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Introduction: Due to the COVID 19 pandemic and home confinement measures, many of our routine and daily habits have been both affected and modified. Have these factors conditioned a real increase in Precocious (PP) and Accelerated Puberty (AP)? Objectives: This is an observational and retrospective study in which the incidence of medical consultations due to Premature Thelarche is compared between March to December 2019 and 2020. The medical consultations occurred in the Pediatric Endocrinology (PE) consultation of our hospital. Patients and Methods: The analysis involved 75 cases of young girls consulted with Premature Thelarche in 2019 and 97 girls which were consulted in 2020. From each patient different variables were analyzed, such as somatometry, hormones, eco and treatment. Results: In 2019, 75 first visits of PE were due to Premature Thelarche in young girls (accounting for 2.46% of the total number of first visits carried out in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics (POC) and 16.77% of PE first visits). However, in 2020, 97 first visits were due to PE (3.52% the total first time visits of OC and 23.3% in PE). It was found that, in 2020 the number of first time visits due to Premature Thelarche increased by 28% compared to 2019 (p = 0.0001 mean comparison). In 2019, out of the 75 consultations due to premature Thelarche, 40% were diagnosed with an earlier physiological puberty. Conversely in 2020, out of the 97 consultations, 61.77% had a normal physiological puberty. These figures represent an OR of 1.54 (p = 0.02 t Student for independent samples). It was evaluated whether the patients had experienced > 3 kg weight gain above 6 months prior to the medical visit. In 2020, 31.57% of patients experienced weight gain, whereas 68.42% did not. In 2019 patients who experienced weight gain accounted for 12.16% and 87.83% did not experience significant weight gain (p = 0.01 t Student for independent samples). Conclusion: Our data demonstrates there has been an increase in the incidence of the referrals from Primary Attention to Pediatric Endocrinology to examine advanced Thelarche during the period of lockdown measures (2020), in addition to an increase in the number of diagnostics of PP and AP in young girls in our hospital when compared to figures of 2019. Furthermore, in 2020 there was a greater number of patients who experienced weight gain increase 6 months prior to the medical consultations. We hypothesize that lockdown inflicted sedentary lifestyles together with changes in dietary habits, promoting weight gain in patients. This effect could have caused a body fat mass increase in girls, suggesting a “trigger effect” in the activation of the gonadal axis, causing a rise in the number of early puberty cases.

Most research support positive relationships between physical activity and mental health. However, possible moderating variables of these relationships have also been identified, such as age, gender, level of physical activity, and the scope of physical activity. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between physical activity and mental health levels in undergraduate students, assessing whether these associations can change depending on the level of physical activity (low, medium, or high) and the setting (occupational, commuting, or leisure time physical activity) in which it was performed. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample comprised 847 undergraduate students. Physical activity and mental health were measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQv2) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We found relationships between students’ physical activity level and their mental health status. The higher the total physical activity, the better their mental health scores. High levels of commuting and leisure time physical activity is also associated with better mental health, while only moderate levels of occupational physical activity are associated with better mental health status. Regarding the possible associations between physical activity and vulnerability to mental health problems, with the fully adjusted regression model, leisure time and occupational physical activity remain protective of a poor state of mental health. Leisure time physical activity, performed at a high level, and moderate occupational physical activity seems to be the best combination of physical activity to reduce students’ vulnerability to potential mental health problems.

Hospitalization in older population leads to a decline in physical function, physical condition, and independency. However, a scarce number of studies has addressed the effect of being in good physical condition on the risk of hospitalization and polypharmacy in older people. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between physical condition and other health factors, and the incidence of hospitalization and polypharmacy in Spanish older persons. For this cross-sectional study we recruited 102 institutionalized persons aged 80 years or older, who were being treated at three primary care centers. The data collected were number of hospitalizations and medications, dietary habits, nutrition status, quality of life, independence in activities of daily life, physical performance, and associated genotype data. Scoring higher in the tests Chair stand and 8-Foot Up-and-go was found associated with reduced risks of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45 [95% CI = 0.2-0.99]; OR 0.32 [95% CI = 0.12-0.86]) and polypharmacy (OR = 0.36 [95% CI = 0.16-0.8]; OR = 0.28 [95% CI = 0.1-0.78]). The number of medications was also lower in individuals with a greater aerobic capacity and activities of daily life independence (OR = 0.28 [95% CI = 0.1-0.78]; OR = 0.37 [95% CI = 0.16-0.82]). No associations were found with the remaining physical performance tests or other factors assessed. Our findings point to benefits of greater strength, balance, and aerobic capacity in terms of reducing the risk of hospitalization and polypharmacy.

Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are known to have increased risk of developing several pathologies, including the metabolic syndrome, when they grow up. It has been described that both the growth pattern of these children as well as the risk of their presenting future metabolic disorders can be influenced by the expression of adipokines. Among them, chemerin has demonstrated to be implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism, presenting higher circulating concentration in diabetic and obese subjects. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the association of anthropometric parameters and plasmatic biochemical parameters with circulating chemerin concentration in SGA children. This prospective, longitudinal study was carried out in plasma samples of Caucasian children born SGA at Hospital Universitario de Álava-Txagorritxu. Significant positive correlations were observed between chemerin concentrations at 3 months and insulin values at 3 months and also with triglyceride levels at 24 months. These associations were maintained after adjustment by anthropometric parameters. Therefore, we suggest that circulating chemerin concentration, measured at an early age, might be an indicator of future metabolic alterations in SGA children.

Low back pain (LBP) is known to affect cyclists. This study aimed to describe perceived lumbar dysfunction and compare the pain sensation in recreational cyclists who practice road and mountain biking. Forty males were randomly assigned to carry out a 3-h road cycling (RC) and mountain biking (MTB) time trial (TT) at submaximal intensity. LBP and pain pressure threshold (PPT) were measured before and after the TT. A significant increment at the LBP was found after RC TT (p < 0.001; d = 2.61), similar to MTB TT (p < 0.001; d = 2.65). However, PPT decreased after completing the RC TT (p < 0.001; d = 1.73) and after MTB TT (p = 0.024; d = 0.77). There were no differences in the LBP evolution between both interventions (p > 0.01). Low back pain perception increases with cycling in recreational cyclists. Nevertheless, this increase appears to be more related to the traits of the cyclist than the modality practiced.

En los últimos años, el enfoque de sistemas productivos locales (SPL) se ha transformado en el instrumental teórico analítico más utilizado para estudiar el desempeño económico de localidades y regiones. Desde una mirada histórica y estructural, este artículo analiza la dinámica de funcionamiento del sistema productivo de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), haciendo foco en el estudio de tres segmentos industriales: grandes empresas, pequeñas y medianas empresas tradicionales y pequeñas y medianas empresas de software. La metodología seguida es el estudio de caso, combinando fuentes de información primarias y secundarias. El estudio permite identificar trayectorias de crecimiento y expansión de los sectores mencionados en base a hechos estilizados. Además, se identifican restricciones a la evolución de cada sector, asociadas fundamentalmente al perfil de enclave de las grandes plantas industriales y al bajo dinamismo innovador de los segmentos de pequeñas y medianas empresas. Esto es un indicador de la necesidad de promover la conformación de un SPL que mejore la competitividad y la articulación territorial de los sectores maduros y también pueda aprovechar el potencial dinamismo del sector informático.

