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Objective: This article explores dilemmas related to contemporary fatherhood and discusses how theories of individualization enable the understanding of social change and family life. Background: Theories on modernization argue that ongoing processes of individualization challenge researchers to reinvent key concepts in family sociology. The concept of intimate fatherhood allows for the exploration of men’s family practices and presents a basis for understanding what modernization means for contemporary parenthood. Intimate fatherhood can be further theorized through empirically sensitive approaches in the study of everyday family life. Method: Drawing on data from a mixed-method longitudinal study comprising four waves of data from the 1968 cohort in Denmark (n = 1,414), the study analyzes qualitative interviews from the second and fourth waves. Social psychological discourse analysis of the interviews is used to explore the participants' family practices. Results: The analysis examines how caring intimacy in contemporary fatherhood is interwoven in a complex entanglement with other positions related to partnering and provision. Individualization is theorized as a mode of orientation in life with reference to oneself but not counterposed to social ties and family practices signified by solidarity and togetherness. Conclusion: Individualization theory can guide analytical attention when examining contemporary fatherhood, but such analyses must remain sensitive to the complex entanglement of everyday family life.

Doktorski rad Strukturna i kulturna individualizacija u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2019. godine uključuje teorijsko i empirijsko istraživanje procesa individualizacije kao važne dimenzije modernizacijskih procesa i vrijednosnih promjena. Na temelju analitičkog pristupa teorijskoj građi iz korpusa klasičnih i suvremenih društvenih teorija, individualizacija je podijeljena na strukturnu i kulturnu. Strukturna individualizacija konceptualizirana je kao oslobađanje od spona društvenih struktura (institucija i uloga), a kulturna individualizacija kao porast individualističkih vrijednosnih orijentacija koje se odražavaju u opadanju kolektivizma, solidarnosti i društvene odgovornosti kao univerzalnih vrijednosnih orijentacija. Ciljevi su disertacije analizirati trendove strukturne i kulturne individualizacije; istražiti njihovu povezanost u hrvatskom društvu; te istražiti njihovu povezanost višerazinskim regresijskim modelima na uzorku odabranih europskih država. U disertaciji je testirana i potvrđena glavna hipoteza Kulturna individualizacija povezana je sa strukturnom individualizacijom. Testirane su i hipoteze o rastućem trendu strukturne i kulturne individualizacije te o povezanosti pojedinih dimenzija kulturne individualizacije kao kriterija i strukturne individualizacije kao prediktorskog sklopa varijabli. Pomoću podataka Europske studije vrijednosti iz 1999., 2008. i 2018. godine dotični su koncepti operacionalizirani te pretvoreni u indekse i skale koje su korištene u analizama. U okviru većine pokazatelja utvrđen je rastući trend strukturne individualizacije. U slučaju kulturne individualizacije nema jednoznačnog obrasca, međutim nijedan pokazatelj nije imao najveću vrijednost u posljednjoj vremenskoj točki. U hrvatskom su društvu više razine egoističnog individualizma povezane sa strukturnom individualizacijom u domenama religije, obitelji i rada. Anomijski individualizam pozitivno je povezan sa svim istraživanim domenama strukturne individualizacije, dok je ekonomski individualizam pozitivno povezan s detradicionalizacijom obitelji. Višerazinskim regresijskim analizama utvrđeno je da na stupanj kulturne individualizacije najvećim dijelom utječu pokazatelji strukturne individualizacije mikro-razine, dok većina makro-pokazatelja nije povezna s kulturnom individualizacijom. The doctoral thesis Structural and Cultural Individualization in Croatian Society Between 1999 and 2018 includes theoretical and empirical research on the process of individualization as an important dimension of modernization processes and value changes in contemporary societies. The first part of the thesis offers an overview of the most important theories on individualism and individualization, which includes the works of many authors: from Tocqueville, Simmel, Durkheim and Weber to Beck, Beck-Gernsheim, Bauman and Giddens. After a review of relevant theoretical works, the results of previous empirical research on the topic in question are presented. Among the researchers represented are Inglehart, Hofstede, Schwartz, Triandis, Halman and others. The next part concerns the conceptualization of the main phenomena. Based on an analytical approach to the corpus of classical and contemporary social theories and previous empirical research, individualization is divided into structural and cultural individualization. While structural individualization is conceptualized as liberation from the bonds of social structures, institutions and roles, cultural individualization is seen as an increase in individualistic value orientations that are reflected in the decline of collectivism, solidarity, and social responsibility as universal value orientations. The research objectives of the thesis were to analyze the trends of structural and cultural individualization in Croatian society, with reference to the European context; to investigate the connections between structural and cultural individualization in Croatian society; and to investigate the connection between structural and cultural individualization by implementing multilevel regression models in the context of selected European countries. In accordance with the stated goals, the main hypothesis Cultural individualization is correlated to structural individualization was tested and confirmed. In addition to the main hypothesis, hypotheses about the growing trend of structural and cultural individualization and auxiliary hypotheses about the connection were tested, which refer to certain dimensions of cultural individualization as a dependent variable and structural individualization as a predictor set of variables. Using the variables from the databases of the European Values Study from 1999, 2008 and 2018, the respective concepts were operationalized and converted into indices and scales that were used in correlation analyses. Within most of our indicators, a growing trend of structural individualization was established. In the case of cultural individualization, there is no unequivocal pattern, however none of the indicators had the highest value in the last wave of research. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that the degree of cultural individualization is mostly influenced by indicators of structural individualization at the micro-level, and most macroindicators are not related to cultural individualization. Significant and positive correlations between structural individualization and anomic individualism and egoistic individualism (social indifference and identity indifference) were found, while correlations between structural individualization and economic individualism were mostly negative. Individualized political participation was negatively related to cultural individualization, which indicates a positive effect of individualized civic participation on social solidarity and cohesion. The scientific contribution of this doctoral thesis is reflected in the fact that the process of individualization was approached with an innovative theoretical-conceptual framework and empirical indicators from several domains and at several levels of analysis.

The article presents the conceptual direction of individualization of training of skilled sportswomen and main provisions of the developed technique for individualization of training of the athletes in the annual cycle, specializing in sprinting. Efficiency of the developed technique application taking into account the gender features of sportswomen is proved.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Di antara seluruh desain metode kuasi eksperimen, pada penelitian ini digunakan post-test only control group design. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah cluster random sampling. Sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas VIII-B dan VIII-C di SMP Negeri 5 Bogor. Kemampuan representasi matematis siswa diukur menggunakan instrumen penelitian yaitu 3 soal uraian pada materi peluang yang telah valid dan reliabel. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t dengan taraf signifikansi , didapat bahwa dan sehingga , maka ditolak dan nilai Cohen’s effect size yang diperoleh adalah 0,976 yang termasuk pada kategori besar dengan persentase 82%. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah didapat, maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 5 Bogor.

In this article, I explore how risk transformed from being understood as a property of groups to being understood as a property of individuals by examining the history of public and private insurance in the United States. Rather than locate changes in how risk is managed in our society in the “great risk shift” that occurred with the emergence of neoliberalism, I suggest the individualization of risk in recent decades is only the latest instantiation of a recurrent conflict between security and freedom that has marked the evolution of capitalism. Seen from this longer historical perspective, the “personal responsibility revolution” appears not as the handiwork of neoliberal policymakers but, rather, as the unintended result of social movements that contested discriminatory practices in insurance markets. Thus, paradoxically, my account suggests that struggles against discrimination seeded the individualization of risk that is now the hallmark of neoliberal capitalism.

