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In these recent years, the world has witnessed a kind of social exclusion and the inability to communicate directly due to the Corona Virus Covid 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the consequent difficulty of communicating with patients with hospitals led to the need to use modern technology to solve and facilitate the problem of people communicating with each other. healthcare has made many remarkable developments through the Internet of things (IOT) and cloud computing to monitor real-time patients' data, which has enabled many patients' lives to be saved. this paper presents the design and implementation of a Private Backend Server Software based on an IoT health monitoring system concerned emergency medical services utilizing biosensors to detect multivital signs of an individual with an ESP32 microcontroller board and IoT cloud. The device displays the vital data, which is then uploaded to a cloud server for storage and analysis over an IoT network. Vital data is received from the cloud server and shown on the IoT medical client dashboard for remote monitoring. The proposed system allows users to ameliorate healthcare jeopardy and minify its costs by recording, gathering, sharing, and analyzing vast biodata streams such as Intensive Care Units (ICU) (i.e., temperature, heartbeat rate, Oxygen level (CO2), etc.), efficiently in real-time. In this proposal, the data will send from sensors fixed in the patient body to the Web and Mobile App continually in real time for collection and analysis.

Solid waste management (SWM) is an integral part of an environmental management system. This study focused on the production of urban solid waste, the amount of each part of solid waste, and the revenue from recyclable materials in Erbil City, Iraq's Kurdistan Region. The results show that the average generation rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) was around 1.338 kg/capita/day. Also, MSW usually contained combustibles (60%), non-combustibles (5%), and recyclable materials (35%). The average weight percentages of MSW components were: organic material (35%), plastic (27%), paper and corrugated cardboard (14%), metals (2%), glass (3%), yard trimmings and wood products (3%), and other types (16%). The study observed that large quantities of food waste were produced from a common source. Additionally, the expected income from the recyclable solid waste in the City of Erbil for plastic, metal, cartons, and papers was 175 $/ton, 235 $/ton, and 135 $/ton, respectively.

Objectives: This research paper aims at finding the association between maternal malnutrition with their choice of feeding practices (breast, bottle, or mix) of infants who are under 6 months of age. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken from 1st March 2019 to 31st August 2019 at the inpatient and outpatient of the pediatric department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. The data was collected on a predesigned proforma recording demographic characteristics of the responders and their feeding practices; exclusive breastfeeding or mixed (breast+ bottle) feeding. Additionally, maternal malnutrition was assessed by calculating their BMI. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 23. Chi-squared was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 278 mothers of infants 1-6 months were interviewed about their feeding practices and BMI recorded. The association between maternal malnutrition and breast/bottle feeding was insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: There is no association between maternal malnutrition and the choice of bottle feeding of infants. Keywords: Infants, bottle feeding, breastfeeding, maternal malnourishment, body mass index

In both Islamic and conventional finance, SPVs (Special Purpose Vehicles) are a crucial part of securitisation. In an Islamic mode of securitisation, the SPV is accountable to facilitate the management of Sukuk, holding the title of the underlying asset, serving as a bankruptcy remote, and facilitating the cash flow for the investors. While Sukuk agreements are primarily regulated by English law, Sukuk's Shari’ah framework and underlying contract are governed under the jurisdiction of the local laws where Sukuk assets are located. Given this background, the study aims to examine the enforceability of foreign judgements and SPV framework of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and UAE, and afterward qualitatively analyse to determine the best practices from jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Malaysia, the Cayman Islands, and Turkey which can be incorporated in the selected jurisdictions. In this essence, secondary data is obtained from multiple resources such as Sukuk laws and regulations as well as articles, books, websites, and academic writings. These materials are then compared and analysed using the content analysis method. Thus, the regulations with respect to SPV incorporation and enforceability of foreign judgment will be examined as the analysis of these aspects will assist the Islamic finance community to reform their SPV framework in ways that explicitly and efficiently ensure transparency and inclusively disclose the scope of the role and status of all parties involved in an SPV formation.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of different feeding practices among infants presenting with acute diarrhea. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from October 2019 to March 2020 in the Paediatrics Out-Patient Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Infants with acute diarrhea were included in the study after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling was done by consecutive (non-probability) sampling. Sample size was 141, under WHO sample size calculator. Results: Out of 141 infants who presented with acute diarrhea in our study, 26(18.4%) were exclusively breastfed, 79(56%) were partially breastfed, while 36(25.5%) were non breastfed. Out of 141, 80(56.7%) were male and 61(43.3%) were female, with frequency of exclusive breastfeeding in males being 17.5% and in females being 19.7%. The mean age of the infant presenting with diarrhea was 3.25 months, while the mean age of the mother in the study was found to be 26.4 years. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 7.7% in working mothers compared to 19.5% in housewives. Conclusion: The most common feeding practice among infants presenting with acute diarrhea is partial breastfeeding which is not as effective as exclusive breastfeeding in preventing and reducing morbidity from diarrheal diseases. Key Words: Feeding practices, Exclusive breastfeeding, Partial breastfeeding, Non breastfeeding and Acute Diarrhea.