Objective To assess the comparative effectiveness of computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain suspected to be caused by coronary artery disease. Design Prospective, multicentre, randomised pragmatic trial. Setting Hospitals at 26 sites in 16 European countries. Participants 2002 (56.2%) women and 1559 (43.8%) men (total of 3561 patients) with suspected coronary artery disease referred for invasive coronary angiography on the basis of stable chest pain and a pre-test probability of obstructive coronary artery disease of 10-60%. Intervention Both women and men were randomised 1:1 (with stratification by gender and centre) to a strategy of either computed tomography or invasive coronary angiography as the initial diagnostic test (1019 and 983 women, and 789 and 770 men, respectively), and an intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Randomised allocation could not be blinded, but outcomes were assessed by investigators blinded to randomisation group. Main outcome measures The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke). Key secondary endpoints were an expanded MACE composite (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or major procedure related complication) and major procedure related complications. Results Follow-up at a median of 3.5 years was available in 98.9% (1979/2002) of women and in 99.0% (1544/1559) of men. No statistically significant gender interaction was found for MACE (P=0.29), the expanded MACE composite (P=0.45), or major procedure related complications (P=0.11). In both genders, the rate of MACE did not differ between the computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography groups. In men, the expanded MACE composite endpoint occurred less frequently in the computed tomography group than in the invasive coronary angiography group (22 (2.8%) v 41 (5.3%); hazard ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.87). In women, the risk of having a major procedure related complication was lower in the computed tomography group than in the invasive coronary angiography group (3 (0.3%) v 21 (2.1%); hazard ratio 0.14, 0.04 to 0.46). Conclusion This study found no evidence for a difference between women and men in the benefit of using computed tomography rather than invasive coronary angiography as the initial diagnostic test for the management of stable chest pain in patients with an intermediate pre-test probability of coronary artery disease. An initial computed tomography scan was associated with fewer major procedure related complications in women and a lower frequency of the expanded MACE composite in men. Trial registration NCT02400229ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02400229 .

The secreted protein form of the α-klotho gene, S-klotho, is gaining popularity as a predictor of overall morbimortality, and its role in dialysis patients has been recently highlighted. However, physical performance -which can be assessed through practical field-tests- might be a more practical prognostic marker. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical performance, plasma S-klotho and all-cause mortality in this population. 30 male hemodialysis patients (71 ± 9 years) participated in this prospective, cohort study. Their plasma S-klotho levels and physical performance (assessed by means of the 6-minute walk test [6MWT], handgrip strength, and the sit-to-stand test [STS]) were determined at baseline, and the incidence of mortality was assessed 18-month later. Lower S-klotho levels were associated with a worse performance in all physical tests (all p < 0.05). 12 participants died during the 18 months following baseline measurements. An increased mortality risk was observed in those patients with a worse performance in the STS (RR: 3.0 [95%CI: 1.01-8.95], p < 0.05), the handgrip test (RR: 3.0 [95%CI: 1.01-8.95], p < 0.05) and the 6MWT (RR: 5.0 [95%CI: 1.31-19.07], p < 0.01), being the latter the best predictor of mortality. By contrast, this relationship was not found for plasma S-klotho (RR: 1.6 [95%CI: 0.65-1.35], p > 0.05). In summary, low plasma S-klotho levels are related to impaired physical performance in male dialysis patients. However, physical performance appears as a better and more practical predictor of mortality in this patient population. Sin financiación 4.032 JCR (2020) Q2, 23/53 Geriatrics & Gerontology 1.173 SJR (2020) Q2, 16/35 Aging No data IDR 2020 UEM

Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity, persistent short stature, and metabolic alterations in later life. Moreover, the post-natal growth pattern of SGA infants may be an important contributor to health outcomes later in life, which can be influenced by adipokines. The aims of this study were to compare plasma adipokine profiles (leptin, adiponectin, vaspin, chemerin, and nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV/CCN3)) among SGA newborns aged 3 months, with low, normal, or high catch-up, to search for potential differences between males and females and to analyze the evolution of several adipokines in plasma from SGA newborns between 3 and 24 months. This prospective, longitudinal study was addressed in SGA Caucasian subjects at Hospital Universitario de Alava-Txagorritxu. We observed that infants with fast catch-up showed significantly lower birth weight than the other two groups. As far as adipokines are concerned, they could have an influence on catch-up type because differences among the three experimental groups were found. It may be proposed that health prognoses in infants with slow and fast catch-up are opposite, not only in adulthood but also during their first months. Finally, adipokine evolution patterns during the first 24 months of age differ, depending on the adipokine, and 24-month-old males show lower levels of leptin, adiponectin, and omentin than females.

Introduction: Elevated plasma α-klotho (αKl) protects against several ageing phenotypes and has been proposed as a biomarker of a good prognosis for different diseases. The beneficial health effects of elevated plasma levels of soluble αKl (SαKl) have been likened to the positive effects of exercise on ageing and chronic disease progression. It has also been established that molecular responses and adaptations differ according to exercise dose. The aim of this study is to compare the acute SαKl response to different exercise interventions, cardiorespiratory, and strength exercise in healthy, physically active men and to examine the behavior of SαKl 72h after acute strength exercise.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, plasma SαKl was measured before and after a cardiorespiratory exercise session (CR) in 43 men, and strength exercise session (ST) in 39 men. The behavior of SαKl was also examined 24, 48, and 72h after ST.Results: Significant differences (time×group) were detected in SαKl levels (p=0.001; d=0.86) between CR and ST. After the ST intervention, SαKl behavior varied significantly (p=0.009; d=0.663) in that levels dropped between pre- and post-exercises (p=0.025; d=0.756) and were also significantly higher compared to pre ST values at 24h (p=0.033; d=0.717) and at 48h (p=0.015; d=0.827).Conclusions: SαKl levels increased in response to a single bout of cardiorespiratory exercise; while they decreased immediately after strength exercise, levels were elevated after 24h indicating different klotho protein responses to different forms of exercise.

