof, António Jacinto, Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu, Robert Hurwitz, Carolina Lage Crespo, Pedro Moura-Alves, Ioana Florina Mihai, Ioana Streata, Laura Lozza, Jens Furkert, Marcus Maurer, Frank Siebenhaar, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakolgie (FMP), Leibniz Association, Cell Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Cytokines, hématopoïèse et réponse immune (CHRI), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin -Medical School, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakolgie = Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology [Berlin, Allemagne] (FMP), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), and Medical School-Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, EXPRESSION, Immunology, AHR, TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN, lcsh:Medicine, Inflammation, Context (language use), Article, TOXICITY, Lawsone, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Nuclear receptors, DIOXIN, medicine, Receptor, lcsh:Science, General, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, Epidermis (botany), biology, integumentary system, IDENTIFICATION, Chemistry, Regeneration (biology), 2,3,7,8, INDUCTION, lcsh:R, KERATINOCYTES, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, 3. Good health, Cell biology, DERMATITIS, 030104 developmental biology, DIFFERENTIATION, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, lcsh:Q, medicine.symptom, Wound healing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; As a first host barrier, the skin is constantly exposed to environmental insults that perturb its integrity. tight regulation of skin homeostasis is largely controlled by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we demonstrate that Henna and its major pigment, the naphthoquinone Lawsone activate AhR, both in vitro and in vivo. In human keratinocytes and epidermis equivalents, Lawsone exposure enhances the production of late epidermal proteins, impacts keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation, and regulates skin inflammation. To determine the potential use of Lawsone for therapeutic application, we harnessed human, murine and zebrafish models. In skin regeneration models, Lawsone interferes with physiological tissue regeneration and inhibits wound healing. Conversely, in a human acute dermatitis model, topical application of a Lawsone-containing cream ameliorates skin irritation. Altogether, our study reveals how a widely used natural plant pigment is sensed by the host receptor AhR, and how the physiopathological context determines beneficial and detrimental outcomes. The skin acts as an important first barrier of the body, which is constantly exposed to diverse environmental and mechanical insults, such as pollution, infection, injury and radiation, amongst others 1. Additionally, the application of cosmetics and other agents can have a major impact on skin homeostasis 1. Among the most widely used skin dyes, are the extracts of Lawsonia inermis, commonly known as Henna 2. In traditional medicine, Henna has been widely used to treat bacterial and fungal infections, inflammation, cancer and various skin pathologies 3 , but the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Major side effects of Henna preparations are caused by the additive para-phenylenediamine (PPD) that has been associated with allergic contact dermatitis 4,5. As natural product, Henna comprises a mixture of numerous compounds most of which are poorly characterized opeN There are amendments to this paper
Published: 2019

48. Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author: André L.C. Franco, Michiel Rutgers, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Thomas W. Crowther, Helen Phillips, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Olaf Schmidt, Matthew W. Warren, Shishir Paudel, Michael B. Wironen, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Basil V. Iannone, Aidan M. Keith, Amy Choi, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Boris Schröder, Olga Ferlian, Jaswinder Singh, Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias, Martin Holmstrup, Geoff H. Baker, Yahya Kooch, Rosa Fernández, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Lindsey Norgrove, Eric Blanchart, Madhav P. Thakur, Felicity Crotty, Steven J. Vanek, Thomas Bolger, Jan Hendrik Moos, Guillaume Xavier Rousseau, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, Iñigo Virto, Michael Steinwandter, Kelly S. Ramirez, Veikko Huhta, Ulrich Brose, Michel Loreau, Davorka K. Hackenberger, David J. Russell, Loes van Schaik, Salvador Rebollo, Jonatan Klaminder, Gerardo Moreno, Benjamin Schwarz, Julia Seeber, Yvan Capowiez, David A. Wardle, Bernd Blossey, Franciska T. de Vries, Christoph Emmerling, Robert L. Bradley, Courtland Kelly, Liliana B. Falco, Alexander M. Roth, Michael J. Gundale, Radim Matula, Andrea Dávalos, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Johan Neirynck, Monika Joschko, Marta Novo, Dolores Trigo, Jérôme Mathieu, Adrian A. Wackett, Anne W. de Valença, Elizabeth M. Bach, Daniel R. Lammel, Devin Routh, Madalina Iordache, Luis M. Hernández, Johan Pansu, Juan B. Jesús Lidón, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Maxim Shashkov, Ehsan Sayad, Martine Fugère, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Mark E. Caulfield, Klaus Birkhofer, Wim H. van der Putten, Iurii M. Lebedev, Alberto Orgiazzi, Miwa Arai, H. Lalthanzara, Raphaël Marichal, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Steven J. Fonte, Maria J. I. Briones, Raúl Piñeiro, Jean-François Ponge, Nick van Eekeren, Takuo Hishi, Julia Krebs, Joanne M. Bennett, George G. Brown, Birgitta König-Ries, Carlos Fragoso, Victoria Nuzzo, Anna Rożen, Scott R. Loss, Bart Muys, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Radoslava Kanianska, Irina V. Zenkova, Maria Kernecker, Abegail T Fusilero, Sandy M. Smith, Shaieste Gholami, Robin Beauséjour, Mac A. Callaham, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Yiqing Li, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Mujeeb Rahman P, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Erin K. Cameron, Diana H. Wall, Muhammad Rashid, José Antonio Talavera, Matthias C. Rillig, Armand W. Koné, Johan van den Hoogen, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Anahí Domínguez, Thibaud Decaëns, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Carlos A. Guerra, Guénola Pérès, Volkmar Wolters, Jiro Tsukamoto, Nico Eisenhauer, José Camilo Bedano, Weixin Zhang, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Visa Nuutinen, Joann K. Whalen, Christian Mulder, Sanna T. Kukkonen, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidade Positivo, Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Crowther Lab, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR210, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro International de Agricultura Tropical, Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Dept Ciencias Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, DS&OR-Lab, University of Paderborn, Laboratoire d'oncogénétique moléculaire, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, University of Innsbruck, Independent, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] (UPNA), McGill University, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Université de Leipzig, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Leipzig University, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Department of Terrestrial Ecology [Wageningen], Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural technology (LARMAT), College of 80 Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi (LARMAT), CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Cornell University [New York], UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Regional & Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Natural Resources Department, Razi University, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agricultural Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Agricultura Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Soil Physics and Land Management degradation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Sustainable Development and Environment Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', Experimental Infrastructure Platform, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Land Use and Governance, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, UR Gestion Durable des Sols, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Soil Science, ESALQ-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Forestry School - INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, CSIRO, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Computing, ESEI, Vigo, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Friends of the Mississippi River, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Institute of Ecology, Technical University of Berlin, College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Science, Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Earth Innovation Institute, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Kola Science Centre, Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems, Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary’s University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Production Systems, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departamento de Informática, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Vigo, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Dpto. Ciencias, IS-FOOD, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, University of Helsinki, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], School of Biology and Environmental Sciences (SBES), USDA Forest Service, University of Toronto, Aberystwyth University, Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Trier University of Applied Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Kyushu University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Department of Biology, University of Minho [Braga], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin (FU), Senckenberg Research Institute, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Cornell University, UMR 1114 'EMMAH', INRA, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-Sorbonne Universite, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Research Council, Academy of Finland, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Wageningen University and Research Centre, International Atomic Energy Agency, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Irish Government, University of Hawaii, U.S. Navy, Department of Science and Technology (India), Department of Defense (US), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Austrian Science Fund, Welsh Government, Science Foundation Ireland, University of Kentucky, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), University of Minho, Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, LITTER, Earth, Planet, Climate, Biologie du sol, Biodiversity, Facteur climatique, 01 natural sciences, Ver de terre, Ecosystem services, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Soil, Abundance (ecology), FORESTS, 11. Sustainability, DRIVERS, Biomass, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Earth, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, POPULATION-DENSITY, earthworm, distribution, diversity, pattern, PE&RC, MINHOCAS, Habitat, Plant Production Systems, international, L20 - Écologie animale, Biodiversité, Écosystème, Zone tropicale, Soil biology, Biocénose, Invertebrados, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, Zone tempérée, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Animals, Ecosystem, PLANT, Oligochaeta, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], 030304 developmental biology, Earthworm, Tropics, P34 - Biologie du sol, Species diversity, SHIFTS, Farm Systems Ecology Group, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, 15. Life on land, Ecología, biology.organism_classification, Soil Physics and Land Management, SOIL, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, PATTERNS, Linear Models, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, Planet, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, Zoology, Animal Distribution, Models Biological
Abstract: Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide., 677232 to N.E.). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.); the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.); DOB Ecology (T.W.C., J.v.d.H., and D.R.); ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.); and the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L.). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245); Tarbiat Modares University; Aurora Organic Dairy; UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391); Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12); Science for Global Development through Wageningen University; Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8); Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0); Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8); University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (HAW01127H; HAW01123M); European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171); U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047); Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542); Maranhão State Research Foundation (FAPEMA); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033); Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-020-01, ANR-09-STRA-02-01, ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01); Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441); Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main; Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606); SÉPAQ; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061); University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve; NKU College of Arts and Sciences Grant; Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426); Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala; UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520); GRDC; AWI; LWRRDC; DRDC; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Luján y FONCyT [PICT 2293 (2006)], Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, and SCHA 1719/1-2], CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316); NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932); Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago; Dean’s Scholar Program at UIC; Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund; J. E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at DePaul University; Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences; Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161; REN2000-0783/GLO; REN2003-05553/GLO; REN2003-03989/GLO; CGL2007-60661/BOS); Yokohama National University; MEXT KAKENHI (25220104); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026); ADEME (0775C0035); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P); Syngenta Philippines; UPSTREAM; LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal); Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607); National Science and Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306); McKnight Foundation (14-168); Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5); Brazilian National Council of Research CNPq; and French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Author contributions: H.R.P.P. led the analysis, data curation, and writing of the original manuscript draft. C.A.G. assisted in analyses and writing of the original manuscript draft. E.K.C. and N.E. revised subsequent manuscript drafts. J.v.d.H., D.R., and T.W.C. provided additional analyses. E.K.C., N.E., and M.P.T. acquired funding for the project. J.K., K.B.G., B.S., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., and G.B. contributed to data curation. H.R.P.P., C.A.G., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., G.B., O.F., A.O., E.M.B., J.B., U.B., T.D., F.T.d.V., B.K.-R., M.L., J.M., C.M., W.H.v.d.P., K.S.R., M.C.R., D.R., M.R., M.P.T., D.H.W., D.A.W., E.K.C., and N.E. contributed to the project conceptualization. All authors reviewed and edited the final draft manuscript. The majority of the authors provided data for the analyses. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: Data and analysis code are available on the iDiv Data repository (DOI: 10.25829/idiv.1804-5-2593) and GitHub (https://github.com/helenphillips/GlobalEWDiversity; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3386456).
Published: 2019

