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1. Modular Oxidation of Cytosine Modifications and Their Application in Direct and Quantitative Sequencing of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine

Author

Xu, H, Chen, J, Cheng, J, Kong, L, Chen, X, Inoue, M, Liu, Y, Kriaucionis, S, Zhao, M, and Song, C-X

Subjects
Colloid and Surface Chemistry, General Chemistry, Biochemistry, Catalysis
Abstract

Selective, efficient, and controllable oxidation of cytosine modifications is valuable for epigenetic analyses, yet only limited progress has been made. Here, we present two modular chemical oxidation reactions: conversion of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) into 5-formylcytosine (5fC) using 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate (ACT+BF4–) and further transformation of 5fC into 5-carboxycytosine (5caC) through Pinnick oxidation. Both reactions are mild and efficient on double-stranded DNA. We integrated these two oxidations with borane reduction to develop chemical-assisted pyridine borane sequencing plus (CAPS+), for direct and quantitative mapping of 5hmC. Compared with CAPS, CAPS+ improved the conversion rate and false-positive rate. We applied CAPS+ to mouse embryonic stem cells, human normal brain, and glioblastoma DNA samples and demonstrated its superior sensitivity in analyzing the hydroxymethylome.

Published
2023

2. Intrascleral Intraocular Lens Fixation Preserving the Lens Capsule in Cases of Cataract with Insufficient Zonular Support

Author

Kato M, Namba M, Shimoyama S, Inoue M, Ouchi C, and Shimizu T

Subjects
insufficient zonular support, Ophthalmology, genetic structures, lens capsule, capsular tension ring, phacodonesis, intrascleral iol fixation, sense organs, RE1-994, eye diseases
Abstract

Mutsuko Kato, Michie Namba, Sachika Shimoyama, Mayumi Inoue, Chihiro Ouchi, Takehiro Shimizu Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama, JapanCorrespondence: Mutsuko KatoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Japan Red Cross Okayama Hospital, 2-1-1 Aoe, Kita-ward, Okayama, 700-8607, JapanTel +81 86 222 8811Fax +81 86 222 8841Email mutsukato@okayama-med.jrc.or.jpPurpose: To report our modified simple technique for optic capture and the clinical results of intrascleral IOL fixation preserving the lens capsule, without vitrectomy, in cases of cataract with insufficient zonular support to stabilize the intraocular lens (IOL).Patients and Methods: In 37 eyes of 25 patients with phacodonesis and two or more risk factors for progressive zonular insufficiency, we inserted a CTR to support the capsule and zonules during cataract surgery and IOL fixation; an optic was inserted into the lens capsule, and a haptic was fixed in the scleral tunnel without vitrectomy. In all cases, anterior or total vitrectomy was not needed.Results: The postoperative mean (± standard deviation) tilt and decentration of the implanted IOL did not change from 6 to 12 months (6.77 ± 3.15° to 6.33 ± 3.38° and 0.60 ± 0.30 to 0.61 ± 0.35 mm, respectively). We encountered no late IOL dislocation and no retinal complications, including retinal breaks or cystoid macular oedema, postoperatively (follow-up = 21.1 ± 5.2 months).Conclusion: Our modified techniques preclude the need for vitrectomy. If the lens capsule can be preserved using a CTR, our modified technique can be used to stabilize IOL.Keywords: insufficient zonular support, phacodonesis, lens capsule, capsular tension ring, intrascleral IOL fixation

Published
2022

3. A glaciochemical study of the Mill Island ice core

Author

Inoue, M

Abstract

The IPCC 5th Assessment Report states that there are insufficient Southern Hemisphere climate records to adequately assess climate change in much of this region. Ice cores provide excellent archives of past climate, as they contain a rich record of past environmental tracers archived in trapped air and precipitation. However Antarctic ice cores, especially those from East Antarctica, are limited in quantity and spatial coverage. To help address this, a 120 m ice core was drilled on Mill Island, East Antarctica (65¬¨‚àû 30' S, 100¬¨‚àû 40' E). Mill Island is one of the most northerly ice coring sites in East Antarctica, and is located in a region with sparse ice core data. The specific project aims were: 1) To produce a high resolution, welldated record of water stable isotopes (˜í¬•18O, ˜í¬•D), and trace ion chemistry (sea salts, sulphate, methanesulphonic acid); 2) to investigate the seasonal and interannual variability of sea salts, in order to reveal which climate factors influence the Mill Island record; 3) to perform a regional comparison of ˜í¬•18O and snow accumulation rate with nearby existing climate records from ice cores, observational stations, and atmospheric models, in order to seek the optimal method for temperature reconstruction using the Mill Island ice core record. Hydrogen peroxide, water stable isotopes, and trace ion chemistry were measured at high resolution throughout the entire core. The ice core was dated using a combination of chemical species, but primarily using water stable isotopes. The Mill Island ice core contains 97 years of climate record (1913 { 2009), and has a mean snow accumulation of 1.35 metres (ice-equivalent) per year (mIE/yr). Concentrations of trace ions were generally higher than at other Antarctic ice core sites (e.g., mean sodium levels were 254 ˜í¬¿Eq/L). The full trace ion record contained a mix of periods with well-defined seasonal cycles and periods with weak seasonality and a higher baseline. An abrupt change was observed in the sea salt record in the mid-1930s. This may be related to a significant change in the local ice-scape. Sea salts were compared with instrumental data, including atmospheric models and satellite-derived sea ice concentration, to investigate influences on the Mill Island ice core record. The mean annual sea salt record did not show a correlation with wind speed. Instead, sea ice concentration to the east of Mill Island was found to be likely influencing the annual mean sea salt record, at least during the period of 1979 to 2009. A mechanism involving formation of frost flowers on sea ice was proposed to explain the extremely high sea salt concentration. Post-depositional migration of magnesium and methanesulphonic acid were observed in the trace ion record, and for the first time, migration of sodium and chloride were observed. Snow accumulation rate was compared with snow accumulation or precipitation record from nearby sites. The Mill Island snow accumulation was found to be influenced by local orography, i.e., the annual snow accumulation record is not strongly related with precipitation in nearby sites. The Zonal Wave Three (ZW3), large scale atmospheric mode, modulates precipitation at nearby Law Dome, and to a lesser extent, modulates Mill Island precipitation. Snow accumulation and ˜í¬•18O were compared with precipitation and temperature data from atmospheric models. The climatology of precipitation at Mill Island shows evidence of higher snowfall during winter, consistent with other Antarctic sites. The linear monthly ice core dating was adjusted using the precipitation climatology, and the adjusted ˜í¬•18O record resulted in a warmer annual signal. This finding indicates that without this adjustment, there is a small cold bias in annual temperature reconstructions from ice cores that share this elevated winter precipitation. This bias should be considered when reconstructing temperatures where climate trends differ with season and when comparing with other temperature reconstructions (e.g., terrestrial or ocean based records). In situ temperature data (e.g., a co-located Automatic Weather Station) are not available at Mill Island. Instead, the annual mean ˜í¬•18O record was compared with atmospheric reanalysis model output temperature at Mill Island. The correlation was found to be statistically insignificant. To attempt a more accurate palaeothermometer reconstruction, the annual record was divided into summer and winter \\windows\ with the maximum ˜í¬•18O value set as the summer window centre and the minimum ˜í¬•18O value set as the winter window centre. It was found that when using narrow summer and winter windows the ˜í¬•18O value was significantly correlated with December to April mean model temperatures and May to July mean model temperatures respectively."

Published
2023
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4. Use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials for more than 72 h and the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Japanese intensive care units: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Author

Yoshida, H, Motohashi, T, De Bus, Liesbet, De Waele, Jan, Takaba, A, Kuriyama, A, Kobayashi, A, Tanaka, C, Hashi, H, Hashimoto, H, Nashiki, H, Shibata, M, Kanamoto, M, Inoue, M, Hashimoto, S, Katayama, S, Fujiwara, S, Kameda, S, Shindo, S, Suzuki, T, Komuro, T, Kawagishi, T, Kawano, Y, Fujita, Y, Kida, Y, Hara, Y, Fujitani, S, and DIANA Study Japanese, group

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Cross Infection, Intensive care units, Bacteria, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Multidrug resistance, Broad-spectrum antimicrobials, De-escalation, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Infective Agents, Japan, Medicine and Health Sciences, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Background Large multicenter studies reporting on the association between the duration of broad-spectrum antimicrobial administration and the detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in the intensive care unit (ICU) are scarce. We evaluated the impact of broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy for more than 72 h on the detection of MDR bacteria using the data from Japanese patients enrolled in the DIANA study. Methods We analyzed the data of ICU patients in the DIANA study (a multicenter international observational cohort study from Japan). Patients who received empirical antimicrobials were divided into a broad-spectrum antimicrobial group and a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial group, based on whether they received broad-spectrum antimicrobials for more or less than 72 h, respectively. Differences in patient characteristics, background of infectious diseases and empirical antimicrobial administration, and outcomes between the two groups were compared using the chi-square tests (Monte Carlo method) for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U-test for continuous variables. We also conducted a logistic regression analysis to investigate the factors associated with the detection of new MDR bacteria. Results A total of 254 patients from 31 Japanese ICUs were included in the analysis, of whom 159 (62.6%) were included in the broad-spectrum antimicrobial group and 95 (37.4%) were included in the narrow-spectrum antimicrobial group. The detection of new MDR bacteria was significantly higher in the broad-spectrum antimicrobial group (11.9% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.042). Logistic regression showed that broad-spectrum antimicrobial continuation for more than 72 h (OR [odds ratio] 3.09, p = 0.047) and cerebrovascular comorbidity on ICU admission (OR 2.91, p = 0.041) were associated with the detection of new MDR bacteria. Conclusions Among Japanese ICU patients treated with empirical antimicrobials, broad-spectrum antimicrobial usage for more than 72 h was associated with the increased detection of new MDR bacteria. Antimicrobial stewardship programs in ICUs should discourage the prolonged use of empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02920463, Registered 30 September 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02920463

Published
2022

5. Osteosynthesis for Geriatric Acetabular Fractures: An Epidemiological and Clinico-Radiological Study Related to Marginal or Roof Impaction

Author

Inoue, M., Noda, T., Uehara, T., Tetsunaga, T., Yamada, K., Taichi Saito, Shimamura, Y., Yamakawa, Y., and Ozaki, T.

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Hip Fractures, Acetabulum, roof impaction, marginal impaction, elderly patient, Fracture Fixation, Internal, acetabular fracture, Humans, Female, osteosynthesis, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

This retrospective study sought to elucidate the incidence rates of roof impaction (RI) and marginal impaction (MI) and radiological and clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for RI and MI in geriatric acetabular fractures. The cases of 68 patients aged ≥ 65 years (mean 71 years) treated with ORIF were analyzed. MI was present in 12 fractures (67%) and an RI of the weight-bearing surface was present in 24 (46%) of the potential fracture types. Regarding the reduction quality, 54% of the reductions were graded as anatomical, 37% as imperfect, and 9% as poor. In the clinical evaluations of the 45 patients who had > 1-year follow-up (follow-up rate: 66.2%), 18% were graded as excellent, 53% as good, 16% as fair, and 13% as poor. An anatomic reduction was strongly associated with good or excellent clinical and radiological outcomes. CT was superior to radiographs for detecting the residual displacement postoperatively. Postoperative deep infection occurred in four patients. Three patients (6.7%) underwent a total hip arthroplasty conversion due to secondary osteoarthritis of the hip. We recommend ORIF as the preferred surgical treatment option for displaced acetabular fractures in elderly patients.

Published
2021

6. The state of stroke services across the globe: Report of World Stroke Organization–World Health Organization surveys

Author

Thrift A. G., Martins S., Johnson W., Pandian J., Abd-Allah F., Varghese C., Mahal A., Yaria J., Phan H. T., Roth G., Gall S. L., Beare R., Phan T. G., Mikulik R., Norrving B., Feigin V. Abera S. F., Addissie A., Adeleye A., Adilbekov Y., Adilbekova B., Adoukonou T. A. Aguiar de Sousa D., Akhmetzhanova Z., Akinyemi R. O., Akpalu A. MB. ChB, Ameriso S. F., Andonova S., Abanto C., Awoniyi F. E., Bakhiet M., Basri H., Bath P. M., Bereczki D., Beretta S., Berkowitz A. L., Bernhardt J., Berzina G., Bhavsar B., Bisharyan M. S., Bovet P., Brainin M., Budincevic H., Cabral N. L., Cadilhac D A. , Caso V., Chen C., Chin J. H., Christensen H, Chwojnicki K., Conforto A. B., Cruz V. T., D'Amelio M., Danielyan K. E., Davis S., Demarin V, Dempsey R. J., Dichgans M., Dokova Donnan, G. Duran, Elizondo M. A. B., Elkind M. S., Endres M., Etedal I., Faris M. E., Fischer U., Gankpe F., Gavidia M., GayeSaavedra A., Giroud M., Gongora-Rivera F., Hachinski V., Hacke W., Hamadeh R. R., Hamzat T. K., Hankey G. J., Heldner M. R., Ibrahim N. M., Inoue M., Jee S., Jiann-Shing J., Johnston S. C., Kalkonde Y., Kamenova S., Kelly P., Khan T., Kiechl S., Kondybayeva A., Kõrv J., Kravchenko M., Krishnamurthi R., Langhorne P., Kang Z. L., Kruja J., Lavados P. M., Lebedynets D., Leung T. W., Liebeskind D. S., Lindsay P., Liu L., López-Jaramillo P., Lotufo P. A., Machline-Carrion J. M., Markus H. S., Marquez-Romero J. M., Medina M. T., Medukhanova S., Mehndiratta M. M., Mirrakhimov E., Mohl S., Murphy S., Musa K. I., Nasreldein A, Nogueira R., Nolte C. H., Noubiap J. J., Novarro-Escudero N., O'Donnell M., Ogun Y., Oraby M. I., Ovbiagele B., Ōrken D. N., Ōzdemir A. O., Ozturk S., Paccot M., Peters A., Piradov M., Platz T., Potpara T., Ranta A., Rathore F. A., Sacco R. L., Sahathevan R., Santos I. C., Saposnik G., Sarfo F. S., Sharma M., Sheth K. N., Shobhana A., Silva S. N., Suwanwela N. C., Sylaja P. N., Thakur K., Toni D., Topcuoglu M. A., Torales J., Towfighi A., Truelsen T., Tsiskaridze A., Tsong-Hai L., Tulloch-Reid M., Useche J. N., Vanacker P., Vassilopoulou S., Venketasubramanian N., Vukorepa G., Vuletic V., Wahab K. W., Wang W., Wijeratne T., Wolfe C, Yifru M. Y., YockCorrales A., Yonemoto N., Yperzeele L., Owolabi, MO, Thrift, AG, Martins, S, Johnson, W, Pandian, J, Abd-Allah, F, Varghese, C, Mahal, A, Yaria, J, Phan, HT, Roth, G, Gall, SL, Beare, R, Phan, TG, D'Amelio M, Mikulik, R, Norrving, B, Feigin, VL, and Thrift A. G., Martins S., Johnson W., Pandian J., Abd-Allah F., Varghese C., Mahal A., Yaria J., Phan H. T., Roth G., Gall S. L., Beare R., Phan T. G., Mikulik R., Norrving B., Feigin V. Abera S.F., Addissie A., Adeleye A., Adilbekov Y., Adilbekova B., Adoukonou T.A. Aguiar de Sousa D., Akhmetzhanova Z., Akinyemi R.O., Akpalu A. MB. ChB , Ameriso S.F. , Andonova S., Abanto C., Awoniyi F.E., Bakhiet M., Basri H., Bath, P.M., Bereczki D., Beretta S., Berkowitz A.L., Bernhardt J., Berzina G., Bhavsar B., Bisharyan M.S., Bovet P., Brainin, M., Budincevic H., Cabral N.L., , Cadilhac D A. , Caso V., , Chen C., Chin J.H. , Christensen H, , Di, Chwojnicki K., Conforto A.B., Cruz V.T., D'Amelio M., Danielyan K.E., Davis, S., Demarin V, Dempsey R.J., Dichgans M., Dokova, Donnan, G., Duran, J., Elizondo M.A.B., Elkind M.S., Endres M., Etedal I., Faris M.E., Fischer U., Gankpe F., Gavidia M., GayeSaavedra A., Giroud M., Gongora-Rivera F., Hachinski V. , Hacke, W., Hamadeh R.R., Hamzat T.K., Hankey G.J., Heldner M.R., Ibrahim, N.M., Inoue M., Jee S., Jiann-Shing J., Johnston S. C., Kalkonde Y., Kamenova S., Kelly P., Khan T., Kiechl S., Kondybayeva A., Kõrv J., Kravchenko M., Krishnamurthi R., Langhorne, P., Kang Z.L., Kruja, J., Lavados P.M., Lebedynets D., Leung T.W., Liebeskind D.S., Lindsay P., Liu, L., López-Jaramillo P., Lotufo P.A., Machline-Carrion J.M., Markus, H.S., Marquez-Romero J.M., Medina M.T., Medukhanova S., Mehndiratta M.M., Mirrakhimov E., Mohl S., Murphy S., Musa K.I., Nasreldein A, Nogueira R., Nolte C.H., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J., Novarro-Escudero N., O'Donnell M., Ogun Y., Oraby M.I., Ovbiagele B., Ōrken D.N., Ōzdemir A.O., Ozturk S., Paccot M., Peters A., Piradov, M., Platz T., Potpara T., Ranta A., Rathore F.A., Roth G., Sacco R.L., Sahathevan R., Santos I.C., Saposnik G., Sarfo F.S., Sharma M., Sheth K.N., Shobhana A., Silva, S.N., Suwanwela N. C., Sylaja P.N., Thakur K., Toni D., Topcuoglu M.A., Torales J., Towfighi A., Truelsen, T., Tsiskaridze A., Tsong-Hai L., Tulloch-Reid M., Useche J.N., Vanacker P., Vassilopoulou S., Venketasubramanian N., Vukorepa G., Vuletic V., Wahab K.W., Wang W., Wijeratne T., Wolfe C, Yifru M.Y., YockCorrales A., Yonemoto N., Yperzeele L.

Subjects
Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Globe, Commission, stroke quadrangle, Global Health, World Health Organization, World health, Article, Stroke service, rehabilitation, low and middle-income countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, State (polity), prevention, Acute care, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, high-income countrie, Stroke, Developing Countries, media_common, Stroke services, Rehabilitation, business.industry, Stroke Rehabilitation, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, low- and middle-income countrie, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, acute care, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Improving stroke services is critical for reducing the global stroke burden. The World Stroke Organization–World Health Organization– Lancet Neurology Commission on Stroke conducted a survey of the status of stroke services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries. Methods Using a validated World Stroke Organization comprehensive questionnaire, we collected and compared data on stroke services along four pillars of the stroke quadrangle (surveillance, prevention, acute stroke, and rehabilitation) in 84 countries across World Health Organization regions and economic strata. The World Health Organization also conducted a survey of non-communicable diseases in 194 countries in 2019. Results Fewer surveillance activities (including presence of registries, presence of recent risk factors surveys, and participation in research) were reported in low-income countries than high-income countries. The overall global score for prevention was 40.2%. Stroke units were present in 91% of high-income countries in contrast to 18% of low-income countries (p Conclusions There is an urgent need to improve access to stroke units and services globally especially in LMICs. Countries with less stroke services can adapt strategies from those with better services. This could include establishment of a framework for regular monitoring of stroke burden and services, implementation of integrated prevention activities and essential acute stroke care services, and provision of interdisciplinary care for stroke rehabilitation.