Purpose: To study how basal metabolism influences the somatometric evolution of the child and adolescent population with obesity in a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Material and Methods: Study of the entire population diagnosed with childhood obesity in a tertiary hospital by means of a multichannel impedanceometry study, TANITA BF 430. Results: 100 patients were selected by chance and studied from a database with 1400 records. Most of the patients who attend to these consultations for obesity are girls, between 8 and 11 years old. All the patients studied had a basal metabolism lower than the calculated theoretical ideal. The group of boys at the beginning of their follow-up showed a higher basal metabolism and more similar than the group of girls. Girls had a higher amount of fat mass compared to boys at the beginning of their follow up. After their first year of follow-up, both groups achieved a decrease in the percentage of fat mass, double in the case of boys compared to girls. After three years of the study, it was observed that 54% of the boys achieved a reduction in their FM compared to 36% of the girls. In overall terms, weight reduction is not achieved in this pediatric population. However it is observed a decrease in fat content in the medium term (1-3 years). The reduction of this fat mass could be a protection factor against cardiovascular diseases in adults. Given the same adherence to nutritional programs, it is believed that physical exercise rates influence this reduction. It was also observed that the most relevant data in the evolution of obesity in these patients is the basal metabolism that they present at the beginning of their follow-up. Discussion: Childhood obesity is a problem of increasing importance in our society. Understanding its characteristics would allow different strategies to be taken for a better treatment and diagnosis of these cases. Boys, in general, achieve a greater reduction in fat mass in the same follow-up time. Due to sexual dimorphism, or a higher rate of physical activity. Bioelectrical impedanceometry measurement is a simple, cheap and easy to use method in clinical practice to evaluate the energy consumption and the body composition of the patient. In “healthy child” health programs and even in schools, an impedanceometry machine could be purchased to focus physical activity efforts on those boys and girls with a lower basal metabolism, adding a greater consumption factor such as physical exercise. Thus, it would be possible to increase the requirements and the basal metabolism of the patient would increase, favoring the loss of fat mass. Regarding the use of conventional scales, in this type of patients, if we only look at the weight variable, a bias could be created since it would not be noticed that there has been a decrease in fat content at the cost of an increase in muscle mass. Conclusion: We consider that it should be recommendable to supply with a multichannel impedanceometry every pediatric endocrine consultation room as it is a non-invasive, and easy-to-use test that can provide a great amount of information about the evolution of these patients, since we believe that focusing efforts on those boys and girls who have a worse basal metabolism could contribute to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the scarce health resources that we have.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and exercise in healthy children modulates the interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a short-term resistance exercise program on heart rate variability (HRV) in children and adolescents with CF.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in children diagnosed with CF aged 6–18 years. Individuals were divided into two groups: control (CON) and resistance-training (EX). Individuals in the EX group completed an individualized guided resistance program (5-RM—60–80%) for 8 weeks (3 sessions of 60 min/week). Upper and lower limbs exercises (seated bench press, seated lateral row, and leg press) were used. HRV was measured using a Suunto watch with subjects in lying position.Results: Nineteen subjects (13 boys) were included (CON = 11; and EX = 8). Mean age was 12.2 ± 3.3, FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) z-score was 1.72 ± 1.54 and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) 42.7 ± 7.4 mL.Kg–1.min–1. Exercise induced significant changes in the frequency-domain variables, including a decrease in LF power (p = 0.001, d = 0.98) and LF/HF ratio (p = 0.020, d = 0.92), and an increase in HF power (p = 0.001, d = −0.97), compared to the CON group. No significant changes were found for time-domain variables, although increases with a moderate effect size were seen for SDNN (p = 0.152, d = −0.41) and RMSSD (p = 0.059, d = −0.49) compared to the CON group.Conclusion: A short-term resistance exercise-training program was able to modulate HRV in children and adolescents with CF presenting mild to moderate lung function impairment and good physical condition.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04293926.

En los últimos años la reflexión científica acerca de las transiciones hacia la sostenibilidad en el sistema agroalimentario ha recibido una atención creciente, y se han desarrollado aproximaciones en distintos contextos y escalas territoriales. Sin embargo, las posibles trayectorias de transición emprendidas desde situaciones y actores convencionales han sido menos estudiadas. El presente artículo analiza tres estudios de caso en los que se ha aplicado la metodología de la Dinamización Local Agroecológica para impulsar transiciones hacia la sostenibilidad en grupos de agricultores convencionales de regadío en el término municipal de València. La discusión aporta reflexiones empíricas relevantes en aspectos hasta ahora poco desarrollados, como son la dialéctica entre las visiones deterministas y las de final abierto en torno a las trayectorias y contenidos específicos de cada proceso de transición; la naturaleza y rasgos del sujeto de la transición; o el papel del enfoque agroecológico en la conceptualización de las transiciones hacia la sostenibilidad de los sistemas alimentarios. El artículo señala la importancia del trabajo desde enfoques no-deterministas para aprehender situaciones complejas, y la necesidad de profundizar en el análisis de los sujetos de las transiciones hacia la sostenibilidad agroalimentaria en el desarrollo de marcos metodológicos adaptados a cada perfil concreto., Los tres proyectos en los que se basa el presente artículo han sido impulsados y financiados por la regidoría d’Agricultura, Horta i Alimentació Sostenible de l’Ajuntament de València entre 2018 y 2019, si bien en el territorio de Partida de Dalt existía una experiencia piloto en marcha desde 2013, financiada a su vez por el Ajuntament de València, que se sumó al proyecto general. La redacción del presente artículo se ha sostenido parcialmente gracias a una subvención concedida a la Fundación Entretantos, dentro de la Convocatoria de Apoyo a Entidades del Tercer Sector (2020) del Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica, Gobierno de España

Objective Asthma is a chronic disease that may affect physical fitness, although its primary effects on exercise capacity, muscle strength, functionality and lifestyle, in children and adolescents, are still poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lifestyle, lung function, and functionality between asthmatics with exercise symptoms and healthy children. In addition, we have analyzed the association between clinical history and the presence of asthma. Study Design Cross-sectional study including 71 patients with a diagnosis of asthma and 71 healthy children and adolescents (7–17 years of age). Anthropometric data, clinical history, disease control, lifestyle (KIDMED and physical activity questionnaires), lung function (spirometry), exercise-induced bronchoconstriction test, aerobic fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise test), muscle strength and functionality (timed up and go; timed up and down stairs) were evaluated. Results Seventy-one patients with asthma (mean age 11.5 ± 2.7) and 71 healthy subjects (mean age 10.7 ± 2.5) were included. All asthmatic children had mild to moderate and stable asthma. EIB occurred in 56.3% of asthmatic children. Lung function was significantly (p

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been studied in relation to health and physical activity (PA) or in a sport-specific approach. EI is related to sports performance, however, combat sports seem to show characteristics of their own that involve better control of emotions than other sports. This study aimed to analyse whether there are differences in EI dimensions between those who do not achieve World Health Organization (WHO) PA recommendations, those who meet WHO PA recommendations, those who meet WHO PA recommendations practising sports, and judokas of different levels. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample comprised 2938 undergraduate students from Madrid and 487 active Spanish judokas. PA was measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). EI was assessed by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24). Three different one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA (controlling for gender and age) were conducted to compare the effect of type of group studied on the EI dimensions. Significant differences in EI dimensions were found between those who do not meet PA recommendations, those who meet PA recommendations, those who meet PA recommendations practising sports, and judo athletes of different levels. However, when controlling for gender and age, these differences remained specifically in emotional attention and in emotional repair. Judo athletes and high-performance judo athletes showed better EI than the rest of the studied groups.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is impaired in patients with stable angina but patients often present with other forms of chest pain. The aim of this study was to compare the pre-diagnostic HRQoL in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) according to angina type, gender, and presence of obstructive CAD.From the pilot study for the European DISCHARGE trial, we analysed data from 24 sites including 1263 patients (45.9% women, 61.1 ± 11.3 years) who were clinically referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA; 617 patients) or coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA; 646 patients). Prior to the procedures, patients completed HRQoL questionnaires: the Short Form (SF)-12v2, the EuroQoL (EQ-5D-3 L) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Fifty-five percent of ICA and 35% of CTA patients had typical angina, 23 and 33% had atypical angina, 18 and 28% had non-anginal chest discomfort and 5 and 5% had other chest discomfort, respectively. Patients with typical angina had the poorest physical functioning compared to the other angina groups (SF-12 physical component score; 41.2 ± 8.8, 43.3 ± 9.1, 46.2 ± 9.0, 46.4 ± 11.4, respectively, all age and gender-adjusted p 0.01), and highest anxiety levels (8.3 ± 4.1, 7.5 ± 4.1, 6.5 ± 4.0, 4.7 ± 4.5, respectively, all adjusted p 0.01). On all other measures, patients with typical or atypical angina had lower HRQoL compared to the two other groups (all adjusted p 0.05). HRQoL did not differ between patients with and without obstructive CAD while women had worse HRQoL compared with men, irrespective of age and angina type.Prior to a diagnostic procedure for stable chest pain, HRQoL is associated with chest pain characteristics, but not with obstructive CAD, and is significantly lower in women.Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02400229.