Fasilitas teknologi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar khususnya siswa SMK ranah teknologi dan informasi. Berpikir komputasi juga merupakan salah satu kemampuan pendukung yang harus dimiliki setiap siswa. Hal ini sejalan dengan studi pendahuluan yang telah peneliti lakukan, guru menyatakan bahwa siswa kesulitan serta kurang aktif saat mempelajari materi pemrograman dasar yang disebabkan oleh terbatasnya media yang digunakan dan metode yang kurang optimal. Maka, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu merancang media pembelajaran berupa unplugged dengan metode Team Assisted Individualization yang selanjutnya disebut BoCaGa. Dokumentasi media dirancang menggunakan animasi agar menggambarkan kegiatan pembelajaran dengan jelas. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode eksperimen semu pretest dan posttest control group design. Sehingga, diperoleh: 1) media pembelajaran dinyatakan layak digunakan dengan nilai persentase sebesar 94,23% termasuk kategori “Sangat Baik” oleh ahli media. (2) Media pembelajaran yang telah dirancang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir komputasi siswa dengan rata-rata nilai gain sebesar 0,49 dan kriteria efektivitas “sedang”. (3) Respon siswa terhadap penggunaan BoCaGa menunjukkan nilai persentase sebesar 97, 87% dengan kategori ”Sangat Baik”.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Marketing pada sisiwa Kelas XI BDP 1 di SMK Negeri 1 dengan menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Asisted Individualization (TAI). Rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini adalah apakah melalui penerapan model pembelajaran TAI dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Marketing pada siswa Kelas XI BDP 1 di SMK Negeri 1?.Yang menjadi subjek penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di Kelas XI BDP 1 di SMK Negeri 1 Pekanbaru ini terdapat 34 orang siswa, 14 orang siswa laki-laki, 20 orang siswa perempuan.Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan: 1) Peningkatan rata-rata daya serap siswa melalui post test dari 63,89 (pertemuan I siklus I) menjadi 88,89 (pertemuan II siklus II/ pertemuan terakhir). Hal ini membuktikan penggunaan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TAIÂ dapat membuat siswa lebih memahami materi pokok pembahasan. 2) Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TAI di XI BDP 1 di SMK Negeri Tahun Pelajaran 2019 dapat mencapai ketuntasan dan hasil belajar siswa.

This article deals with the issue of the individualization of education in the context of the concept of anti-victim personality. The most undeveloped aspect of the individualization of education is the question of the use of physical education and sports as tools in the education of an anti-victim personality. The study used structured interviews in conjunction with victimological analysis. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the nonparametric Pearson criterion χ2. Four groups of study participants were identified according to their level of awareness of the importance of physical development. Only the “active” athletes had anti-victim attitudes toward difficulties and failures in physical education and sporting activities. This proves that one of the ways to form an anti-victim personality in sports is to consciously overcome difficulties and increase levels of self-esteem.

The article carries out a historical analysis of punishment and its orientation, examines the importance of studying the identity of the criminal, individualization in the awarding of criminal punishments, provides examples of an individualized approach to the execution of punishment, and also outlines ways to improve existing legislation

Online markets offer sellers access to buyers’ information and, thus, the potential to alter prices and products accordingly. In light of this, we undertook an empirical analysis to test for individualization on Amazon.com. We collect data from individuals recruited to shop for household items. Our results indicate evidence of individualization of search results and net prices (via coupons). We found, contrary to what was expected, that demographic, geolocation, and account information play an insignificant role in individualization of search results. Thus, we conclude that individualization is based on more dynamic information, e.g., online browsing behavior. This highlights the fact that sellers’ need for (and use of) buyer information goes beyond the simple information accessible from the buyers’ accounts to a more rigorous monitoring of buyers’ online behavior.

The texts of the strategies of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The studied database includes 240 strategic documents approved in the period from 1997 to 2020. Based on the analysis of the selected strategic documents, the prerequisites for their actualization are identified. Based on the results of studying the dynamics of the approval of strategic documents, the author’s periodization of the “waves of interest” in the development of socio-economic development strategies is proposed: from the year of the introduction of a new type of planning document to the current stage of development strategies. General ideas about the individualization of strategies for the socio-economic development of territories of different levels are founded.

The paper presents the results of the theoretical analysis of the scientific (original scientific papers, reviews, and short scientific papers) and professional papers investigating the problem of individualization in teaching, that were published in the Teaching Innovations journal from 1983, when the first issue of the journal was published, until the last published issue No. 4 in 2020. The aim of the research in this paper was to critically inspect how the problem of individualization in teaching was treated in the research papers published in the journal and to draw lessons about the conceptual and methodological approaches and implications for teaching practice in modern terms. The units for theoretical analysis were: the number of the relevant papers in relation to the total number of the papers by the year of publication of the journal, the type of the papers according to the current classification of papers published in the journal, theoretical aspects from which the authors consider the problem of individualization in teaching, and methodological approach. The results of the research show that during 33 years of publishing the Journal, 63 papers have been published that research the problem of individualization in teaching; the majority of the papers are professional papers; analytical approach prevails in the research (literature analysis and analysis of specific classes). The authors usually start from a general didactic approach, while methodological aspect is most common in the treatment of individualization in the Serbian language teaching and mathematics teaching. Based on the results of the analysis, some implications are pointed out from the aspect of development of student competencies and professional competencies of teachers.

Problem statement . One of the priorities of the modern school is informatization and individualization of education. The implementation of these tasks can be facilitated by an electronic portfolio as a means for evaluating the individual educational results of students, optimizing work with information, and supporting the design of a non-linear structure for presenting materials in different formats. The research is aimed at studying the possibilities of an interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio for the individualization of education in a primary school. Methodology . Theoretical and methodological analysis and generalization of legal acts, literature on the application of information and communication technologies in education, processing of test results and electronic content of the portfolio are applied. Experimental work was carried out on the basis of Gymnasium No. 1 in Kirovo-Chepetsk. The experiment involved 52 students from grades 5-10 (girls - 52%, boys - 48%). Pearson’s chi-squared test for statistical data processing was used. Results . A model of an interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio has been developed for the individualization of education in a primary school. This model determines the structure of an interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio, including the sections “My individual educational route” (personal development of the student), “My lessons” (class activities), “My studios” (extracurricular activities), “My affairs” (educational work). The Google Classroom service was used to implement the model. Statistically significant differences in qualitative changes in the pedagogical system were revealed. Conclusion . The possibilities of an interactive multifunctional cloud portfolio for the individualization of education in a primary school are summarized: changing the nature of interaction between participants in educational relations; formation of universal educational activities, communication skills; personal development of students, etc.

Hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Matematika khususnya pada materi operasi hitung bilangan bulat positif dan negatif tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 sangat rendah. Hal ini dibuktikan berdasarkan hasil evaluasi yang dilakukan guru sekitar 70% mendapatkan nilai dibawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum yang ditetapkan sekolah untuk pembelajaran Matematika kelas IV yaitu 60. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dilaksanakannya penelitian tindakan kelas sebagai upaya perbaikan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan metode kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) mampu meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi operasi hitung bilangan bulat positif dan negatif pada pembelajaran Matematika Kelas IV SDN 11 Alur Bandung semester genap tahun pelajaran Hasil yang didapat setelah pelaksanaan penelitikan tindakan kelas dengan menerapkan metode kooperatif tipe Team assisted Individualization (TAI) selama 2 siklus penelitian adalah Pada Siklus II jumlah siswa yang mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM pada perbaikan pembelajaran siklus II meningkat dari jumlah yang sebelumnya 10 orang menjadi 14 orang mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM. Pada siklus II ini terjadi pula penurunan jumlah siswa yang mendapatkan nilai dibawah KKM setelah dievaluasi yaitu hanya tinggal 6 orang atau sekitar 30% dari 20 orang siswa.