The experiment was carried out in the apiary of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad located in Al-Jadriya on hybrid only honey bee colonies Apis mellifera L. to find out the effect of nutrients (Matricaria chamomilla , coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare,Vicia faba, Dianthus chinensis) mixed with the bean powder on the attraction of honey bee workers outside the hives and added. It has the sugar solution on the area of honey, brood (closed and open) and pollen grains inside the hives, where the results showed that chamomile mixed with bean powder is more attractive to worker bees at a rate of 99.8 bees / hour, and less attractive with cloves with bean powder at a rate of 7.7 bees / hour, and that the evening feeding period More attractive to worker bees to food, at a rate of 69.9 bees per hour. The results showed that the rate of the effect of foodstuffs mixed with the sugar solution, as the treatment of chamomile with the sugar solution was higher than the rest of the treatments at a rate of 198.75 Eng2 at reading 3/6, then the rate gradually increased until it reached the highest rate at reading 10/6 and it was The treatment of chamomile with the sugar solution is superior to the rest of the treatments as it reached 257.5 Eng 2. Then the rate gradually decreased until it reached the lowest rate as it reached at the reading 6 / 24 in the treatment of chamomile with the sugar solution with the rest of the other treatments 187.67 Eng2.Corresponding author: E-mail (mohammed.shakir@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq) Al-Muthanna University All rights reserved

objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical teaching activities in pediatric department of Khyber teaching hospital by finding the prevailing and preferred teaching methods for year-5 MBBS students. Methods: This cross-sectional survey about teaching methods using a validated questionnaire was conducted in the Department of Child Health Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. The survey was conducted including all the 5th year medical students who completed their pediatric rotation. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied using SPSS 20. Results: In pediatric department of Khyber Teaching Hospital 200 students of year 5 MBBS completed their 4 weeks of clinical rotation. Bed side teaching was reported to be most frequently used for psychomotor domain i.e. history taking (43.1%), systemic examinations (47.4%) and procedural skill (35%) while 95% of the students preferred direct observation of their skill performance followed by a debriefing session. Regarding affective domain counselling (66.4%) and breaking bad news (3.5%) was taught by didactic method (48.9%) while students preferred role modelling (21.9%) along with lectures (27%). Conclusions: Considering the responses given by students they preferred to be actively involved during patient encounters and given feed-back during their 5th year of MBBS.

This study evaluates engineering properties of soils for the foundation in Tharparkar district. Three boreholes were investigated in the study area at the depths of 8m, 9m and 9m respectively. The area is mainly divided into three zones, i.e. BH-01, BH-02 and BH-03. Groundwater was not encountered in any borehole. The soil profile of all three boreholes are low dense to medium dense at 2.0m to 6.0m and the 7.0m to 9.0m depths respectively. Overburden depth was very dense (N-values ranges from 8 to 17 and 33 to more than 50 numbers). Laboratory results reveal that moisture content goes 4.8 to 6.4%, Soils are non-plastic in all three boreholes. The granular soils specify theangles of internal friction (ø) varying from 240–330in respective boreholes; while in the collected samples granular soils have cohesion of 2.4 to 2.5kPa. According to AASHTO soil classification, the material belongs to the type of granular soil and in the group of A-3. Furthermore, finding of the examinations is robust for the development of structures, transmission line foundations and other civil works to observe the stability and quality of good foundation for the most part in Thar zone, particularly in the studied area.

Background:Vaginal cancer is a rare malignancy that poses a challenge to treat and cure, as surgical excision requires life-changing procedures because of the proximity and involvement of rectum, bladder and anus. We report in this case study the successful delivery of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for a patient with vaginal cancer after previous radiotherapy.Methods:A 71-year-old white female who presented with dyspareunia and irritative urinary symptoms proven by biopsy was our candidate patient. Subsequent PET/CT revealed a hypermetabolic 3 cm lesion at the 12–1 o’clock position in the distal vagina involving the clitoris. The patient was initially treated with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with simultaneous integrated boost technique to the involved nodes, and later upon recurrence treated with SABR using 30 Gy in six fractions.Findings:To our knowledge, this is the first report of a vaginal cylinder used to physically distance organs at risk from the treatment target and also as a localising device with image guidance for the delivery of SABR using an external beam.

PurposeThe goal of this study is to investigate treatment planning of total marrow irradiation (TMI) using intensity-modulated spot-scanning proton therapy (IMPT). The dosimetric parameters of the intensity-modulated proton plans were evaluated and compared with the corresponding TMI plans generated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using photon beams.MethodsIntensity-modulated proton plans for TMI were created using the Monte Carlo dose-calculation algorithm in the Raystation 11A treatment planning system with spot-scanning proton beams from the MEVION S250i Hyperscan system. Treatment plans were generated with four isocenters placed along the longitudinal direction, each with a set of five beams for a total of 20 beams. VMAT-TMI plans were generated with the Eclipse-V15 analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) using a Varian Trilogy machine. Three planning target volumes (PTVs) for the bones, ribs, and spleen were covered by 12 Gy. The dose conformity index, D80, D50, and D10, for PTVs and organs at risk (OARs) for the IMPT plans were quantified and compared with the corresponding VMAT plans.ResultsThe mean dose for most of the OARs was reduced substantially (5% and more) in the IMPT plans for TMI in comparison with VMAT plans except for the esophagus and thyroid, which experienced an increase in dose. This dose reduction is due to the fast dose falloff of the distal Bragg peak in the proton plans. The conformity index was found to be similar (0.78 vs 0.75) for the photon and proton plans. IMPT plans provided superior superficial dose coverage for the skull and ribs in comparison with VMAT because of increased entrance dose deposition by the proton beams.ConclusionTreatment plans for TMI generated with IMPT were superior to VMAT plans mainly due to a large reduction in the OAR dose. Although the current IMPT-TMI technique is not clinically practical due to the long overall treatment time, this study presents an enticing alternative to conventional TMI with photons by providing superior dose coverage of the targets, increased sparing of the OARs, and enhanced radiobiological effects associated with proton therapy.