We present here three different clinical scenarios that illustrate the complexity of taking decisions in sports cardiology. Despite the availability of consensus documents, in clinical practice, decision-making process is most of the times in the grey zone.

Background Asthmatic patients may benefit from exercise training, although the effects of a combined aerobic and resistance training program are still poorly investigated in children and adolescents. Objective To analyze the effects of a combined exercise training (resistance and aerobic) program on aerobic fitness, lung function, asthma control and quality of life in a group of mild‐moderate asthmatic children with exercise symptoms. Methods This was a 12‐week randomized controlled trial including children and adolescents diagnosed with mild‐moderate asthma and presenting exercise‐induced symptoms. The intervention group (IG) performed the exercise training (resistance and aerobic) 3 days/week, for 60 minutes. The control group (CG) followed routine clinical orientations. The main outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lung function, quality of life, asthma control, and functional tests after 3 months of the intervention. Results Fifty‐three patients (IG = 25 and CG = 28) with a mean age of 11.5 ± 2.6 years were included. No significant differences were found between groups regarding lung function, asthma control, quality of life, and functional tests. Ventilatory equivalent for oxygen consumption at ventilatory threshold (P = .025; = 0.083), peak oxygen consumption (P = .008; = 0.116) and test duration (P = .014; = 0.1) presented greater improvements in the IG. In addition, improvements were observed in leg press (P < .001; = 0.36), hamstring curl (P = .001; = 0.217), high row (P = .003; = .167), low row (P = .009; = 0.128) and quadriceps leg extension (P = .015; = 0.108) in the IG. Conclusion Combined exercise training (resistance and aerobic) improved cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in children and adolescents with controlled asthma and exercise symptoms. Fundación Prandi XOTRIO1729 3.039 JCR (2020) Q2, 36/129 Pediatrics 0.866 SJR (2020) Q1, 61/301 Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health No data IDR 2019 UEM

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is impaired in patients with stable angina but patients often present with other forms of chest pain. The aim of this study was to compare the pre-diagnostic HRQoL in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) according to angina type, gender, and presence of obstructive CAD.Methods: From the pilot study for the European DISCHARGE trial, we analysed data from 24 sites including 1263 patients (45.9% women, 61.1 ± 11.3 years) who were clinically referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA; 617 patients) or coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA; 646 patients). Prior to the procedures, patients completed HRQoL questionnaires: the Short Form (SF)-12v2, the EuroQoL (EQ-5D-3 L) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results: Fifty-five percent of ICA and 35% of CTA patients had typical angina, 23 and 33% had atypical angina, 18 and 28% had non-anginal chest discomfort and 5 and 5% had other chest discomfort, respectively. Patients with typical angina had the poorest physical functioning compared to the other angina groups (SF-12 physical component score; 41.2 ± 8.8, 43.3 ± 9.1, 46.2 ± 9.0, 46.4 ± 11.4, respectively, all age and gender-adjusted p p p Conclusions: Prior to a diagnostic procedure for stable chest pain, HRQoL is associated with chest pain characteristics, but not with obstructive CAD, and is significantly lower in women.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02400229.

The aim of this study was to know the association of the reception zone on the performance of the reception of the high-performance male volleyball teams, considering the impact of rotation. The sample consist of 4223 KI sequences, belonging to 29 men's matches of world national teams of the highest level played between 2012 and 2016. The 3 main variables were: the rotation of the team in reception; the reception area; and the reception performance. For data analysis, Pearson's Chi-square analysis has been used to determine the influence of rotation in the reception area, and ordinal regression models to determine the influence of the reception area and the interaction of rotation on the reception performance. The level of significance was set at p = .05. Results showed differences in the distribution of the serve depending on the team's rotation (p < .001; V = 0.123). Significant relationships and interactions were also found between the rotation of the equipment and the reception area, that allow us to understand the greater or lesser probability of achieving a better reception performance (p < .001). In conclusion, the reception area is associated with the rotation of the team, which seems to be related to tactical decisions during the serve of the rival team. Furthermore, the reception performance is different depending on the rotation of the equipment, the reception area, and the interaction between both variables.

Background There is an increasing interest in the use of eccentric muscle exercise to improve physical condition, especially with regards to its health-related benefits. However, it is known that unaccustomed eccentric exercise causes muscle damage and delayed pain, commonly defined as “delayed onset muscle soreness” (DOMS). The efficacy of herbal preparations in subjects suffering from DOMS has been reported in a few previous studies with small or moderate outcome measures related to muscle recovery. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal mixture containing whole Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L., powders called ReWin(d), in young male athletes suffering from DOMS induced by a 1 h session of plyometric exercises. Methods Thirty-three young male athletes participated in this randomized, Triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial: 17 of them assigned to the ReWin(d) group and 16 of them to the placebo group. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured as a muscle damage marker, pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), muscle performance was measured through half-squat exercise (HS) monitored with an accelerometer (Encoder), and heart rate variability (HRV) was monitored for 5 min with the subjects in the supine position. All determinations were performed before and after the eccentric session and 24, 48, and 72 h after the session. Results The eccentric exercise session caused an increase in CK at 24 and 48 h after exercise intervention in both groups (p < 0.001). There was no interaction between groups regarding muscle damage. The pain increased after the training session in both groups (p < 0.001), and a significant interaction was observed between groups at 48 h after exercise (p = 0.004). Lower limb muscular power showed a significant interaction between groups 24 h after exercise (p = 0.049); the placebo group showed a reduction in muscle power compared to the ReWin(d) group. The LF/HF ratio decreased significantly at 72 h after exercise in the herbal group but not in the placebo group. Conclusion The herbal supplement maintained the maximum power of the lower limbs and attenuated muscle pain. Natural Origins PO_8_7_2019 4.566 JCR (2020) Q1, 14/81 Physiology 1.320 SJR (2020) Q2, 45/178 Physiology No data IDR 2019 UEM