Purpose: to establish the features of individualization in martial arts based on the analysis of scientific and methodological information, the Internet and generalization of best practices. Material and methods. The following methods were used to conduct the study: analysis of scientific and methodological information and the Internet, generalization of best practices. Results: the analysis of scientific and methodical information, Internet sources and generalization of the best practical experience allowed to establish that the problem of individualization of training of qualified sportsmen has always remained an actual direction for research. An important feature of practical work at the stages of in-depth improvement and realization of individual capabilities of wrestlers is its selectivity in accordance with the unique properties of each student. At these stages, frontal and group approaches are increasingly giving way to an individual approach to the conduct of educational and training work. Specialists in different types of martial arts believe that when planning the means and methods of sports training in the training process of martial artists it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of athletes of different weight categories and styles of conducting a competitive match (fight, battle). Thus, the authors provided practical recommendations on the use of means and methods of sports training in the training process of martial artists of different weight categories and styles of confrontation. Conclusions. The results of the conducted research showed that in the management of the formation of the individual style of confrontation of qualified sportsmen in martial arts it is necessary to focus on the following main factors: on the most effective, widespread techniques; on the morpho-functional abilities of the sportsman; on his individual motor giftedness; on the development of physical qualities; on the peculiarity of the nervous system. It is determined that when drawing up a prospective training plan for qualified martial artists, it is necessary to take into account the reaction of the athletes' body to physical activity, depending on the weight category and style of confrontation.

Purpose of the study: Research This done with objective For analyze understanding draft mathematics competence number with using the Learning Model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) for students class IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Hidayah Kebon IX Muaro Jambi. Methodology: Deep data study This in the form of quantitative and qualitative data which is analyzed in a manner descriptive and data obtained through stages observation as much as 2 cycles with sample as many as 18 students. Main Findings: After done 2 cycles obtained happen enhancement understanding draft improved mathematic using learning models Team Assisted Individualization (TAI). enhancement results from understanding draft mathematics competence number student by 26.73%. Novelty/Originality of this study: Updating from study This is related research with enhancement understanding draft mathematics competence number with using the Learning Model The previous Team Assisted Individualization (TAI).

This study aims to determine whether there are differences in students' ability to understand mathematical concepts taught using the Discovery Learning model, Cooperative Learning Type Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) model and the conventional model. This type of research was quasi-experimental. The population in this study was the class VIII SMP Negeri 11 Bengkulu City which consisted of six classes, namely class VIII B, VIII C, VIII D, VIII F, VIII G, and VIII H. Samples in this study were three homogeneous classes from six population classes that were randomly selected, namely class VIII B as the experimental class I which was treated with Discovery Learning model, class VIII C as the experimental class II which was treated with Cooperative Learning Type Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) model, and class VIII F as a control class using a conventional model. Based on the results of the research on the ability to understand concepts, shows that there are differences between the Discovery Learning model, the Cooperative Learning Type Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) model, and the conventional model. The post-test scores of the students revealed that the Discovery Learning model outperformed the Cooperative Learning Type Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) model and the conventional model.

Purpose of the study: This research aims to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts in number competency by using the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) Learning Model in class IV B SDN No. 64/1 Muara Bulian. Methodology: This research is a study that consists of 2 cycles. This type of research uses a mixed method, namely a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. The research subjects were students of class IV B at SD Negeri 64/1 Muara Bulian. The data obtained are quantitative data and qualitative data. Data collection techniques were obtained through observation and interviews. Then the data were analyzed based on the type of data obtained. Main Findings: The study's findings showed that students' understanding of concepts increased from 60.35% in cycle I to 84.86% in cycle II. So that the use of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model can help improve students' conceptual understanding of number competence in class IV B SDN NO. 64/1 Muara Bulian. Novelty/Originality of this study: The update in this research is contained in the results of this research, where the studies in this article are the latest results in the field of science, especially mathematics education. With this research, readers and other researchers can determine the impact of using the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model on students' understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary schools, especially in number competency material.

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students. This is because previous learning methods used conventional models. The purpose of this research is to improve the learning outcomes and activities of students in the subject matter of arithmetic sequences and series. This type of research is classroom action research with two cycles consisting of four stages, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Data collection techniques are tests, interviews, observation, and documentation. The learning model used in this research is Teams Assisted Individualization (TAI) type cooperative learning. From the analysis of student learning outcomes in cycle I, the percentage of learning outcomes was 76.47%. while in cycle II the percentage of learning outcomes was 91.17%. The activity of students also increased in cycle II. The average student activity in the first cycle was 62.85%, increasing to 81.18% in the second cycle. The conclusion from the study, learning by using the Teams Assisted Individualization (TAI) type of cooperative learning model improves student learning outcomes and activities as well as increases students' understanding of the material for Arimetic sequences and series. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi masih rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik. Hal ini dikarenakan metode pembelajaran sebelumnya menggunakan model konvensional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan hasil belajar dan aktivitas peserta didik pada materi barisan dan deret arimetika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu tes, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Assisted Individualization (TAI). Dari análisis hasil belajar peserta didik pada siklus I didapat persentase hasil belajar sebesar 76, 47 %. sedangkan pada siklus II persentase hasil belajar sebesar 91,17% . Pada aktivitas peserta didik juga meningkat pada siklus II. Rata-rata aktivitas peserta didik pada siklus pertama 62,85 % meningkat menjadi 81,18 % pada siklus II. Kesimpulan dari penelitian, pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Assisted Individualization (TAI) meningkatkan hasil belajar dan aktivitas peserta didik serta meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik tentang materi barisan dan deret Arimetika.

Digital learning platforms (DLP) provide various types of information about student learning when used for learning and practice. This learning data holds potential for individualized instruction, which has become increasingly necessary for adequately addressing learners’ individual needs. For primary schools in particular, this is important for developing inclusive schools. However, despite the potential of DLP and the learning data that can be obtained from them, they are rarely used by teachers. Furthermore, little is known about factors that lead teachers to use learning data for instruction and individual support. To address this research gap, we conducted an online cross-sectional survey study of N = 272 primary school teachers in Germany. After describing the respondents’ current and previous usage of learning data from DLP, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the influence of predictors on respondents’ intention to use as well as their usage of learning data from DLP. Finally, we discuss the need for increased usage of learning data in teacher education and training, contributing to ongoing debates about the usage of digital learning data in educational research and practice.

Simmel’sblaséand Benjamin’sflâneuras symbols of their models of metropolitan subjectivity can be the necessary reference points for delineating two models, sometimes converging, other times diverging, regarding the representation of the individual and its possible autonomy in the context of the “aestheticization” of contemporary daily life. Simmel does not stop looking – albeit with an accent on the tragic that grew ever stronger in last stages of his reflections – at the individual and the process of individualization from the perspective of the ever more marked differentiation and growth of the vital possibilities of the individual. Simmel’s conception of life as Adventure expresses an irreversible trend of contemporary subjectivity, which is towards the realization of its peculiarity and uniqueness. Benjamin, on the contrary, criticizes the conception of the adventure as the very search for true “lived experience” (Erlebnis), because it would lead directly to the aestheticization of politics, the exaltation of the noble gesture, the search for the authentic − all the forms of cultural expression that led to fascism and war. He seems rather prefer going beyond − in the utopian and/or ideological sense − the individualistic structure of contemporary society. His hope was that the void created by the disappearance of the western individual could be filled by new forms and figures of subjectivity and intellectuality made possible through the means offered by the technical reproducibility of artwork. From an exquisitely theoretical point of view, nothing can guarantee a priori that the search for authenticity does not head in this regressive direction, instead of establishing a point of departure towards new ethical and political paths.

