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Occupational safety is generally known to be low in forestry work. A similar situation may be found in Southeast Asian countries, where health and safety aspects are not commonly taken care of so rigorously. However, there is also a lack of primary data which could be suitable for evaluating such issues. The auditing reports of FCS certification are a source of useful information to evaluate and analyze health and safety concerns in forestry work. This paper addressed the coverage of available information, classified the risk factors uniformly from different certifying body criteria, compared occurrence of risk factors in groups and checked for dependencies in data. The key findings are that the main issues were those related to the organizations’ failures to protect the workers and to the lack of awareness of safety. In turn, these may explain the high incidence of forestry-related work accidents in Southeast Asia.

BackgroundSchool urinary screening has been performed in Japan.MethodsIkeda City and Toyono Town introduced, in 2012 and 2013, urinary protein/creatinine (Cr) ratio measurement into the urine-screening protocols designed for students aged between 4 and 15 years. For each student whose urinary protein/Cr ratio was ≥ 0.15 g/gCr (positive case), an appointment was made with a specialist at Ikeda City Hospital. The results of these screening urinalyses conducted through 2018 are summarized.Results14,606 junior high and elementary school students aged between 6 and 15 years were included. On average, they underwent 4.16 screening tests. 77 positive cases were detected, and seven students were diagnosed with high-risk chronic kidney disease (CKD). Of these, four underwent renal biopsy, and two, one, and one were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy, MPGN, and FSGS, respectively. In three students, detection of CKD would have been difficult without urinary screening. Incident rates of high-risk CKD and IgA nephropathy are estimated as 11.5 and 3.3 cases/100,000 students/year. 78.0% of positive cases without high-risk CKD showed no urinary abnormality after one year. 2301 kindergarten students aged between 4 and 6 years received an average of 1.74 screening urinalyses; none was positive or high-risk CKD. The estimated cost of detecting one high-risk CKD student whose detection would have been difficult without this screening was 3,156,711 Japanese yen.ConclusionSchool urinary screening using the urinary protein/Cr ratio can efficiently refer to a specialist. It detects a few children with high-risk CKD early with spending high cost.

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus which spreads more widely and the morbidity rate increases every year in East Java Province. DHF transmitting vector is widespread in residential areas and in public places, population density, population mobility, increasing urbanization. Purpose: This study aims to describe the number of cases, Incidence Rate (IR), Case Fatality Rate (CFR), and the peak incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in East Java Province in 2015-2017. Method: This study is a descriptive approach study with a population that is all East Java residents who are at risk of suffering from dengue. This study uses a total population technique that involves all DHF cases recorded in the East Java Provincial Health Profile for 2015-2017. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Health Profile of East Java Province in 2015-2017, namely the number of DHF cases, gender, morbidity and mortality rates due to DHF. Data were analyzed using the Incidence Rate (IR) and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) formulas. Results: The number of dengue cases in East Java in 2015 to 2017 fluctuated. DHF morbidity rates have increased in 2016 while 2017 has decreased. The mortality rate in East Java in 2015-2017 has decreased. DHF events often occur in male sex. Conclusion: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a vector-borne disease with rapid spread. The occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever every year there is an increase in cases and deaths of almost all regencies / cities in East Java.

Within the same country, Spain, with the same cultural aspects and containment policies (without lockdown), why in the initial moment of the COVID-19 first wave, given a significant number of infections, the disease prospered more intensely in some areas than in others? The hypothesis is that the meteorological factors, that is, the utbreak weather conditions are relevant factors which could be used as early indicators of the COVID-19 first wave severity and transmission intensity. This paper presents a model that allows predicting COVID-19 first wave severity and transmission intensity in Spain based on early weather information

One of the praxeological problems of safe and sustainable air transport (airfreight transport/air cargo, and air passenger transport) is the prevention and management of risks by competent staff, with the support of modern information and communication technologies. This paper presents an educational information model and software for the airport network and information systems risk assessment, primarily intended for aviation education and training of professionals for ensuring safe and sustainable air transport. The solution to the problem is based on the application of the fuzzy logic method in the air transport environment. Based on a fuzzy expert model, the selected scenario, and the input data established separately for airport assets by a group of 23 experts from aviation practice and a university, the following three assessments of airport network information system assets were constructed: Asset A2 (meteorological information systems) has an insignificant risk with an estimated 0.1162, and assets A1 (air traffic control and management (ATM), navigational aids and approach) and A3 (runway monitoring system) received a low risk of airport network and information systems (NIS) security with ratings of 0.2623 and 0.2915, respectively. An airport NIS risk assessment was aggregated (0.2288), indicating a low degree of security risk to the airport&rsquo, s network and information systems. The aggregated risk assessment of airport NIS, including financial loss data, was calculated as 0.1438, representing a low degree of security risk to the airport&rsquo, s network and information systems. Scenarios for evaluating airport assets are changing for students during education. The results of the developed model and its software will be part of the Simulation Center of the Faculty of Aeronautics.