There is some consensus among academics and employers that transversal competencies are one of the key aspects in training people to adapt to the demands of today's world. Universities make a great effort in the design of training programs, in preparing their teachers in training methodologies and in the evaluation systems to guarantee that their graduates acquire an adequate level of these skills. However, there are few studies that address the impact of gender and academic degrees on the performance of transversal competencies.This study aims to assess whether gender and degree have any impact on the level of transversal competencies obtained at the end of their higher education studies. To this end, we have evaluated 1,614 final year students from 11 higher education centers using a standardized questionnaire on the competencies of Communication, Leadership, Teamwork, Adaptation to change, Initiative, Problem solving, Decision-making, Planning and Organization. We have carried out a Multivariate Variance Analysis to analyze the effect of gender, degree and the interaction between both factors on the students' competence profile. The results show that men perform better in Leadership, Initiative and Decision-making, whereas women score better in Planning and Teamwork skills. Students of Social Sciences degrees have a poorer performance in the competencies than students of Health Sciences and Technical Education. In Planning, women perform better, regardless of the degree, compared to men.

Background: The aim of the study was to describe and correlate the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial fascia thickness assessed by ultrasonography (US) with the lumbar erector spinae muscles contractile properties evaluated by tensiomyography (TMG). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with 50 healthy participants was performed. The point of maximum lordosis in the lumbar region of the right erector spinae was evaluated by US and TMG. First, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial fascia thicknesses (cm) were assessed by US. Second, the five contractile TMG parameters were analyzed from the right erector spinae muscles belly displacement-time curves: maximal radial displacement (Dm), contraction time (Tc), sustain time (Ts), delay time (Td), and half-relaxation time (Tr). Finally, correlation analyses using Pearson (r for parametric data) and Spearman (rs for non-parametric data) coefficients were performed. Results: A strong negative correlation was shown between Dm and subcutaneous tissue thickness (rs=-0.668; P.05). Conclusion: Therefore, the lumbar erector spinae contractile properties during TMG assessments, especially Dm and Tr, may be widely correlated by the skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness. Contexto: O estudo foi elaborado para descrever e correlacionar a pele, o tecido subcutâneo e a espessura da fascia superficial avaliados pelo ultrassom (EUA) com as propriedades contráteis do músculo eretor da coluna lombar avaliadas por tensiomiografia (TMG). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal com 50 participantes saudáveis. O ponto de lordose máxima na região lombar da coluna ereta direita foi avaliado pelos EUA e TMG. Primeiro, a pele, o tecido subcutâneo e as espessuras da fáscia superficial (cm) foram avaliadas pelos EUA. Em segundo lugar, os cinco parâmetros TMG contráteis foram analisados a partir das curvas de deslocamento-tempo da barriga do músculo eretor da espinha direita: deslocamento radial máximo (Dm), tempo de contração (Tc), tempo de sustentação (Ts), tempo de atraso (Td) e meio tempo de relaxamento (Tr). Finalmente, foram realizadas análises de correlação usando os coeficientes Pearson (r para dados paramétricos) e Spearman (rs para dados não paramétricos). Resultados: Uma correlação forte negativa foi mostrada entre Dm e espessura subcutânea do tecido (rs = −0,668; P < 0,001). Além disso, foram observadas correlações moderadas negativas entre Dm e espessura da pele (r = −0,329; P = 0,020), bem como a espessura subcutânea do tecido (rs = −0,369; P = 0,008). O restante dos parâmetros não mostrou correlações estatisticamente significativas (P > 0,05). Conclusão: Portanto, as propriedades contráteis do eretor da espinha lombar durante as avaliações TMG, especialmente Dm e Tr, podem ser amplamente correlacionadas com a pele e a espessura subcutânea do tecido. 2015/UEM04 2015/09RM 0.801 JCR (2018) Q4, 130/160 Medicine, General and Internal 0.287 SJR (2018) Q3, 1723/2844 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2018 UEM

Physical inactivity and poor diet cause alterations in body composition, which in turn increases risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sixty-three women from different work environments were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 34) or control (n = 29) group. The intervention was a short-term aerobic exercise program (12 weeks) at their workplace. Participants assigned to the control group did not perform any form of physical exercise. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Questionnaire (KIDMED) and nutrient balance by the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Researchers suggest that a short-term aerobic exercise program produces beneficial effects on body composition. 2016/UEM10 1.373 JCR (2020) Q3, 28/44 Women Studies 0.425 SJR (2020) Q2, 18/35 Health Professions (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2019 UEM

Achieving the recommended levels of physical activity (PA) is associated with better health. Despite this, most undergraduate students report low levels of PA. This study aimed to assess the achievement of recommended PA levels in a wide sample of undergraduate students from Madrid (N = 2960). Overall PA and leisure-time PA (LTPA) were measured with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were performed. It was revealed that 22.4% and 55.6% of overall PA and LTPA, respectively, did not achieve World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. When PA was measured as overall PA, the achievement of the recommended level was positively predicted by male sex, a Body Mass Index (BMI) indicative of normal weight or being overweight, spending less time sitting or reclining, work, and studying health science, social sciences, engineering, or architecture (all p &lt, 0.001, r2 = 0.075). Using LTPA, the positive predictors of achieving recommended PA levels were male sex, having a BMI indicative of normal weight or being overweight, work, studying at a public university, and studying health science (r2 = 0.048). These findings suggest that universities should implement strategies to promote PA.

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) can be a mechanism that develops emotions. Emotional intelligence (EI) is related to significant public health and psychological benefits. However, there is little information about the relationships between PA and EI dimensions: emotional attention, clarity, and repair. This study examined the possible relationships between these variables in undergraduate students from Madrid. As a secondary aim, sex differences in PA domains and EI dimensions were examined.MethodsA total of 2960 (21.34 ± 4.34 years) undergraduate students from Madrid (Spain) fulfilled the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). We used a MANOVA to compare EI and PA levels according to sex. Different linear regressions were conducted to calculate the PA and age prediction power based on EI.ResultsWe found a significant association between EI dimensions and PA levels, although these relationships were small. Fully adjusted linear regression showed that sex and leisure-time PA (LTPA) were associated of emotional attention (r2c = .025). Sex, age, and LTPA were associated of emotional repair (r2c = .024). There were statistically significant differences in EI by sex (p ≤ .001; η2p =.039), with higher scores in emotional attention for women (p ≤ .001) and emotional clarity (p ≤ .001) and repair (p ≤ .001) for men. PA levels differed according to sex (p ≤ .001; η2p =.038). Men show higher scores in LTPA levels (p = .002) and occupational PA (p ≤ .001).ConclusionsUndergraduate students with higher levels of LTPA showed a better score on EI, specifically in emotional attention and emotional repair. However, these associations and the predictive power of LTPA regarding emotional attention and emotional repair were weak. Men engaged in more LTPA and occupational PA and had higher emotional clarity and emotional repair than women. However, women had higher emotional attention.