PURPOSE: There is ongoing controversy about the recommended dose of cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This multicenter phase II open-label, randomized, parallel-group study compared 3-weekly cabazitaxel at 25 mg/m2 (conventional arm A) with cabazitaxel therapeutic drug monitoring (experimental arm B) in mCRPC. The primary objective was to improve the clinical feasibility rate (CFR), defined as the absence of grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, any thrombocytopenia with bleeding, febrile neutropenia, severe nonhematologic toxicity, withdrawal for cabazitaxel-related toxicity, or death. A total of 60 patients had to be randomized to detect a difference in CFR of 35% (power 80%, two-sided alpha 10%). RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were randomized to arm A and 33 patients to arm B. CFR was 69.4% in arm A and 64.3% in arm B (P = 0.79). Week-12 PSA response was 38.5% in both arms. A radiological response by RECIST v.1.1 was seen in 3 (9.7%) patients in arm A versus 6 (23.1%) patients in arm B (P = 0.28), disease progression was higher in arm A compared with arm B (61.3% vs. 30.8%, P = 0.05). Median progression-free survival was longer in arm B compared with arm A (9.5 vs. 4.4 months; HR = 0.46; P = 0.005). Median overall survival was higher in arm B compared with arm A (16.2 vs. 7.3 months; HR = 0.33; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacokinetic-guided dosing of cabazitaxel in patients with mCRPC is feasible and improves clinical outcome due to individual dose escalations in 55% of patients.

PURPOSE: There is ongoing controversy about the recommended dose of cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This multicenter phase II open-label, randomized, parallel-group study compared 3-weekly cabazitaxel at 25 mg/m2 (conventional arm A) with cabazitaxel therapeutic drug monitoring (experimental arm B) in mCRPC. The primary objective was to improve the clinical feasibility rate (CFR), defined as the absence of grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, any thrombocytopenia with bleeding, febrile neutropenia, severe nonhematologic toxicity, withdrawal for cabazitaxel-related toxicity, or death. A total of 60 patients had to be randomized to detect a difference in CFR of 35% (power 80%, two-sided alpha 10%). RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were randomized to arm A and 33 patients to arm B. CFR was 69.4% in arm A and 64.3% in arm B (P = 0.79). Week-12 PSA response was 38.5% in both arms. A radiological response by RECIST v.1.1 was seen in 3 (9.7%) patients in arm A versus 6 (23.1%) patients in arm B (P = 0.28), disease progression was higher in arm A compared with arm B (61.3% vs. 30.8%, P = 0.05). Median progression-free survival was longer in arm B compared with arm A (9.5 vs. 4.4 months; HR = 0.46; P = 0.005). Median overall survival was higher in arm B compared with arm A (16.2 vs. 7.3 months; HR = 0.33; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacokinetic-guided dosing of cabazitaxel in patients with mCRPC is feasible and improves clinical outcome due to individual dose escalations in 55% of patients.

Representasi matematis siswa masih tergolong rendah yang disebabkan oleh pembelajaran matematika selama ini siswa jarang diberikan kesempatan untuk menghadirkan atau mengaplikasikan representasinya sendiri, materi pembelajaran yang diterapkan cenderung teoritik dan kurang berhubungan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, serta kurang menggali representasi matematis siswa. Upaya memfasilitasi agar representasi matematis siswa berkembang menjadi sangat penting. Salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan representasi matematis siswa adalah dengan mengubah model pembelajaran ke arah yang lebih baik, efektif, kondusif, bervariasi dan menyenangkan. Model pembelajaran yang baik untuk diterapkan pada pembelajaran matematika dan dalam mendorong munculnya representasi matematis siswa adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Asissted Individualization. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat meningkatkan representasi matematis siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Asissted Individualization. Penelitian ini menggunakan Pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Samaturu, sampel penelitian diambil 2 kelas dengan tekhnik Simple Random Sampling sehingga diperoleh kelas XI Mipa-4 Sebagai kelas eksperimen dan Kels XI Mipa-3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa tes tertulus representasi matematis. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial dengan uji hipotesis menggunakan Uji T, dan Uji T berpasangan pada α = 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan representasi matematis siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Asissted Individualization memperoleh peningkatan yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional

Dissertação de Mestrado em Antropologia Forense apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia A antropologia forense é a ciência que se preocupa, entre outras coisas, em estabelecer a identificação de uma pessoa em contextos médico-legais. Sendo a identificação a prioridade, esta baseia-se, em métodos científicos. As mudanças ósseas e algumas doenças possibilitam o fornecimento de informações acerca de uma pessoa. Os nódulos de Schmorl são encontrados com frequência em restos de esqueletos de contextos arqueológicos e forenses. Estes nódulos são identificados por meio de uma depressão junto à superfície do corpo vertebral e afetam, com maior frequência, a região inferior do tórax e lombar, sendo comum em populações vivas e passadas. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar e distinguir ocorrências dos nódulos de Schmorl na coluna vertebral, além de apurar a possibilidade de os utilizar como características individualizantes. Procuramos assim tentar identificar o seu potencial como fator de identificação na Antropologia Forense, investigando a frequência em 128 indivíduos adultos (81 mulheres e 47 homens) pertencentes à Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados Século XXI (CEI/XXI), da Universidade de Coimbra. Os indivíduos da amostra apresentavam idade à morte entre 61 e 99 anos (idade média = 81 anos). Os nódulos de Schmorl foram examinados através dos métodos de Knüsel e colaboradores (1997) e Jiménez-Brobeil e colaboradores (2010), segundo a sua severidade e distribuição, por segmento na coluna vertebral e analisados suas relações com o sexo biológico e a idade à morte. Os resultados da investigação indicaram uma frequência significativa quanto à prevalência no total de indivíduos analisados, de 60,9%. Na prevalência por sexo (61,7% mulheres e 59,6% homens) não ocorreram diferenças significativas. Houve uma diferença significativa no grupo de indivíduos com idade entre 81 a 90 anos. A maioria das lesões foram classificadas de grau severo, localizadas com maior frequência no centro dos corpos vertebrais, avultadamente nas superfícies superiores das regiões lombares e superfícies inferiores da região torácica. As vértebras mais afetadas foram a L1 (3%) seguida de perto pela L2 (2,9%) e igualmente pela T11 (2,8%) e pela T12 (2,8%). A presença de nódulos de Schmorl nesses indivíduos indicam ser devido ao envelhecimento e processo evolutivo, isso devido ao fato de que os indivíduos observados tem idades avançadas e pela alta frequência nessa amostra, mas o que é difícil de se afirmar somente com material esquelético, pois podem ter surgido quando ainda jovens devido a vários fatores. E também devido a fatores evolutivos da postura bípede, sendo a principal causa a postura ereta do homem atual, uma vez que essa está associada ao surgimento dos nódulos de Schmorl na coluna vertebral. Forensic anthropology is the science that is concerned, among other things, with establishing the identification of a person in medico-legal contexts. Since identification is the priority, it is based on scientific methods. Bone changes and some diseases make it possible to provide information about a person. Schmorl's nodes are frequently found in skeletal remains from archaeological and forensic contexts. These nodules are identified by means of a depression along the surface of the vertebral body and most frequently affect the lower chest and lumbar region, being common in living and past populations. The main objective of this study was to analyze and distinguish occurrences of Schmorl’s nodes in the spine, in addition to investigating the possibility of using them as individualizing characteristics. Thus, we try to identify its potential as an identification factor in Forensic Anthropology, investigating the frequency in 128 adult individuals (81 women and 47 men) belonging to the Collection of Identified Skeletons Century XXI (CEI/XXI), of the University of Coimbra. The individuals in the sample were aged between 61 and 99 years old (mean age = 81 years). Schmorl's nodules were examined using the methods of Knüsel et al. (1997) and Jiménez-Brobeil et al. (2010), according to its severety and distribution, by segment in the spine and analyzed its relationships with biological sex and age at death. The investigation results indicated a significant frequency regarding the prevalence in the total of analyzed individuals, of 60,9%. In the prevalence by sex (61,7% women and 59,6% men) there were no significant differences. There was a significant difference in the group of individuals aged between 81and 90 years. Most injuries were classified as severe, located most often in the center of the vertebral bodies, especially on the upper surfaces of the lumbar regions and lower surfaces of the thoracic region. The vertebrae most affected were L1 (3%), followed closely by L2 (2,9%) and equally by T11 (2,8%) and T12 (2,8%). The presence of Schmorl`s nodules in these individuals indicates that it is due to aging and the evolutionary process, due to the fact that the individuals observed are of advanced age and due to the high frequency in this sample, but which is difficult to say only with skeletal material, because may have emerged when they were still young due to various factors. And also due to evolutionary factores of the bipedal posture, the main cause being the erect posture of the current man, since this is associated with the emergence of Schmorl’s nodes in the spine.

Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti medijske navike i načine korištenja pametnih mobilnih uređaja, utvrditi obrasce individualne medijske prehrane i grupirati ih prema vremenskoj, sadržajnoj i generacijskoj komponenti. Istraživanje individualne medijske prehrane poduzeto je upravo zbog manjka dosadašnjih istraživanja na tu temu. Prethodna istraživanja uglavnom su se bavila skupnim analizama podataka zanemarujući individualne razlike u korištenju pametnih mobilnih uređaja i medijskih sadržaja. Da bi se detektirale medijske navike i obrasci individualnog korištenja medija, odabrana je metoda online ankete, a istraživanje je provedeno na prigodnom uzorku od 200 ispitanika s područja Republike Hrvatske. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su dominaciju korištenja pametnih mobilnih uređaja naspram ostalih uređaja. Najviše ispitanika istaknulo je da pametni mobilni uređaj koristi za fotografiranje, dopisivanje i komunikaciju s bliskim osobama, pretraživanje interneta, praćenje vijesti i slušanje glazbe. Prepoznati su i trendovi podijeljene pažnje i medijskog multitaskinga, a istraživanjem je utvrđeno i da ispitanici medije koriste na individualan način prema komponentama vremena, sadržaja i generacije. Pripadnici iste generacije različiti su korisnici pametnih mobilnih uređaja pa su tako detektirani Soft, Medium, Power, Heavy i Excessive korisnici. Spomenuti korisnici također koriste društvene mreže, platforme za dopisivanje i ostale aktivnosti na različit način., The aim of this paper is to investigate media habits and ways of using smartphones, determine patterns of individual media consumption, and classify them according to time, content, and generation. The research on individual media consumption was chosen precisely because of a lack of existing research on this topic. Previous research has mainly dealt with collective data analysis, ignoring individual differences in the use of smartphones and media content. An online survey was chosen as the method for examining media habits and patterns of individual media use. The survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 200 respondents from the Republic of Croatia. The results indicate a predominance in the use of smart mobile devices compared to other devices. The majority of respondents reported that they use a smart mobile device to take photos, message and communicate with loved ones, search the Internet, follow the news, and listen to music. The trends of divided attention and media multitasking were identified in the research, too, as well as the fact that the respondents’ pattern of media use is individual and differs based on time, content, and generation. Among the members of the same generation, different groups of users were observed: Soft, Medium, Power, Heavy, and Excessive. The mentioned groups of users use social networks, messaging platforms, and other activities in a different and individual manner, too.

Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti medijske navike i načine korištenja pametnih mobilnih uređaja, utvrditi obrasce individualne medijske prehrane i grupirati ih prema vremenskoj, sadržajnoj i generacijskoj komponenti. Istraživanje individualne medijske prehrane poduzeto je upravo zbog manjka dosadašnjih istraživanja na tu temu. Prethodna istraživanja uglavnom su se bavila skupnim analizama podataka zanemarujući individualne razlike u korištenju pametnih mobilnih uređaja i medijskih sadržaja. Da bi se detektirale medijske navike i obrasci individualnog korištenja medija, odabrana je metoda online ankete, a istraživanje je provedeno na prigodnom uzorku od 200 ispitanika s područja Republike Hrvatske. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su dominaciju korištenja pametnih mobilnih uređaja naspram ostalih uređaja. Najviše ispitanika istaknulo je da pametni mobilni uređaj koristi za fotografiranje, dopisivanje i komunikaciju s bliskim osobama, pretraživanje interneta, praćenje vijesti i slušanje glazbe. Prepoznati su i trendovi podijeljene pažnje i medijskog multitaskinga, a istraživanjem je utvrđeno i da ispitanici medije koriste na individualan način prema komponentama vremena, sadržaja i generacije. Pripadnici iste generacije različiti su korisnici pametnih mobilnih uređaja pa su tako detektirani Soft, Medium, Power, Heavy i Excessive korisnici. Spomenuti korisnici također koriste društvene mreže, platforme za dopisivanje i ostale aktivnosti na različit način. The aim of this paper is to investigate media habits and ways of using smartphones, determine patterns of individual media consumption, and classify them according to time, content, and generation. The research on individual media consumption was chosen precisely because of a lack of existing research on this topic. Previous research has mainly dealt with collective data analysis, ignoring individual differences in the use of smartphones and media content. An online survey was chosen as the method for examining media habits and patterns of individual media use. The survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 200 respondents from the Republic of Croatia. The results indicate a predominance in the use of smart mobile devices compared to other devices. The majority of respondents reported that they use a smart mobile device to take photos, message and communicate with loved ones, search the Internet, follow the news, and listen to music. The trends of divided attention and media multitasking were identified in the research, too, as well as the fact that the respondents’ pattern of media use is individual and differs based on time, content, and generation. Among the members of the same generation, different groups of users were observed: Soft, Medium, Power, Heavy, and Excessive. The mentioned groups of users use social networks, messaging platforms, and other activities in a different and individual manner, too.

The growing influence of neo-liberalism in crime policy and practice has resulted in the responsibilization of individuals: criminality and risk tend now to be seen as operating at the individual level, rather than the structural level. Individuals are solely responsible for their actions, not only in starting offending but also in stopping, and are to blame for their own predicament (an epistemological fallacy). Herein, we argue that structural barriers to rehabilitation and reintegration were erected by political decision making from the 1980s. This resulted in criminal justice practitioners increasingly focussing on individual-level factors (cognition, agency, employability) and neglecting the structural causes of offending. We thus propose that the state take a more proactive stance in reducing reoffending and fostering opportunities for reintegration through broader social welfarism, rather than penal policies.

The purpose of the study presented in the article is a theoretical analysis of socio-political and civic activity of young people in the context of processes of individualization and massification as contradictory but interdependent trends in the development of modern society. The relevance of the study is supported by the need for scientific understanding of conditions under which the formation of social and political subjectivity of young people and their choice of these types of activity take place. We presented data of the theoretical analysis of the “social activity” concept with a particular focus on its psychological structure, namely on the cognitive, emotional, motivational, reflexive, volitional and behavioral (activity) components. We substantively described determinants of the socio-political and civic activity of young people, to which we attributed internal psychological (consciousness and self-awareness of the individual, interests and motivation) and external socio-political factors (internal and external political, socio-cultural, informational and communicative context of life). It is shown that the study of modern young people’s activity presupposes inclusion of the subject field of the parameters of personal and social responsibility and the conscious choice of an individual between passionarity and desubjectivity into the scientific analysis. The applied aspect of the problem under study can be used as a tool for development of socially active young people who are focused on constructive interaction with the state, business, and society as a whole.

