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Results from a 1D setup of the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) biogeochemical model were compared with new observations collected under the UK Shelf Seas Biogeochemistry (SSB) programme to assess model performance and clarify elements of shelf-sea benthic biogeochemistry and carbon cycling. Observations from two contrasting sites (muddy and sandy) in the Celtic Sea in otherwise comparable hydrographic conditions were considered, with the focus on the benthic system. A standard model parameterisation with site-specific light and nutrient adjustments was used, along with modifications to the within-seabed diffusivity to accommodate the modelling of permeable (sandy) sediments. Differences between modelled and observed quantities of organic carbon in the bed were interpreted to suggest that a large part (>90%) of the observed benthic organic carbon is biologically relatively inactive. Evidence on the rate at which this inactive fraction is produced will constitute important information to quantify offshore carbon sequestration. Total oxygen uptake and oxic layer depths were within the range of the measured values. Modelled depth average pore water concentrations of ammonium, phosphate and silicate were typically 5–20% of observed values at the muddy site due to an underestimate of concentrations associated with the deeper sediment layers. Model agreement for these nutrients was better at the sandy site, which had lower pore water concentrations, especially deeper in the sediment. Comparison of pore water nitrate with observations had added uncertainty, as the results from process studies at the sites indicated the dominance of the anammox pathway for nitrogen removal; a pathway that is not included in the model. Macrofaunal biomasses were overestimated, although a model run with increased macrofaunal background mortality rates decreased macrofaunal biomass and improved agreement with observations. The decrease in macrofaunal biomass was compensated by an increase in meiofaunal biomass such that total oxygen demand remained within the observed range. The permeable sediment modification reproduced some of the observed behaviour of oxygen penetration depth at the sandy site. It is suggested that future development in ERSEM benthic modelling should focus on: (1) mixing and degradation rates of benthic organic matter, (2) validation of benthic faunal biomass against large scale spatial datasets, (3) incorporation of anammox in the benthic nitrogen cycle, and (4) further developments to represent permeable sediment processes.

Two nematode species living in association with chemoautotrophic prokaryotes were found in two deep-sea canyon/channel systems, the Whittard Canyon and Gollum Channels, north-east Atlantic. Parabostrichus bathyalis gen. nov. sp. nov. (Desmodorida: Desmodoridae: Stilbonematinae) relates to Eubostrichus Greeff 1869 but differs in having well-developed paired dorso-caudal apophyses of the gubernaculum, small pre- and postcloacal latero-ventral papillae with short apical setae, elongate tail with slender posterior portion, and the absence of thorn-like setae (porids) in males. Body of P. bathyalis is loosely covered with elongate cells of prokaryote ectosymbionts. Astomonema southwardorum Austen et al. 1993, originally found at a methane seep pockmark in the North Sea, constitutes a significant portion of nematode communities in certain areas of the deep-sea canyon/channel systems. Taxonomic difficulties within Astomonematinae are discussed in light of the character state of paired male gonads discovered in A. southwardorum. Canyon populations of A. southwardorum are characterized by frequent loss of part of the hind body and wound healing posterior to the vulva in females. Both species tend to occur in deeper subsurface layers of the bottom sediment. Abundance of the nematode species associated with aggregations of ectosymbiotic (Parabostrichus) and endosymbiotic (Astomonema) chemoautotrophic bacteria may indicate reduced conditions at sites in these deep-sea canyons/channels and suggests a potentially substantial ecological role for chemolitotrophic fauna there.

The Freckled Nightjar Caprimulgus tristigma and the Blackish Nightjar C. nigrescens are widespread and common within their rupicolous habitat, in the Afrotropics and Neotropics respectively, and may therefore be considered as successful in their adaptation to this habitat, a niche that has not been exploited by any other nightjar species. However, apart from a plumage pattern that matches a rocky substrate, their known life histories provide no common factors to explain this adaptive success. The factors that they do share are common to most other nightjars. While they nest and roost on rocks, their breeding biology is remarkably different. The contrasts and lack of convergence are surprising, and suggest that these two species are not as closely related as their current congeneric status implies. This is supported by recent molecular studies that place the African and South American Caprimulgus species in different well-supported clades.OSTRICH 2010, 81(2): 145–148