Background: Society demands a university education grounded on ethical principles. Education in ethics values is responsibility of universities but will not be viable unless also adopted by directly responsible agents, the teachers who work with the students. For this reason, our primary research objective was to conduct an in-depth analysis of how Health Sciences students self-perceive the ethical dimension. Methods: A mixed research methodology with two phases, qualitative and quantitative, allowed us to address our research question from two complementary viewpoints. Conversational interviews were conducted in an intentional and purposive sample to identify a wide range of discursive representations. A questionnaire was designed based on previous studies and the topics of qualitative research. The response format for the questionnaire followed a Likert scale and modulators such as sex, age, degree and the score of a social desirability test were examined. Results: After 24 conversational interviews, three main thematic blocks (coinciding with the three subscales of the questionnaire) were identified: “attitudes for harmony in human relations”, “construction of the self” and “rules and regulations”. A total of 246 students completed a questionnaire with 39 items. The total scores ranged from 93 to 152 points, with an average score of 122.72 ± 10.64 points. Responsibility, the basic rules of education and respect were perceived as the two most important values, whereas solidarity and social participation as the least important. Results showed a significant positive linear correlation between total score on the questionnaire and age and social desirability. Age was also a significant predictor for the total score and the subscale score “rules and regulations”. The students´ responses seemed to be conditioned by the degree of social desirability that they present. Conclusions: The ad-hoc questionnaire captured the maintenance of high ethical values in our college undergraduate students, which may be directly related to enhanced social desirability. The scores obtained on the questionnaire were correlated with the students’ age, which may indicate that values might tend to acquire progressively more importance as students grow older. Further research is warranted to delve deeper on the determinants of professionalism and ethical decision-making in college students. 2013/UEM32 2015/UEM41 1.870 JCR (2018) Q2, 18/41 Education, Scientific Disciplines, 79/243 Education & Educational Research 0.802 SJR (2018) Q1, 225/1400; Q2, 794/2844 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2018 UEM

En las últimas décadas las ciudades de dimensión pequeño y medio han recuperado su protagonismo dentro de los sistemas urbanos, tanto en el ámbito científico como en las estrategias de ordenamiento y desarrollo territorial a escala internacional. Estas localidades están adquiriendo preponderancia como componentes destacados de las políticas regionales, incorporándose como actores claves en las posibilidades de despegue industrial de territorios periféricos. Entre los instrumentos tendientes a promover su crecimiento y consolidación,la literatura especializada destaca la conformación de redes institucionales, como un elemento capaz de incentivar la innovación y el cambio tecnológico. El presente trabajo pretende analizar la dinámica de funcionamiento de la red de organizaciones de apoyo a la producción (OAPs) de la localidad de Punta Alta (Argentina), con el propósito de entender en qué medida estas instituciones mejoran las condiciones de competencia y desarrollo del territorio. In the last decades small cities have recovered their importance in urban systems, both in the field of scientific literature as on the plane of development strategies in a world scale. this towns are acquiring preponderance as main components on regional development policies, being recognized as key actors on the stimulation of industrial possibilities for peripheral territories. Among the instruments aimed at promoting growth, the literature emphasizes the creation of institutional networks, as an element capable of encouraging innovation and technological change. This paper analyzes how the institutional networks operate in a small town called Punta Alta in Argentina, trying to understand the way in which these organizations can improve the competitive conditions and development possibilities of this territory. Fil: Diez, Jose Ignacio Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur; Argentina Fil: Lencina, Ezequiel. Ministerio de Defensa; Argentina Fil: Pong, Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur; Argentina

The myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is considered the most common musculoskeletal condition. The lumbopelvic pain (LPP) is established as one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders. Nevertheless, previous research has not yet studied the contractibility changes by tensiomyography between myofascial trigger point (MTrP) types and normal tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the tensiomyography, sonoelastography, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) differences between the palpation area of active and latent MTrPs with regards to control points in the lumbar erector spinae muscles of subjects with LPP. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. A convenience sample of 60 points (20 active MTrPs, 20 latent MTrPs, and 20 control points) was registered bilaterally in the lumbar erector spinae muscles from subjects with nonspecific LPP. The palpation order of active MTrPs, latent MTrPs, or control points was randomized for each side. The outcome assessors were blinded to the order or point type. The outcome measurements order for each point was sonoelastography manual strain index, tensiomyography, and PPT, separated by 15 minutes. Five contractile objective parameters were: maximal radial displacement (Dm), contraction time (Tc), sustain time (Ts), delay time (Td), and half-relaxation time (Tr). Tensiomyography parameters did not show any statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between active MTrPs, latent MTrPs, and control points. Nevertheless, PPT and sonoelastography showed statistically significant differences (P

En las últimas décadas las ciudades de dimensión y rango medio han recuperado su protagonismo dentro de los sistemas urbanos, tanto en el ámbito de la bibliografía científica como en las estrategias de ordenamiento y desarrollo territorial a escala internacional. Al igual que lo sucedido en la década del 60, estas localidades están adquiriendo preponderancia como componentes destacados de las políticas de desarrollo regional, incorporándose como actores clave en las posibilidades de despegue industrial de territorios periféricos, en el contexto de la economía mundial. Entre los instrumentos tendientes a promover su crecimiento y consolidación, la literatura especializada destaca la conformación de redes institucionales, como un elemento capaz de incentivar la innovación y el cambio tecnológico. En este sentido, se sostiene que en las ciudades medias más exitosas a nivel internacional, la existencia de un tejido institucional denso y complejo ha sido determinante para garantizar una adecuada competitividad de base territorial. El presente trabajo pretende analizar la dinámica de funcionamiento de las redes de organizaciones de apoyo a la producción (OAP) de las localidades de Bahía Blanca y Río Cuarto (Argentina), con el propósito de entender en qué medida estas instituciones mejoran las condiciones de competencias y desarrollo de ambos territorios.

Recent advances in genetics and epigenetics have revealed an overlap between molecular and clinical features of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) subtypes, broadening the previous spectrum of PHP genotype-phenotype correlations and indicating limitations of the current classification of the disease.The aim of the study was to screen patients with clinical diagnoses of PHP type I or pseudo-PHP for underlying molecular defects and explore possible correlations between molecular findings and clinical features.We investigated the GNAS locus at the molecular level in 72 affected patients (46 women and 26 men) from 56 nonrelated families. Clinical data were obtained for 63 of these patients (38 women and 25 men).The molecular analysis showed that 35 patients carried structural mutations, 32 had loss of methylation, and 2 had a 2q37 deletion but did not reveal any (epi)mutation for 3 patients. Comparing these results and the clinical data, we observed that a younger age at diagnosis was associated with structural defects at the GNAS gene and epigenetic defects with a diagnosis later in life (9.19 ± 1.64 vs 24.57 ± 2.28 years, P.0001).This first global review of PHP in Spain highlights the importance of a detailed clinical and genetic study of each patient and the integrated analysis of the findings from the two approaches. It may also help geneticists and clinicians to raise the suspicion of PHP earlier, reach more accurate diagnoses, and provide patients with PHP and their families with useful genetic information and counseling, thereby improving outcomes and quality of life.