Spatial audio has attracted more and more attention in the fields of virtual reality (VR), blind navigation and so on. The individualized head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) play an important role in generating spatial audio with accurate localization perception. Existing methods only focus on one database, and do not fully utilize the information from multiple databases. In light of this, a pre-trained-based individualization model is proposed to predict HRTFs for any target user in this paper, and a real-time spatial audio rendering system built on a wearable device is implemented to produce an immersive virtual auditory display. The proposed method first builds a pre-trained model based on multiple databases using a DNN-based model combined with an autoencoder-based dimensional reduction method. This model can capture the nonlinear relationship between user-independent HRTFs and position-dependent features. Then, fine tuning is done using a transfer learning technique at a limit number of layers based on the pre-trained model. The key idea behind fine tuning is to transfer the pre-trained user-independent model to the user-dependent one based on anthropometric features. Finally, real-time issues are discussed to guarantee a fluent auditory experience during dynamic scene update, including fine-grained head-related impulse response (HRIR) acquisition, efficient spatial audio reproduction, and parallel synthesis and playback. These techniques ensure that the system is implemented with little computational cost, thus minimizing processing delay. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms other methods in terms of subjective and objective metrics. Additionally, our rendering system runs on HTC Vive, with almost unnoticeable delay.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of stress coping styles in the relationship between separation individualization and sexual self-schema. Methods: Relational screening model was used in the study. In the selection of the sample group of the study, the convenience sampling method, which is one of the non-random sampling methods, was preferred. The study group of the research consists of 246 (61%) females, 157 (39.0%) males. In this study, Demographic Information Form, Separation Individuation Scale, Sexual Self Schema Scale, and Coping with Stress Scale was used. Results: According to the results, problem-focused coping styles play a partial mediator role in the relationship between separation individuation and loving/compassionate sexual self-schema in coping with stress, and there is a relationship between separation individuation and problem-focused coping styles. Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between separation, individuation and loving/compassionate sexual self and self-confident, optimistic approach, seeking social support. Predicts the compassionate sexual self-schema; It was determined that coping styles were a partial mediating variable in the relationship between relational problems and the loving/compassionate sexual self-schema.

The subject of work is trademarks that contradict the principles of humanity and morality as a phenomenon: their existence in the commercial environment, the attitude towards them in legislation and society, a typical characteristic. The relevance of the study is due to the dual position of such names: on the one hand, the characteristic “contradiction to public interests, principles of humanity and morality” serves as a good reason for refusing state registration of a mark, on the other hand, such names are found in many not only in the commercial environment, but also in the legal field. The purpose of the study is to characterize the degree of prevalence of such designations, as well as to assess the attitude of native speakers of the Russian language to such nominations (aesthetic and commercial attractiveness). The main research method is an experiment (survey). According to the results of experiment, it is proved that designations with a pronounced “indecent” meaning are the least aesthetically and commercially attractive for the majority of potential buyers of goods/services. The conclusion is made about the relativity of the norms of domestic legislation in the field of registration and functioning of means of individualization of enterprises, goods and services: due to the lack of clear criteria for “contradiction to the principles of humanity and morality”, registration may be denied to designations harmless from the point of view of buyers, and the designation in which the majority of native speakers reads an immoral message receives state registration.

The article defines the transformational processes that are observed in education and in the activities of educational organizations in the post-teen period. The role of distance and digital technologies in the field of educational services during the period of integration of educational organizations to improve the status and level of received and acquired competencies is outlined. It is determined that modern models of society development stimulate the transition to a new comprehensive method of customization of students of higher educational institutions, and the customization of training is considered as a basic strategy for the development of education, focusing on both the employer and the student. The author's development of a model of organization of customization as a tool for individualization of learning is presented, which, unlike existing ones, includes technologies based on intelligent analysis of learning models: adaptive tests; course modeling (maximum fragmentation into modules to accurately identify gaps in knowledge); student's independent choice of the learning trajectory; additional modules for elite training (research and project activities); based on the collection of data from employers: training seminars for practicing practical skills (with the involvement of specialists); simulation training methods (business games, game design); highly specialized professional cases, the fundamental use of which will allow the integration process in the educational environment to be carried out as efficiently as possible. Examples of the wide application of EdTech technological educational projects are presented and their specific features of use in the field of education are determined.

The purpose of this study was to improve students' problem-solving abilities using the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) model in students grade IV of Bekasi Jaya II State Elementary School. This study was carried out because of the students' low problem-solving ability in Mathematics.This study employed the Classroom Action Research approach, which was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle has four stages, namely, planning, implementation, assessment, and reflection stage. About 27 students from grade IV has participated in this study. Data collection was carried out through written tests and observation sheets. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis. The criterion for success in this study is if 80% of students achieve a minimum score of 75.Based on the results, the students' problem-solving ability in cycle I with classical completeness was 59%, and got an average score of 72. In cycle II with 89% classical completeness, and the mean score of students' problem-solving abilities increased to 88. Thus, it can be concluded that the Team Assisted Individualization model can improve the conceptual understanding of grade IV students of Bekasi Jaya II State Elementary School.

The emergence of the Covid-19 virus in Indonesia has caused in the learning process in schools to be changed into learning at home. The learning process is conducted by distance learning that makes use of technological developments. This study aims to determine the effect of the team assisted individualization (TAI) learning model by blended learning using Schoology on student learning results. This study uses a quantitative approach with a method of quasi-experimental design. Class X of Multimedia students in SMK Negeri 6 Surakarta were selected as the research sample. The experimental group was given a blended learning model using Schoology and team assisted individualization (TAI), and the control class was given a blended learning model using Schoology. The collected data in the form of learning test outcomes were used to find out the student cognitive ability, and observations were used to define the affective and psychomotor ability. The hypothesis t-test used independent-sample assessment with a 0.05 error level, showing the posttest learning results for both classes with a score of 0.002

Model-informed precision dosing is being increasingly used to improve therapeutic drug monitoring. To meet this need, several tools have been developed, but open-source software remains uncommon. Posologyr is a free and open-source R package developed to enable Bayesian individual parameter estimation and dose individualization. Before using it for clinical practice, performance validation is mandatory. The estimation functions implemented in posologyr were benchmarked against reference software products on a wide variety of models and pharmacokinetic profiles: 35 population pharmacokinetic models, with 4.000 simulated subjects by model. Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimates were compared to NONMEM post hoc estimates, and full posterior distributions were compared to Monolix conditional distribution estimates. The performance of MAP estimation was excellent in 98.7% of the cases. Considering the full posterior distributions of individual parameters, the bias on dosage adjustment proposals was acceptable in 97% of cases with a median bias of 0.65%. These results confirmed the ability of posologyr to serve as a basis for the development of future Bayesian dose individualization tools.

Učenje je temeljni proces svakog pojedinca. Započinje spontano od najranije dobi te se nastavlja kroz cijeli život u školi, ali i van škole. Danas se koriste različiti načini učenja i poučavanja, kao i različite strategije učenja koje učenicima pomažu da nastavno gradivo usvoje na što jednostavniji i kvalitetniji način. Sve više se naglasak tokom nastavnog procesa stavlja na individualizaciju učenja te se ističu razlike između učenika kako bi se svakome moglo pomoći da postigne najbolje moguće rezultate. Uz individualizaciju nastavnog procesa u školi, sve se više iskazuje važnost suradnje škola i ostalih ustanova poput muzeja i knjižnica koje na različite načine mogu pomoći učenicima pri individualizaciji nastave. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati analize polustrukturiranih intervjua učiteljica osnovnih škola te muzejskih kustosa koji odgovaraju na pitanja o načinima individualizacije nastave, najprimjerenijim kurikulumskim sadržajima te prednostima i teškoćama takvog oblika suradnje. Learning is the fundamental process of every individual. It begins spontaneously from an early age and continues throughout life in school and outside of school. Today, different ways of learning and teaching are used, as well as different learning strategies that help students learn the teaching material in a simpler and better way. During the teaching process, more and more emphasis is placed on the individualization of learning and the differences between students are emphasized so that everyone can be helped to achieve the best possible results. Along with the individualization of the teaching process at school, the importance of cooperation between schools and other institutions such as museums and libraries, which can help students in different ways to individualize teaching, is increasingly being expressed. This paper presents the results of the analysis of semi-structured interviews of elementary school teachers and museum curators who answer questions about ways to individualize teaching, the most appropriate curriculum content, and the advantages and difficulties of this form of cooperation.