Introduction and objectives With such a huge country as Saudi Arabia, it would be expected to have variations in the pattern and incidence of breast diseases. This study aims to determine the recent trends in breast cancer incidence rates by age and tumor characteristics among female patients treated in the Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region (AFHSR) from the period of January 2010 to December 2017. Methods This study is a retrospective chart review where all breast biopsy reports of female patients were seen between January 2010 and December 2017 at the AFHSR, Saudi Arabia, to observe the pattern of breast cancer as well as to calculate the incidence rates by age and tumor characteristics among the study subjects. Results Overall, the incidence rates of breast cancer among female patients ranged between three to eight confirmed cases of breast cancer for every 1000 patients for the period of 2010 to 2017, where the highest incidence rate was reported in the year of 2017. Additionally, two distinct patterns are observed in breast cancer trends, i.e., the most common type of cancer was ductal carcinoma with an incidence percentage of 81.80%, followed by lobular carcinoma (3.40%). There was no statistical evidence that the associated population means of age are significantly different from the type of tumor characteristics. Conclusions In this study, the average age for diagnosed women with invasive breast cancer is about 56 years of age while in situ is 51 years. Among women of all age groups, ductal carcinoma is the most common. There is also an increase in the incidence of breast cancer between 2016 to 2017, where the highest incidence rate was reported in the year 2017. Continued vigilance, mammographic screening, and patient education are needed to establish an early diagnosis and perform the optimal treatment.

Background: Jombang District is an endemic area of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Purpose: The aim of this study was to spatially analyze various factors simultaneously (multivariate analysis) in relation to the incidence of DHF in Jombang District during the period 2014–2018. The factors studied were population density, larvae free index, rainfall, coverage of healthy homes, and healthy lifestyle coverage. Methods: The research was conducted as an observational study with an ecology research design. The data were secondary data from the Health Office and Statistic Central Bureau of Jombang District. The population consisted of 21 sub-districts in Jombang District in 2014–2018. The sample used the total population. The data analysis tool used in this study was GeoDa regression Moran's I software. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that there was a correlation between larvae free index (p = 0.04), healthy lifestyle coverage (p = 0.02), rainfall intensity (p = 0.20), population density (p = 0.07), and coverage of healthy houses (p = 0.22) with DHF incidence. According to Moran's I for spatial dependence (multivariate analysis), showed that there was a correlation between all the variables and DHF (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The variables of larvae free index and healthy lifestyle coverage related to the Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF cases. There was no correlation between IR and variable population density, rainfall, or coverage of healthy homes. Various spatial factors are simultaneously related to IR, even though only two variables are shown to be related to IR in the bivariate analysis.

In a cohort of 4,225 persons living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection (PLWH) enrolled at a southeastern US clinic, the overall rate of incident herpes zoster (HZ) was 101 per 10,000 person-years (PY) between January 1999 and 2017, which nearly quadruples the rate reported for the general US population. In the same cohort, the median age of HZ diagnosis was 39.5 years [interquartile range (IQR) 31.5–49.2] in African American (AA) and 39.1 years (IQR 34.9–45.2) in European American (EA) PLWH, with the highest incidence seen in PLWH who were over 50 years old (144 and 93 per 10,000 PY in AA and EA, respectively, P = 0.18), showing no bias between men (100 per 10,000 PY) and women (101 per 10,000 PY). In multivariable models that were applicable to 245 HZ cases and 3,713 controls, age, nadir CD4+ T-cell (CD4) count, plasma viral load (VL), and duration of combination antiretroviral therapy were independent correlates of incident HZ (adjusted P ≤ 0.006 for all). Regardless of other factors, viremic PLWH (VL > 50 copies/mL) was at the highest risk of HZ [adjusted odds ratio (OR) > 3.0, P