Published
2021

7. Mentoring of nursing students-A comparative study of Japan and five European countries

Author

Mikkonen, K. (Kristina), Utsumi, M. (Momoe), Tuomikoski, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Tomietto, M. (Marco), Miha Kaučič, B. (Boris), Riklikiene, O. (Olga), Vizcaya-Moreno, F. (Flores), Nakaoka, A. (Akiko), Yamakawa, M. (Miyae), Inoue, M. (Mitsuyo), Yayama, S. (So), Pérez-Cañaveras, R. M. (Rosa M.), Filej, B. (Bojana), and Kääriäinen, M. (Maria)

Subjects
student placement, competence, learning environment, mentoring, nursing education, clinical, nursing students
Abstract

AIMS: This study aimed to explore mentoring competence in nursing student mentors during clinical practice by identifying different mentor profiles and connections between different competence areas among five European countries and Japan. METHODS: The study implemented a cross-sectional design in Finland, Italy, Lithuania, Slovenia, Spain, and Japan during 2016 and 2019. In total, 6208 mentors were invited, and 1862 participated from 58 healthcare organizations. The data were collected with a survey questionnaire by including background question items with the Mentor Competence Instrument. K-clustering and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Four mentor profiles, A (43%), B (30%), C (18%), and D (9%), were identified according to the seven mentoring competence areas with high statistical significance (p < 0.001). Higher mentoring competence (mean >3.50) was observed among Finnish, Lithuanian, and Slovenian mentors with university education in nursing, older ages, more work experience, and previous education in mentoring. Lower competence (mean

Published
2022

8. Oral anticoagulants in the oldest old with recent stroke and atrial fibrillation

Author

Polymeris, A. A., Macha, K., Paciaroni, M., Wilson, D., Koga, M., Cappellari, M., Schaedelin, S., Zietz, A., Peters, N., Seiffge, D. J., Haupenthal, D., Gassmann, L., De Marchis, G. M., Wang, R., Gensicke, H., Stoll, S., Thilemann, S., Avramiotis, N. S., Bonetti, B., Tsivgoulis, G., Ambler, G., Alberti, A., Yoshimura, S., Brown, M. M., Shiozawa, M., Lip, G. Y. H., Venti, M., Acciarresi, M., Tanaka, K., Mosconi, M. G., Takagi, M., Jager, R. H., Muir, K., Inoue, M., Schwab, S., Bonati, L. H., Lyrer, P. A., Toyoda, K., Caso, V., Werring, D. J., Kallmunzer, B., Engelter, S. T., Traenka, C., Hert, L., Wagner, B., Schaub, F., Meya, L., Fladt, J., Dittrich, T., Fisch, U., Volbers, B., Siedler, G., Bovi, P., Tomelleri, G., Micheletti, N., Zivelonghi, C., Emiliani, A., Parry-Jones, A., Patterson, C., Price, C., Elmarimi, A., Parry, A., Nallasivam, A., Nor, A. M., Esis, B., Bruce, D., Bhaskaran, B., Roffe, C., Cullen, C., Holmes, C., Cohen, D., Hargroves, D., Mangion, D., Chadha, D., Vahidassr, D., Manawadu, D., Giallombardo, E., Warburton, E., Flossman, E., Gunathilagan, G., Proschel, H., Emsley, H., Anwar, I., Burger, I., Okwera, J., Putterill, J., O'Connell, J., Bamford, J., Corrigan, J., Scott, J., Birns, J., Kee, K., Saastamoinen, K., Pasco, K., Dani, K., Sekaran, L., Choy, L., Iveson, L., Mamun, M., Sajid, M., Cooper, M., Burn, M., Smith, M., Power, M., Davis, M., Smyth, N., Veltkamp, R., Sharma, P., Guyler, P., O'Mahony, P., Wilkinson, P., Datta, P., Aghoram, P., Marsh, R., Luder, R., Meenakishundaram, S., Subramonian, S., Leach, S., Ispoglou, S., Andole, S., England, T., Manoj, A., Harrington, F., Rehman, H., Sword, J., Staals, J., Mahawish, K., Harkness, K., Shaw, L., Mccormich, M., Sprigg, N., Mansoor, S., Krishnamurthy, V., Giustozzi, M., Agnelli, G., Becattini, C., D'Amore, C., Cimini, L. A., Bandini, F., Liantinioti, C., Chondrogianni, M., Yaghi, S., Furie, K. L., Tadi, P., Zedde, M., Abdul-Rahim, A. H., Lees, K. R., Carletti, M., Rigatelli, A., Putaala, J., Tomppo, L., Tatlisumak, T., Marcheselli, S., Pezzini, A., Poli, L., Padovani, A., Vannucchi, V., Masotti, L., Sohn, S. -I., Lorenzini, G., Tassi, R., Guideri, F., Acampa, M., Martini, G., Ntaios, G., Athanasakis, G., Makaritsis, K., Karagkiozi, E., Vadikolias, K., Mumoli, N., Galati, F., Sacco, S., Tiseo, C., Corea, F., Ageno, W., Bellesini, M., Colombo, G., Silvestrelli, G., Ciccone, A., Lanari, A., Scoditti, U., Denti, L., Mancuso, M., Maccarrone, M., Ulivi, L., Orlandi, G., Giannini, N., Tassinari, T., De Lodovici, M. L., Rueckert, C., Baldi, A., Toni, D., Letteri, F., Pieroni, A., Giuntini, M., Lotti, E. M., Flomin, Y., Kargiotis, O., Karapanayiotides, T., Monaco, S., Baronello, M. M., Csiba, L., Szabo, L., Chiti, A., Giorli, E., Del Sette, M., Imberti, D., Zabzuni, D., Doronin, B., Volodina, V., Michel, P., Vanacker, P., Barlinn, K., Pallesen, L. -P., Barlinn, J., Deleu, D., Melikyan, G., Ibrahim, F., Akhtar, N., Gourbali, V., Todo, K., Kimura, K., Shibazaki, K., Yagita, Y., Furui, E., Itabashi, R., Terasaki, T., Shiokawa, Y., Hirano, T., Suzuki, R., Kamiyama, K., Nakagawara, J., Takizawa, S., Homma, K., Okuda, S., Okada, Y., Maeda, K., Kameda, T., Kario, K., Nagakane, Y., Hasegawa, Y., Akiyama, H., Shibuya, S., Mochizuki, H., Ito, Y., Nakashima, T., Matsuoka, H., Takamatsu, K., Nishiyama, K., Endo, K., Miyagi, T., Osaki, M., Kobayashi, J., Okata, T., Tanaka, E., Sakamoto, Y., Tokunaga, K., Takizawa, H., Takasugi, J., Matsubara, S., Higashida, K., Matsuki, T., Kinoshita, N., Ide, T., Yoshimoto, T., Ando, D., Fujita, K., Kumamoto, M., Kamimura, T., Kikuno, M., Mizoguchi, T., and Sato, T.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Vitamin K, medicine.drug_class, 610 Medicine & health, Aged, 80 and over, Atrial Fibrillation, Factor Xa Inhibitors, Female, Humans, Stroke, Continuous variable, Internal medicine, 80 and over, medicine, Aged, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Anticoagulant, Confounding, Atrial fibrillation, Patient data, medicine.disease, Oldest old, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), 610 Medizin und Gesundheit, business
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKA) after recent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) aged ≥85 years. Methods: Individual patient data analysis from seven prospective stroke cohorts. We compared DOAC versus VKA treatment among patients with AF and recent stroke (≥85y = 0.65, 95%-CI [0.52, 0.81]) and < 85 years (HR = 0.79, 95%-CI [0.66, 0.95]) in simple (p interaction = 0.129), adjusted (p interaction = 0.094) or weighted (p interaction = 0.512) models. Analyses on recurrent stroke, ICH and death separately were consistent with the primary analysis, as were sensitivity analyses using age dichotomized at 90 years and as a continuous variable. DOAC had a similar net clinical benefit in patients aged ≥85 (+1.73 to +2.66) and < 85 years (+1.90 to +3.36 events/100 patient-years for ICH-weights 1.5 to 3.1). Interpretation: The favorable profile of DOAC over VKA in patients with AF and recent stroke was maintained in the oldest old. ANN NEUROL 2021.

Published
2022

9. Oral Anticoagulants in the Oldest Old with Recent Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation

Author

Polymeris, A.A. Macha, K. Paciaroni, M. Wilson, D. Koga, M. Cappellari, M. Schaedelin, S. Zietz, A. Peters, N. Seiffge, D.J. Haupenthal, D. Gassmann, L. De Marchis, G.M. Wang, R. Gensicke, H. Stoll, S. Thilemann, S. Avramiotis, N.S. Bonetti, B. Tsivgoulis, G. Ambler, G. Alberti, A. Yoshimura, S. Brown, M.M. Shiozawa, M. Lip, G.Y.H. Venti, M. Acciarresi, M. Tanaka, K. Mosconi, M.G. Takagi, M. Jäger, R.H. Muir, K. Inoue, M. Schwab, S. Bonati, L.H. Lyrer, P.A. Toyoda, K. Caso, V. Werring, D.J. Kallmünzer, B. Engelter, S.T. Engelter, S.T. Lyrer, P.A. Bonati, L.H. Seiffge, D.J. Traenka, C. Polymeris, A.A. Zietz, A. Peters, N. De Marchis, G.M. Thilemann, S. Avramiotis, N.S. Gensicke, H. Hert, L. Wagner, B. Schaub, F. Meya, L. Fladt, J. Dittrich, T. Fisch, U. Macha, K. Haupenthal, D. Gassmann, L. Wang, R. Stoll, S. Schwab, S. Volbers, B. Siedler, G. Kallmünzer, B. Cappellari, M. Bonetti, B. Bovi, P. Tomelleri, G. Micheletti, N. Zivelonghi, C. Emiliani, A. Parry-Jones, A. Patterson, C. Price, C. Elmarimi, A. Parry, A. Nallasivam, A. Nor, A.M. Esis, B. Bruce, D. Bhaskaran, B. Roffe, C. Cullen, C. Holmes, C. Cohen, D. Hargroves, D. Mangion, D. Chadha, D. Vahidassr, D. Manawadu, D. Giallombardo, E. Warburton, E. Flossman, E. Gunathilagan, G. Proschel, H. Emsley, H. Anwar, I. Burger, I. Okwera, J. Putterill, J. O’Connell, J. Bamford, J. Corrigan, J. Scott, J. Birns, J. Kee, K. Saastamoinen, K. Pasco, K. Dani, K. Sekaran, L. Choy, L. Iveson, L. Mamun, M. Sajid, M. Cooper, M. Burn, M. Smith, M. Power, M. Davis, M. Smyth, N. Veltkamp, R. Sharma, P. Guyler, P. O’Mahony, P. Wilkinson, P. Datta, P. Aghoram, P. Marsh, R. Luder, R. Meenakishundaram, S. Subramonian, S. Leach, S. Ispoglou, S. Andole, S. England, T. Manoj, A. Harrington, F. Rehman, H. Sword, J. Staals, J. Mahawish, K. Harkness, K. Shaw, L. McCormich, M. Sprigg, N. Mansoor, S. Krishnamurthy, V. Giustozzi, M. Acciarresi, M. Agnelli, G. Becattini, C. Alberti, A. D’Amore, C. Cimini, L.A. Bandini, F. Tsivgoulis, G. Liantinioti, C. Chondrogianni, M. Yaghi, S. Furie, K.L. Tadi, P. Zedde, M. Abdul-Rahim, A.H. Lees, K.R. Bovi, P. Carletti, M. Rigatelli, A. Cappellari, M. Putaala, J. Tomppo, L. Tatlisumak, T. Marcheselli, S. Pezzini, A. Poli, L. Padovani, A. Vannucchi, V. Masotti, L. Sohn, S.-I. Lorenzini, G. Tassi, R. Guideri, F. Acampa, M. Martini, G. Ntaios, G. Athanasakis, G. Makaritsis, K. Karagkiozi, E. Vadikolias, K. Mumoli, N. Galati, F. Sacco, S. Tiseo, C. Corea, F. Ageno, W. Bellesini, M. Colombo, G. Silvestrelli, G. Ciccone, A. Lanari, A. Scoditti, U. Denti, L. Mancuso, M. Maccarrone, M. Ulivi, L. Orlandi, G. Giannini, N. Tassinari, T. De Lodovici, M.L. Rueckert, C. Baldi, A. Toni, D. Letteri, F. Pieroni, A. Giuntini, M. Lotti, E.M. Flomin, Y. Kargiotis, O. Karapanayiotides, T. Monaco, S. Baronello, M.M. Csiba, L. Szabó, L. Chiti, A. Giorli, E. Del Sette, M. Imberti, D. Zabzuni, D. Doronin, B. Volodina, V. Michel, P. Vanacker, P. Barlinn, K. Pallesen, L.-P. Barlinn, J. Deleu, D. Melikyan, G. Ibrahim, F. Akhtar, N. Gourbali, V. Todo, K. Kimura, K. Shibazaki, K. Yagita, Y. Furui, E. Itabashi, R. Terasaki, T. Shiokawa, Y. Hirano, T. Suzuki, R. Kamiyama, K. Nakagawara, J. Takizawa, S. Homma, K. Okuda, S. Okada, Y. Maeda, K. Kameda, T. Kario, K. Nagakane, Y. Hasegawa, Y. Akiyama, H. Shibuya, S. Mochizuki, H. Ito, Y. Nakashima, T. Matsuoka, H. Takamatsu, K. Nishiyama, K. Tanaka, K. Endo, K. Miyagi, T. Osaki, M. Kobayashi, J. Okata, T. Tanaka, E. Sakamoto, Y. Tokunaga, K. Takizawa, H. Takasugi, J. Matsubara, S. Higashida, K. Matsuki, T. Kinoshita, N. Shiozawa, M. Ide, T. Yoshimoto, T. Ando, D. Fujita, K. Kumamoto, M. Kamimura, T. Kikuno, M. Mizoguchi, T. Sato, T. NOACISP-LONGTERM, Erlangen Registry, CROMIS-2, RAF, RAF-DOAC, SAMURAI-NVAF Verona Registry Collaborators

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKA) after recent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) aged ≥85 years. Methods: Individual patient data analysis from seven prospective stroke cohorts. We compared DOAC versus VKA treatment among patients with AF and recent stroke (

Published
2022

10. Absolute $\rm ^3$He polarimetry for a double-chambered cell using transmission of thermal neutrons

Author

Watanabe, A., Sekiguchi, K., Ino, T., Inoue, M., Nakai, S., Otake, Y., Taketani, A., and Wakabayashi, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present an absolute $^3$He polarimetry method based on thermal neutron transmission for a double-chambered cell. This method utilizes the fact that a $^3$He nucleus has a large absorption cross section and a spin dependence for thermal neutrons. The cell had a pumping chamber and a target chamber. Polarized $^3$He gas was produced in the pumping chamber by SEOP and then diffused into the target chamber. The $^3$He polarization in the target chamber was determined by comparing the neutron transmissions with the polarized and unpolarized targets. The measurement was performed at the RIKEN Accelerator-Driven Compact Neutron Source. The $^3$He polarization in the target chamber was determined with a statistical error of 1.8% and systematic uncertainty of 0.6%. This method can be used to obtain high-precision data of spin observables in few-nucleon scattering for the investigation of nuclear forces., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures

Published
2022
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11. Addition Of Sauce Enhances Finger-Snack Intake Among Japanese Elderly People With Dementia

Author

Kimura A, Yamaguchi K, Tohara H, Sato Y, Sawada N, Nakagawa Y, Matsuda Y, Inoue M, and Tamaki K

Subjects
sauce, Geriatrics, food consumption, RC952-954.6, food improvement, under nutrition, dementia
Abstract

Atsushi Kimura,1 Kohei Yamaguchi,2,3 Haruka Tohara,3 Yusuke Sato,4 Naoko Sawada,4 Yasuhide Nakagawa,4 Yukako Matsuda,2,5 Motoharu Inoue,2,5 Kazuhiro Tamaki2,4 1College of Risk Management, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 2Dentistry Nanohana Clinic, Medical Corporation Kanjinkai, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo, Japan; 3Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 4Geriatric Health Services Facility Nanohana, Medical Corporation Kanjinkai, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo, Japan; 5Department of Dysphasia Rehabilitation, Nihon University of Dentistry, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Atsushi KimuraCollege of Risk Management, Nihon University, 3-34-1 Shimouma, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8513, JapanTel +81 3 6453 1600Fax +81 3 6453 1630Email kimura.atsushi@nihon-u.ac.jpKazuhiro TamakiGeriatric Health Services Facility Nanohana, Medical Corporation Kanjinkai, 454 Tonogaya, Mizuho-machi, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo 190-1212, JapanTel +81 42 568 5111Fax +81 42 568 5127Email tamakikazuhiro@g.kanjinkai.netPurpose: The previous study demonstrated that the addition of a sauce is an effective means of influencing the consumption of finger foods among French elderly people with dementia. However, it is unclear the relative importance of low-level sensory factors such as flavor and a semi-solid nature and high-level cognitive factors such as memory stimulation and familiarity to the effect of the addition of sauce on food intake. The present study investigated whether the addition of sauce affects finger-snack intake among Japanese elderly people with dementia who were not familiar with sauce dipping.Patients And Methods: A total of 21 patients with dementia who were recruited in a nursing home in Tokyo received a plate of cut baumkuchen (a very thinly layered German roll cake), which had pieces of baumkuchen both with and without sauce, at their afternoon snack time. The amount of food intake and the first choice between options were measured for each participant. We used chocolate (in Experiment 1, n = 21) and agave (Experiment 2, n =14) syrups as sauce samples.Results: Results of both experiments demonstrate that snack consumption was greater for the with-sauce options than for the without-sauce options. A 90.5% of the participants in Experiment 1 and 64.3% of participants in Experiment 2 ate more snacks with sauce than without sauce.Conclusion: These findings imply that low-level sensory factors such as flavor and a semi-solid nature contribute relatively more strongly to the enhancement of food consumption with the addition of sauce than do high-level cognitive factors such as memory stimulation and familiarity, because Japanese elderly people are not always familiar with the custom of wiping up the sauce with food.Keywords: food consumption, dementia, under nutrition, food improvement, sauce

Published
2019

12. Synchronous gastric cancer and carcinoma in situ of the pancreas detected by SPACE

Author

Miyamoto K, Keishi Hakoda, Hiroyuki Sawada, Kazuhiro Toyota, Seiji Sadamoto, Inoue M, Ryuichi Hotta, Ichiro Omori, and Takahashi T

Subjects
medicine.anatomical_structure, Text mining, business.industry, Carcinoma in situ, medicine, Cancer research, Cancer, medicine.disease, Pancreas, business
Abstract

Gastric cancer was diagnosed with dilation of the main pancreatic duct. SPACE revealed adenocarcinoma, total gastrectomy with distal pancreatectomy were underwent. More case reports are needed to determine whether adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated for patients with PCIS and whether the extent of lymph node dissection can be safely reduced.