(in English): The diploma thesis entitled "Individualization approaches in kindergarten" deals with the individualized education of preschool children in kindergartens. The thesis deals with the study of ways of individualization approaches through observation, analysis of documents and structured interviews with teachers of a selected kindergarten. The theoretical part of the case study defines the basic concepts related to the concept of individualization and provides a broader view of individualization and its possible strategies in the kindergarten environment. The aim is to find out and describe what ways of individualization principles are used and how they are implemented in a regular kindergarten. The work focuses on the different approaches that the teacher looks for concerning respecting each child's the individual needs, abilities and interests. It focuses on the conditions that need to be created for this form of education. The first part of the work introduces the basic concepts, brings a theoretical outline of concepts that affect individualized education and are related to the ways of individualized work. It is based on available resources containing forms of individualized education. The thesis describes pedagogical diagnostics, working with portfolios, children's self-evaluation,...

Developing an effective strategy for the scientific and technological development of the national economy is a difficult task, especially for the Russian Federation that is known for its interregional distortions. Therefore, the innovation path of each industrial region should be individualized, the territorial predisposition to the development should be taken into account and technological solutions should be launched, which will make it possible to form effective mechanisms of institutional support for the innovation activity of specific territories. The scientific hypothesis of the study is that the hereditary determinants of the industrial region determine the individual features of the strategy of scientific and technological development. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to the individualization of regional strategies for the scientific and technological development of the industrial economy, taking into account hereditary determinants responsible for the innovative predisposition of the territories. To achieve the goal, the theoretical and methodological features of the individualization of strategies related to the target guideline were clarified, including targeted programs that take into account the historically established features of the territories; stages, and the strategy for the development of the national economy was added to the general scheme. The methodological basis of the author’s strategic individualization is the Markov chain construction toolkit, which allows one to determine the innovative differentiation of regions on the basis of the identification of mutations in production, social and institutional determinants. The testing of the tools made it possible to establish that industrial regions have a hereditary predisposition to scientific and technological development. The strategies of the regions of the North-Western Federal District, the Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District should stimulate accelerated innovation, and the regions of the Southern Federal District, the Siberian Federal District and the Central Federal District to ensure smooth innovation of the industrial economy. The article also defines the place of the process of individualization of regional strategies in the general concept of achieving basic priorities for the scientific and technological development of the national economy, which ensures the formation of a new innovation policy of the country. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of an evolutionary-genetic approach to the development of strategies for the scientific and technological development of industrial regions, expanding the understanding of their individualization in the context of accounting for hereditary determinants responsible for the innovative predisposition of territories. The applied significance of the scientific results of the study consists in expanding the assessment mechanisms used by state and regional authorities in the development of strategic documents of scientific and technological development and their improvement. Разработка эффективной стратегии научно-технологического развития национальной экономики является сложной задачей, особенно для Российской Федерации, известной своими межрегиональными перекосами в уровне социально-экономического развития. Поэтому инновационный путь каждого индустриального региона должен быть индивидуализирован, т. е. учитывать территориальную предрасположенность к разработке и запуску технологических решений, что позволит формировать действенные механизмы институциональной поддержки инновационной активности конкретных территорий. Научная гипотеза исследования заключается в том, что наследственные детерминанты индустриального региона обусловливают индивидуальные особенности стратегии научно-технологического развития. Целью исследования служит разработка методического подхода к индивидуализации региональных стратегий научно-технологического развития индустриальной экономики, учитывающей наследственные детерминанты, отвечающие за инновационную предрасположенность территорий. Для достижения цели уточнены теоретико-методологические особенности индивидуализации стратегий, касающиеся целевого ориентира; адресных программ; учета исторически заложенной специфики территорий; этапов и включенности в общую схему стратегирования развития национальной экономики. Методическую основу авторской стратегической индивидуализации составляет инструментарий построения цепей Маркова, позволяющий выявлять мутации производственных, социальных и институциональных детерминант и определять инновационную дифференциацию регионов. Апробация инструментария позволила установить, что индустриальные регионы имеют наследственную предрасположенность к научно-технологическому развитию, при этом стратегии регионов Северо-Западного федерального округа, Приволжского федерального округа и Уральского федерального округа должны быть ориентированы на ускорение инноватизации, а регионов Южного федерального округа, Сибирского федерального округа и Центрального федерального округа обеспечивать плавную инноватизацию индустриальной экономики. Теоретическая значимость исследования заключается в развитии эволюционно-генетического подхода к разработке стратегий научно-технологического развития индустриальных регионов, расширяющего понимание их индивидуализации в контексте учета наследственных детерминант, отвечающих за инновационную предрасположенность территорий. Прикладная значимость полученных научных результатов исследования заключается в расширении подходов и инструментов, применяемых органами государственной и региональной власти при разработке стратегических документов научно-технологического развития и их совершенствовании. Разработка эффективной стратегии научно-технологического развития национальной экономики является сложной задачей, особенно для Российской Федерации, известной своими межрегиональными перекосами в уровне социально-экономического развития. Поэтому инновационный путь каждого индустриального региона должен быть индивидуализирован, т. е. учитывать территориальную предрасположенность к разработке и запуску технологических решений, что позволит формировать действенные механизмы институциональной поддержки инновационной активности конкретных территорий. Научная гипотеза исследования заключается в том, что наследственные детерминанты индустриального региона обусловливают индивидуальные особенности стратегии научно-технологического развития. Целью исследования служит разработка методического подхода к индивидуализации региональных стратегий научно-технологического развития индустриальной экономики, учитывающей наследственные детерминанты, отвечающие за инновационную предрасположенность территорий. Для достижения цели уточнены теоретико-методологические особенности индивидуализации стратегий, касающиеся целевого ориентира; адресных программ; учета исторически заложенной специфики территорий; этапов и включенности в общую схему стратегирования развития национальной экономики. Методическую основу авторской стратегической индивидуализации составляет инструментарий построения цепей Маркова, позволяющий выявлять мутации производственных, социальных и институциональных детерминант и определять инновационную дифференциацию регионов. Апробация инструментария позволила установить, что индустриальные регионы имеют наследственную предрасположенность к научно-технологическому развитию, при этом стратегии регионов Северо-Западного федерального округа, Приволжского федерального округа и Уральского федерального округа должны быть ориентированы на ускорение инноватизации, а регионов Южного федерального округа, Сибирского федерального округа и Центрального федерального округа обеспечивать плавную инноватизацию индустриальной экономики. Теоретическая значимость исследования заключается в развитии эволюционно-генетического подхода к разработке стратегий научно-технологического развития индустриальных регионов, расширяющего понимание их индивидуализации в контексте учета наследственных детерминант, отвечающих за инновационную предрасположенность территорий. Прикладная значимость полученных научных результатов исследования заключается в расширении подходов и инструментов, применяемых органами государственной и региональной власти при разработке стратегических документов научно-технологического развития и их совершенствовании. The article was prepared with the financial support of the International Scientific Fund for Economic Research Academician N. P. Fedorenko. Draft No. 2020–129. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке Международного научного фонда экономических исследований академика Н. П. Федоренко. Проект № 2020–129.