The worldwide ecology has recently changed substantially due to rising carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, concerns about climate change, global warming, and environmental damage have surfaced. Humans, as well as the agricultural ecosystem, are presumably the most sensitive to these concerns. The study focuses on the link between the China's agricultural ecology and carbon dioxide emissions in this context. Annual time-series data from 1961 to 2019 were used in this investigation. Modern approaches such as Johansen, NARDL, and asymmetric and symmetric Granger causality, for example, were used. According to the Johansen test and the NARDL model, carbon dioxide emissions and agricultural ecosystems are co-integrated. According to the NARDL model, a 1% rise in Agriculture GDP, Animal heads, and Cereal crop harvested use will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.254, 0.82, and 5.38 percent, respectively, in the short run. The residual diagnostics assessments advise that the NARDL model is stable, reliable, and credible in the present form. The symmetric granger causality results reveal a unidirectional causality between carbon dioxide and agriculture GDP, rural populations, and pesticide imports. However, the granger causality of corban dioxide emissions with agricultural land use is symmetrically bidirectional. As a result, it is recommended that the government take proactive measures to limit the danger of environmental pollution and degradation by implementing coordinated tactics, notably crop management and pesticide imported into the country.

directed regulation of asphalt concrete properties is an important condition for obtaining a durable material that minimizes operating costs. One of such perspective directions is modification of building compositions by nanoscale objects. The method of modification of mineral powder from dolomite by carbon nanotubes is considered in the work, and results of tests of asphalt concrete on its basis are given. It is shown that the use of nanomodified dispersed dolomite in the technology of preparation of asphalt concrete mixture on the surface of the grains of mineral material forms a strong, high-temperature resistant layer of structured bitumen. The increase in the dynamic viscosity of bitumen and the complex shear modulus under the influence of CNT contributes to the change in the yield strength of asphalt concrete above the maximum shear stresses, which leads to a slight accumulation of residual plastic deformations in the plate in the study of the resistance to ruts. Thus, modification of bitumen and asphalt concrete with nanoscale additives can be an effective tool in the fight against plastic deformations such as shifts, surges and rutting in hot climates, for example, in Jordan.

Motivated by the previous literature on investor sentiment and assuming that terrorist activities affect investor mood, this study attempts to address the psychological impact of terrorism for investors in Pakistan stock market. Apart from a direct economic loss, major terrorist incidents create/exacerbate uncertainty and fear in the market. The investors are likely to over-respond to such incidents and once the dust settles the market tend to recover. The analysis of cumulative abnormal returns in the aftermaths of terrorist incidents and the volume analysis provide strong evidence that the terrorist incidents adversely affect investors’ sentiments and confidence in the market as manifested through relatively feeble trading volumes.Keywords: Sentiment, Terrorism, Stock Market, PakistanJEL Classifications: C33, E44, G15DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9591

Climate change policy has several potential risks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of green technology development, green energy consumption, energy efficiency, foreign direct investment, economic growth, and trade (imports and exports) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in South Asia from 1981 to 2018. We employed Breusch Pagan LM, bias-corrected scaled LM, and Pesaran CD as part of a series of techniques that can assist in resolving the problem of cross-sectional dependence. First and second generation unit root tests are used to assess the stationarity of the series, Pedroni and Kao tests are used to test co-integration. The long-term associations are examined using fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and panel dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) for robustness. The results revealed that trade, growth rate, and exports significantly increase GHG emissions. This accepted the leakage phenomenon. The results also demonstrated that green technology development, green energy consumption, energy efficiency, and imports all have a significant negative correlation with GHG emissions. Imports, advanced technical processes, a transition from non-green energy to green energy consumption, and energy efficiency are thus critical components in executing climate change legislation. These findings highlight the profound importance of green technology development and green energy for ecologically sustainable development in the South Asian countries and act as a crucial resource for other nations throughout the world when it comes to ecological security. This research recommends the consumption of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies in order to mitigate climate change and the government's implementation of the most recent policies to neutralize GHG emissions in order to achieve sustainable development.

The experiment was conducted in the fields of a farmer in the Al-Dila area / south of Babylon provainc, at a longitude of 44.39 E and a latitude of 32.3 N, 17 km south of the Hilla city. To study the effect of biofertilizer and potassium source on improving the performance, growth and production of potatoes, the experiment was designed according to a split plot-System using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results of the experiment were statistically analyzed according to the method of analysis of variance and according to the significant differences between the treatments at the probability level of 0.05 using the least significant difference LSD. The results showed that there were significant differences when adding bio-fertilizer in most of the vegetative, quantitative and qualitative traits of potato plants, as the addition of bio-fertilizer Fulzyme (12 kg. ha-1) was significantly excelled in plant height, number of stems, number of leaves, number of total tubers and number of marketable tubers, As for the qualitative traits, it gave the highest rate in the percentage of protein and carbohydrates. The results of spraying with potassium source indicated that there were significant differences in most of the vegetative, quantitative and qualitative traits, where the spraying treatment with potassium sulfate at a concentration of (3 ml. L-1) was achieved. Significantly excelled in the number of main stems, the average marketing weight of the tuber, and the treatment of spraying with nano-potassium at a concentration (2 g. L-1) was significantly excelled in the total plant yield amounting to (1.069 kg. plant-1 and 56.44 tons. ha-1), the yield marketable (54.26 tons. ha-1), the percentage of carbohydrates in the tubers, While the spraying treatment with potassium silicate at a concentration of (3 ml. L-1) achieved significantly excelled in plant height, number of leaves, number of total and marketable tubers, and the percentage of protein in tubers. The two interactions showed a significant effect on most of the vegetative, quantitative and qualitative growth traits of potato plants. The bi-interaction treatment, adding Fulzyme + spraying with potassium silicate, achieved a significantly excelled in the traits of the total yield per ton, which amounted to (61.56 tons. ha-1) and the marketable yield per ton reached(59.41 tons. ha-1).