En las últimas décadas, las ciudades medias han recuperado su protagonismo en los sistemas urbanos, tanto en la bibliografía científica como en las estrategias de ordenamiento y desarrollo territorial a escala internacional. Como sucedió en la década de 1960, dichas localidades están adquiriendo preponderancia como componentes destacados de las políticas de desarrollo regional, al incorporarse como actores clave en las posibilidades de despegue industrial de territorios periféricos. Entre los instrumentos tendientes a promover su crecimiento y consolidación, la literatura especializada destaca la conformación de redes institucionales, como un elemento capaz de incentivar la innovación y el cambio tecnológico. En este sentido, se sostiene que en las ciudades medias más exitosas en el mundo, la existencia de un tejido institucional denso y complejo ha sido determinante para garantizar una competitividad de base territorial adecuada. El presente trabajo pretende analizar la dinámica de funcionamiento de la red de organizaciones de apoyo a la producción de Bahía Blanca, Argentina, con el propósito de entender en qué medida mejora las condiciones de competencia y desarrollo del territorio.

In pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), PTH resistance results from impairment of signal transduction of G protein–coupled receptors caused by a deficiency of the Gsα-cAMP signaling cascade due to diminished Gsα activity in maternally imprinted tissues. In PHP-Ia, inactivating mutations of the GNAS gene lead to haploinsufficiency in some tissues with biallelic expression, so in addition to PHP, Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is also present. In PHP-Ib, caused by methylation defects at the GNAS locus, diminished Gsα activity was thought to be limited to maternally imprinted tissues, such as the renal proximal tubule and the thyroid, leading to a lack of AHO. Recently, we demonstrated methylation defects in patients with AHO signs, indicating a connection between epigenetic changes and AHO. Our objective was to determine Gsα activity in erythrocyte membranes in patients with epigenetic defects at the GNAS locus compared to normal controls and patients with inactivating GNAS mutations. Gsα activity and expression, mutation of the GNAS locus, and methylation status were studied in patients with PHP and mild signs of AHO (PHP-Ia: 12; PHP-Ib: 17, of which 8 had some features of AHO). Then, we statistically compared the Gsα activity of the different PHP subtypes. Patients with methylation defects at the GNAS locus show a significant decrease in erythrocyte Gsα activity compared to normal controls (PHP-Ib versus controls, p

PurposeType I pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP-I) can be subclassified into Ia and Ib, depending on the presence or absence of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy's phenotype, diminished α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα) activity and multihormonal resistance. Whereas PHP-Ia is mainly associated with heterozygous inactivating mutations in Gsα-coding exons ofGNAS, PHP-Ib is caused by imprinting defects ofGNAS. To date, just one patient with PHP and complete paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) has been described.We sought to identify the underlining molecular defect in twenty patients with parathyroid hormone resistance, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, and abnormal methylation pattern at GNAS locus.MethodsMicrosatellite typing and comparative genome hybridization were performed for proband and parents.ResultsWe describe four patients with partial paternal UPD of chromosome 20 involving pat20qUPD in one case, from 20q13.13-qter in two cases, and pat20p heterodisomy plus interstitial 20q isodisomy in one patient.ConclusionsThese observations demonstrate that mitotic recombination of chromosome 20 can also give rise to UPD and PHP, a situation similar to other imprinting disorders, such as Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome or neonatal diabetes.

We examined the association of R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) in the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene with “explosive” leg muscle power performance in a group of male and female elite volleyball players (n=66, 31 men, 35 women) and in a group of non-athletic male and female young adults (n=334, 243 men, 91 women). We assessed power performance by means of the vertical squat and counter-movement jump tests. We also determined whether the genotypic frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X genotypes differed between groups. We did not observe any effect of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism on study phenotypes in both groups, regardless of gender (all P>0.05). Genotype frequencies were similar between volleyball and control groups (P=0.095). Moreover, we did not find an association between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and the likelihood of being an elite volleyball player using the dominant (RR vs RX+XX) and the recessive model (RR+RX vs XX). In summary, these findings suggest that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism does not influence explosive leg muscle power in elite volleyball players.

[Background]: It was hypothesized that asthmatic patients with mutant alleles in the leukotriene pathway should not respond to leukotriene receptor antagonists and the concept of a tailored treatment is increasingly supported. [Methods]: Sixty-one patients (mean age 24.9 years, range 14-52) with moderate persistent asthma were clinical and immunological assess prior and after a 6-month treatment with montelukast. Tandem repeat polymorphisms were genotyped in the promoter (-147 to -176) of 5-lipoxygenase gene (ALOX5). [Results]: Thirty-two patients (52.5%) were homozygous for the five repeats allele; 17 (27.9%) were heterozygous (4/5 repeats) and 12 (19.7%) were homozygous for 4/4 repeats. After the montelukast treatment decrease number of asthma exacerbations, improvement of FEV1 and decreased use of β2 agonists was observed in patients with 5/5 or 4/5 repeats. Conversely, the patients with 4/4 repeats genotype did not modify these data after treatment. [Conclusions]: It was confirmed that ALOX5 promoter polymorphisms have a clear influence in montelukast response in atopic moderate persistent asthma patients. The genetic study could identify those patients most likely to respond to montelukast. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., This work has been partially sponsored by grants of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI05/1746) and Fundacion Sociedad Española de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica (2005).

Autosomal-dominant brachydactyly type E is a congenital limb malformation characterized by small hands and feet as a result of shortened metacarpals and metatarsals. Alterations that predict haploinsufficiency of PTHLH, the gene coding for parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), have been identified as a cause of this disorder in seven families. Here, we report three patients affected with brachydactyly type E, caused by PTHLH mutations expected to result in haploinsufficiency, and discuss our data compared to published reports.

[EN] The main objective of studing the landscape's visuality is to understand what are the links between society and environment. The visual analysis has a strong relation with social studies, thus the visuality needs public participation, not only cartographic analysis. The visuality approach is a qualitive way of reaching the landscape character assessment. This work is based on practical case studies around the eastern region of Spain. The discussion is focused on the categories and the relation of the components of visuality. This study shows the visuality of agricultural and cultural landscapes., [ES] El estudio de la visualidad de un paisaje tiene como principal objetivo el comprender cuáles son los modos reiterantes con los que una sociedad se relaciona con el medio, con su espacio habitado y que en ocasiones son determinantes para la dinámica del paisaje. De este modo se produce una imbricación analítica entre estudios visuales y sociales de percepción, a través de análisis cartográficos y experiencias de participación pública. El estudio de visualidad de un paisaje explora los aspectos cualitativos que definen las relaciones visuales entre el observador y su entorno. La visualidad caracteriza un paisaje, un territorio visualizado, las relaciones espaciales que se producen con mayor frecuencia entre una sociedad y su entorno. En el presente estudio, a partir de un análisis comparativo entre los resultados obtenidos de los estudios territoriales, visuales y de participación pública en los diferentes casos prácticos, se obtienen una serie de categorías de la visualidad del paisaje, es decir, una clasificación de los tipos de modos comunes de percepción del espacio geográfico y se realiza una discusión sobre la relación entre los diferentes componentes de la de la visualidad. La visualidad se estudia en más detalle para el caso de los paisajes agrícolas-culturales., [CAT] L'estudi de la visualitat d'un paisatge té com a principal objectiu comprendre quins són els modes reiterantes amb els què una societat es relaciona amb el seu medi, amb el seu espai habitat i que en ocasions són determinants per a la dinàmica del paisatge. D'aquesta manera es produeix una imbricació analítica entre estudis visuals i socials de percepció, a través d'anàlisis cartogràfics i experiències de participació pública. L'estudi de visualitat d'un paisatge explora els aspectes qualitatius que defineixen les relacions visuals entre l'observador i el seu entorn. La visualitat caracteritza un paisatge, un territori visualitzat, les relacions espacials que es produeixen amb més freqüència entre una societat i el seu entorn. En el present estudi, a partir d'una anàlisi comparativa entre els resultats obtinguts dels estudis territorials, visuals i de participació pública en els diferents casos pràctics, s'obtenen una sèrie de categories de la visualitat del paisatge, és a dir, una classificació dels tipus de maneres comuns de percepció de l'espai geogràfic i es realitza una discussió sobre la relació entre els diferents components de la de la visualitat. La visualitat s'estudia en més detall per al cas dels paisatges agrícoles-culturals., Diez Torrijos, I. (2015). Visualidad de los paisajes agrícolas-culturales [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. doi:10.4995/Thesis/10251/59065., TESIS

