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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent global one health challenge and irrational and over use of antimicrobials in livestock production and human medicine is contributing to this problem. This online questionnaire was part of a large interdisciplinary research project on the drivers for AMR and the role of livestock and poultry production in India (see www.liverpool.ac.uk/infection-and-global-health/research/darpi/) involving multiple UK and Indian partners, with this specific survey led by the University of Liverpool, University of Edinburgh and the Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University. This study was designed to help us understand how and what veterinary students are taught, their knowledge and attitudes around AMR and antimicrobial use. Participates were invited to take part in this study if they had recently graduated or were near to the completion of their veterinary course and will be a future prescriber and therefore represent a important stakeholder.

The diversity status of local goats of Karnataka was studied by using microsatellite marker analysis. The genomic DNA from unrelated local goats were PCR- amplified with a panel of 23 microsatellite markers. Microsatellite PCR products were multiplexed and run on capillary based genetic analyser and the raw data obtained was analysed. Totally 158 alleles were observed and the number of alleles ranged from three (ILSTS005 and OarJMP29) to 13 (RM088). The number of effective alleles ranged from 2.25 (ILSTS005) to 8.40 (RM088) in all the 23 loci studied. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.4698±0.2214 [range 0 (ETH225) to 0.8462 (ILSTS034)] and the mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.7471± 0.1098 [range 0.5656 (ILSTS005) to 0.9138 (SRCRSP 8)] indicating the heterogenous nature of the local goat population of Karnataka.