In the electron beam radiation therapy, customized blocks are mostly used to shape treatment fields to generate conformal doses. The goal of this study is to investigate quantitatively dosimetric uncertainties associated with heterogeneities, detectors used in the measurement of the beam data commissioning, and modeling of the interactions of high energy electrons with tissue. These uncertainties were investigated both by measurements with different detectors and calculations using electron Monte Carlo algorithm (eMC) in the Eclipse treatment planning system. Dose distributions for different field sizes were calculated using eMC and measured with a multiple‐diode‐array detector (MapCheck2) for cone sizes ranging from 6 to 25 cm. The dose distributions were calculated using the CT images of the MapCheck2 and water‐equivalent phantoms. In the umbra region (

Background: A Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in pathogenic bacteria has become a significant public health issue for treatment. Among bacteria, Pseudomonas is another important genus except Streptomyces and Bacillus in production of antimicrobial compounds. The current study aim to to determine the antibacterial activity and preliminary characterization of antibacterial compounds produced by Pseudomonas species such as BB1D11, BN2D41, TG1D11, TR1D41, LH1D11 and TN1D41. Method: The antibacterial activity was checked by using bio autography method as well as agar well diffusion method, against four multiple drug resistant bacteria including three Gram negative bacteria (E.coli, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas) and one Gram positive bacterium (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Isolation test showed good activity against all the four MDR bacteria, by producing clear zone of diameter from 2mm up to 20mm. Optimum temperature for growth and antibiotic production of Pseudomonas BB1D11, BN2D41, TG1D11, TR1D41, LH1D11 and TN1D41 was 37C0. It produces more metabolites when subjected to shaking incubation. In thin layer chromatography, the extracts were repeatedly inserted on a silica gel coated plate, which was run in mobile phase. Normal HPLC was perform to reveal the presence of antibacterial compounds. Results: By well diffusion assay a zone of inhibition range from 2-18 mm of diameter against different test bacteria. The components were separated, resulting in the formation of bands with different colors, each showing a different compounds. Biological screening was performed by bio autography, metabolites showed a significant activity at retention factor of 0.89. While HPLC at retention time 2.50-2.90 showed presence of significant antibacterial compounds. Conclusion: Pseudomonas BB1D11, BN2D41, TG1D11, TR1D41, LH1D11 and TN1D41 showed promising anti-microbial activity against different MDR bacteria. It is concluded that HPLC revealed the presence of DAPG at retention time 2.90 which inhibit the growth of MDR bacterial strains.

This work reports, for the first time, the sintering of the thermally decomposable lead dioxide at a temperature lower than 290 °C. Such low-temperature processing is necessary to avoid the transformation of the conductive lead dioxide to the non-conductive lead oxides via the well-known thermal decomposition processes of lead oxides. Such sintering process provides an important opportunity to find a way toward an efficient and cost-effective alternative for platinum electrodes for the electrochemical applications. It has been found that 90% of the theoretical density can be achieved, for lead dioxide body, via cold sintering process with the help of minor additives of saturated lead nitrate solution and 2 M hydrochloric acid solution. The different characterization analyses could not detect any undesirable phase, while the cyclic voltametery, BET, and the contact angle tests confirmed the suitability of the synthesized body for the electrochemical applications.

This study investigated the effect of credit constraints and credit unconstraints on the technical efficiency of hybrid maize growers in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK) of Pakistan. The primary data were collected by a direct elicitation method from 510 maize growers of KPK Province. Stochastic frontier model techniques were used for technical efficiency analyses. The results revealed that the mean technical efficiency difference between the two groups was 10.2%. The results of technical inefficiency effect modeling demonstrated that education of the household head, family size, number of married family members, off-farm income, farming experience, tractor drill, water irrigation through a lined course, certified seed, extension services, household saving variables, and a credit size variable had positive effects on technical efficiency for both credit constrained farmers (CCFs) and credit unconstrained farmers (UCCFs). In addition, age of household head and fragmented land values had negative effects on technical efficiency for both groups. However, the interest rate had positive and negative impacts on the technical efficiency of CCFs and UCCFs, respectively. Our results have significant implications for policies related to land use, interest rate, and banking sector expansion in the rural areas of Pakistan.

Aim:The purpose of this study is to investigate quantitatively the correlation of displacement vector fields (DVFs) from different deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms to register images from helical computed tomography (HCT), axial computed tomography (ACT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with motion parameters.Materials and methods:CT images obtained from scanning of the mobile phantom were registered with the stationary CT images using four DIR algorithms from the DIRART software: Demons, Fast-Demons, Horn–Schunck and Lucas–Kanade. HCT, ACT and CBCT imaging techniques were used to image a mobile phantom, which included three targets with different sizes (small, medium and large) that were manufactured from a water-equivalent material and embedded in low-density foam to simulate lung lesions. The phantom was moved with controlled cyclic motion patterns where a range of motion amplitudes (0–20 mm) and frequencies (0·125–0·5 Hz) were used.Results:The DVF obtained from different algorithms correlated well with motion amplitudes applied on the mobile phantom for CBCT and HCT, where the maximal DVF increased linearly with the motion amplitudes of the mobile phantom. In ACT, the DVF correlated less with motion amplitudes where motion-induced strong image artefacts and the DIR algorithms were not able to deform the ACT image of the mobile targets to the stationary targets. Three DIR algorithms produce comparable values and patterns of the DVF for certain CT imaging modality. However, DVF from Fast-Demons deviated strongly from other algorithms at large motion amplitudes.Conclusions:The local DVFs provide direct quantitative values for the actual internal tumour shifts that can be used to determine margins for the internal target volume that consider tumour motion during treatment planning. Furthermore, the DVF distributions can be used to extract motion parameters such as motion amplitude that can be extracted from the maximal or minimal DVF calculated by the different DIR algorithms and used in the management of the patient motion.