Published
2021

13. Seroepidemiological survey on pigs and cattle for novel K88 (F4)-like colonization factor detected in human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Author

Komatsu K, Yoshihiko Tanimoto, Takayuki Wada, Inoue M, Odani A, Eriko Kage-Nakadai, and Yoshikazu Nishikawa

Subjects
Serotype, Bacterial adhesin, Plasmid, Antigen, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, medicine, Virulence, Colonization, Enterotoxin, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, digestive system, Microbiology
Abstract

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that express various fimbrial or nonfimbrial colonization factors and enterotoxins are critical causes of diarrheal diseases. Human ETEC serotype O169:H41 (O169) has been a representative of epidemic ETEC worldwide; the organism shows massive adherence to HEp-2 cells similar to enteroaggregative E. coli. Previously, we determined the complete sequence of the unstable virulence plasmid, pEntYN10. The plasmid included a unique set of genes encoding a novel colonization factor (CF) resembling K88 (F4) of porcine ETEC, in addition to CS6, a well-known representative CF of human ETEC, and another novel CF similar to CS8 (CFA/III) of human ETEC. To determine whether the K88-like CF (after this, K88O169) allows the organisms to infect domestic animals like the original K88-harboring strains that can cause diarrhea in piglets, samples were tested for antibodies against recombinant proteins of possible paralogous adhesins, FaeG1 and FaeG2, from K88O169 and the FaeG of typical K88 (F4). The seroepidemiological study using recombinant antigens (two paralogs FaeG1 and FaeG2 from K88O169) showed reactivity of porcine (18.0%) and bovine (17.1%) sera to K88O169 FaeG1 and/or FaeG2 antigens on indirect ELISA tests. These results suggest that E. coli with K88O169 adhesin can infect various hosts, including pigs and cattle. This is the first report of domestic animals having antibodies to K88O169 of human ETEC. Although human ETEC had been thought to be distinguished from those of domestic animals based on colonization factors, zoonotic strains may conceal themselves among human ETEC organisms. The concept of One Health should be adopted to intervene in ETEC infections among animals and humans.

Published
2021

14. Predictive Factors And Long-Term Visual Outcomes After Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment Of Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation

Author

Maruyama-Inoue M, Sato S, Yamane S, and Kadonosono K

Subjects
Ophthalmology, genetic structures, aflibercept, intravitreal injection, retinal angiomatous proliferation, ranibizumab, RE1-994, age-related macular degeneration
Abstract

Maiko Maruyama-Inoue, Shimpei Sato, Shin Yamane, Kazuaki Kadonosono Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanCorrespondence: Maiko Maruyama-InoueDepartment of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, JapanTel +81 45 261 5656Fax +81 45 253 8490Email maicoo@urahp.yokohama-cu.ac.jpPurpose: To report the results of 9-year follow-up examinations and predictive factors for visual acuity outcome after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents to treat retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP).Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 85 treatment-naïve eyes in 61 patients (21 men, 40 women; age range, 70–95 years; mean age, 84.0 years) treated with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents. All patients received three consecutive monthly injections as an induction treatment. During the maintenance phase, the patients received intravitreal injections as needed or fixed dosing. The primary outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) during the follow-up period. Furthermore, we investigated potential predictive factors of improvement in visual acuity. The proportion of patients who developed specific complications were also analyzed.Results: The mean BCVA gradually decreased from 0.58 at baseline to 0.70 at 36 months (P = 0.146), 0.82 at 48 months (P = 0.004), and 0.92 at 108 months (P = 0.021). Improvement in visual acuity at the final visits was associated with baseline visual acuity and central foveal thickness. Massive subretinal hemorrhage, fibrotic scars, and macular atrophy developed in 4 (4.7%), 9 (10.6%), and 50 (56.8%) eyes, respectively, at the final visits, and were all significantly associated with final visual acuity (P = 0.013, P < 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: Long-term stabilization of vision in patients with RAP, regardless of treatment modality, was difficult to achieve by using intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents. Earlier detection and treatment are important to maintain visual acuity in patients with RAP.Keywords: ranibizumab, aflibercept, retinal angiomatous proliferation, age-related macular degeneration, intravitreal injection &nbsp

Published
2019

15. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near the Event Horizon

Author

Akiyama, K. Algaba, J.C. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Anantua, R. Asada, K. Azulay, R. Baczko, A.-K. Ball, D. Baloković, M. Barrett, J. Benson, B.A. Bintley, D. Blackburn, L. Blundell, R. Boland, W. Bouman, K.L. Bower, G.C. Boyce, H. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.D. Brissenden, R. Britzen, S. Broderick, A.E. Broguiere, D. Bronzwaer, T. Byun, D.-Y. Carlstrom, J.E. Chael, A. Chan, C.-K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, K. Chen, M.-T. Chen, Y. Chesler, P.M. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conway, J.E. Cordes, J.M. Crawford, T.M. Crew, G.B. Cruz-Osorio, A. Cui, Y. Davelaar, J. De Laurentis, M. Deane, R. Dempsey, J. Desvignes, G. Dexter, J. Doeleman, S.S. Eatough, R.P. Falcke, H. Farah, J. Fish, V.L. Fomalont, E. Ford, H.A. Fraga-Encinas, R. Friberg, P. Fromm, C.M. Fuentes, A. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. Garciá, R. Gelles, Z. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Goddi, C. Gold, R. Gómez, J.L. Gómez-Ruiz, A.I. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hada, K. Haggard, D. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, R. Himwich, E. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.-W.L. Huang, L. Hughes, D.H. Ikeda, S. Inoue, M. Issaoun, S. James, D.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Janssen, M. Jeter, B. Jiang, W. Jimenez-Rosales, A. Johnson, M.D. Jorstad, S. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kawashima, T. Keating, G.K. Kettenis, M. Kim, D.-J. Kim, J.-Y. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kino, M. Koay, J.Y. Kofuji, Y. Koch, P.M. Koyama, S. Kramer, M. Kramer, C. Krichbaum, T.P. Kuo, C.-Y. Lauer, T.R. Lee, S.-S. Levis, A. Li, Y.-R. Li, Z. Lindqvist, M. Lico, R. Lindahl, G. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liuzzo, E. Lo, W.-P. Lobanov, A.P. Loinard, L. Lonsdale, C. Lu, R.-S. Macdonald, N.R. Mao, J. Marchili, N. Markoff, S. Marrone, D.P. Marscher, A.P. Martí-Vidal, I. Matsushita, S. Matthews, L.D. Medeiros, L. Menten, K.M. Mizuno, I. Mizuno, Y. Moran, J.M. Moriyama, K. Moscibrodzka, M. Müller, C. Musoke, G. Mejiás, A.M. Michalik, D. Nadolski, A. Nagai, H. Nagar, N.M. Nakamura, M. Narayan, R. Narayanan, G. Natarajan, I. Nathanail, A. Neilsen, J. Neri, R. Ni, C. Noutsos, A. Nowak, M.A. Okino, H. Olivares, H. Ortiz-León, G.N. Oyama, T. zel, F. Palumbo, D.C.M. Park, J. Patel, N. Pen, U.-L. Pesce, D.W. Piétu, V. Plambeck, R. Popstefanija, A. Porth, O. Pötzl, F.M. Prather, B. Preciado-López, J.A. Psaltis, D. Pu, H.-Y. Ramakrishnan, V. Rao, R. Rawlings, M.G. Raymond, A.W. Rezzolla, L. Ricarte, A. Ripperda, B. Roelofs, F. Rogers, A. Ros, E. Rose, M. Roshanineshat, A. Rottmann, H. Roy, A.L. Ruszczyk, C. Rygl, K.L.J. Sánchez, S. Sánchez-Arguelles, D. Sasada, M. Savolainen, T. Schloerb, F.P. Schuster, K.-F. Shao, L. Shen, Z. Small, D. Sohn, B.W. Soohoo, J. Sun, H. Tazaki, F. Tetarenko, A.J. Tiede, P. Tilanus, R.P.J. Titus, M. Toma, K. Torne, P. Trent, T. Traianou, E. Trippe, S. Bemmel, I.V. Van Langevelde, H.J. Van Rossum, D.R. Wagner, J. Ward-Thompson, D. Wardle, J. Weintroub, J. Wex, N. Wharton, R. Wielgus, M. Wong, G.N. Wu, Q. Yoon, D. Young, A. Young, K. Younsi, Z. Yuan, F. Yuan, Y.-F. Zensus, J.A. Zhao, G.-Y. Zhao, S.-S.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n e ∼ 104-7 cm-3, magnetic field strength B ∼ 1-30 G, and electron temperature T e ∼ (1-12) 1010 K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3-20) 10-4 M o˙ yr-1. © 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..

Published
2021

16. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author

Algaba, J.C. Anczarski, J. Asada, K. Baloković, M. Chandra, S. Cui, Y.-Z. Falcone, A.D. Giroletti, M. Goddi, C. Hada, K. Haggard, D. Jorstad, S. Kaur, A. Kawashima, T. Keating, G. Kim, J.-Y. Kino, M. Komossa, S. Kravchenko, E.V. Krichbaum, T.P. Lee, S.-S. Lu, R.-S. Lucchini, M. Markoff, S. Neilsen, J. Nowak, M.A. Park, J. Principe, G. Ramakrishnan, V. Reynolds, M.T. Sasada, M. Savchenko, S.S. Williamson, K.E. Akiyama, K. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Anantua, R. Azulay, R. Baczko, A.-K. Ball, D. Barrett, J. Bintley, D. Benson, B.A. Blackburn, L. Blundell, R. Boland, W. Bouman, K.L. Bower, G.C. Boyce, H. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.D. Brissenden, R. Britzen, S. Broderick, A.E. Broguiere, D. Bronzwaer, T. Byun, D.-Y. Carlstrom, J.E. Chael, A. Chan, C.-K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, K. Chen, M.-T. Chen, Y. Chesler, P.M. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conway, J.E. Cordes, J.M. Crawford, T.M. Crew, G.B. Cruz-Osorio, A. Davelaar, J. De Laurentis, M. Deane, R. Dempsey, J. Desvignes, G. Dexter, J. Doeleman, S.S. Eatough, R.P. Falcke, H. Farah, J. Fish, V.L. Fomalont, E. Ford, H.A. Fraga-Encinas, R. Friberg, P. Fromm, C.M. Fuentes, A. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. García, R. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Gold, R. Gómez, J.L. Gómez-Ruiz, A.I. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, R. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.-W.L. Huang, L. Hughes, D.H. Ikeda, S. Inoue, M. Issaoun, S. James, D.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Janssen, M. Jeter, B. Jiang, W. Jiménez-Rosales, A. Johnson, M.D. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kettenis, M. Kim, D.-J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Koay, J.Y. Kofuji, Y. Koch, P.M. Koyama, S. Kramer, M. Kramer, C. Kuo, C.-Y. Lauer, T.R. Levis, A. Li, Y.-R. Li, Z. Lindqvist, M. Lico, R. Lindahl, G. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liuzzo, E. Lo, W.-P. Lobanov, A.P. Loinard, L. Lonsdale, C. Macdonald, N.R. Mao, J. Marchili, N. Marrone, D.P. Marscher, A.P. Martí-Vidal, I. Matsushita, S. Matthews, L.D. Medeiros, L. Menten, K.M. Mizuno, I. Mizuno, Y. Moran, J.M. Moriyama, K. Moscibrodzka, M. Müller, C. Musoke, G. Mejías, A.M. Nagai, H. Nagar, N.M. Nakamura, M. Narayan, R. Narayanan, G. Natarajan, I. Nathanail, A. Neri, R. Ni, C. Noutsos, A. Okino, H. Olivares, H. Ortiz-León, G.N. Oyama, T. Ozel, F. Palumbo, D.C.M. Patel, N. Pen, U.-L. Pesce, D.W. Piétu, V. Plambeck, R. Popstefanija, A. Porth, O. Pötzl, F.M. Prather, B. Preciado-López, J.A. Psaltis, D. Pu, H.-Y. Rao, R. Rawlings, M.G. Raymond, A.W. Rezzolla, L. Ricarte, A. Ripperda, B. Roelofs, F. Rogers, A. Ros, E. Rose, M. Roshanineshat, A. Rottmann, H. Roy, A.L. Ruszczyk, C. Rygl, K.L.J. Sánchez, S. Sánchez-Arguelles, D. Savolainen, T. Schloerb, F.P. Schuster, K.-F. Shao, L. Shen, Z. Small, D. Sohn, B.W. Soohoo, J. Sun, H. Tazaki, F. Tetarenko, A.J. Tiede, P. Tilanus, R.P.J. Titus, M. Toma, K. Torne, P. Trent, T. Traianou, E. Trippe, S. Van Bemmel, I. Van Langevelde, H.J. Van Rossum, D.R. Wagner, J. Ward-Thompson, D. Wardle, J. Weintroub, J. Wex, N. Wharton, R. Wielgus, M. Wong, G.N. Wu, Q. Yoon, D. Young, A. Young, K. Younsi, Z. Yuan, F. Yuan, Y.-F. Zensus, J.A. Zhao, G.-Y. Zhao, S.-S. Principe, G. Giroletti, M. D'Ammando, F. Orienti, M. Abdalla, H. Adam, R. Aharonian, F. Benkhali, F.A. Angüner, E.O. Arcaro, C. Armand, C. Armstrong, T. Ashkar, H. Backes, M. Baghmanyan, V. Barbosa Martins, V. Barnacka, A. Barnard, M. Becherini, Y. Berge, D. Bernlöhr, K. Bi, B. Böttcher, M. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. De Bony De Lavergne, M. Breuhaus, M. Brun, F. Brun, P. Bryan, M. Büchele, M. Bulik, T. Bylund, T. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Casanova, S. Chand, T. Chen, A. Cotter, G. Curyło, M. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J. Davids, I.D. Davies, J. Deil, C. Devin, J. Dewilt, P. Dirson, L. Djannati-Ataï, A. Dmytriiev, A. Donath, A. Doroshenko, V. Duffy, C. Dyks, J. Egberts, K. Eichhorn, F. Einecke, S. Emery, G. Ernenwein, J.-P. Feijen, K. Fegan, S. Fiasson, A. De Clairfontaine, G.F. Fontaine, G. Funk, S. Füßling, M. Gabici, S. Gallant, Y.A. Giavitto, G. Giunti, L. Glawion, D. Glicenstein, J.F. Gottschall, D. Grondin, M.-H. Hahn, J. Haupt, M. Hermann, G. Hinton, J.A. Hofmann, W. Hoischen, C. Holch, T.L. Holler, M. Hörbe, M. Horns, D. Huber, D. Jamrozy, M. Jankowsky, D. Jankowsky, F. Jardin-Blicq, A. Joshi, V. Jung-Richardt, I. Kasai, E. Kastendieck, M.A. Katarzyński, K. Katz, U. Khangulyan, D. Khélifi, B. Klepser, S. Kluźniak, W. Komin, N. Konno, R. Kosack, K. Kostunin, D. Kreter, M. Lamanna, G. Lemiere, A. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Lenain, J.-P. Levy, C. Lohse, T. Lypova, I. Mackey, J. Majumdar, J. Malyshev, D. Malyshev, D. Marandon, V. Marchegiani, P. Marcowith, A. Mares, A. Martí-Devesa, G. Marx, R. Maurin, G. Meintjes, P.J. Meyer, M. Moderski, R. Mohamed, M. Mohrmann, L. Montanari, A. Moore, C. Morris, P. Moulin, E. Muller, J. Murach, T. Nakashima, K. Nayerhoda, A. De Naurois, M. Ndiyavala, H. Niederwanger, F. Niemiec, J. Oakes, L. O'Brien, P. Odaka, H. Ohm, S. Olivera-Nieto, L. De Ona Wilhelmi, E. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Panny, S. Parsons, R.D. Peron, G. Peyaud, B. Piel, Q. Pita, S. Poireau, V. Noel, A.P. Prokhorov, D.A. Prokoph, H. Pühlhofer, G. Punch, M. Quirrenbach, A. Rauth, R. Reichherzer, P. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Remy, Q. Renaud, M. Rieger, F. Rinchiuso, L. Romoli, C. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Sahakian, V. Sailer, S. Sanchez, D.A. Santangelo, A. Sasaki, M. Scalici, M. Schutte, H.M. Schwanke, U. Schwemmer, S. Seglar-Arroyo, M. Senniappan, M. Seyffert, A.S. Shafi, N. Shiningayamwe, K. Simoni, R. Sinha, A. Sol, H. Specovius, A. Spencer, S. Spir-Jacob, M. Stawarz, Ł. Sun, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Steinmassl, S. Steppa, C. Takahashi, T. Tavernier, T. Taylor, A.M. Terrier, R. Tiziani, D. Tluczykont, M. Tomankova, L. Trichard, C. Tsirou, M. Tuffs, R. Uchiyama, Y. Van Der Walt, D.J. Van Eldik, C. Van Rensburg, C. Van Soelen, B. Vasileiadis, G. Veh, J. Venter, C. Vincent, P. Vink, J. Völk, H.J. Vuillaume, T. Wadiasingh, Z. Wagner, S.J. Watson, J. Werner, F. White, R. Wierzcholska, A. Wong, Y.W. Yusafzai, A. Zacharias, M. Zanin, R. Zargaryan, D. Zdziarski, A.A. Zech, A. Zhu, S.J. Zorn, J. Zouari, S. Żywucka, N. Acciari, V.A. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A.A. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baquero, A. De Almeida, U.B. Barrio, J.A. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bellizzi, L. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharyya, W. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Busetto, G. Carosi, R. Ceribella, G. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cikota, S. Colak, S.M. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D'Amico, G. D'Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Delgado Mendez, C. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Do Souto Espineira, E. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Fallah Ramazani, V. Fattorini, A. Ferrara, G. Fonseca, M.V. Font, L. Fruck, C. Fukami, S. García López, R.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Green, J.G. Green, D. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hoang, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inoue, S. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jiménez, I. Jormanainen, J. Jouvin, L. Kajiwara, Y. Karjalainen, M. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamastra, A. Lelas, D. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B. Maggio, C. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Minev, M. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. Molina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Moreno, V. Moretti, E. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Oka, T. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J.M. Pavletić, L. Penil, P. Perennes, C. Persic, M. Moroni, P.G.P. Prandini, E. Priyadarshi, C. Puljak, I. Rhode, W. Ribó, M. Rico, J. Righi, C. Rugliancich, A. Saha, L. Sahakyan, N. Saito, T. Sakurai, S. Satalecka, K. Saturni, F.G. Schleicher, B. Schmidt, K. Schweizer, T. Sitarek, J. Šnidarić, I. Sobczynska, D. Spolon, A. Stamerra, A. Strom, D. Strzys, M. Suda, Y. Surić, T. Takahashi, M. Tavecchio, F. Temnikov, P. Terzić, T. Teshima, M. Tosti, L. Truzzi, S. Tutone, A. Ubach, S. Van Scherpenberg, J. Vanzo, G. Vazquez Acosta, M. Ventura, S. Verguilov, V. Vigorito, C.F. Vitale, V. Vovk, I. Will, M. Wunderlich, C. Zarić, D. Adams, C.B. Benbow, W. Brill, A. Capasso, M. Christiansen, J.L. Chromey, A.J. Daniel, M.K. Errando, M. Farrell, K.A. Feng, Q. Finley, J.P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Gent, A. Giuri, C. Hassan, T. Hervet, O. Holder, J. Hughes, G. Humensky, T.B. Jin, W. Kaaret, P. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Kumar, S. Lang, M.J. Lundy, M. Maier, G. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nieto, D. Nievas-Rosillo, M. O'Brien, S. Ong, R.A. Otte, A.N. Patel, S. Pfrang, K. Pohl, M. Prado, R.R. Pueschel, E. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P.T. Ribeiro, D. Richards, G.T. Roache, E. Rulten, C. Ryan, J.L. Santander, M. Sembroski, G.H. Shang, R. Weinstein, A. Williams, D.A. Williamson, T.J. Hirota, T. Cui, L. Niinuma, K. Ro, H. Sakai, N. Sawada-Satoh, S. Wajima, K. Wang, N. Liu, X. Yonekura, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded. © 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..