Traffic incidents are a major source of congestion and travel time uncertainty. Traditionally, extensive attention has been given to accidents in the view of safety when studying occurrence frequency. The regularity of incident frequency, however, deserves equal attention by practitioners and researchers, especially on urban expressways with dense ramps and high traffic volume. The objective of this study was to have a thorough exploration of environmental and traffic-related causative factors of incident rate on three urban expressways in central Shanghai City, including disability incidents and crash incidents. Incident data obtained by closed circuit television (CCTV) monitoring system were used, which contain large quantities of minor and short-duration incidents. The disaggregation of expressway sections and time intervals of this study was rare in its scope: disability frequency is analyzed on an hourly basis and segment-hour aggregation is applied for crash frequency. To account for temporal correlation among different time intervals, Generalized Estimation Equation procedure was used in this paper. In particular, the effects of traffic interaction features on incident occurrence were analyzed by considering segment length, merging and diverging volume. Results showed that temporal correlation of crash incident occurrence was larger than that of disability occurrence. There is a significant relationship of disability rate with rain and temperature, and there was more risk of vehicle disability in dense-traffic and low-speed condition. It also pointed out that the regularity of crash incident occurrence is quite different from that of accidents on highways or rural freeways: Environmental factors exert little impact on crash occurrence except from visibility; Short segment, high merging and diverging volume increased crash rate remarkably.

This paper deals with accidents in the period 1998 – 2008 reported during harvesting operations in ÖBf AG, Austria’s largest forest enterprise, with a focus on cable yarding. In total 1888 accidents were recorded with 8.7% of these associated with cable yarding activities. The overall accident rate amounted to 36 incidents per million cubic meter extracted by cable yarder. There was a clear spike in accidents between 2 and 3 pm. Most accidents occurred onWednesdays and Mondays (26 and 25%, respectively). The four months of March, June September and November accounted for 45% of all accidents. The majority of accidents (63.2%) were caused by broken spar and anchor trees, bouncing cables and falling objects. Frequently injured body parts were the extremities such as hand and feet (64%) and the head and neck area (15.2%). Contusions (37.8%) are the most common kind of injury followed by bone fractures (12.8%), sprain or strains (11.6%) and punctures or lacerations (10.4%). An average cable yarding accident required 17.9 days for recovery, compared to the 25.6 days for manual extraction and 29.7 days for extraction by means of a tractor or skidder. Accident severity varied among body parts: eye injuries resulted in three lost work days, while injured extremities required 20 days for recovery. During wood extraction, some stems with branches may be unhooked and fall down. In this case, the accidents caused are the most severe needing 27 days for recovery.

The sentinel surveillance of sexually transmitted disease (STD) has been started in 8 model prefectures in Japan since 1998. The response rate of the surveillance in Tokushima was 87.7% in 1999, and 86.6% in 2000. From the results of the sentinel surveillance, the incidence rate of total STD per 100,000 person・year in Tokushima was about 410 in 1999, and about 440 in 2000. Chlamydial infection was most frequent especially in younger women, and the incident rate per 100,000 person・year was about 2,500 in the age ranged from 20 to 24 years old. Then, it seems important that the education about STD to young people and their parents.

Because of differences in case-mix across states, state-level case-mix-adjusted end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incident rates are reported in each United States Renal Data System Annual Data Report to make the across-state comparisons valid. The adjusted rates were estimated by the direct adjustment method, a widely used method for adjusted event rate calculation, based on observed category-specific ESRD incident rates in each state (called the observation-based method). However, when some adjusting categories in a state are small, the adjusted rate and the standard error for this state as estimated by this method may be inaccurate. This report proposes a model-based method that can overcome the disadvantages of the observation-based method and can be extended to continuous adjusting variables. National ESRD incident data and national population data from 1990 to 1999 were used. State-level adjusted ESRD incident rates were estimated by both the observation- and the model-based methods. For the model-based method, a Poisson regression model was used to estimate category-specific ESRD incident rates. For large-population states, both observation- and model-based methods produced similar estimates for adjusted ESRD incident rates. For small-population states, however, the observation-based method produced year-to-year estimates of adjusted ESRD incident rates that varied considerably and also had very large standard errors. In contrast, the model-based method produced stable estimates. The model-based method can overcome the disadvantages of the observation-based method for estimating state-level adjusted ESRD incident rates, especially for small states.