The aims of this work were to characterization of industrial wastewaters such as dairy and steel manufacturing wastewaters, possible treatment processes, and reusing the treated wastewater for irrigation purpose was discussed. Fresh wastewater samples were collected from Yörüksüt Dairy Factory and Erbil Steel Company and analyzed for 21 water quality parameters. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, total suspended solids (TSS) etc. were exceeded the standards for disposal of wastewater. Thus, treatment processes are essential prior disposal of wastewater to the environment or using for irrigation purpose. Based on the characteristics of the wastewaters, the treatment processes such as primary, secondary and tertiary were discussed. In addition, the quality of raw wastewater samples and proposed treated industrial wastewaters were compared with the guidelines for the irrigation purpose.

This research was conducted in orchard belong to Al-Mahawel date palm station (Abo Sderah) / Ministry of Agriculture located in governorate of Babylon, during the season 2015-2016. Twenty four uniform date palm Phoenix dactylifera. L. Sultani cultivar were used , to study the effect of the pollinator type(P1: Ghannamiakhder , P2: Ghannamiahmer and P3:khukri ), the concentration of Naphthalene Acetic Acid NAA(0 , 50 and 100 ) mg.L-1 and their interaction on fruits setting up , fruits drop and some of physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of date palm Sultani cultivar .Experiment carried out as factorial experiment(3×3) by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in each treatment , and the means were compared using LSD level of significant test at P ≤ 0·05. The results can be summarized as that Ghannamiahmer (P2)cultivar and 50 mg.L-1 NAA application showed a significant increase in the fruit setting% , while Khukri cultivar(P3) showed significantly increased fruit size and weight as compared with the other cultivars.Furthermore the cultivar(P1) obtained a significant increase in the bunch weight in Rutab stage as compared with the other cultivars. While the cultivar (P2) with 100 mg.L-1 NAA application showed significant increase in bunch weight in Rutab stage as compared with the other interactions. Ghannamiakhder (P1) cultivar had a significant increase in the fruit content of reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, while khukri showed significant increase in fruit content of dry matter% and total sugars as compared with the other cultivars.

Although many studies have investigated small electron fields, there are several dosimetric issues that are not well understood. This includes lack of charged particle equilibrium, lateral scatter, source occlusion and volume averaging of the detectors used in the measurement of the commissioning data. High energy electron beams are also associated with bremsstrahlung production that contributes to dose deposition, which is not well investigated, particularly for small electron fields. The goal of this work has been to investigate dosimetric uncertainties associated with small electron fields using dose measurements with different detectors as well as calculations with eMC dose calculation algorithm.Different dosimetric parameters including output factors, depth dose curves and dose profiles from small electron field cutouts were investigated quantitatively. These dosimetric parameters were measured using different detectors that included small ion chambers and diodes for small electron cutouts with diameters ranging from 15-50mm mounted on a 6 × 6cmLarge deviations existed between the output factors calculated with the eMC algorithm and measured with small detectors for small electron fields up to 55% for 6MeV. The discrepancy between the calculated and measured doses increased 10%-55% with decreasing electron beam energy from 20 MeV to 6 MeV for 15mm circular field. For electron fields with cutouts 20mm and larger, the measured and calculated doses agreed within 5% for all electron energies from 6-20MeV. For small electron fields, the maximal depth dose shifted upstream and becomes more superficial as the electron beam energy increases from 6-20MeV as measured with small detectors.Large dose discrepancies were found between the measured and calculated doses for small electron fields where the eMC underestimated output factors by 55% for small circular electron fields with a diameter of 15 mm, particularly for low energy electron beams. The measured entrance doses and dElectron small field dosimetry require more consideration of variations in beam quality, lack of charged particle equilibrium, lateral scatter loss and dose deposition from bremsstrahlung produced by energetic electron beams in a comprehensive approach similar to photon small field dosimetry. Furthermore, most of the commercially available electron dose calculation algorithms are commissioned with large electron fields; therefore, vendors should provide tools for the modeling of electron dose calculation algorithms for small electron fields.

Owing to its excellent features, cheap cost, and green synthesis methodology, geopolymer foams (highly porous materials) have been emerged as one of the most interesting materials in recent years, allowing them to be utilized in a variety of high added-value applications. The present research investigates Hybrid Geopolymer-based Foams (HGPF) base on metakaolin mechanical and microstructure characteristics. In this article the physical, mechanical and microstructure tests have been conducted in order to identified the compressive strength, and the physical characteristics of the samples with final aim to optimize the preparation process by RSM. The studied parameters have been (silica content, water amount, OPC%, H2O2 %, and Oil %). The optimized results of compressive strength and apparent porosity have been 23.49 MPa, and 81.75%, respectively.

Study of performance of water treatment plant (WTP) is essential to be assessed with all aspects and considerations including physical, chemical and bacteriological so as to determine its efficiency and to produce quality water to the consumer. Performance of any WTP is a crucial parameter to be evaluated to understand its operation, working, and efficiency. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of Ifraz 2 WTP units, and to discover the problems of the efficiency in the units with providing appropriate solutions. Water samples were collected for six months from raw water, after clarification, after filtration, and storage tank. Turbidity removal efficiency for each unit and the whole WTP were calculated and presented. Results revealed that there is a wide variation of the raw water turbidity values which ranged from 51.8 NTU to 1978 NTU. Average removal efficiencies for the sedimentation unit, filtration unit, and the entire Ifraz 2 WTP were 92.25%, 64.99% and 97.54%, respectively. The efficiency of coagulation and flocculation processes are fluctuated due to the absence of optimum dosage of coagulant. In the filtration process, due to the little depth of filter bed, this makes the filtration process in low quality. For improving the process of filtration, an adequate adding of filter media is very necessary to improve filter efficiency. After disinfection and storage, the turbidity values of the treated water were increased in half of the samples due to availability of solids in the storage tank. A great part of solids removed after coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation tanks.