The aim of this article is to show how young people in Italy deal with the structural injunction to become individuals. While there is a substantial number of works on how institutions converge in promoting individualization and an ‘entrepreneurial self’, in this article we investigate how young people give shape and meaning to social relations in the framework of the injunction to become autonomous entrepreneurs of themselves. The research presented here was conducted in Milan, from 2017 to 2019. We carried out 40 in-depth interviews with young people in order to explore (1) how individualization as a structural historical process becomes an ongoing accomplishment, a part of the ‘common sense’ that people use to interpret their everyday experience; and (2) the extent to which individualization and individualism intertwine and conflict with each other.

In a context of a new transnational division of labour, temporary international labour mobility is on the rise in Europe. In particular, recent decades have seen considerably more women seeking work experience abroad. Observers have been concerned with how such mobility is related to individualization, and in particular how it may challenge collective institutions, communities and families. The aim of this study is to explore such issues among women and men with international work experience. Using data from European Social Survey, the paper investigates previously mobile workers in terms of their current working and living conditions. Across genders, we consider different forms of individualization that may be associated with transnational labour mobility. While both women and men with transnational work experience generally feature strong strategic individualization, this is most pronounced among men. Hence, men's mobility is among other things associated with increased autonomy in working life, while–in contrast to women–it does not seem to hamper their integration in the sphere of social reproduction. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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The paper studied the theoretical foundations of individualization in teaching foreign language; analyzed the age and psychological characteristics of the development of secondary school students; considered the concept of "temperament" as the main property of personality and analyzed ways to implement individualization of education based on the temperament of students; a model of foreign language teaching individualization in secondary school based on the temperament of students was developed, its effectiveness was tested during the experimental work and recommendations for its use were suggested. There were three stages of the experimental work. At the ascertaining stage, diagnostics of students' academic performance and motivation was carried out, as well as psychological diagnostics of students' temperament using the method of visual psychodiagnostics and questionnaires. At the formative stage, the individualization of education model based on the temperament was developed and tested. At the generalizing stage, the final diagnostics of students' motivation and academic performance was carried out, methodological recommendations on the use of the developed model were given. According to the results of the experiment, the effectiveness of the model was proved: the motivation and academic performance of students increased, as well as the initiative of students in the classroom. The model can be used in the practice of teaching a foreign language in secondary school.

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu hasil belajar siswa kelas V SDN 001 Ranteliang Kabupaten Mamasabelum mencapai SKBM. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran koopereatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan proses matematika siswa kelas V SDN 001 Ranteliang Kabupaten Mamasa dan apakah penerapan model pembelajaran pembelajaran koopereatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SDN 001 Ranteliang Kabupaten Mamasa. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran koopereatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan proses matematika siswa kelas V SDN 001 Ranteliang Kabupaten Mamasa dan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran koopereatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SDN 001 Ranteliang Kabupaten Mamasa. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualtitatif. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek Penelitian yaitu guru dan siswa yang berjumlah 12 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan reduksi data, display data (penyajian data), dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pelaksanaan tindakan penelitian ini dilakukan 2 siklus diawali dengan kegiatan pra tindakan, kemudian pada setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus 1 hasil observasi aktivitas guru dengan kategori cukup ( C) dan observasi aktivitas siswa dengan kategori ( C) dengan hasil tes belajar dengan kategori ( C). Sedangkan pada siklus mengalami peningkatan yang menunjukkan hasil observasi aktivitas guru dengan kategori(B) dan observasi aktivitas siswa dengan kategori ( B) dengan hasil tes belajar dengan kategori ( B). Simpilan peneltian ini adalah penerapan model pembelajaran koopereatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SDN 001 Ranteliang Kabupaten Mamasa.

Salah satu dampak dari transisi pembelajaran daring ke luring pasca pandemi COVID-19 mengakibatkan siswa cenderung kurang percaya diri dan timbul sikap individualistik. Adanya permasalahan tersebut mendorong penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kompetensi pengetahuan IPA dalam model pembelajaran Team Assisted Individualization berbantuan media Crossword Puzzle pada siswa sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitan eksperimen semu (quasi eksperimen) dengan rancangan non-equivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian ini 429 siswa, penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah instrumen berupa tes. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Pengujian hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistik inferensial teknik uji-t polled varians. Hasil analisis data diperoleh THitung sebesar 4,945 dan nilai Ttabel sebesar 2,000 pada taraf signifikan 5%. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari kompetensi pengetahuan IPA antara siswa yang diberi perlakuan dengan siswa yang tidak diberikan perlakuan. Dapat disimpulkan model pembelajaran Team Asissted Individualization berbantuan media Crossword Puzzle berdampak positif yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pengatahuan IPA pada siswa sekolah dasar. Kedepannya perlu dikembangkan secara berkelanjutan model pembelajaran yang inovatif dan sesuai dengan situasi dan karakteristik peserta didik terhadap peningkatan kompetensi pengetahuan IPA pada siswa sekolah dasar.

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu hasil belajar siswa kelas V UPTD SD Negeri 26 Parepare belum mencapai SKBM. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan proses belajar matematika siswa kelas V UPTD SD Negeri 26 Parepare dan apakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V UPTD SD Negeri 26 Parepare. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan proses belajar matematika siswa kelas V UPTD SD Negeri 26 Parepare dan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V UPTD SD Negeri 26 Parepare. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek Penelitian yaitu guru dan siswa yang berjumlah 20 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, display data (penyajian data), dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pelaksanaan tindakan penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus diawali dengan kegiatan pra tindakan, kemudian pada setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa pada siklus I hasil observasi aktivitas guru dengan kategori baik (B) dan observasi aktivitas siswa dengan kategori cukup (C) dengan hasil tes belajar dengan kategori cukup (C). Sedangkan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan yang menunjukkan hasil observasi aktivitas guru dengan kategori baik (B) dan observasi aktivitas siswa meningkat dengan kategori baik (B) dengan hasil tes belajar mengalami peningkatan dengan kategori baik (B). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization dapat meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V UPTD SD Negeri 26 Parepare

The paper examines the concept and essence of punishment individualization as a principle of proceedings in cases of administrative offenses. This principle is implemented by consolidating in the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses of the ordinary rules for imposing administrative punishment applicable to any administrative offense, and special rules applied to individual administrative offenses and those who committed them. On the basis of a systematic analysis of ordinary and special rules of sentencing, law upholders use such methods of individualization as determining the rules for punishment imposition within the limits of the sanction provided for under the relevant article of the Special Part of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and under the laws of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses or the possibility of imposing administrative punishment, the type or size of which is not provided for by sanctions of the relevant provisions. The paper explains the system and content of the criteria of individualization taken into account for the imposition of administrative punishment and the practice of their application. The author considers safeguards for implementation of the principle of individualization of punishment.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) terhadap keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lunang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain True Experimental Design dalam bentuk posttest-only control design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIA1 dan XI MIA 2 yang masing-masing berjumlah 29 orang. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah skor hasil kerja siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lunang dalam menulis teks eksplanasi tanpa dan dengan menggunakan model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI). Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lunang tanpa menggunakan model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) memperoleh nilai rata-rata 57,66 dengan kualifikasi Cukup (C) pada rentangan 56-67% pada skala 10. Kedua, keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lunang dengan menggunakan Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) memperoleh nilai rata-rata 61,68 dengan kualifikasi Cukup (C) pada rentangan 56-67% pada skala 10. Ketiga, terdapat efektivitas penggunaan model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) terhadap keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lunang karena thitung>ttabel yaitu 2,59>1,67. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) dapat mempengaruhi siswa dalam menulis teks eksplanasi.