49. Tree-ring reconstruction of snow avalanche activity: Does avalanche path selection matter?

Author: Robin Mainieri, Nicolas Eckert, G. de Bouchard d'Aubeterre, Jean-Luc Peiry, J. Lopez Saez, Markus Stoffel, Christophe Corona, Adrien Favillier, Mélanie Saulnier, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Dendrolab.ch [Bern], Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], University of Bern-University of Bern, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Tree-rings, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dendrogeomorphology, Magnitude (mathematics), Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), Trees, Snow, Dendrochronology, Environmental Chemistry, French Alps, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:333.7-333.9, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Forest cover, Global warming, Reproducibility of Results, Snow avalanche, Massif, Vegetation, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Avalanches, Pollution, Reliable reconstruction, 13. Climate action, Physical geography, France, Geology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires; International audience; In the current context of anthropogenic global warming, one of the purposes of dendrogeomorphic analyses is to provide long and continuous chronologies of mass movements, so as to detect potential trends or shift related to increasing temperatures. However, on documented slopes, the comparison between historical archives and tree-ring records suggests that dendrogeomorphic reconstructions systematically underestimate the natural activity of the process under investigation. In the specific case of snow avalanches, underestimation generally amounts to 50% and the main causes generally given for this difference are related to the magnitude of past events. In this study, we hypothesize that the morphometric characteristics of avalanche paths and their forest cover could have significant impacts on the length and reliability of tree-ring reconstructions. In order to test this hypothesis, we selected four adjacent, albeit differently structured, avalanche paths from the Queyras massif (French Alps), with the aim to compare their potential for a continuous reconstruction of past avalanche activity. On the most active avalanche paths characterized by high-altitude release areas (covered only by shrubby vegetation), tree-ring reconstructions do not exceed one century in length, with recurrence intervals of high magnitude events >25 years. By contrast, on forested couloirs where lower slopes and forest coverage up to the release areas limits the intensity of events, the frequency of reconstructed snow avalanches is 2.5 times higher, the reconstructions span longer periods and the convergence rate with historical archives attest to the reliability of the dendrogeomorphic approach. These results suggest that a careful selection of couloirs is essential and that priority should be given to forested sites as (i) they allow for exhaustive and (ii) reliable reconstructions over (iii) long periods of time.
Published: 2019

50. Assessment of the recurrence intervals of rockfall through dendrogeomorphology and counting scar approach: A comparative study in a mixed forest stand from the Vercors massif (French Alps)

Author: Christophe Corona, Markus Stoffel, Nicolas Eckert, Robin Mainieri, Jérôme Lopez-Saez, Franck Bourrier, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratory of Dendrogeomorphology, and Department of Geosciences
Subjects: ddc:333.7-333.9, Alternative methods, geography, Future studies, Small diameter, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rockfalls, Massif, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Rockfall, Tree-ring analyses, Spatial ecology, Forest plot, Recurrence interval, Physical geography, French Alps, Tree species, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux; International audience; As direct observations of rockfalls are rare and difficult to obtain over long timescales, stem injuries and their dating with dendrogeomorphic techniques have been applied frequently in the past to reconstruct process activity. However, the analysis of tree-ring samples requires considerable temporal efforts, which can be detrimental in applied research and expert opinions. To compensate for this shortcoming, several studies have lately explored the potential of the counting of visible scars as an alternative method to dendrogeomorphology as it requires much less time and human efforts to reconstruct spatial patterns of rockfall activity. Yet, to date, both approaches have not been compared at the same site. In this paper, based on the extensive analysis of 278 conifer and broadleaved trees (from which 1097 tree-ring cores were extracted) from a mixed forest plot of the Vercors Massif (French Alps), we demonstrate that both methods provide similar spatial patterns of rockfall activity with a strong increase of recurrence intervals down the talus slope and a clear lateral zonation of activity. Despite this apparent convergence between both approaches, our study also evidences that rockfall frequencies strongly differ with tree species and diameter: the visual inspection of conifer stems and the analysis of tree-ring signals in large-diameter broadleaved trees typically lead to an overestimation of recurrence intervals. Based on these findings, we recommend giving priority to the scar-counting approach on small diameter (
Published: 2019

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