The present article provides a detailed analysis of the Darcy Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanoliquid past an exponentially extending curved surface. In the porous space, the viscous fluid is expressed by Darcy-Forchheimer. The cylindrical shaped carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) and Fe3O4 (iron oxide) are used to synthesize hybrid nanofluid. At first, the appropriate similarity transformation is used to convert the modeled nonlinear coupled partial differential equations into nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations. Then the resulting highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are analytically solved by the utilization of the “Homotopy analysis method” (HAM) method. The influence of sundry flow factors on velocity, temperature, and concentration profile are sketched and briefly discussed. The enhancement in both volume fraction parameter and curvature parameter k results in raises of the velocity profile. The uses of both Fe3O4 and CNTs nanoparticles are expressively improving the thermophysical properties of the base fluid. Apart from this, the numerical values of some physical quantities such as skin friction coefficients, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for the variation of the values of pertinent parameters are displayed in tabular forms. The obtained results show that the hybrid nanofluid enhances the heat transfer rate 2.21%, 2.1%, and 2.3% using the MWCNTs, SWCNTs, and Fe3O4 nanomaterials.

In the field of medical imaging, there are many ways to visualize disease pathology in the body. Conventional medical imaging techniques use ionizing radiation, which is harmful to the patient on a cellular level. As more and more imaging tests are being ordered, safer alternatives must be developed to protect the public from these harmful effects. Microwave imaging (MWI) is a novel solution that will produce images while keeping the patient safe from harmful radiation. Lower frequency microwaves are not as harmful to DNA and cellular structures. As a result, a MWI system (MWIS) will be safer for method to acquire medical images. Although this technology has been actively researched for several decades, the proposed design differs in that it will attempt to merge the circular data collection patterns of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with the reflective nature of radar and ultrasound. Consequently, the proposed system will be able to produce three-dimensional images of the anatomy in a much safer and cheaper manner than conventional imaging methods. As this research is a work in progress, this paper is intended to outline the proposed design as well as current progress of the MWIS.

Recent research has shown that people are frequently searching for information with local intent. The existing systems fail to answer this class of questions as they are not mainly designed to handle it. In this paper, we propose LOCI, a mobile question & answer system with a multimodal motivation scheme for local intent questions where users provide timely and accurate answers in a dynamic social network. LOCI mines users’ shared and contextual information to identify the most relevant users for each question. The proposed multimodal motivation scheme exploits users’ social ties and monetary rewards to raise their basic motivation levels. LOCI assigns questions to the best answerers via our three proposed algorithms: (i) LOCI-RT, which immediately assigns newly arrived questions/users to available users/questions, (ii) LOCI-LO, which uses short-time batches for locally optimal questions-users assignment, and (iii) LOCI-AD, which assigns short- and long-deadline questions immediately and via batching, respectively. We conduct: (i) a survey to support our assumptions regarding the proposed multimodal motivation scheme, and (ii) trace-driven experiments to evaluate the performance of the three proposed LOCI’s algorithms.

In a question & answer (Q& A) system, credible users provide answers of higher correctness. However, in a distributed social network based Q& A (SNQ& A) system, an asker does not know a k-hop answerer’s credibility, thus making it difficult for the asker to assess the answer correctness. Therefore, a credibility-enabled distributed SNQ& A system is crucial for determining the correctness of the answers. To this end, we propose CRED, a credibility-enabled distributed SNQ& A system, which facilitates each user to assess the correctness of the provided answers. CRED utilizes subjective logic to build interestwise friend-to-friend credibility opinions under uncertainties. The developed opinions are then accumulated by CRED to get each user’s aggregated credibility opinion, which may reflect the user’s real credibility. CRED forwards a question to users with highest credibility beliefs in the question interest category. Our evaluation results show that, on average, CRED accomplishes higher success ratio, higher answer correctness, and lower answer uncertainty by 12.1%, 16.4%, and 22.2%, respectively, as compared to the best-performing baseline systems.

Background: Diarrhea is communicable disease caused by inflammation of gastrointestinal tract by viruses, bacteria, protozoa or toxin that lead to watery stool mostly accompanied by vomiting and fever. After pneumonia, acute diarrhea is second leading cause of death in younger children. According to world health organization (WHO) and UNICEF, worldwide there are more than two billion of diarrheal cases are reported each year. There are many factors that may risk for diarrhea in children it includes un vaccination, poor economic status, contaminated water, unhygienic food, poultry and domestic animals and lack of education. Aim: To assess and find the major risk factors for diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. Material and method: An Analytical cross-sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted on children less than five year presenting with AGE in pediatric emergency of Khyber teaching Hospital Peshawar. Risk factors associated with diarrhea such as age, gender, residency, mother’s education, socio-economic status and unvaccinated were examined. Results: A total of 150 participants were enrolled into current study, out of which 58% were male and 42% were female, out of total participant 45.3% belong to rural and 55.7% are from urban areas. Male gender, age Key words: Children, diarrhea, risk factors, unhygienic

Nowadays fast food consumption is increasing among people especially in students, which is one of the main risk factors for development of CHD; whereas CHD are amongst the most serious problems worldwide. Methods: A multi-center cross sectional study was conducted in Rehman Medical College (Medical) and University of Engineering and Technology (Non-Medical) from January 2016 to June 2016.Questionnaire were distributed to 75 students of each Institute. The data were analyzed in SPSS 16.0. Results: Out of 150 students, 109 were males and 39 were females and 2 students didn’t return the questionnaire. Overall medical students had more knowledge as compared to non-medical students regarding CHD and fast food but there were some aspects in which there was little or no difference. Majority (71.2%) of medical students and some (32.0%) of nonmedical students considered increase cholesterol diet as risk factor for CHD. Most of medical students (87.7%) and nonmedical students (92.0%) have never done a diagnostic test for cardiovascular diseases or high cholesterol level.

