Search

Solvent-free inorganic-organic hybrid polymers were prepared for digital light processing (DLP) and ink-jet printing. The resins were characterized in terms of viscosity, surface tension, and refractive index. Optical bulk components were prepared with both printing techniques and compared regarding their surface roughness and optical scattering. The haze of DLP-samples can be avoided by inkjet 3D printing. Moreover, different quantum dots (QD) could be incorporated into resins; DLP resulted in complex 3D assemblies.

Chronic infection as a result of bacterial biofilm formation on implanted medical devices is a major global healthcare problem requiring new biocompatible, biofilm-resistant materials. Here we demonstrate how bespoke devices can be manufactured through ink-jet-based 3D printing using bacterial biofilm inhibiting formulations without the need for eluting antibiotics or coatings. Candidate monomers were formulated and their processability and reliability demonstrated. Formulations for in vivo evaluation of the 3D printed structures were selected on the basis of their in vitro bacterial biofilm inhibitory properties and lack of mammalian cell cytotoxicity. In vivo in a mouse implant infection model, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on poly-TCDMDA was reduced by ∼99% when compared with medical grade silicone. Whole mouse bioluminescence imaging and tissue immunohistochemistry revealed the ability of the printed device to modulate host immune responses as well as preventing biofilm formation on the device and infection of the surrounding tissues. Since 3D printing can be used to manufacture devices for both prototyping and clinical use, the versatility of ink-jet based 3D-printing to create personalised functional medical devices is demonstrated by the biofilm resistance of both a finger joint prosthetic and a prostatic stent printed in poly-TCDMDA towards P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council del Reino Unido-EP/I033335/2, EP/N024818/1, EP/P031684/1 y EP/L015072/1 Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Joint Awards del Reino Unido-103882/Z/14/Z y 103884/Z/14/Z

Predmet završnog rada je izrada digitalne kampanje na primjeru tvrtke Codeart Nova i novo uvedenog brenda proizvoda Limitronic. Codeart Nova varaždinska je tvrtka osnovana 2019. godine podjelom stare tvrtke Code-art koja je poslovala od 2000. godine. Poduzeće se bavi prodajom sustava za automatsko identificiranje proizvoda, te prodajom njihovih repro i potrošnih materijala. Digitalni marketing je pojam koji obuhvaća sve vrste promocija poduzeća, proizvoda ili usluga koje se pružaju preko različitih digitalnih kanala kao što su društvene mreže, plaćeni oglasi, web stranice i e-mail. Digitalni marketing postaje popularan nakon što se dogodio nagli rast informatičke tehnologije, te su iz toga razloga mnoge velike svijetske kompanije odlučile oglašavati se isključivo preko kanala digitalnog marketinga. U današnje se vrijeme digitalni marketing pokazao kao isplativiji i jednostavniji način oglašavanja od nekih klasičnih procesa oglašavanja. Sve većim širenjem interneta i društvenih mreža masovno raste i područje digitalnog marketinga. U završnom će se radu detaljno analizirati stanje proizvoda i usluga na hrvatskom tržištu, odrediti pravilne metode distribucije i ciljanu skupinu, definirati će se precizna strategija oglašavanja i njezini kratkoročni i dugoročni prodajni ciljevi. Iznesti će se pozicija proizvoda i usluga na tržištu, te ciljevi digitalne kampanje. Za uspješnost kampanje napraviti će se kreativna digitalna rješenja koja će privući potencijalne korisnike. Na kraju kampanje iznesti će se proračun cijele kampanje oglašavanja, te provedbe i kontrole marketinških aktivnosti. Subject of this undergraduate thesis is the creation of a online digital campaign on the example of Codeart Nova and the recently introduced „Limitronic“ product brand. Codeart Nova from Varaždin is a company founded in 2019. Codeart Nova was founded by separation of Code-Art company, which has been operating since 2000. Codeart Nova sells automatic product identification systems and their labels and ribbons. Digital marketing is a term that includes all types of promotions of companies, products and services. These promotions are all provided through various digital channels such as social networks, ads, websites and e-mail adresses. Digital marketing became popular after the rapid growth of information technology and many large global companies decided to advertise exclusively through digital channels. Today, digital marketing has proven to be more cost-effective and much simpler way of advertising than classic marketing. With the fast expansion of the Internet and social networks, field of digital marketing is rapidly growing. Undergraduate thesis will give detailed analysis on the state of products and services on the Croatian market. It will define the correct distribution methods, target audiences and marketing strategy, as well as company short-term and long-term sales goals. To make this campaign more successful creative digital solutions will be created. Online Campaign will include the advertising budget and the control of marketing activities.