Published
2021

17. Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87∗

Author

Kocherlakota, P. Rezzolla, L. Falcke, H. Fromm, C.M. Kramer, M. Mizuno, Y. Nathanail, A. Olivares, H. Younsi, Z. Akiyama, K. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Algaba, J.C. Anantua, R. Asada, K. Azulay, R. Baczko, A.-K. Ball, D. Baloković, M. Barrett, J. Benson, B.A. Bintley, D. Blackburn, L. Blundell, R. Boland, W. Bouman, K.L. Bower, G.C. Boyce, H. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.D. Brissenden, R. Britzen, S. Broderick, A.E. Broguiere, D. Bronzwaer, T. Byun, D.-Y. Carlstrom, J.E. Chael, A. Chan, C.-K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, K. Chen, M.-T. Chen, Y. Chesler, P.M. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conway, J.E. Cordes, J.M. Crawford, T.M. Crew, G.B. Cruz-Osorio, A. Cui, Y. Davelaar, J. De Laurentis, M. Deane, R. Dempsey, J. Desvignes, G. Doeleman, S.S. Eatough, R.P. Farah, J. Fish, V.L. Fomalont, E. Fraga-Encinas, R. Friberg, P. Ford, H.A. Fuentes, A. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. García, R. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Goddi, C. Gold, R. Gómez, J.L. Gómez-Ruiz, A.I. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hada, K. Haggard, D. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, R. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.-W.L. Huang, L. Hughes, D.H. Ikeda, S. Inoue, M. Issaoun, S. James, D.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Janssen, M. Jeter, B. Jiang, W. Jimenez-Rosales, A. Johnson, M.D. Jorstad, S. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kawashima, T. Keating, G.K. Kettenis, M. Kim, D.-J. Kim, J.-Y. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kino, M. Koay, J.Y. Kofuji, Y. Koch, P.M. Koyama, S. Kramer, C. Krichbaum, T.P. Kuo, C.-Y. Lauer, T.R. Lee, S.-S. Levis, A. Li, Y.-R. Li, Z. Lindqvist, M. Lico, R. Lindahl, G. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liuzzo, E. Lo, W.-P. Lobanov, A.P. Loinard, L. Lonsdale, C. Lu, R.-S. Macdonald, N.R. Mao, J. Marchili, N. Markoff, S. Marrone, D.P. Marscher, A.P. Martí-Vidal, I. Matsushita, S. Matthews, L.D. Medeiros, L. Menten, K.M. Mizuno, I. Moran, J.M. Moriyama, K. Moscibrodzka, M. Müller, C. Musoke, G. Mejías, A.M. Nagai, H. Nagar, N.M. Nakamura, M. Narayan, R. Narayanan, G. Natarajan, I. Neilsen, J. Neri, R. Ni, C. Noutsos, A. Nowak, M.A. Okino, H. Ortiz-León, G.N. Oyama, T. Özel, F. Palumbo, D.C.M. Park, J. Patel, N. Pen, U.-L. Pesce, D.W. Piétu, V. Plambeck, R. Popstefanija, A. Porth, O. Pötzl, F.M. Prather, B. Preciado-López, J.A. Psaltis, D. Pu, H.-Y. Ramakrishnan, V. Rao, R. Rawlings, M.G. Raymond, A.W. Ricarte, A. Ripperda, B. Roelofs, F. Rogers, A. Ros, E. Rose, M. Roshanineshat, A. Rottmann, H. Roy, A.L. Ruszczyk, C. Rygl, K.L.J. Sánchez, S. Sánchez-Arguelles, D. Sasada, M. Savolainen, T. Schloerb, F.P. Schuster, K.-F. Shao, L. Shen, Z. Small, D. Sohn, B.W. Soohoo, J. Sun, H. Tazaki, F. Tetarenko, A.J. Tiede, P. Tilanus, R.P.J. Titus, M. Toma, K. Torne, P. Trent, T. Traianou, E. Trippe, S. Van Bemmel, I. Van Langevelde, H.J. Van Rossum, D.R. Wagner, J. Ward-Thompson, D. Wardle, J. Weintroub, J. Wex, N. Wharton, R. Wielgus, M. Wong, G.N. Wu, Q. Yoon, D. Young, A. Young, K. Yuan, F. Yuan, Y.-F. Zensus, J.A. Zhao, G.-Y. Zhao, S.-S. (EHT Collaboration)

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87∗ shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges of a large variety of nonrotating or rotating black holes. For example, we show that the quality of the measurements is already sufficient to rule out that M87∗ is a highly charged dilaton black hole. Similarly, when considering black holes with two physical and independent charges, we are able to exclude considerable regions of the space of parameters for the doubly-charged dilaton and the Sen black holes. © 2021 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

Published
2021

18. Event Horizon Telescope observations of the jet launching and collimation in Centaurus A

Author

Janssen, M. Falcke, H. Kadler, M. Ros, E. Wielgus, M. Akiyama, K. Baloković, M. Blackburn, L. Bouman, K.L. Chael, A. Chan, C.-K. Chatterjee, K. Davelaar, J. Edwards, P.G. Fromm, C.M. Gómez, J.L. Goddi, C. Issaoun, S. Johnson, M.D. Kim, J. Koay, J.Y. Krichbaum, T.P. Liu, J. Liuzzo, E. Markoff, S. Markowitz, A. Marrone, D.P. Mizuno, Y. Müller, C. Ni, C. Pesce, D.W. Ramakrishnan, V. Roelofs, F. Rygl, K.L.J. van Bemmel, I. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Algaba, J.C. Anantua, R. Asada, K. Azulay, R. Baczko, A.-K. Ball, D. Barrett, J. Benson, B.A. Bintley, D. Blundell, R. Boland, W. Bower, G.C. Boyce, H. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.D. Brissenden, R. Britzen, S. Broderick, A.E. Broguiere, D. Bronzwaer, T. Byun, D.-Y. Carlstrom, J.E. Chatterjee, S. Chen, M.-T. Chen, Y. Chesler, P.M. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conway, J.E. Cordes, J.M. Crawford, T.M. Crew, G.B. Cruz-Osorio, A. Cui, Y. De Laurentis, M. Deane, R. Dempsey, J. Desvignes, G. Dexter, J. Doeleman, S.S. Eatough, R.P. Farah, J. Fish, V.L. Fomalont, E. Ford, H.A. Fraga-Encinas, R. Friberg, P. Fuentes, A. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. García, R. Gelles, Z. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Gold, R. Gómez-Ruiz, A.I. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hada, K. Haggard, D. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, R. Himwich, E. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.-W.L. Huang, L. Hughes, D.H. Ikeda, S. Inoue, M. James, D.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Jeter, B. Jiang, W. Jimenez-Rosales, A. Jorstad, S. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kawashima, T. Keating, G.K. Kettenis, M. Kim, D.-J. Kim, J.-Y. Kim, J. Kino, M. Kofuji, Y. Koyama, S. Kramer, M. Kramer, C. Kuo, C.-Y. Lauer, T.R. Lee, S.-S. Levis, A. Li, Y.-R. Li, Z. Lindqvist, M. Lico, R. Lindahl, G. Liu, K. Lo, W.-P. Lobanov, A.P. Loinard, L. Lonsdale, C. Lu, R.-S. MacDonald, N.R. Mao, J. Marchili, N. Marscher, A.P. Martí-Vidal, I. Matsushita, S. Matthews, L.D. Medeiros, L. Menten, K.M. Mizuno, I. Moran, J.M. Moriyama, K. Moscibrodzka, M. Musoke, G. Mejías, A.M. Nagai, H. Nagar, N.M. Nakamura, M. Narayan, R. Narayanan, G. Natarajan, I. Nathanail, A. Neilsen, J. Neri, R. Noutsos, A. Nowak, M.A. Okino, H. Olivares, H. Ortiz-León, G.N. Oyama, T. Özel, F. Palumbo, D.C.M. Park, J. Patel, N. Pen, U.-L. Piétu, V. Plambeck, R. PopStefanija, A. Porth, O. Pötzl, F.M. Prather, B. Preciado-López, J.A. Psaltis, D. Pu, H.-Y. Rao, R. Rawlings, M.G. Raymond, A.W. Rezzolla, L. Ricarte, A. Ripperda, B. Rogers, A. Rose, M. Roshanineshat, A. Rottmann, H. Roy, A.L. Ruszczyk, C. Sánchez, S. Sánchez-Arguelles, D. Sasada, M. Savolainen, T. Schloerb, F.P. Schuster, K.-F. Shao, L. Shen, Z. Small, D. Sohn, B.W. SooHoo, J. Sun, H. Tazaki, F. Tetarenko, A.J. Tiede, P. Tilanus, R.P.J. Titus, M. Torne, P. Trent, T. Traianou, E. Trippe, S. van Bemmel, I. van Langevelde, H.J. van Rossum, D.R. Wagner, J. Ward-Thompson, D. Wardle, J. Weintroub, J. Wex, N. Wharton, R. Wong, G.N. Wu, Q. Yoon, D. Young, A. Young, K. Younsi, Z. Yuan, F. Yuan, Y.-F. Zensus, J.A. Zhao, G.-Y. Zhao, S.-S. The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

Abstract

Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of active galactic nuclei at millimetre wavelengths have the power to reveal the launching and initial collimation region of extragalactic radio jets, down to 10–100 gravitational radii (rg ≡ GM/c2) scales in nearby sources1. Centaurus A is the closest radio-loud source to Earth2. It bridges the gap in mass and accretion rate between the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 and our Galactic Centre. A large southern declination of −43° has, however, prevented VLBI imaging of Centaurus A below a wavelength of 1 cm thus far. Here we show the millimetre VLBI image of the source, which we obtained with the Event Horizon Telescope at 228 GHz. Compared with previous observations3, we image the jet of Centaurus A at a tenfold higher frequency and sixteen times sharper resolution and thereby probe sub-lightday structures. We reveal a highly collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet as well as the fainter counterjet. We find that the source structure of Centaurus A resembles the jet in Messier 87 on ~500 rg scales remarkably well. Furthermore, we identify the location of Centaurus A’s SMBH with respect to its resolved jet core at a wavelength of 1.3 mm and conclude that the source’s event horizon shadow4 should be visible at terahertz frequencies. This location further supports the universal scale invariance of black holes over a wide range of masses5,6. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

20. Polarimetric Properties of Event Horizon Telescope Targets from ALMA

Author

Goddi, C. Martí-Vidal, I. Messias, H. Bower, G.C. Broderick, A.E. Dexter, J. Marrone, D.P. Moscibrodzka, M. Nagai, H. Algaba, J.C. Asada, K. Crew, G.B. Gómez, J.L. Impellizzeri, C.M.V. Janssen, M. Kadler, M. Krichbaum, T.P. Lico, R. Matthews, L.D. Nathanail, A. Ricarte, A. Ros, E. Younsi, Z. Akiyama, K. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Anantua, R. Azulay, R. Baczko, A.-K. Ball, D. Baloković, M. Barrett, J. Benson, B.A. Bintley, D. Blackburn, L. Blundell, R. Boland, W. Bouman, K.L. Boyce, H. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.D. Brissenden, R. Britzen, S. Broguiere, D. Bronzwaer, T. Byun, D.-Y. Carlstrom, J.E. Chael, A. Chan, C.-K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, K. Chen, M.-T. Chen, Y. Chesler, P.M. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conway, J.E. Cordes, J.M. Crawford, T.M. Cruz-Osorio, A. Cui, Y. Davelaar, J. De Laurentis, M. Deane, R. Dempsey, J. Desvignes, G. Doeleman, S.S. Eatough, R.P. Falcke, H. Farah, J. Fish, V.L. Fomalont, E. Ford, H.A. Fraga-Encinas, R. Freeman, W.T. Friberg, P. Fromm, C.M. Fuentes, A. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. Garciá, R. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Gold, R. Gómez-Ruiz, A.I. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hada, K. Haggard, D. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, R. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.-W.L. Huang, L. Hughes, D.H. Inoue, M. Issaoun, S. James, D.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Jeter, B. Jiang, W. Jimenez-Rosales, A. Johnson, M.D. Jorstad, S. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kawashima, T. Keating, G.K. Kettenis, M. Kim, D.-J. Kim, J.-Y. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kino, M. Koay, J.Y. Kofuji, Y. Koch, P.M. Koyama, S. Kramer, M. Kramer, C. Kuo, C.-Y. Lauer, T.R. Lee, S.-S. Levis, A. Li, Y.-R. Li, Z. Lindqvist, M. Lindahl, G. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liuzzo, E. Lo, W.-P. Lobanov, A.P. Loinard, L. Lonsdale, C. Lu, R.-S. Macdonald, N.R. Mao, J. Marchili, N. Markoff, S. Marscher, A.P. Matsushita, S. Medeiros, L. Menten, K.M. Mizuno, I. Mizuno, Y. Moran, J.M. Moriyama, K. Müller, C. Musoke, G. Mejiás, A.M. Nagar, N.M. Nakamura, M. Narayan, R. Narayanan, G. Natarajan, I. Neilsen, J. Neri, R. Ni, C. Noutsos, A. Nowak, M.A. Okino, H. Olivares, H. Ortiz-León, G.N. Oyama, T. zel, F. Palumbo, D.C.M. Park, J. Patel, N. Pen, U.-L. Pesce, D.W. Piétu, V. Plambeck, R. Popstefanija, A. Porth, O. Pötzl, F.M. Prather, B. Preciado-López, J.A. Psaltis, D. Pu, H.-Y. Ramakrishnan, V. Rao, R. Rawlings, M.G. Raymond, A.W. Rezzolla, L. Ripperda, B. Roelofs, F. Rogers, A. Rose, M. Roshanineshat, A. Rottmann, H. Roy, A.L. Ruszczyk, C. Rygl, K.L.J. Sánchez, S. Sánchez-Arguelles, D. Sasada, M. Savolainen, T. Schloerb, F.P. Schuster, K.-F. Shao, L. Shen, Z. Small, D. Sohn, B.W. Soohoo, J. Sun, H. Tazaki, F. Tetarenko, A.J. Tiede, P. Tilanus, R.P.J. Titus, M. Toma, K. Torne, P. Trent, T. Traianou, E. Trippe, S. Bemmel, I.V. Van Langevelde, H.J. Van Rossum, D.R. Wagner, J. Ward-Thompson, D. Wardle, J. Weintroub, J. Wex, N. Wharton, R. Wielgus, M. Wong, G.N. Wu, Q. Yoon, D. Young, A. Young, K. Yuan, F. Yuan, Y.-F. Zensus, J.A. Zhao, G.-Y. Zhao, S.-S. Bruni, G. Gopakumar, A. Hernández-Gómez, A. Herrero-Illana, R. Ingram, A. Komossa, S. Kovalev, Y.Y. Muders, D. Perucho, M. Rösch, F. Valtonen, M.

Abstract

We present the results from a full polarization study carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) during the first Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) campaign, which was conducted in 2017 April in the λ3 mm and λ1.3 mm bands, in concert with the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), respectively. We determine the polarization and Faraday properties of all VLBI targets, including Sgr A∗, M87, and a dozen radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), in the two bands at several epochs in a time window of 10 days. We detect high linear polarization fractions (2%-15%) and large rotation measures (RM > 103.3-105.5 rad m-2), confirming the trends of previous AGN studies at millimeter wavelengths. We find that blazars are more strongly polarized than other AGNs in the sample, while exhibiting (on average) order-of-magnitude lower RM values, consistent with the AGN viewing angle unification scheme. For Sgr A∗ we report a mean RM of (-4.2 0.3) 105 rad m-2 at 1.3 mm, consistent with measurements over the past decade and, for the first time, an RM of (-2.1 0.1) 105 rad m-2 at 3 mm, suggesting that about half of the Faraday rotation at 1.3 mm may occur between the 3 mm photosphere and the 1.3 mm source. We also report the first unambiguous measurement of RM toward the M87 nucleus at millimeter wavelengths, which undergoes significant changes in magnitude and sign reversals on a one year timescale, spanning the range from -1.2 to 0.3 105 rad m-2 at 3 mm and -4.1 to 1.5 105 rad m-2 at 1.3 mm. Given this time variability, we argue that, unlike the case of Sgr A∗, the RM in M87 does not provide an accurate estimate of the mass accretion rate onto the black hole. We put forward a two-component model, comprised of a variable compact region and a static extended region, that can simultaneously explain the polarimetric properties observed by both the EHT (on horizon scales) and ALMA (which observes the combined emission from both components). These measurements provide critical constraints for the calibration, analysis, and interpretation of simultaneously obtained VLBI data with the EHT and GMVA. © 2021. The American Astronomical Society.

Published
2021

21. Intravenous alteplase for unknown time of onset stroke guided by advanced imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

Author

Thomalla, G., Boutitie, F., Ma, H., Koga, M., Ringleb, P., Schwamm, L.H., Wu, O., Bendszus, M., Bladin, C.F., Campbell, B.C.V., Cheng, B., Churilov, L., Ebinger, M., Endres, M., Fiebach, J.B., Fukuda-Doi, M., Inoue, M., Kleinig, T.J., Latour, L.L., Lemmens, R., Levi, C.R., Leys, D., Miwa, K., Molina, C., Muir, K.W., Nighoghossian, N., Parsons, M.W., Pedraza, S., Schellinger, P., Schwab, S., Simonsen, C.Z., Song, S.S., Thijs, V., Toni, D., Hsu, C., Wahlgren, N., Yamamoto, H., Yassi, N., Yoshimura, S., Warach, S., Hacke, W., Toyoda, K., Donnan, G.A., Davis, S.M., and Gerloff, C.