Background: The golden proportion is a mathematically constant ratio between the larger and smaller length. The ratio is approximately 1.618:1 In terms of proportion, the smaller tooth is about 62% the size of the larger one. Golden, because it is noble, unique, ideal and perfect with many amazing properties. Abbreviated to Greek Letter Phi. First Described by Euclid Where to find golden ratio. In the next few slides, some examples of the Golden Proportion are depicted. Many of them have Golden Mean Gauge, superimposed over the picture. One of the important and critical tasks in esthetic dentistry is creating a harmonious proportion when restoring or replacing. The concept of Golden proportion has often been offered as a corner stone of smile design theory. Aim: To investigate the existence of Golden Proportion between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth of undergraduate dental students at Mayo Hospital Lahore. Methodology: Entire procedure was made simple as the subjects for the study were evaluated in normal clinical situations rather than in complex environment. Each measurement was made thrice by the same operator and the repetitive value was used for accuracy and calibration of results. The golden proportion for each subject was assessed by multiplying the width of the larger component by 62% and compared with the width of the smaller component for proportion to be analyzed. The measurements were recorded and statistically analyzed using Student’s paired t-test at α=0.05. Undergraduate dental student volunteers from Mayo Hospital Lahore. 100 Students (50 males and 50 females). Mean age: 2o– 25 years. Result: Descriptive statistics were calculated for the frequency of participants having various ratios of golden proportions based on sex. Chi square analysis was used to find if there exists any association between sex and various ratios of golden proportions. Alpha error was set at 5% and P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Frequency and percentage of ratio in the study sample Ratio Males Females Total 1.1 0 (0%) 1 (1%) 1% 1.2 19 (38%) 17 (34%) 36% 1.3 15 (30%) 18 (36%) 33% 1.4 6 (12%) 5 (10%) 11% 1.5 6 (12%) 4 (8%) 10% 1.6 4 (8%) 5 (10%) 9%. Frequency and percentage of ratio in the study sample 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1 2 3. The ratio of 1.2 and 1.3 were more commonly observed in 36% and 33% of individuals than 1.618. The ratio of 1.5 and 1.6 were found in 10% and 9% of the study group evaluated. The 1.2 ratio which was commonly observed was substantiated by Rosensteil et al. Javaheri and Shahnavaz, Jahanbin et al., Decker, Sarver and Ackerman, Howells and Shaw. Conclusion: The results of this study showed golden proportion ratio of 1.6 in 9% of study samples. No major differences in proportion existed between the sexes and symmetry of teeth. Findings of this study were substantiated by other investigations of de Castro et al., Ong et al., Wolfart et al., Shell and Woods done on non-Indian population. The results of this study have inferred that golden proportion is not seen in majority of the patients. Keywords: Assessment, golden proportion, maxillary anterior teeth, under graduate students, Mayo Hospital Lahore.&nbsp

By knowing about the estrogen, progesterone and androgen operations methods we can get knowledge that the androgen receptors are constant at single place. The receptors of the androgen are constant. at the intention cells like intellect and cartilage. By default, these receptors are present and contained on some other cells that result in single anticipated consequences. 80 to 90% burning flashes can be lessened by using the higher amount of progestin. Our current research was conducted at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from May 2017 to April 2018. It also causes some adverse effects like fatness, watery preservation, and release of fluid from vagina and dryness in oral cavity. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an androgen consequent from adrenal glands. It acts as an initiator of the hormone that can be transformed into persuasive androgen and estrogen. It has been seen in the observation involving less number of patients that it lessened vasomotor indications enhance recent male se hormone and better the presentation of cognitive. There is no androgen discovered still that can be utilized in the females suffering from menopausal syndrome. To maintain the mass of bone and improve the betterment in the sexuality Tibolone can be utilized. We can better the indications of the vasomotor, common betterment, deficiencies in cognitive, loss of mass of bone, mood swings and sexuality by these components. Total beneficial and harsh impressions are also discussed.

Incisional hernias have been reported in up to 20% of patients undergoing laparotomy. The incidence of incisional hernia following Caesarean section by vertical incision is 3.1%. Spontaneous rupture of abdominal hernia is very rare and usually occurs in incisional and recurrent groin hernias. Conservative management such as manual reduction and use of abdominal binder until term has been applied with unreliable success. Additionally, surgical intervention such as antepartum hernial repair has also been undertaken in few women while allowing for normal vaginal delivery at term. The rarity of this condition prompted us to report a case of spontaneous rupture of incisional hernia in a 35 years old pregnant lady who had developed incisional hernia following caesarean section.

There is general agreement that attitudes towards the entrepreneurial activity, and its social function is determinant factors for university students to decide an entrepreneurial career. This study focuses on the impact of entrepreneurship education on student’s motivation and skills towards enterprise education in Mardan. The study was conducted to find out the attitude, motivation, and skills of young student’s towards starting a business. The aim of this study is to find out the impact of entrepreneurial education on students and their motivation and skills towards entrepreneurship in Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan. Data has been collected from a sample of 90 students of Management Sciences Department at AWKUM in Mardan through questionnaires. Data were collected only from Bachelors and Master’s Program Students of Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan. The result reveals that entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education is having an impact on student’s motivation and skills.