Metal halide perovskites have raised huge excitement in the field of emerging photovoltaic technologies. The possibility of fabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on lightweight, flexible substrates, with facile processing methods, provides very attractive commercial possibilities. Nevertheless, efficiency values for flexible devices reported in the literature typically fall short in comparison to rigid, glass‐based architectures. Here, a solution‐processable fullerene derivative, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid n‐hexyl ester (PCBC6), is reported as a highly efficient alternative to the commonly used n‐type materials in perovskite solar cells. The cells with the PCBC6 layer deliver a power conversion efficiency of 18.4%, fabricated on a polymer foil, with an active area of 1 cm2. Compared to the phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester benchmark, significantly enhanced photovoltaic performance is obtained, which is primarily attributed to the improved layer morphology. It results in a better charge extraction and reduced nonradiative recombination at the perovskite/electron transporting material interface. Solution‐processed PCBC6 films are uniform, smooth and displayed conformal capping of perovskite layer. Additionally, a scalable processing of PCBC6 layers is demonstrated with an ink‐jet printing technique, producing flexible PSCs with efficiencies exceeding 17%, which highlights the prospects of using this material in an industrial process.

From past to nowadays due to the developments of production technologies at ceramic tile industry, products and design of them have been changed. At beginning the decoration of tiles by brush application has started to design in a wider range by the potentials of screen printing, rotary screens, rotocolor and today ink-jet printing technologies, respectively. As seen from the ceramic exhibitions by the utilities of ink-jet printing technololgy, now tiles take part in our living spaces with their appereances as a very good imitations of wood, marble and natural stones. This technology provides production of tile at 57 m2/ min. and 360 dpi resolutions. Also due to the many conveniences it is accepted as a revolution at ceramic tile industry. The products or production technologies at ceramic tile industry is occasionally used as a tool for expressing themselves of artists. In this paper, that we understand the inkjet technology does not use in artist with lots of reasons and usage of ink-jet machines could be an alternative expression tool for artistic production is discussed and the experiences at application is described.

[EN] The ceramic tile industry has become a very competitive market. Europe, which in the past was the leader in ceramic tile production, is now challenged by the expansion of other ceramic industries all over the world, such as China, India, Brazil, Turkey and Vietnam. This rivalry between countries all around the world, has been stimulating the development of new technological advancements in such industry over the last twenty years. One of the latest and most important technological advancements has been the introduction of digital inkjet printers into the production chains of ceramic tile industries, which has been revolutionising the ceramic decoration sector ever since its introduction during the beginning of the 20th century, with Spain and Italy as pioneers. Moreover, inkjet printers have also proved their suitability and efficiency for production of printed electronics and printing of functional materials. This kind of technological developments and the integration of functionalities onto ceramics is becoming key for tile producers as will be shown later. Thus, the aim of this project is to incorporate and embed conductive patterns in porcelain stoneware tiles by using a drop-on-demand inkjet printer, in order to design solutions to facilitate the integration of photovoltaic, energy storage and energy efficiency technologies in ceramic tiles. In order to control and analyse spreading and penetration of the ink on the substrate, the optimal inks for the purpose will be selected in order to achieve optimal results and initiate the industrial validation process later. This is a first step that when achieved will foster different new applications and possibilities for the development of ceramic tiles with technological added value in the ceramic tile industry in Valencia (Spain).

Nazivom završnoga rada Utjecaj strukture tekstila na otisak digitalnom ink-jet tehnikom ţeljelo se objediniti tehničke, tehnološke i umjetničke aspekte tekstilno-tehnološke tehnologije, što ujedno implicira poznavanje svih spektara spomenute tehnologije. U radu će se ispitivati način i kvaliteta ink-jet tiska na različitim vrstama tekstilnih materijala, pritom će se analizirati cjeloukupni proces, od odabira tekstilnih materijala, crtanja rada za tisak do, konačno, krajnjega eksperimentalnog ispitivanja tekstilnih materijala. Cilj rada bio je izučiti mnoge aspekte modnoga svijeta, od umjetničkoga stvaranja skice pa do tehnologije ink-jet tiska, te ih objediniti u jednu temu., The final paper entitled Influence of Textile Structure on Digital Ink-jet Printing aims to combine technical, technological and artistic aspects of textile technology, implying knowledge of all parts of said technology. The paper examines ink-jet printing methods and quality on different types of textile materials, while analysing the entire process from selecting textile materials, designing for print, to finally experimentally testing textile materials. The aim of the paper was to study many aspects of the world of fashion, from artistic sketching all the way to ink-jet printing technology, and integrating them into a single topic.