Abstract

Background: \ud Patients who have had a stroke with unknown time of onset have been previously excluded from thrombolysis. We aimed to establish whether intravenous alteplase is safe and effective in such patients when salvageable tissue has been identified with imaging biomarkers.\ud \ud Methods: \ud We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data for trials published before Sept 21, 2020. Randomised trials of intravenous alteplase versus standard of care or placebo in adults with stroke with unknown time of onset with perfusion-diffusion MRI, perfusion CT, or MRI with diffusion weighted imaging-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (DWI-FLAIR) mismatch were eligible. The primary outcome was favourable functional outcome (score of 0–1 on the modified Rankin Scale [mRS]) at 90 days indicating no disability using an unconditional mixed-effect logistic-regression model fitted to estimate the treatment effect. Secondary outcomes were mRS shift towards a better functional outcome and independent outcome (mRS 0–2) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included death, severe disability or death (mRS score 4–6), and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020166903.\ud \ud Findings: \ud Of 249 identified abstracts, four trials met our eligibility criteria for inclusion: WAKE-UP, EXTEND, THAWS, and ECASS-4. The four trials provided individual patient data for 843 individuals, of whom 429 (51%) were assigned to alteplase and 414 (49%) to placebo or standard care. A favourable outcome occurred in 199 (47%) of 420 patients with alteplase and in 160 (39%) of 409 patients among controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1·49 [95% CI 1·10–2·03]; p=0·011), with low heterogeneity across studies (I2=27%). Alteplase was associated with a significant shift towards better functional outcome (adjusted common OR 1·38 [95% CI 1·05–1·80]; p=0·019), and a higher odds of independent outcome (adjusted OR 1·50 [1·06–2·12]; p=0·022). In the alteplase group, 90 (21%) patients were severely disabled or died (mRS score 4–6), compared with 102 (25%) patients in the control group (adjusted OR 0·76 [0·52–1·11]; p=0·15). 27 (6%) patients died in the alteplase group and 14 (3%) patients died among controls (adjusted OR 2·06 [1·03–4·09]; p=0·040). The prevalence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage was higher in the alteplase group than among controls (11 [3%] vs two [

Published
2020

22. Call to Action: SARS-CoV-2 and CerebrovAscular DisordErs (CASCADE)

Author

Abootalebi, S. Aertker, B.M. Andalibi, M.S. Asdaghi, N. Aykac, O. Azarpazhooh, M.R. Bahit, M.C. Barlinn, K. Basri, H. Shahripour, R.B. Bersano, A. Biller, J. Borhani-Haghighi, A. Brown, R.D. Campbell, B.C. Cruz-Flores, S. De Silva, D.A. Napoli, M.D. Divani, A.A. Edgell, R.C. Fifi, J.T. Ghoreishi, A. Hirano, T. Hong, K.-S. Hsu, C.Y. Huang, J.F. Inoue, M. Jagolino, A.L. Kapral, M. Kee, H.F. Keser, Z. Khatri, R. Koga, M. Krupinski, J. Liebeskind, D.S. Liu, L. Ma, H. Maud, A. McCullough, L.D. Meyer, D.M. Mifsud, V. Morovatdar, N. Nilanont, Y. Oxley, T.J. Özdemir, A.Ö. Pandian, J. Pantoni, L. Papamitsakis, N.I.H. Parry-Jones, A. Phan, T. Rodriguez, G. Romano, J.G. Sabaa-Ayoun, Z. Saber, H. Sasannezhad, P. Saver, J.L. Scharf, E. Shuaib, A. Silver, B. Singhal, S. Smith, C.J. Stranges, S. Sylaja, P.N. Torbey, M. Toyoda, K. Tsivgoulis, G. Wasay, M. Yassi, N. Yoshimoto, T. Zamani, B. Zand, R.

Abstract

Background and purpose: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), now named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may change the risk of stroke through an enhanced systemic inflammatory response, hypercoagulable state, and endothelial damage in the cerebrovascular system. Moreover, due to the current pandemic, some countries have prioritized health resources towards COVID-19 management, making it more challenging to appropriately care for other potentially disabling and fatal diseases such as stroke. The aim of this study is to identify and describe changes in stroke epidemiological trends before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is an international, multicenter, hospital-based study on stroke incidence and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will describe patterns in stroke management, stroke hospitalization rate, and stroke severity, subtype (ischemic/hemorrhagic), and outcomes (including in-hospital mortality) in 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic, comparing them with the corresponding data from 2018 and 2019, and subsequently 2021. We will also use an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to assess the change in stroke hospitalization rates before, during, and after COVID-19, in each participating center. Conclusion: The proposed study will potentially enable us to better understand the changes in stroke care protocols, differential hospitalization rate, and severity of stroke, as it pertains to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, this will help guide clinical-based policies surrounding COVID-19 and other similar global pandemics to ensure that management of cerebrovascular comorbidity is appropriately prioritized during the global crisis. It will also guide public health guidelines for at-risk populations to reduce risks of complications from such comorbidities. © 2020

Published
2020

23. A nomogram to predict unfavourable outcome in patients receiving oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation after stroke

Author

Cappellari, M. Seiffge, D.J. Koga, M. Paciaroni, M. Forlivesi, S. Turcato, G. Bovi, P. Yoshimura, S. Tanaka, K. Shiozawa, M. Yoshimoto, T. Miwa, K. Takagi, M. Inoue, M. Yamagami, H. Caso, V. Tsivgoulis, G. Venti, M. Acciarresi, M. Alberti, A. Toni, D. Polymeris, A. Bonetti, B. Agnelli, G. Toyoda, K. Engelter, S.T. Marchis, G.M.D. on behalf of the SAMURAI-NVAF, RAF-NOAC, NOACISP LONG-TERM, Verona Study Groups

Abstract

Introduction: It is unknown whether the type of treatment (direct oral anticoagulant versus vitamin K antagonist) and the time of treatment introduction (early versus late) may affect the functional outcome in stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model including direct oral anticoagulant/vitamin K antagonist and early/late oral anticoagulant introduction for predicting the probability of unfavourable outcome after stroke in atrial fibrillation-patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted an individual patient data analysis of four prospective studies. Unfavourable functional outcome was defined as three-month modified Rankin Scale score 3 -6. To generate the nomogram, five independent predictors including age (25), acute revascularisation treatments (yes, reference, or no), direct oral anticoagulant (reference) or vitamin K antagonist, and early (7 days, reference) or late (8--30) anticoagulant introduction entered into a final logistic regression model. The discriminative performance of the model was assessed by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: A total of 2102 patients with complete data for generating the nomogram was randomly dichotomised into training (n = 1553) and test (n = 549) sets. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.822 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.800--0.844) in the training set and 0.803 (95% CI: 0.764--0.842) in the test set. The model was adequately calibrated (9.852; p = 0.276 for the Hosmer--Lemeshow test). Discussion and Conclusion: Our nomogram is the first model including type of oral anticoagulant and time of treatment introduction to predict the probability of three-month unfavourable outcome in a large multicentre cohort of stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. © European Stroke Organisation 2020.

Published
2020

24. SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline

Author

Roelofs, F., Janssen, M., Natarajan, I., Deane, R., Davelaar, J., Olivares, H., Porth, O., Paine, S. N., Bouman, K. L., Tilanus, R. P. J., van Bemmel, I. M., Falcke, H., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Baczko, A., Ball, D., Baloković, M., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Blackburn, L., Boland, W., Bower, G. C., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D., Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C., Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crew, G. B., Cui, Y., De Laurentis, M., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Gómez, J. L., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., García, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Goddi, C., Gold, R., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hada, K., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., Johnson, M. D., Jorstad, S., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kawashima, T., Keating, G. K., Kettenis, M., Kim, J., Kino, M., Koay, J. Yi, Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Krichbaum, T. P., Kuo, C., Lauer, T. R., Lee, S., Li, Y., Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Lu, R., MacDonald, N. R., Mao, J., Markoff, S., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Martí-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, Y., Mizuno, I., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., Müller, C., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Ortiz-León, G. N., Oyama, T., Özel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U., Pesce, D. W., Piétu, V., Plambeck, R., PopStefanija, A., Prather, B., Preciado-López, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H., Ramakrishnan, V., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ripperda, B., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Ryan, B. R., Rygl, K. L. J., Sánchez, S., Sánchez-Arguelles, D., Sasada, M., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, K., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. Won, SooHoo, J., Tazaki, F., Tiede, P., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Trent, T., Trippe, S., Tsuda, S., van Langevelde, H. J., van Rossum, D. R., Wagner, J., Wardle, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Weintroub, J., Wex, N., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y., Zensus, J. A., Zhao, G., Zhao, S., and Zhu, Z.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Realistic synthetic observations of theoretical source models are essential for our understanding of real observational data. In using synthetic data, one can verify the extent to which source parameters can be recovered and evaluate how various data corruption effects can be calibrated. These studies are important when proposing observations of new sources, in the characterization of the capabilities of new or upgraded instruments, and when verifying model-based theoretical predictions in a comparison with observational data. We present the SYnthetic Measurement creator for long Baseline Arrays (SYMBA), a novel synthetic data generation pipeline for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. SYMBA takes into account several realistic atmospheric, instrumental, and calibration effects. We used SYMBA to create synthetic observations for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a mm VLBI array, which has recently captured the first image of a black hole shadow. After testing SYMBA with simple source and corruption models, we study the importance of including all corruption and calibration effects. Based on two example general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) model images of M87, we performed case studies to assess the attainable image quality with the current and future EHT array for different weather conditions. The results show that the effects of atmospheric and instrumental corruptions on the measured visibilities are significant. Despite these effects, we demonstrate how the overall structure of the input models can be recovered robustly after performing calibration steps. With the planned addition of new stations to the EHT array, images could be reconstructed with higher angular resolution and dynamic range. In our case study, these improvements allowed for a distinction between a thermal and a non-thermal GRMHD model based on salient features in reconstructed images., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2020
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25. Ischemic stroke despite oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation

Author

Seiffge, D.J. De Marchis, G.M. Koga, M. Paciaroni, M. Wilson, D. Cappellari, M. Macha, K. Tsivgoulis, G. Ambler, G. Arihiro, S. Bonati, L.H. Bonetti, B. Kallmünzer, B. Muir, K.W. Bovi, P. Gensicke, H. Inoue, M. Schwab, S. Yaghi, S. Brown, M.M. Lyrer, P. Takagi, M. Acciarrese, M. Jager, H.R. Polymeris, A.A. Toyoda, K. Venti, M. Traenka, C. Yamagami, H. Alberti, A. Yoshimura, S. Caso, V. Engelter, S.T. Werring, D.J. RAF, RAF-DOAC, CROMIS-2, SAMURAI, NOACISP, Erlangen, Verona registry collaborators

Abstract

Objective: It is not known whether patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with ischemic stroke despite oral anticoagulant therapy are at increased risk for further recurrent strokes or how ongoing secondary prevention should be managed. Methods: We conducted an individual patient data pooled analysis of 7 prospective cohort studies that recruited patients with AF and recent cerebral ischemia. We compared patients taking oral anticoagulants (vitamin K antagonists [VKA] or direct oral anticoagulants [DOAC]) prior to index event (OACprior) with those without prior oral anticoagulation (OACnaive). We further compared those who changed the type (ie, from VKA or DOAC, vice versa, or DOAC to DOAC) of anticoagulation (OACchanged) with those who continued the same anticoagulation as secondary prevention (OACunchanged). Time to recurrent acute ischemic stroke (AIS) was analyzed using multivariate competing risk Fine-Gray models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We included 5,413 patients (median age = 78 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 71-84 years]; 5,136 [96.7%] had ischemic stroke as the index event, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission = 6 [IQR = 2-12]). The median CHA2DS2-Vasc score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category) was 5 (IQR = 4-6) and was similar for OACprior (n = 1,195) and OACnaive (n = 4,119, p = 0.103). During 6,128 patient-years of follow-up, 289 patients had AIS (4.7% per year, 95% CI = 4.2-5.3%). OACprior was associated with an increased risk of AIS (HR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.3, p = 0.005). OACchanged (n = 307) was not associated with decreased risk of AIS (HR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.7-2.1, p = 0.415) compared with OACunchanged (n = 585). Interpretation: Patients with AF who have an ischemic stroke despite previous oral anticoagulation are at a higher risk for recurrent ischemic stroke despite a CHA2DS2-Vasc score similar to those without prior oral anticoagulation. Better prevention strategies are needed for this high-risk patient group. © 2020 The Authors.

Published
2020

26. Comparative effectiveness of switching paroxetine formulation for treatment of major depressive disorder: an open-label multicenter study

Author

Otsubo T, Watanabe Y, Hongo S, Inoue M, Akimoto K, Murakami K, Takahashi R, and Kikuchi T

Subjects
drug formulation, antidepressant, major depressive disorder, switching, controlled-release paroxetine, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, RC321-571
Abstract

Tempei Otsubo,1 Yoshinori Watanabe,2,3 Seiji Hongo,3 Mikichika Inoue,4 Kimiko Akimoto,4 Ken Murakami,5 Ryutaro Takahashi,6 Toshiaki Kikuchi7 1Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan; 2Himorogi Psychiatric Institute, Tokyo, Japan; 3Nanko Clinic of Psychiatry, Shirakawa, Japan; 4Ikebukuro Internal Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 5Murakami Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 6Takahashi Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Aim: To assess the effectiveness and safety of switching the antidepressant formulation from immediate-release (IR) to controlled-release (CR) paroxetine in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Patients and methods: A total of 113 outpatients with MDD diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, and treated with a stable dose of IR paroxetine for at least 6 months were enrolled. Patients were then switched to CR paroxetine for 8 weeks. Effectiveness was evaluated by scores on the Himorogi Self-Rating Depression/Anxiety Scales (HSDS/HSAS) and the Clinical Global Impression – Severity (CGI-S). Safety was evaluated based on the reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Medication satisfaction and preference were assessed based on questionnaire responses using Likert-type scales. Results: The overall patient HSDS/HSAS scores significantly improved after switching from IR to CR paroxetine (P

Published
2018

27. Analyzing Power Measurement for p-3He Elastic Scattering at Intermediate Energies

Author

Watanabe, A., Nakai, S., Wada, Y., Sekiguchi, K., Akieda, T., Etoh, D., Inoue , M., Inoue, Y., Kawahara, K., Takashi, Wakui, and Others

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present a precise measurement of 3He analyzing powers for p-3He elastic scattering with the polarized 3He target at 50, 65, 70, and 100 MeV. The data at 65 and 70 MeV are compared with the theoretical predictions based on the modern nucleon-nucleon potentials. Large discrepancies between the data and the predictions are clearly seen at the angles where the 3He analyzing power takes the minimum and maximum values, which are not explained by Δ-isobar effects.

Published
2021

28. Surgical intervention for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava extension combined with laparoscopic procedure

Author

Kamimura T, Kida K, Takeda M, Sato S, Fujii M, Inoue M, Tsukino H, Mukai S, Nanashima A, Nakamura K, and Kamoto T

Subjects
renal cell carcinoma, IVC extension, cardiovascular system, urologic and male genital diseases, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, combined laparoscopic-open surgery
Abstract

Toshio Kamimura,1 Kazutaka Kida,1 Masashi Takeda,1 Shunsuke Sato,1 Masato Fujii,1 Masahiro Inoue,1 Hiromasa Tsukino,1 Shoichiro Mukai,1 Atsushi Nanashima,2 Kunihide Nakamura,2 Toshiyuki Kamoto1 1Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; 2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan Abstract: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) shows extreme hypervascularity, which may cause significant bleeding during surgery. For this reason, control of arterial blood supply is an important factor in the choice of operative procedure and in avoiding perioperative complications. This case series reports the successful dissection of renal artery in the preliminary stage of laparoscopic procedure in three ccRCC patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) extension. Patient 1 had right renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with level I tumor thrombus through two renal veins, and the renal artery was successfully dissected by retroperitonealscopic approach. Patient 2 had right invasive, immobilized RCC with significant infiltration to IVC and liver. Ligation of renal artery was performed by transperitoneal laparoscopic procedure. Patient 3 had left RCC with level III tumor thrombus and lung metastasis. Ligation of left renal artery and mobilization of peritoneal organs and kidney were performed by transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. These cases suggest that combined laparoscopic-open surgery for RCC with IVC extension may facilitate early control of arterial blood supply. Keywords: renal cell carcinoma, IVC extension, combined laparoscopic-open surgery

Published
2017

29. Efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept injections for Japanese patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Author

Arakawa A, Inoue M, Sato S, Yamane S, and Kadonosono K

Subjects
Ophthalmology, Early Treatment Diabetic Retnipathy Study chart, aflibercept, Japanese, RE1-994, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Abstract

Akira Arakawa,1,2 Maiko Inoue,2 Shimpei Sato,2 Shin Yamane,2 Kazuaki Kadonosono2 1Department of Ophthalmology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept therapy in treatment-naïve Japanese patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter scores.Subjects and methods: This study was a prospective, nonrandomized, interventional exploratory clinical trial performed in an institutional setting. Patients with PCV were treated with intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg/0.05 mL every 2 months after 3 initial monthly doses, for 1 year. Visual acuity test using the ETDRS chart and indocyanine green angiography was performed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after initiating the treatment, in addition to routine examinations performed at each visit. The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients who achieved

Published
2017

30. Preparation for a first-in-man lentivirus trial in cystic fibrosis patients

Author

Griesenbach, U, Alton, E, Beekman, J, Boyd, C, Davies, J, Davies, L, Dekkers, J, Gill, D, Hasegawa, M, Higgins, T, Hironaka, T, Inoue, M, Hyde, S, Innes, A, Pringle, I, Pytel, K, Sumner-Jones, S, Tsugumine, S, Wasowicz, M, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
Genetics & Heredity, Technology, Medical And Health Sciences, Science & Technology, Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology, Medicine, Research & Experimental, Research & Experimental Medicine, Biological Sciences, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biotechnology
Published
2019

31. Direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists after recent ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation

Author

Seiffge, D.J. Paciaroni, M. Wilson, D. Koga, M. Macha, K. Cappellari, M. Schaedelin, S. Shakeshaft, C. Takagi, M. Tsivgoulis, G. Bonetti, B. Kallmünzer, B. Arihiro, S. Alberti, A. Polymeris, A.A. Ambler, G. Yoshimura, S. Venti, M. Bonati, L.H. Muir, K.W. Yamagami, H. Thilemann, S. Altavilla, R. Peters, N. Inoue, M. Bobinger, T. Agnelli, G. Brown, M.M. Sato, S. Acciarresi, M. Jager, H.R. Bovi, P. Schwab, S. Lyrer, P. Caso, V. Toyoda, K. Werring, D.J. Engelter, S.T. De Marchis, G.M. on behalf of the CROMIS-2, RAF, RAF-DOAC, SAMURAI, NOACISP LONGTERM, Erlangen Verona registry collaborators

Abstract

Objective: We compared outcomes after treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a recent cerebral ischemia. Methods: We conducted an individual patient data analysis of seven prospective cohort studies. We included patients with AF and a recent cerebral ischemia (

Published
2019

32. Concept Study of Optical Configurations for High-Frequency Telescope for LiteBIRD

Author

Hasebe, T, Kashima, S, Ade, PAR, Akiba, Y, Alonso, D, Arnold, K, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Barron, D, Basak, S, Beckman, S, Borrill, J, Boulanger, F, Bucher, M, Calabrese, E, Chinone, Y, Cho, HM, Cukierman, A, Curtis, DW, de Haan, T, Dobbs, M, Dominjon, A, Dotani, T, Duband, L, Ducout, A, Dunkley, J, Duval, JM, Elleflot, T, Eriksen, HK, Errard, J, Fischer, J, Fujino, T, Funaki, T, Fuskeland, U, Ganga, K, Goeckner-Wald, N, Grain, J, Halverson, NW, Hamada, T, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hattori, M, Hayes, L, Hazumi, M, Hidehira, N, Hill, CA, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Ichiki, K, Iida, T, Imada, H, Inoue, M, Inoue, Y, Irwin, KD, Ishino, H, Jeong, O, Kanai, H, Kaneko, D, Katayama, N, Kawasaki, T, Kernasovskiy, SA, Keskitalo, R, Kibayashi, A, Kida, Y, Kimura, K, Kisner, T, Kohri, K, Komatsu, E, Komatsu, K, Kuo, CL, Kurinsky, NA, Kusaka, A, Lazarian, A, Lee, AT, Li, D, Linder, E, Maffei, B, Mangilli, A, Maki, M, Matsumura, T, Matsuura, S, Meilhan, D, Mima, S, Minami, Y, Mitsuda, K, Montier, L, Nagai, M, Nagasaki, T, Nagata, R, Nakajima, M, Nakamura, S, Namikawa, T, Naruse, M, Nishino, H, Nitta, T, Noguchi, T, Ogawa, H, Oguri, S, Okada, N, and Okamoto, A

Subjects
General Physics, Cosmic microwave background radiation, Satellite, Classical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Inflation, Telescope, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The high-frequency telescope for LiteBIRD is designed with refractive and reflective optics. In order to improve sensitivity, this paper suggests the new optical configurations of the HFT which have approximately 7 times larger focal planes than that of the original design. The sensitivities of both the designs are compared, and the requirement of anti-reflection (AR) coating on the lens for the refractive option is derived. We also present the simulation result of a sub-wavelength AR structure on both surfaces of silicon, which shows a band-averaged reflection of 1.1–3.2% at 101–448 GHz.

Published
2018

33. Observations of XCO2 and XCH4 with ground-based high-resolution FTS at Saga, Japan, and comparisons with GOSAT products

Author

Ohyama, H., Kawakami, S., Tanaka, T., Morino, I., Uchino, O., Inoue, M., Sakai, T., Nagai, T., Yamazaki, A., Uchiyama, A., Fukamachi, T., Sakashita, M., Kawasaki, T., Akaho, T., Arai, K., and Okumura, H.

Subjects
lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, lcsh:TA170-171, lcsh:Environmental engineering
Abstract

Solar absorption spectra in the near-infrared region have been continuously acquired with a ground-based (g-b) high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at Saga, Japan, since July 2011. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of greenhouse gases were retrieved from the measured spectra for the period from July 2011 to December 2014. Aircraft measurements of CO2 and CH4 for calibrating the g-b FTS data were performed in January 2012 and 2013, and it is found that the g-b FTS and aircraft data agree to within ± 0.2 %. The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4) show increasing trends, with average growth rates of 2.3 and 9.5 ppb yr−1, respectively, during the ∼ 3.5 yr of observation. We compared the g-b FTS XCO2 and XCH4 data with those derived from backscattered solar spectra in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) region measured with Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation–Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT): NIES SWIR Level 2 products (versions 02.xx). Average differences between TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS data (TANSO-FTS minus g-b FTS) are 0.40 ± 2.51 and −7.6 ± 13.7 ppb for XCO2 and XCH4, respectively. Using aerosol information measured with a sky radiometer at Saga, we found that the differences between the TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS XCO2 data are moderately negatively correlated with aerosol optical thickness and do not depend explicitly on aerosol size. In addition, from several aerosol profiles measured with lidar located right by the g-b FTS, we were able to show that the presence of cirrus clouds tends to cause an overestimation in the TANSO-FTS XCO2 retrieval, while high aerosol loading in the lower troposphere tends to cause an underestimation.

Published
2015

34. Concept Study of Optical Configurations for High-Frequency Telescope for LiteBIRD

Author

Hasebe, T, Kashima, S, Ade, PAR, Akiba, Y, Alonso, D, Arnold, K, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Barron, D, Basak, S, Beckman, S, Borrill, J, Boulanger, F, Bucher, M, Calabrese, E, Chinone, Y, Cho, HM, Cukierman, A, Curtis, DW, de Haan, T, Dobbs, M, Dominjon, A, Dotani, T, Duband, L, Ducout, A, Dunkley, J, Duval, JM, Elleflot, T, Eriksen, HK, Errard, J, Fischer, J, Fujino, T, Funaki, T, Fuskeland, U, Ganga, K, Goeckner-Wald, N, Grain, J, Halverson, NW, Hamada, T, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hattori, M, Hayes, L, Hazumi, M, Hidehira, N, Hill, CA, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Ichiki, K, Iida, T, Imada, H, Inoue, M, Inoue, Y, Irwin, KD, Ishino, H, Jeong, O, Kanai, H, Kaneko, D, Katayama, N, Kawasaki, T, Kernasovskiy, SA, Keskitalo, R, Kibayashi, A, Kida, Y, Kimura, K, Kisner, T, Kohri, K, Komatsu, E, Komatsu, K, Kuo, CL, Kurinsky, NA, Kusaka, A, Lazarian, A, Lee, AT, Li, D, Linder, E, and Maffei, B

Abstract

© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature The high-frequency telescope for LiteBIRD is designed with refractive and reflective optics. In order to improve sensitivity, this paper suggests the new optical configurations of the HFT which have approximately 7 times larger focal planes than that of the original design. The sensitivities of both the designs are compared, and the requirement of anti-reflection (AR) coating on the lens for the refractive option is derived. We also present the simulation result of a sub-wavelength AR structure on both surfaces of silicon, which shows a band-averaged reflection of 1.1–3.2% at 101–448 GHz.

Published
2018

35. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and suicidal behavior in adult psychiatric outpatients

Author

Stickley A, Tachimori H, Inoue Y, Shinkai T, Yoshimura R, Nakamura J, Morita G, Nishii S, Tokutsu Y, Otsuka Y, Egashira K, Inoue M, Kubo T, Tesen H, Takashima N, Tominaga H, Koyanagi A, and Kamio Y

Subjects
suicidal ideation, Japan, mental disorders, attempted suicide, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, outpatients
Abstract

AIM: We aimed to examine the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and suicidal behavior in psychiatric outpatients and whether this association differs among patients with different psychiatric disorders. METHODS: Cross-sectional data came from the Japan Prevalence Study of Adult ADHD at Psychiatric Outpatient Care, which included psychiatric outpatients aged 18-65 years recruited from one university hospital and three general psychiatric outpatient clinics in Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan from April 2014 to January 2015 (N = 864). The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener was used to collect information on ADHD symptoms. Reports of current and lifetime suicidal behavior were also obtained. A multivariable Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the association between ADHD symptoms and suicidal behavior. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates there was a strong association between possible ADHD (ASRS =14) and suicidal behavior with prevalence ratios ranging from 1.17 (lifetime suicidal ideation) to 1.59 (lifetime suicide attempt) and 2.36 (current suicidal ideation). When ASRS strata were used, there was a dose-response association between increasing ADHD symptoms and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Analyses of individual ICD-10 psychiatric disorders showed that associations varied across disorders and that for anxiety disorder, ADHD symptoms were significantly linked to all forms of suicidal behavior. CONCLUSION: ADHD symptom severity is associated with an increased risk for suicidal behavior in general psychiatric outpatients. As ADHD symptoms are common among adult psychiatric outpatients, detecting and treating ADHD in this population may be important for preventing suicidal behavior.

Published
2018

36. Supplementary Material for: Human Malformation Syndromes of Defective GLI: Opposite Phenotypes of 2q14.2 (GLI2) and 7p14.2 (GLI3) Microdeletions and a GLIA/R Balance Model

Author

Niida, Y., Inoue, M., Ozaki, M., and Takase, E.

Subjects
animal structures
Abstract

GLI family zinc finger proteins are transcriptional effectors of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. GLI regulates gene expression and repression at various phases of embryonic morphogenesis. In humans, 4 GLI genes are known, and GLI2 (2q14.2) and GLI3 (7p14.1) mutations cause different syndromes. Here, we present 2 distinctive cases with a chromosomal microdeletion in one of these genes. Patient 1 is a 14-year-old girl with Culler-Jones syndrome. She manifested short stature, cleft palate, and mild intellectual/social disability caused by a 6.6-Mb deletion of 2q14.1q14.3. Patient 2 is a 2-year-old girl with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly contiguous gene deletion syndrome. She manifested macrocephaly, preaxial polysyndactyly, psychomotor developmental delay, cerebral cavernous malformations, and glucose intolerance due to a 6.2-Mb deletion of 7p14.1p12.3 which included GLI3, GCK, and CCM2. Each patient manifests a different phenotype which is associated with different functions of each GLI gene and different effects of the chromosomal contiguous gene deletion. We summarize the phenotypic extent of GLI2/3 syndromes in the literature and determine that these 2 syndromes manifest opposite features to a certain extent, such as midface hypoplasia or macrocephaly, and anterior or posterior side of polydactyly. We propose a GLIA/R balance model that may explain these findings.

Published
2018
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37. Outcomes of microincision vitrectomy surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion

Author

Sato S, Inoue M, Yamane S, Arakawa A, Mori M, and Kadonosono K

Subjects
Ophthalmology, genetic structures, sense organs, RE1-994, eye diseases
Abstract

Shimpei Sato,1 Maiko Inoue,2 Shin Yamane,2 Akira Arakawa,2 Mikiro Mori,1 Kazuaki Kadonosono2 1Department of Opthalmology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan Purpose: To evaluate the anatomic and functional effect of microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods: The medical records of 101 eyes of 101 patients who had undergone MIVS with ILM peeling for macular edema secondary to BRVO were studied. Patients were classified into ischemic and non-ischemic BRVO based on angiograph. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT), determined by spectral domain optical coherence tomography, were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.Results: Preoperative mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA ± standard deviation (SD) was 0.52±0.43 and mean CFT ± SD was 489.4±224.9 µm. Postoperative mean BCVA ± SD values were 0.41±0.35, 0.35±0.41, 0.29±0.36, and 0.25±0.41, and mean CFT values were 370.1±148.9, 327.5±157.5, 310.9±154.9, and 274.4±135.3 µm at 1, 3, 6, 12 months, respectively. The mean BCVA was significantly improved at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (all P

Published
2015

38. Comparison of the effects of 23-gauge and 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy blade designs on incision architecture

Author

Inoue M, Abulon DJ, and Hirakata A

Subjects
Ophthalmology, animal structures, stomatognathic system, food and beverages, RE1-994
Abstract

Makoto Inoue,1 Dina Joy K Abulon,2 Akito Hirakata1 1Kyorin Eye Center, School ofMedicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan; 2Alcon Research, Ltd., Irvine, CA, USA Purpose: To compare the effects of different 23- and 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy trocar cannula entry systems on incision architecture.Methods: We tested one ridged microvitreoretinal (MVR), one non-ridged MVR, one pointed beveled, and one round-tipped beveled blade (n=10 per blade design per incision type). Each blade’s straight and oblique incision architecture was assessed in a silicone disc simulating the sclera. Wound leakage under pressure and endoscopic observations were conducted on sclerotomy sites of isolated porcine eyes (n=4 per blade design) after simulated vitrectomy.Results: Differences in blade design created distinct incision architecture. Incisions were linear with the ridged MVR blade, flattened “M-shaped” with the non-ridged MVR blade, asymmetrical chevron-shaped with the pointed beveled blade, and curved with the round-tipped beveled blade. With the exception of oblique entry incision thickness, both MVR blade designs created thinner incisions than the beveled blades at entry and exit sites. Only the ridged MVR blade created incisions with no leakage. Vitreous incarceration was observed with all trocar cannula systems.Conclusion: Wound closure in porcine eyes was similar with all blades despite differences in incision architecture. Wound leakage occurred at low to moderate infusion pressures with most blades; no wound leakage was observed with ridged MVR blades. Keywords: entry system, incision closure, leakage, pars plana incision, sclerotomy, trocar blade&nbsp

Published
2014

39. Localization Of Oxytalan Fiber, Type Iii Collagen And Bmp Family In Conventional And Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma

Author

Inoue, M., Nagatsuka, H., Tamamura, R., Siar, C. H., Tsujigiwa, H., Borkosky, S., Fujii, M., Nagai, N., and Setsu, K.

Subjects
odontogenic neoplasm ameloblastoma matrix proteins BMP family bone morphogenetic protein-2 odontogenic-tumors osteogenic protein-1 tooth morphogenesis developing teeth matrix proteins alpha-6 chains differentiation expression benign
Abstract

The histologic hallmark distinguishing desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) from conventional ameloblastoma (CA) is its pronounced stromal desmoplasia, and this formed the basis of this investigation. To elucidate the stromal characteristics, localization patterns of oxytalan fibers, type III collagen and BMP family in DA (n=8) was compared with CA (n=24), and periodontal ligament (PL) (n=8). Oxytalan fibers formed apico-occlusal bundles in PL, thick radial bundles around tumor nests in DA, and as scanty fibers in CA. Type III collagen was identified in PL, strongly expressed in DA stroma, but weakly in CA. BMP-2, -3, -4 and -7 expression patterns in tumor epithelium and stroma were more pronounced in DA (including sites of bone formation), than CA. No immunoreactivity for BMP-5 and -6 were detected. Current findings suggest that the stroma in DA is neoplastic and derived from odontogenic ectomesenchyme, and recommends its reclassification as an odontogenic epithelial-ectomesenchymal neoplasm. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Published
2017
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40. A latent class model for competing risks

Author

Rowley, M., Garmo, H., Van Hemelrijck, M., Wulaningsih, W., Grundmark, B., Zethelius, B., Hammar, N., Walldius, G., Inoue, M., Holmberg, L., and Coolen, A.C.C.

Subjects
heterogeneity, informative censoring, survival analysis, competing risks
Abstract

Survival data analysis becomes complex when the proportional hazards assumption is violated at population level or when crude hazard rates are no longer estimators of marginal ones. We develop a Bayesian survival analysis method to deal with these situations, on the basis of assuming that the complexities are induced by latent cohort or disease heterogeneity that is not captured by covariates and that proportional hazards hold at the level of individuals. This leads to a description from which risk-specific marginal hazard rates and survival functions are fully accessible, ‘decontaminated’ of the effects of informative censoring, and which includes Cox, random effects and latent class models as special cases. Simulated data confirm that our approach can map a cohort's substructure and remove heterogeneity-induced informative censoring effects. Application to data from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men cohort leads to plausible alternative explanations for previous counter-intuitive inferences on prostate cancer. The importance of managing cardiovascular disease as a comorbidity in women diagnosed with breast cancer is suggested on application to data from the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk Study.

Published
2017

41. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration

Author

Fitzmaurice, C., Pourmalek, F., Lunevicius, R., Campos-Nonato, I., Khang, Y.-H., Jee, S.H., Rana, S.M., Sufiyan, M.B., Kedir, M.S., Khader, Y.S., Marcenes, W., Meles, K.G., Bensenor, I., Ding, E., Cowie, B., Leigh, J., Zaidi, Z., Melaku, Y.A., Sanabria, J.R., Oladimeji, K.E., James, S., Al-Raddadi, R., Kutz, M., Sartorius, B., Saleem, H.B., Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Das Neves, J., Dicker, D.J., Husseini, A., Schwartz, S.M., Søreide, K., Ghiwot, T.T., Nagel, G., Nolte, S., Hailu, A., Pa, M., Wang, H., Kasaeian, A., Alabed, S., Zenebe, Z.M., Fernandes, J., Nand, D., Javanbakht, M., Weiderpass, E., Plass, D., Fleming, T., Oren, E., Sepanlou, S.G., Thakur, J.S., Linn, S., Yonemoto, N., Hay, R.J., Bedi, N., Ukwaja, K.N., Chimed-Orchir, O., Brenner, H., Sandar, L., Dhillon, P., Mohammadi, A., Shiue, I., Zeeb, H., Allen, C., Sykes, B.L., Tadese, F., Ahmed, M.B., Ali, R., Alem, G., Malta, D.C., Lan, Q., Westerman, R., Boneya, D., Wagner, J.A., Amoako, Y., Marquez, N., Larson, H.J., Khubchandani, J., Tessema, G.A., Alemayohu, M.A., Ekwueme, D., Chiang, P., Vollset, S.E., Asayesh, H., Fischer, F., Shore, H.R., Naghavi, M., Hancock, J., Catalá-López, F., Stroumpoulis, K., Barber, R.M., Satpathy, M., Zaki, M.E.S., Atnafu, N., Farvid, M., Shaikh, M.A., Zoeckler, L., Liang, X., Yebyo, H.G., Lim, S.S., Chudi Uzochukwu, B.S., Dharmaratne, S., Castañeda-Orjuela, C., Takahashi, K., Sawhney, M., Abd-Allah, F., Shackelford, K.A., Malekzadeh, R., Steiner, C., Driscoll, T., Hosgood, H.D., Dandona, R., Lopez, A.D., Shrime, M.G., Yu, C., Aldhahri, S.F., Sun, J., Qorbani, M., Vlassov, V.V., Chibueze, C., Huynh, C., Horino, M., Yimam, H.H., Stanaway, J., Ogbo, F.A., Dandona, L., El Razek, H.M.A., Huybrechts, I., Pereira, D.M., Younis, M.Z., Pinho, C., Damtew, S., Salomon, J.A., Bernabé, E., Berhane, A., Forouzanfar, M.H., Awasthi, A., Gopalani, S., Murray, C.J.L., Jakovljevic, M., She, J., Horita, N., MacIntyre, M.F., Stathopoulou, V., Barregard, L., Betsu, B., Dey, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Endries, A.Y., Shibuya, K., Tran, B.X., Mohammad, K.A., Barac, A., Miller, T.R., Radfar, A., Gebru, A., Islami, F., Chitheer, A., Kumar, G.A., Rahman, M., Markos, D., Park, E.-K., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Mohammed, S., Soneji, S., Mendoza, W., Amare, A., Tedla, B.A., Wubshet Terefe, M., Farzadfar, F., Vos, T., Artaman, A., So, S., Mengiste, D.T., Le Nguyen, Q., Choi, J.-Y., Binagwaho, A., Rafay, A., Mokdad, A.H., Kim, D., Marczak, L., Johnson, C.O., Alam, N.K., Meretoja, T.J., Inoue, M., Hunter-Merrill, R., Jonas, J.B., and Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. FINDINGS: In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined. Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent. Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (-6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), -10.6% to -1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.