The goal of this project is to investigate quantitatively the performance of different deformable image registration algorithms (DIR) with helical (HCT), axial (ACT), and cone‐beam CT (CBCT). The variations in the CT‐number values and lengths of well‐known targets moving with controlled motion were evaluated. Four DIR algorithms: Demons, Fast‐Demons, Horn‐Schunck and Lucas‐Kanade were used to register intramodality CT images of a mobile phantom scanned with different imaging techniques. The phantom had three water‐equivalent targets inserted in a low‐density foam with different lengths (10–40 mm) and moved with adjustable motion amplitudes (0–20 mm) and frequencies (0–0.5 Hz). The variations in the CT‐number level, volumes and shapes of these targets were measured from the spread‐out of the CT‐number distributions. In CBCT, most of the DIR algorithms were able to produce the actual lengths of the mobile targets; however, the CT‐number values obtained from the DIR algorithms deviated from the actual CT‐number of the targets. In HCT, the DIR algorithms were successful in deforming the images of the mobile targets to the images of the stationary targets producing the CT‐number values and lengths of the targets for motion amplitudes

Compared with community-based question answering systems and modern search engines, social network-based question answering systems are more efficient in addressing non-factual questions. In such systems, askers search answerers among their 1-hop neighbors; however, high-quality answerers may exist in the $k$ -hop neighbors of the social networks who are not known to askers directly. To address this problem, we propose a dynamic SOcial network-based Question Answering System (SOQAS) that finds high-quality answerers to each asker’s question with high response rate and low-response time. The SOQAS finds high-quality answerers in the $k$ -hop dynamic social network and selects optimal relays at each hop to forward the question to, via social referral chains. In particular, the profile information is exchanged among $k$ -hop neighbors, and leveraged for finding high-quality answerers and optimal relays at each hop, so as to increase the response rate and reduce the response time. We conduct trace-driven simulations, which show that, compared with the state-of-the-art schemes, SOQAS achieves: 1) higher average expertise levels by more than 42%, 2) higher average response rate by more than 26%, and 3) lower response time with as high as 27% reduction. Furthermore, under diverse system parameters, such as question arrival rate, keywords per question, answerers per question, number of hops, and predictability, the SOQAS consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art schemes.

Geopolymer paste is a revolutionary building material that the chemical activity of inorganic molecules will create. It is an alternative to traditional Portland cement and is more Eco-friendly. This analysis aimed to classify the mixtures and their process parameters suitable for the development of Geo-polymer paste with one of the ultimate compressive powers, the highest-lowest porosity, and the lowest-lowest final and initial setting time. In the experimental design of the Geo-polymer-based-metakaolin, a Taguchi methodology has been utilized. Five variables parameters were chosen that are mostly to influence the properties of the geopolymer. These are the quantity of Si, alkali, the proportion of alkali reagents, duration of blending, and water amount. These variables’ influence has been calculated at 7 and 28 days on compressive strengths, porosity, density, and setting time. The analysis indicates that the strong compressive strength (115MPa) of Geopolymer paste could be achieved with the formula (1Na2O. Al2O3. 3.8SiO2.xH2O) utilizing suitable processing conditions under which the molar ratio of alkali silicate to alkali hydroxide must be held within the range of 3.25-3.02.

Gel casting technique is a promising technology that has ability to produce near-net shape ceramics via using toxic and non-ecofriendly agents. The current work aim to develop green gel casting technique using water as a solvent, agar as a gelling agent, and the microwave thermal treatment instead of cross linker. 8mo l% Yttria stabilized zirconia was selected as a case study to produce near-net shape ceramics. The experimental work involved the preparation of Yttria stabilized zirconia nanoparticles via chemical precipitation method. The effect study of agar ratio, Yttria stabilized zirconia solid loading percent on the physical, mechanical, surface properties of the prepared ceramics and selecting of suitable casting conditions. The study has been found that the microwave thermal treatment develops thermally activated cross linking in the agar aqueous solution leading to higher glass transition temperature for agar. The green combination (agar aqueous solution and microwave treatment) can be used as alternative to (monomer, solvent, cross linker) Companion. Also, using the ultrasonic treatment can effectively eliminate needs for dispersants, also the vacuum de-airing treatment. Yttria stabilized zirconia ceramic with high dimensional accuracy, low surface roughness (Ra=2. 81 nm) can be obtained using an agar ratio of (0.4%) and solid loading of (65%). The sample can be moulded with complex shape and the green gel, also the pre-sintered body is machineable. The sintered samples have a porosity of (31%) and compressive strength of (234MPa). Regression analysis and genetic algorithm are showed that the obtained microhardness, compressive strength, and surface roughness are predictable.

The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate variations of dose distributions deposited in mobile target by measurement and modeling. The effects of variation in dose distribution induced by motion on tumor dose coverage and sparing of normal tissues were investigated quantitatively. The dose distributions with motion artifacts were modeled considering different motion patterns that include (a) motion with constant speed and (b) sinusoidal motion. The model predictions of the dose distributions with motion artifacts were verified with measurement where the dose distributions from various plans that included three-dimensional conformal and intensity-modulated fields were measured with a multiple-diode-array detector (MapCheck2), which was mounted on a mobile platform that moves with adjustable motion parameters. For each plan, the dose distributions were then measured with MapCHECK2 using different motion amplitudes from 0-25 mm. In addition, mathematical modeling was developed to predict the variations in the dose distributions and their dependence on the motion parameters that included amplitude, frequency and phase for sinusoidal motions. The dose distributions varied with motion and depended on the motion pattern particularly the sinusoidal motion, which spread out along the direction of motion. Study results showed that in the dose region between isocenter and the 50% isodose line, the dose profile decreased with increase of the motion amplitude. As the range of motion became larger than the field length along the direction of motion, the dose profiles changes overall including the central axis dose and 50% isodose line. If the total dose was delivered over a time much longer than the periodic time of motion, variations in motion frequency and phase do not affect the dose profiles. As a result, the motion dose modeling developed in this study provided quantitative characterization of variation in the dose distributions induced by motion, which can be employed in radiation therapy to quantitatively determine the margins needed for treatment planning considering dose spillage to normal tissue.