BACKGROUND X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) is caused by NR0B1 (DAX1) gene mutations. Affected male children suffer from adrenal insufficiency, leading to a salt-wasting crisis in early infancy and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in adulthood. OBJECTIVE To characterize clinically and at the molecular level a cohort of Spanish patients with AHC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nine boys (from five families) with AHC were screened for NR0B1 mutations. Clinical and endocrine evaluations were recorded. RESULTS NR0B1 gene mutations were found in all analyzed patients, one of them being novel (p.Gln305*). One patient presented with preserved hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Salt-wasting episodes, delayed puberty, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were common, although no association was observed between AHC phenotype and genetic mutations. None of the patients has had descendants. CONCLUSIONS AHC phenotype cannot be predicted based on genetic results as there is no definite genotype-phenotype relationship, including intrafamilial variability. Nevertheless, genetic testing for NR0B1 mutations is indicated if there is a suspicion of an X-linked adrenal insufficiency in order to proceed with the appropriate therapy and genetic counseling.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the normalized response speed (Vrn) of the knee musculature (flexor and extensor) in high competitive level volleyball players using tensiomyography (TMG) and to analyze the muscular response of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) in accordance with the specific position they play in their teams. One hundred and sixty-six players (83 women and 83 men) were evaluated. They belonged to eight teams in the Spanish women's superleague and eight in the Spanish men's superleague. The use of Vrn allows avoiding possible sample imbalances due to anatomical and functional differences and demands. We found differences between Vrn in each of the muscles responsible for extension (VM, RF, and VL) and flexion (BF) regardless of the sex. Normalized response speed differences seem to be larger in setters, liberos and outside players compared to middle blockers and larger in males when compared to females. These results of Vrn might respond to the differences in the physical and technical demands of each specific position, showing an improved balance response of the knee extensor and flexor musculature in male professional volleyball players. The authors would like to thank all the clubs, trainers, and players who took part in this study. This work was supported by the Consejo Superior de Deportes under Grant no. 06/UPR10/10.

El trabajo examina las transformaciones ocurridas en las políticas de desarrollo económico durante el siglo XX, poniendo especial énfasis en los cambios sufridos por la disciplina conocida como planificación del desarrollo. Específicamente, se analizan los cambios de perspectiva que atravesaron esta área del conocimiento, desde los enfoques denominados de “arriba hacia abajo” a aquellos conocidos como de “abajo hacia arriba”. En este sentido, se describen los principales rasgos y características de los enfoques de crecimiento equilibrado, desequilibrado y de la teoría de los polos de crecimiento. A su vez, también se analizan los fundamentos de la teoría del desarrollo económico local, sus principales fortalezas y debilidades poniendo especial atención en la experiencia latinoamericana. Por último, se plantea la necesidad de avanzar en la construcción nuevos marcos conceptuales que permitan superar controversias y aprender de la experiencia histórica. This article explores the transformations in developmental planning policies throughout the 20th century -with a special focus on the changes occurred within the discipline known as “developmental planning”-. To be more precise, changes in the approaches within this field of study will be ined ―including “top-down” and “bottom-up” perspectives―. To that end, I will review the defining features of approaches such as “balanced growth”, “unbalanced growth” and the “theory of growth poles”. Likewise, I will deal with the main tenets of the theory of local economic development, its strengths and weaknesses, where I will pay special attention to the Latin American experience. Finally, this article will ponder over the necessity to construct new conceptual frameworks that help to transcend controversies and to learn from past experiences. O trabalho examina as transformações ocorridas nas políticas de desenvolvimento económico durante o século XX, dando ênfase às mudanças sofridas pela disciplina conhecida como planificação do desenvolvimento. Especificamente, analisam-se as mudanças de perspectivas que atravessaram esta área do conhecimento, a partir dos enfoques denominados “de cima para baixo” àqueles conhecidos como “de baixo para cima”. Neste sentido, descrevem-se os principais traços e características dos enfoques de crescimento equilibrado, desequilibrado e da teoria dos polos de crescimento. Por sua vez, também se analisam os fundamentos da teoria do desenvolvimento econômico local e seus pontos altos e baixos, dando especial atenção à necessidade de avançar na construção de novos marcos conceituais que permitam superar controvérsias e aprender pela experiência histórica. Fil: Diez, Jose Ignacio Manuel. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Gutierrez, Ricardo Raul. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Pazzi, Andrés. Organización de Las Naciones Unidas; Argentina

Background Tensiomyography (TMG) is an innovative tool to control athletic training, and prevent and follow up muscular injuries. The reliability and validity for different population (sport modality, physical activity level, medical history, body composition, etc.) have been reported (Rodriguez-Matoso et al ., 2012; Tous-Fajardo et al ., 2010). Body composition of individuals may determine the mechanical response of muscular contraction produced by electrical stimulation. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of the values of fat percentage (%F), front thigh skinfold (FTS) and thigh girth (TG) to the maximal radial deformation (Dm) of the Rectus Femoris (RF) obtained using TMG. Methods A total of 193 participants were assessed: 132 high performance volleyball players (79 male, and 53 female), and 61 Sport Sciences college students (40 male, and 21 female). Anthropometric variables (%F, FTS, and TG) where assessed following the ISAK guidelines (Marfell-Jones, 2001) by a certified instructor (level 3). Faulkner9s equation was used to calculate %F, and the TMG was used following Rodriguez-Matoso et al (2012) guidelines. Pearson correlation was assessed for statistical analysis using the SPSS v.19.0 with a level of signification p≤0.05. Results Results did not show differences between total sample and gender-related samples (FTS vs Dm: r 2=0.0096; p=0.19, y %G vs Dm: r 2 Conclusions In conclusion, the results point that Dm in this population is not affected by body composition variables such %F, FTS, or TG.