Published
2017
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42. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, Brenner H, Dicker DJ, Chimed-Orchir O, Dandona R, Dandona L, Fleming T, Forouzanfar MH, Hancock J, Hay RJ, Hunter-Merrill R, Huynh C, Hosgood HD, Johnson CO, Jonas JB, Khubchandani J, Kumar GA, Kutz M, Lan Q, Larson HJ, Liang X, Lim SS, Lopez AD, MacIntyre MF, Marczak L, Marquez N, Mokdad AH, Pinho C, Pourmalek F, Salomon JA, Sanabria JR, Sandar L, Sartorius B, Schwartz SM, Shackelford KA, Shibuya K, Stanaway J, Steiner C, Sun J, Takahashi K, Vollset SE, Vos T, Wagner JA, Wang H, Westerman R, Zeeb H, Zoeckler L, Abd-Allah F, Ahmed MB, Alabed S, Alam NK, Aldhahri SF, Alem G, Alemayohu MA, Ali R, Al-Raddadi R, Amare A, Amoako Y, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Atnafu N, Awasthi A, Saleem HB, Barac A, Bedi N, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Binagwaho A, Boneya D, Campos-Nonato I, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Catalá-López F, Chiang P, Chibueze C, Chitheer A, Choi JY, Cowie B, Damtew S, das Neves J, Dey S, Dharmaratne S, Dhillon P, Ding E, Driscoll T, Ekwueme D, Endries AY, Farvid M, Farzadfar F, Fernandes J, Fischer F, G/Hiwot TT, Gebru A, Gopalani S, Hailu A, Horino M, Horita N, Husseini A, Huybrechts I, Inoue M, Islami F, Jakovljevic M, James S, Javanbakht M, Jee SH, Kasaeian A, Kedir MS, Khader YS, Khang YH, Kim D, Leigh J, Linn S, Lunevicius R, El Razek HMA, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Marcenes W, Markos D, Melaku YA, Meles KG, Mendoza W, Mengiste DT, Meretoja TJ, Miller TR, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Moradi-Lakeh M, Nagel G, Nand D, Le Nguyen Q, Nolte S, Ogbo FA, Oladimeji KE, Oren E, Pa M, Park EK, Pereira DM, Plass D, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahman M, Rana SM, Søreide K, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Sepanlou SG, Shaikh MA, She J, Shiue I, Shore HR, Shrime MG, So S, Soneji S, Stathopoulou V, Stroumpoulis K, Sufiyan MB, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadese F, Tedla BA, Tessema GA, Thakur JS, Tran BX, Ukwaja KN, Uzochukwu BSC, Vlassov VV, Weiderpass E, Wubshet Terefe M, Yebyo HG, Yimam HH, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Zaki MES, Zenebe ZM, Murray CJL, and Naghavi M

Published
2017

43. Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab using a pro re nata regimen for age-related macular degeneration and vision-related quality of life

Author

Inoue M, Arakawa A, Yamane S, and Kadonosono K

Subjects
Ophthalmology, genetic structures, RE1-994, eye diseases
Abstract

Maiko Inoue, Akira Arakawa, Shin Yamane, Kazuaki Kadonosono Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan Background: The purpose of this study was to assess visual function and vision-related ­quality of life after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) using a pro re nata regimen for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.Methods: A prospective study of 54 eyes in 54 patients scheduled to undergo IVR for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration was performed. A self-administered, 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) was completed before and 3 and 12 months after the initial IVR treatment. We evaluated logMAR visual acuity and NEI VFQ-25 scores preoperatively and postoperatively. Further, associations between the changes in NEI VFQ-25 scores and patient characteristics were investigated at 12 months. Results: Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly when compared with the preoperative visual acuity throughout the 12-month period (P

Published
2014

44. Matched control study of visual outcomes after arteriovenous sheathotomy for branch retinal vein occlusion

Author

Yamane S, Kamei M, Sakimoto S, Inoue M, Arakawa A, Suzuki M, Matsumura N, and Kadonosono K

Subjects
Ophthalmology, genetic structures, RE1-994, eye diseases
Abstract

Shin Yamane,1 Motohiro Kamei,2 Susumu Sakimoto,2 Maiko Inoue,1 Akira Arakawa,1 Mihoko Suzuki,2 Nagakazu Matsumura,2 Kazuaki Kadonosono11Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, JapanBackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual outcomes of arteriovenous sheathotomy for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods: The medical records of 45 eyes from 45 patients who had undergone vitrectomy surgery with arteriovenous sheathotomy for BRVO were studied. Forty-five eyes of 45 patients with a BRVO but without intervention were studied as the control group. The best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness were compared between the two groups at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.Results: Improvement of best-corrected visual acuity was 0.42 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units in the sheathotomy group and 0.22 logMAR units in the control group (P=0.007). The mean postoperative central macular thickness was significantly thinner in the sheathotomy group at 1 month (P=0.01), but not at 3, 6, and 12 months (P=0.75, P=0.81, and P=0.46, respectively). Improvement of best-corrected visual acuity at 12 months was significantly correlated with baseline best-corrected visual acuity, age, duration of symptoms, and sheathotomy (P

Published
2014

46. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author

Vos, T, Barber, Rm, Bell, B, Bertozzi Villa, A, Biryukov, S, Bolliger, I, Charlson, F, Davis, A, Degenhardt, L, Dicker, D, Duan, L, Erskine, H, Feigin, Vl, Ferrari, Aj, Fitzmaurice, C, Fleming, T, Graetz, N, Guinovart, C, Haagsma, J, Hansen, Gm, Hanson, Sw, Heuton, Kr, Higashi, H, Kassebaum, N, Kyu, H, Laurie, E, Liang, X, Lofgren, K, Lozano, R, Macintyre, Mf, Moradi Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Nguyen, G, Odell, S, Ortblad, K, Roberts, Da, Roth, Ga, Sandar, L, Serina, Pt, Stanaway, Jd, Steiner, C, Thomas, B, Vollset, Se, Whiteford, H, Wolock, Tm, Ye, P, Zhou, M, Ãvila, Ma, Aasvang, Gm, Abbafati, C, Abbasoglu, Ozgoren, A, Abd Allah, F, Abdel, Aziz, Abera, Sf, Aboyans, V, Abraham, Jp, Abraham, B, Abubakar, I, Abu Raddad, Lj, Abu Rmeileh, Nm, Aburto, Tc, Achoki, T, Ackerman, In, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Adou, Ak, Adsuar, Jc, Arnlov, J, Agardh, Ee, Khabouri, Al, Alam, Ss, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, Mi, Alegretti, Ma, Aleman, Av, Alemu, Za, Alfonso Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, Pj, Almazroa, Ma, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis, Guzman, Ameli, N, O, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, Bo, Anderson, Hr, Antonio, Ca, Anwari, P, Apfel, H, Arsenijevic, Vs, Artaman, A, Asghar, Rj, Assadi, R, Atkins, Ls, Atkinson, C, Badawi, A, Bahit, Mc, Bakfalouni, T, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Banerjee, A, Barker Collo, Sl, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, Lh, Basu, S, Basu, A, Baxter, A, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, Ml, Benjet, C, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Benzian, H, Bernabe, E, Beyene, Tj, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, Z, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Bin, Abdulhak, Blore, Jd, Blyth, Fm, Bohensky, Ma, Bora, Basara, B, Borges, G, Bornstein, Nm, Bose, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, Rr, Boyers, Ln, Brainin, M, Brauer, M, Brayne, Ce, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, Nj, Brenner, H, Briggs, Ad, Brooks, Pm, Brown, J, Brugha, Ts, Buchbinder, R, Buckle, Gc, Bukhman, G, Bulloch, Ag, Burch, M, Burnett, R, Cardenas, R, Cabral, Nl, Campos, Nonato, Campuzano, Ir, Carapetis, Jc, Carpenter, Do, Caso, V, Castaneda Orjuela, Ca, Catala Lopez, F, Chadha, Vk, Chang, Jc, Chen, H, Chen, W, Chiang, Pp, Chimed Ochir, O, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christophi, Ca, Chugh, Ss, Cirillo, Massimo, Coggeshall, M, Cohen, A, Colistro, V, Colquhoun, Sm, Contreras, Ag, Cooper, Lt, Cooper, C, Cooperrider, K, Coresh, J, Cortinovis, M, Criqui, Mh, Crump, Ja, Cuevas Nasu, L, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Dansereau, E, Dantes, Hg, Dargan, Pi, Davey, G, Davitoiu, Dv, Dayama, A, La, De, Cruz, Gongora, De, V, Vega, La, De, Sf, Leo, D, Del, Pozo, Cruz, Dellavalle, Rp, Deribe, K, Derrett, S, Des, Jarlais, Dessalegn, M, Deveber, Ga, Dharmaratne, Sd, Diaz Torne, C, Ding, El, Dokova, K, Dorsey, Er, Driscoll, Tr, Duber, H, Durrani, Am, Edmond, Km, Ellenbogen, Rg, Endres, M, Ermakov, Sp, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fahimi, S, Farzadfar, F, Fay, Df, Felson, Dt, Fereshtehnejad, Sm, Fernandes, Jg, Ferri, Cp, Flaxman, A, Foigt, N, Foreman, Kj, Fowkes, Fg, Franklin, Rc, Furst, T, Futran, Nd, Gabbe, Bj, Gankpe, Fg, Garcia, Guerra, Geleijnse, Fa, Gessner, Bd, Gibney, Kb, Gillum, Rf, Ginawi, Ia, Giroud, M, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Goginashvili, K, Gona, P, Gonzalez, De, Cosio, T, Gosselin, Ra, Gotay, Cc, Goto, A, Gouda, Hn, Guerrant, Rl, Gugnani, Hc, Gunnell, D, Gupta, R, Gutierrez, Ra, Hafezi Nejad, N, Hagan, H, Halasa, Y, Hamadeh, Rr, Hamavid, H, Hammami, M, Hankey, Gj, Hao, Y, Harb, Hl, Haro, Jm, Havmoeller, R, Hay, Rj, Hay, S, Hedayati, Mt, Heredia, Pi, Heydarpour, P, Hijar, M, Hoek, Hw, Hoffman, Hj, Hornberger, Jc, Hosgood, Hd, Hossain, M, Hotez, Pj, Hoy, Dg, Hsairi, M, Hu, H, Hu, G, Huang, Jj, Huang, C, Huiart, L, Husseini, A, Iannarone, M, Iburg, Km, Innos, K, Inoue, M, Jacobsen, Kh, Jassal, Sk, Jeemon, P, Jensen, Pn, Jha, V, Jiang, G, Jiang, Y, Jonas, Jb, Joseph, J, Juel, K, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karimkhani, C, Karthikeyan, G, Katz, R, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazi, Ds, Kemp, Ah, Kengne, Ap, Khader, Ys, Khalifa, Se, Khan, Ea, Khan, G, Khang, Yh, Khonelidze, I, Kieling, C, Kim, D, Kim, S, Kimokoti, Rw, Kinfu, Y, Kinge, Jm, Kissela, Bm, Kivipelto, M, Knibbs, L, Knudsen, Ak, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Kramer, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, Rv, Krishnaswami, S, Kuate, Defo, Kucuk, B, Bicer, B, Kuipers, Ej, Kulkarni, Vs, Kumar, K, Kumar, Ga, Kwan, Gf, Lai, T, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lan, Q, Lansingh, Vc, Larson, H, Larsson, A, Lawrynowicz, Ae, Leasher, Jl, Lee, Jt, Leigh, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, B, Li, Y, Liang, J, Lim, S, Lin, Hh, Lind, M, Lindsay, Mp, Lipshultz, Se, Liu, S, Lloyd, Bk, Lockett, Ohno, S, Logroscino, G, Looker, Kj, Lopez, Ad, Lopez Olmedo, N, Lortet Tieulent, J, Lotufo, Pa, Low, N, Lucas, Rm, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, Ra, Ma, J, Ma, S, Mackay, Mt, Majdan, M, Malekzadeh, R, Mapoma, Cc, Marcenes, W, March, Lm, Margono, C, Marks, Gb, Marzan, Mb, Masci, Jr, Mason Jones, Aj, Matzopoulos, Rg, Mayosi, Bm, Mazorodze, Tt, Mcgill, Nw, Mcgrath, Jj, Mckee, M, Mclain, A, Mcmahon, Bj, Meaney, Pa, Mehndiratta, Mm, Mejia Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, W, Melaku, Ya, Meltzer, M, Memish, Za, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Mhimbira, Fa, Micha, R, Miller, Tr, Mills, Ej, Mitchell, Pb, Mock, Cn, Moffitt, Te, Mohamed, Ibrahim, N, Mohammad, Ka, Mokdad, Ah, Mola, Gl, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Montine, Tj, Moore, Ar, Moran, Ae, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Moschandreas, J, Moturi, Wn, Moyer, M, Mozaffarian, D, Mueller, Uo, Mukaigawara, M, Murdoch, Me, Murray, J, Murthy, Ks, Naghavi, P, Nahas, Z, Naheed, A, Naidoo, Ks, Naldi, L, Nand, D, Nangia, V, Narayan, Km, Nash, D, Nejjari, C, Neupane, Sp, Newman, Lm, Newton, Cr, Ng, M, Ngalesoni, Fn, Nhung, Nt, Nisar, Mi, Nolte, S, Norheim, Of, Norman, Re, Norrving, B, Nyakarahuka, L, Ih, Oh, Ohkubo, T, Omer, Sb, Opio, Jn, Ortiz, A, Pandian, Jd, Panelo, Ci, Papachristou, C, Park, Ek, Parry, Cd, Caicedo, Aj, Patten, Sb, Paul, Vk, Pavlin, Bi, Pearce, N, Pedraza, Ls, Pellegrini, Ca, Pereira, Dm, Perez Ruiz, Fp, Perico, N, Pervaiz, A, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, Cb, Petzold, M, Phillips, Mr, Phillips, D, Phillips, B, Piel, Fb, Plass, D, Poenaru, D, Polanczyk, Gv, Polinder, S, Pope, Ca, Popova, S, Poulton, Rg, Pourmalek, F, Prabhakaran, D, Prasad, Nm, Qato, D, Quistberg, Da, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi Movaghar, V, Rahman, Su, Raju, M, Rakovac, I, Rana, Sm, Razavi, H, Refaat, A, Rehm, J, Remuzzi, G, Resnikoff, S, Ribeiro, Al, Riccio, Pm, Richardson, L, Richardus, Jh, Riederer, Am, Robinson, M, Roca, A, Rodriguez, A, Rojas Rueda, D, Ronfani, L, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, N, Ruhago, Gm, Sabin, N, Sacco, Rl, Ksoreide, K, Saha, S, Sahathevan, R, Sahraian, Ma, Sampson, U, Sanabria, Jr, Sanchez Riera, L, Santos, Is, Satpathy, M, Saunders, Je, Sawhney, M, Saylan, Mi, Scarborough, P, Schoettker, B, Schneider, Ij, Schwebel, Dc, Scott, Jg, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, Sg, Serdar, B, Servan Mori, Ee, Shackelford, K, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shamah, Levy, T, Shangguan, S, She, J, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shepard, Ds, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shinohara, Y, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shiue, I, Shrime, Mg, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silberberg, Dh, Simard, Ep, Sindi, S, Singh, Ja, Singh, L, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Soljak, M, Soneji, S, Soshnikov, Ss, Speyer, P, Sposato, La, Sreeramareddy, Ct, Stoeckl, H, Stathopoulou, Vk, Steckling, N, Stein, Mb, Stein, Dj, Steiner, Tj, Stewart, A, Stork, E, Stovner, Lj, Stroumpoulis, K, Sturua, L, Sunguya, Bf, Swaroop, M, Sykes, Bl, Tabb, Km, Takahashi, K, Tan, F, Tandon, N, Tanne, D, Tanner, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taylor, Hr, Ao, Te, Temesgen, Am, Ten, Have, M, Tenkorang, Ey, Terkawi, As, Theadom, Am, Thomas, E, Thorne Lyman, Al, Thrift, Ag, Tleyjeh, Im, Tonelli, M, Topouzis, F, Towbin, Ja, Toyoshima, H, Traebert, J, Tran, Bx, Trasande, L, Trillini, M, Truelsen, T, Trujillo, U, Tsilimbaris, M, Tuzcu, Em, Ukwaja, Kn, Undurraga, Ea, Uzun, Sb, Van, Brakel, Van, Wh, Vijver, De, Van, S, Dingenen, R, Van, Gool, Varakin, Yy, Vasankari, Tj, Vavilala, Ms, Veerman, Lj, Velasquez, Melendez, G, Venketasubramanian, N, Vijayakumar, L, Villalpando, S, Violante, Fs, Vlassov, Vv, Waller, S, Wallin, Mt, Wan, X, Wang, L, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Warouw, Ts, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, Rg, Werdecker, A, Wessells, Kr, Westerman, R, Wilkinson, Jd, Williams, Hc, Williams, Tn, Woldeyohannes, Sm, Wolfe, Cd, Wong, Jq, Wong, H, Woolf, Ad, Wright, Jl, Wurtz, B, Xu, G, Yang, G, Yano, Y, Yenesew, Ma, Yentur, Gk, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, Sj, Younis, M, Yu, C, Kim, Ky, Zaki, Mel, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z, Zhao, Y, Zhu, J, Zonies, D, Zunt, Jr, Salomon, Ja, Murray, C. J., Vos, T, Barber, Rm, Bell, B, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Biryukov, S, Bolliger, I, Charlson, F, Davis, A, Degenhardt, L, Dicker, D, Duan, L, Erskine, H, Feigin, Vl, Ferrari, Aj, Fitzmaurice, C, Fleming, T, Graetz, N, Guinovart, C, Haagsma, J, Hansen, Gm, Hanson, Sw, Heuton, Kr, Higashi, H, Kassebaum, N, Kyu, H, Laurie ELiang, X, Lofgren, K, Lozano, R, Macintyre, Mf, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Nguyen, G, Odell, S, Ortblad, K, Roberts, Da, Roth, Ga, Sandar, L, Serina, Pt, Stanaway, Jd, Steiner, C, Thomas, B, Vollset, Se, Whiteford, H, Wolock, Tm, Ye, P, Zhou, M, Ãvila, Ma, Aasvang, Gm, Abbafati, C, Abbasoglu Ozgoren, A, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel Aziz MI, Abera, Sf, Aboyans, V, Abraham, Jp, Abraham, B, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, Lj, Abu-Rmeileh, Nm, Aburto, Tc, Achoki TAckerman IN, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Adou, Ak, Adsuar, Jc, Arnlov, J, Agardh, Ee, Al Khabouri MJ, Alam, S, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, Mi, Alegretti MAAleman AV, Alemu, Za, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, Pj, Almazroa, Ma, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis-Guzman NAmeli, O, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, Bo, Anderson, Hr, Antonio, Ca, Anwari, P, Apfel, H, Arsenijevic, V, Artaman, A, Asghar, Rj, Assadi, R, Atkins, L, Atkinson, C, Badawi, A, Bahit, Mc, Bakfalouni, T, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Banerjee, A, Barker-Collo, Sl, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero LHBasu, S, Basu, A, Baxter, A, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, Ml, Benjet, C, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Benzian, H, Bernabe, E, Beyene TJBhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, Z, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, A, Blore, Jd, Blyth, Fm, Bohensky, Ma, Bora Basara, B, Borges, G, Bornstein, Nm, Bose, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, Rr, Boyers, Ln, Brainin, M, Brauer, M, Brayne, Ce, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, Nj, Brenner, H, Briggs, Ad, Brooks, Pm, Brown JBrugha TS, Buchbinder, R, Buckle, Gc, Bukhman, G, Bulloch, Ag, Burch, M, Burnett, R, Cardenas, R, Cabral, Nl, Campos Nonato IR, Campuzano JCCarapetis JR, Carpenter, Do, Caso, V, Castaneda-Orjuela, Ca, Catala-Lopez, F, Chadha, Vk, Chang, Jc, Chen, H, Chen, W, Chiang, Pp, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christophi, Ca, Chugh, S, Cirillo, M, Coggeshall, M, Cohen, A, Colistro, V, Colquhoun, Sm, Contreras, Ag, Cooper LTCooper, C, Cooperrider, K, Coresh, J, Cortinovis, M, Criqui, Mh, Crump, Ja, Cuevas-Nasu, L, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Dansereau, E, Dantes, Hg, Dargan, Pi, Davey, G, Davitoiu, Dv, Dayama, A, De la Cruz-Gongora, V, de la Vega SF, De Leo, D, del Pozo-Cruz, B, Dellavalle, Rp, Deribe, K, Derrett, S, Des Jarlais DC, Dessalegn, M, Deveber, Ga, Dharmaratne, Sd, Diaz-Torne, C, Ding, El, Dokova, K, Dorsey, Er, Driscoll, Tr, Duber, H, Durrani, Am, Edmond, Km, Ellenbogen, Rg, Endres, M, Ermakov, Sp, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fahimi, S, Farzadfar, F, Fay, Df, Felson, Dt, Fereshtehnejad SMFernandes JG, Ferri, Cp, Flaxman, A, Foigt, N, Foreman, Kj, Fowkes, Fg, Franklin, Rc, Furst, T, Futran, Nd, Gabbe, Bj, Gankpe, Fg, Garcia-Guerra FAGeleijnse JM, Gessner, Bd, Gibney, Kb, Gillum, Rf, Ginawi, Ia, Giroud, M, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Goginashvili, K, Gona, P, Gonzalez de Cosio TGosselin RA, Gotay, Cc, Goto, A, Gouda, Hn, Guerrant, Rl, Gugnani, Hc, Gunnell, D, Gupta, R, Gutierrez, Ra, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hagan HHalasa, Y, Hamadeh, Rr, Hamavid, H, Hammami, M, Hankey, Gj, Hao, Y, Harb, Hl, Haro, Jm, Havmoeller, R, Hay, Rj, Hay, S, Hedayati, Mt, Heredia Pi IB, Heydarpour, P, Hijar, M, Hoek, Hw, Hoffman, Hj, Hornberger, Jc, Hosgood, Hd, Hossain, M, Hotez, Pj, Hoy, Dg, Hsairi, M, Hu, H, Hu, G, Huang JJHuang, C, Huiart, L, Husseini, A, Iannarone, M, Iburg, Km, Innos, K, Inoue, M, Jacobsen, Kh, Jassal, Sk, Jeemon, P, Jensen, Pn, Jha, V, Jiang, G, Jiang YJonas JB, Joseph, J, Juel, K, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karimkhani, C, Karthikeyan, G, Katz, R, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazi, D, Kemp, Ah, Kengne, Ap, Khader, Y, Khalifa, Se, Khan, Ea, Khan, G, Khang, Yh, Khonelidze, I, Kieling, C, Kim, D, Kim, S, Kimokoti, Rw, Kinfu, Y, Kinge, Jm, Kissela, Bm, Kivipelto MKnibbs, L, Knudsen, Ak, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Kramer, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, Rv, Krishnaswami, S, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuipers EJKulkarni VS, Kumar, K, Kumar, Ga, Kwan, Gf, Lai, T, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lan, Q, Lansingh, Vc, Larson, H, Larsson, A, Lawrynowicz, Ae, Leasher, Jl, Lee, Jt, Leigh, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, B, Li, Y, Liang, J, Lim, S, Lin, Hh, Lind, M, Lindsay, Mp, Lipshultz, Se, Liu, S, Lloyd, Bk, Lockett Ohno, S, Logroscino, G, Looker, Kj, Lopez, Ad, Lopez-Olmedo, N, Lortet-Tieulent, J, Lotufo, Pa, Low, N, Lucas, Rm, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, Ra, Ma, J, Ma, S, Mackay MTMajdan, M, Malekzadeh, R, Mapoma, Cc, Marcenes, W, March, Lm, Margono, C, Marks, Gb, Marzan, Mb, Masci, Jr, Mason-Jones, Aj, Matzopoulos RGMayosi BM, Mazorodze, Tt, Mcgill, Nw, Mcgrath, Jj, Mckee, M, Mclain, A, Mcmahon, Bj, Meaney, Pa, Mehndiratta, Mm, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, W, Melaku, Ya, Meltzer, M, Memish, Za, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Mhimbira, Fa, Micha, R, 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Subjects
Male, Gerontology, Nutrition and Disease, Epidemiology, years lived with disability, Global burden of disease, acute and chronic diseases, countries, Prevalence, Disease, Global Health, Medical and Health Sciences, Conduct disorder, Otitis-media, Cost of Illness, Residence Characteristics, Voeding en Ziekte, 80 and over, Global health, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, countries, Aetiology, Child, Aged, 80 and over, Medicine(all), education.field_of_study, ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, Incidence, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Pain Research, Neglected Diseases, Alcohol dependence, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Global burden of disease, Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators, Mental Health, Infectious Diseases, Attention deficit/Hyperactivity disorder, Burden of Illness, Child, Preschool, Acute Disease, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, GBD 2013, Population, acute and chronic diseases, Young Adult, Mental-disorders, Age Distribution, Medicine, General & Internal, Weights, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Life Science, Disabled Persons, Sex Distribution, Preschool, education, Developing Countries, VLAG, Aged, Science & Technology, business.industry, Developed Countries, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Health outcomes, Newborn, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Brain Disorders, years lived with disability, Good Health and Well Being, Disease, injury, incidence, prevalence, YLDs, GBD 2010, Chronic Disease, Wounds and Injuries, business, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Iron-deficiency, Demography
Abstract