The meiobenthologists’ international meetings began officially in Tunisia, in 1969, when 28 researchers gathered to discuss the taxonomy and ecology of meiobenthos. A second meeting followed four years later in York (UK), in 1973, and a third one occurred in Hamburg (Germany) in 1977. From then onwards, the tri-annual International Meiofauna Conference was born. Every three years, more participants join the group, and there seems to be an ever increasing wealth of knowledge being shared at these events. So far, 13 IMCo's have taken place. Ghent University, its Marine Biology Research Group and the International Association of Meiobenthologists, are proud to have welcomed all meiofauna students, scientists and enthusiasts to FourtIMCo, the 14th International Meiofauna Conference, in Ghent, 11-16 July 2010. FourtIMCo provides a multidisciplinary forum to researchers from disciplines such as community and population ecology, taxonomy, phylogeny and phylogeography, environmental studies, biogeochemistry and microbiology, that study habitats from freshwater over estuarine to marine environments. The meiofauna is the overarching theme connecting these very different lines of research and habitats with studies also involving meiofauna as one component of larger and more encompassing research themes, such as benthic carbon flows, foodweb models, biodiversity studies, environmental impact and management among others. During the FourtIMCo conference, 73 abstracts were given in oral presentations, and 128 abstracts as poster presentations, by 180 scientists from 28 countries.The FourtIMCo programme hosts sessions on the following themes:- Biodiversity and biogeography of meiofauna (27 oral and 50 poster)- Taxonomy and phylogeny of meiofauna (11 oral and 36 poster)- Meiofauna research as a basis for environmental management (11 oral and 11 poster)- Freshwater meiofauna (7 oral and 6 poster)- Ecological interactions and energy flow (14 oral and 8 poster)- Meiofauna in pollution studies (6 oral and 12 poster)

The Gollum Channel System is the only major downslope sediment supplying system on the Irish Atlantic margin. A decade ago, its structure and development was still poorly understood, compared with its counterparts on the Celtic and Armorican margins. A variety of data, collected from 1999 to 2006, has shed a new light on the upper reaches of this system. These data allowed two different channel settings to be distinguished clearly. The main Gollum channel system is characterized by several deeply incised canyons with numerous slide scars on their flanks. Their pathways seem to be influenced by a structural control, creating a bayonet-shaped course. Upstream of this structural feature, the channel floor deposits are characterized by thick acoustically transparent units, suggesting ponded turbidites or mass-wasting deposits. A long piston core, however, only yields a small number of fine-grained turbidites in a muddy hemipelagic host sediment. This implies that this system has known a relatively low activity during Quaternary times. Moreover, at the abyssal end of the slightly sinuous Gollum channel, only a weakly developed deep-sea fan is found, confirming a low-sediment supply. In the northern part of the system, on the other hand, the Kings channels show an entirely different situation. Here the channels are broad and smooth with relatively gentle flanks. Along the longitudinal axis of the northernmost channel, an intra-channel levee is observed, suggesting a relatively higher bottom current activity compared with the southern Gollum channels. The most remarkable feature, however, is a large field of mass-wasting deposits and escarpments. This calls for a dramatic phase of slope instability within the Neogene. Until now, little evidence is found for the cause of this event. The evidence of pockmarks north of this area could invoke the mediation of fluid migration.

Within the framework of the EC FP6 HERMES project, Ghent University organised a joint geophysical and biological research cruise to the Gollum and Whittard Canyon system with R/V Belgica from 23rd to 29th of June 2006. The aim was to study the local ecosystems and their drivers. In combining and integrating various scientific disciplines, it is aimed to get a complete picture on how biodiversity, biological processes and physical factors are linked to each other and how they can control the various ecosystems along the European Margin.During this campaign, special attention was given to the upper slope configuration of the Gollum channel heads, fitting in a framework of multibeam bathymetry ........(Beyer et al., 2003), seismic profiling and TOBI side-scan sonar data ....................(Wheeler et al., 2003) collected during previous campaigns. The main Gollum channel system is characterised by several deeply incised canyons with numerous slide scars on their flanks. Their pathways seem to be influenced by a structural control, creating a bayonet-shaped course. Upstream of this structural feature, the channel floor deposits are characterized by thick acoustically transparent units suggesting ponded turbidites or mass-wasting deposits. A long piston core, acquired with R/V Marion Dufresne in 2001 (MD01-2464), however, only yields a small number of fine-grained turbidites in a muddy hemipelagic host sediment. This suggests that this system has known a relatively low activity during Quaternary times. The high-resolution single-channel sparker geophysical survey on the Whittard canyon system was originally designed to better document its morphology and structure and to assist finding suitable places for biological sampling. During this survey, a set of enigmatic mound-like structures were found in water depths of 300 to 500m, very much alike the coral banks observed in the Porcupine basin, recently drilled by IODP expedition 307 ......................(IODP 307 Expedition Scientists, 2005; De Mol et al., 2002). They are closely associated to a downslope gully of the Whittard canyon and some levee (or even drift) deposits. The presence of coral banks in this canyon location would be a perfect example of the HERMES ecosystem hotspots. However, only few profiles were acquired and no detailed bathymetric data was available at the time of the campaign. Further investigations within the HERMES community will be conducted in order to verify this potentially interesting observation.

We describe the opportunistic adaptation to man-induced changes in the habitats of six neotropical Caprimulgidae. Habitats created by those changes, and similar to their original and usual ones, are readily occupied by these nightjars. The occasional invasion of urban environments ("urbanization") is the most recent and most remarkable behavioural adaptation. Descrevemos a adaptação oportunista de seis caprimulgídeos neotropicais aos hábitats induzidos pelo homem. Os ambientes criados por essas mudanças e semelhantes aos orginais são prontamente ocupados por esses caprimulgídeos. A invasão de ambientes urbanos ("urbanizados") é a mais recente e mais extraordinária adaptação comportamental.