Summary Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2·4 billion and 1·6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537·6 million in 1990 to 764·8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114·87 per 1000 people to 110·31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21·1% in 1990 to 31·2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2·4 billion and 1·6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537·6 million in 1990 to 764·8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114·87 per 1000 people to 110·31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21·1% in 1990 to 31·2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2015

47. Systemic and Local Cytokine Profile in Biliary Atresia

Author

Saito, T., Sakamoto, A., Hatano, M., Iwai, J., Higashimoto, Y., Yoshida, H., Riepenhoff-Talty, M., Gouvea, V., Evans, M.J., Tyler, K.L., Sokol, R.J., Oberhaus, S.M., Desmet, V.J., Suskind, D.L., Rosenthal, P., Heyman, M.B., Petersen, C., Davenport, M., Shivakumar, P., Campbell, K.M., Sabla, G.E., Mack, C.L., Tucker, R.M., Lu, B.R., Bezerra, J.A., Tiao, G., Ryckman, F.C., Li, J, Bessho, K., Shinkai, M., Shinkai, T., Puri, P., Stringer, M.D., Nobili, V., Marcellini, M., Giovannelli, L., Wu, J.F., Kao, P.C., Chen, H.L., Urushihara, N., Iwagaki, H., Yagi, T., Narayanaswamy, B., Gonde, C., Tredger, J.M., Hussain, M., Vergani, D., Sakaguchi, S., Yamaguchi, T., Nomura, T., Ono, M., Lan, R.Y., Cheng, C., Lian, Z.X., Sakaki, M., Hiroishi, K., Baba, T., Yang, Y, Liu, Y.J., Tang, S.T., Brindley, S.M., Lanham, A.M., Karrer, F.M., Fontenot, A.P., Uchida, K., Inoue, M., Otake, K., Vejchapipat, P., Poomsawat, S., Chongsrisawat, V., Honsawek, S., Poovorawan, Y., Dong, R., Dong, K., Wang, X., Chen, G., Shen, C., Zheng, S., Mourya, R., Mieli-Vergani, G., Minnick, K.E., Kreisberg, R., Dillon, P.W., Ghoneim, E.M., Sira, M.M., Elaziz, A.M. Abd, Khalil, F.O., Sultan, M.M., Mahmoud, A.B., Fenoglio, D., Bernuzzi, F., Battaglia, F., Beriou, G., Costantino, C.M., Ashley, C.W., Koenen, H.J.P.M., Smeets, R.L., Vink, P.M., Rijssen, E. van, and Boots, A.M.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Regulatory T cell, medicine.medical_treatment, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Biliary atresia, Biliary Atresia, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Th1-Th2 Balance, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, FOXP3, Infant, medicine.disease, Flow Cytometry, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Cytokine, Endocrinology, Liver, Case-Control Studies, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cytokines, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, business, Inflammatory diseases Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 5], Biomarkers
Abstract

Purpose Systemic and local immune environments in human biliary atresia (BA) were analyzed. Methods Plasma concentrations of 19 inflammatory components in 16 preoperative BA patients (median age, 51 days), 13 normal controls (NCs) (44 days), and 15 cholestatic controls (CC) (23 days) were measured using flow cytometry, and compared according to post-Kasai outcomes in BA patients. Hepatic mRNA levels of representative helper T (Th) cell cytokines and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were compared between BA and non-BA. Results No significant differences were observed between BA and control in serum Th1, Th2, or macrophage markers, while soluble cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) levels were significantly higher in BA (p Conclusions A skewed bias toward specific Th-oriented immunity was not demonstrated in either the systemic or local environment in the early stage of human BA, with patient prognoses not necessarily revealed by preoperative plasma inflammatory component levels. CAM and regulatory T cell roles and functions warrant further investigation.

Published
2016

48. LiteBIRD: Mission Overview and Focal Plane Layout

Author

Nagasaki, T., Nagata, R., Nakajima, M., Nakamura, S., Namikawa, T., Naruse, M., Natsume, K., Arnold, K., Borrill, J., Chendra, R., Cukierman, A., de, Haan T., Dobbs, M., Dominjon, A., Elleflot, T., Errard, J., Fujino, T., Goeckner-wald, N., Halverson, N., Harvey, P., Hill, C., Hilton, G., Holzapfel, W., Hori, Y., Hubmayr, J., Ichiki, K., Inatani, J., Inoue, M., Irie, F., Irwin, K., Jeong, O., Kashima, S., Keating, B., Kida, Y., Nishino, H., Kimura, K., Kohri, K., Komatsu, E., Kuo, C. L., Kuromiya, S., Kusaka, A., Lee, A., Linder, E., Nitta, T., Matsuoka, S., Matsuura, S., Mima, S., Mizukami, K., Morii, H., Morishima, T., Nagai, M., Noguchi, T., Ogawa, H., Oguri, S., Ohta, I. S., Otani, C., Okada, N., Okamoto, A., Okamura, T., Rebeiz, G., Richards, P., Sato, N., Segawa, Y., Sekiguchi, S., Sekimoto, Y., Sekine, M., Seljak, U., Sherwin, B., Shu, S., Stompor, R., Sugai, H., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, A., Tajima, O., Takada, S., Takakura, S., Takano, K., Tomaru, T., Tomita, N., Turin, P., Utsunomiya, S., Uzawa, Y., Watanabe, H., Westbrook, B., Whitehorn, N., Yamada, Y., Yamashita, T., Yoshida, M., Matsumura, Tomotake, Akiba, Yoshiki, Chinone, Yuji, Kibe, Y., Kimura, Nobuhiro, Matsuhara, Hideo, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Nishibori, Toshiyuki, Nishijo, Kunitoshi, Noda, Atsushi, Wada, Takehiko, Sakai, Shinichiro, Sato, Yoichi, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Sugita, Hiroyuki, Yamasaki, Noriko, Yoshida, Tetsuya, Yotsumoto, Y., Fuke, Hideyuki, Hattori, Makoto, Hasegawa, M., Hattori, K., Hazumi, M., Takei, Yoh, Inoue, Yuki, Ishino, H., Ishitsuka, H., Karatsu, K., Katayama, N., Kawano, Isao, Kibayashi, A., California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Geological Sciences [BYU], Brigham Young University (BYU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Advanced Materials, University of Tokyo, Department of Advanced Materials, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Department of Physics, Nara Women's University, Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Japan Atomic Energy Agency [Ibaraki] (JAEA), Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Advanced Science Research Center and Nuclear Science Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Institute of laser Engineering, Osaka University [Osaka], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), University of Ottawa [Ottawa] (uOttawa), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, Nanomaterials Research Institute, University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Nanoscience and Surface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Primordial B-mode, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Lagrangian point, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Inflation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cardinal point, TES bolometer, MKID, Satellite, Sky, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Microwave
Abstract

著者人数: 120名, Accepted: 2016-02-01, 資料番号: SA1150339000

Published
2016

49. LiteBIRD: Mission Overview and Focal Plane Layout

Author

Matsumura, T, Akiba, Y, Arnold, K, Borrill, J, Chendra, R, Chinone, Y, Cukierman, A, de Haan, T, Dobbs, M, Dominjon, A, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fujino, T, Fuke, H, Goeckner-wald, N, Halverson, N, Harvey, P, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hattori, M, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Hilton, G, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Hubmayr, J, Ichiki, K, Inatani, J, Inoue, M, Inoue, Y, Irie, F, Irwin, K, Ishino, H, Ishitsuka, H, Jeong, O, Karatsu, K, Kashima, S, Katayama, N, Kawano, I, Keating, B, Kibayashi, A, Kibe, Y, Kida, Y, Kimura, K, Kimura, N, Kohri, K, Komatsu, E, Kuo, CL, Kuromiya, S, Kusaka, A, Lee, A, Linder, E, Matsuhara, H, Matsuoka, S, Matsuura, S, Mima, S, Mitsuda, K, Mizukami, K, Morii, H, Morishima, T, Nagai, M, Nagasaki, T, Nagata, R, Nakajima, M, Nakamura, S, Namikawa, T, Naruse, M, Natsume, K, Nishibori, T, Nishijo, K, Nishino, H, Nitta, T, Noda, A, Noguchi, T, Ogawa, H, Oguri, S, Ohta, IS, Otani, C, Okada, N, Okamoto, A, Okamura, T, Rebeiz, G, Richards, P, Sakai, S, Sato, N, Sato, Y, Segawa, Y, Sekiguchi, S, Sekimoto, Y, Sekine, M, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shinozaki, K, Shu, S, Stompor, R, Sugai, H, Sugita, H, Suzuki, T, and Suzuki, A

Subjects
General Physics, TES bolometer, MKID, Satellite, Polarization, Primordial B-mode, Classical Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, Condensed Matter Physics, Inflation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a proposed CMB polarization satellite project to probe the inflationary B-mode signal. The satellite is designed to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio with a 68% confidence level uncertainty of σr< 10 - 3, including statistical, instrumental systematic, and foreground uncertainties. LiteBIRD will observe the full sky from the second Lagrange point for 3years. We have a focal plane layout for observing frequency coverage that spans 40–402 GHz to characterize the galactic foregrounds. We have two detector candidates, transition-edge sensor bolometers and microwave kinetic inductance detectors. In both cases, a telecentric focal plane consists of approximately 2 × 10 3 superconducting detectors. We will present the mission overview of LiteBIRD, the project status, and the TES focal plane layout.

Published
2016

50. LiteBIRD: Mission Overview and Focal Plane Layout

Author

Matsumura, T, Akiba, Y, Arnold, K, Borrill, J, Chendra, R, Chinone, Y, Cukierman, A, de Haan, T, Dobbs, M, Dominjon, A, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fujino, T, Fuke, H, Goeckner-wald, N, Halverson, N, Harvey, P, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hattori, M, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Hilton, G, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Hubmayr, J, Ichiki, K, Inatani, J, Inoue, M, Inoue, Y, Irie, F, Irwin, K, Ishino, H, Ishitsuka, H, Jeong, O, Karatsu, K, Kashima, S, Katayama, N, Kawano, I, Keating, B, Kibayashi, A, Kibe, Y, Kida, Y, Kimura, K, Kimura, N, Kohri, K, Komatsu, E, Kuo, CL, Kuromiya, S, Kusaka, A, Lee, A, Linder, E, Matsuhara, H, Matsuoka, S, Matsuura, S, Mima, S, Mitsuda, K, Mizukami, K, Morii, H, Morishima, T, Nagai, M, Nagasaki, T, Nagata, R, Nakajima, M, Nakamura, S, Namikawa, T, Naruse, M, Natsume, K, Nishibori, T, Nishijo, K, Nishino, H, Nitta, T, Noda, A, Noguchi, T, Ogawa, H, Oguri, S, Ohta, IS, Otani, C, Okada, N, Okamoto, A, Okamura, T, Rebeiz, G, Richards, P, Sakai, S, Sato, N, Sato, Y, Segawa, Y, Sekiguchi, S, Sekimoto, Y, Sekine, M, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shinozaki, K, Shu, S, and Stompor, R

Subjects
Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. LiteBIRD is a proposed CMB polarization satellite project to probe the inflationary B-mode signal. The satellite is designed to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio with a 68 % confidence level uncertainty of σr< 10- 3, including statistical, instrumental systematic, and foreground uncertainties. LiteBIRD will observe the full sky from the second Lagrange point for 3 years. We have a focal plane layout for observing frequency coverage that spans 40–402 GHz to characterize the galactic foregrounds. We have two detector candidates, transition-edge sensor bolometers and microwave kinetic inductance detectors. In both cases, a telecentric focal plane consists of approximately 2 × 103superconducting detectors. We will present the mission overview of LiteBIRD, the project status, and the TES focal plane layout.

Published
2016

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