Elektronik stößt immer öfter an die Grenzen der möglichen Band-breite und Anwendungskompatibilität. Um diese Grenzen zu überwinden, sind Lichtwellenleiter eine mögliche Alternative -- aber diese werden nach wie vor als individuelle Kabel verwendet, und erreichen noch nicht den Integrationsgrad, welcher in Herstellung und Anwendung bei Elektronik üblich ist. Hier ist eine Technologie nötig, welche die Herstellung integrierter Lichtwellenleiter auf planaren Substraten in einer technologisch und industriell sinnvollen Weise ermöglicht. In dieser Dissertation werden mehrere vielversprechende Technologien, welche diese Anforderungen erfüllen können, verglichen, und Tintenstrahldruck als vielversprechendste ausgewählt. Mehrere optisch transparente Tinten wurden untersucht -- zwei kommerziell verfügbare, lösungsmittelbasierte Tinten, und eine lösungsmittelfreie Formulierung, welche am Institut entwickelt wurde. Hier wird die für Tintenstrahldruck nötige Viskosität mittels einem Reaktivverdünner erreicht. Zwei der Tinten wurden zum Drucken von Linien verwendet, welche dann auf ihre lichtleitenden Fähigkeiten hin untersucht wurden. Das lösungsmittelfreie Material wurde für weitere Experimente ausgesucht, da es sich als geeigneter für das gewählte PMMA-Substrat herausstellte. Nachdem ungeschirmte Lichtleiter erfolgreich hergestellt werden konnten, wurden mehrere Konzepte für eine gedruckte untere und obere Mantellage evaluiert. Eine Ausführung mit tintenstrahlgedrucktem Kern, tintenstrahlgedruckter oberer Mantellage, aber der Substratfolie als untere Mantellage zeigte sich hier am geeignetsten. Testmuster unterschiedlicher Längen wurden hergestellt, und die Licht-leitungseigenschaften gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine relativ hohe Dämpfung von 1.4 dB/cm, mit der Volumendämpfung der ge-wählten Tinte als Hauptursache. Anders als elektrische Leiterbahnen benötigen Lichtwellenleiter eine gewisse Höhe, um Licht zu führen und das Ein- und Auskoppeln zu ermöglichen. Mit Tintenstrahldruck ist diese Anforderung nicht leicht zu erfüllen, da mehrere übereinandergedruckte, flüssige Schichten die Tendenz haben, zu zerfließen, und sich auf dem Substrat auszu-breiten. Zwei Methoden, um das Verhalten der Tinten auf der Substratfolie zu steuern, wurden erarbeitet und untersucht: Thermisch induziertes Pinning, und die sogenannte $\textit{Lightplate}$. Die erste Methode nutzt Wärme und Zeit, um Pinning an der Kante einer gedruckten Linie zu erzeugen. Indem eine gewisse Zeit zwi-schen dem Drucken einzelner Schichten abgewartet wird, breitet sich die Kante einer gedruckten, mehrlagigen Linie weniger weit auf dem Substrat aus. Im Ergebnis zeigen nacheinander gedruckte Schichten ein höheres Aspektverhältnis. Die Zweite Methode, die $\textit{Lightplate}$, ist ein Gerät, bei der eine transparente Substratplatte verwendet wird, um UV-Licht durch Totalreflexion an der Oberfläche und metallischer Reflexion an den Kanten zu sammeln. Wenn ein Tropfen einer UV-polymerisierbaren Flüssigkeit auf der Oberfläche der $\textit{Lightplate}$ landet, wird die Totalreflexion gebrochen, und das Licht koppelt in den Tropfen ein, wo es eine Polymerisationsreaktion auslöst. Ein Prototyp wurde gebaut, um zu evaluieren, ob das Konzept fähig ist, die Form von gedruckten Strukturen zu beeinflussen. Polymerisation konnte gezeigt werden, ein Einfluss auf die Form allerdings nicht. Um den ersten Schritt zu einem Netzwerk von Lichtwellenleitern mit integrierten funktionalen Elementen zu machen, wurde eine Licht-quelle entwickelt. Nachdem das Konzept einer chipbasierten, wellenleiterintegrierten Diode wegen zu hoher Komplexität in Herstellung und der nötigen Versorgung mit elektrischem Strom auf dem Polymersubstrat verworfen wurde, trat eine viel einfachere Lösung hervor. Indem ein fluoreszentes Material auf gedruckte Lichtwellenleiter aufgebracht wurde, konnte eine Lichtquelle realisiert werden, die weder elektrische Energie noch präzise Ausrichtung benötigt. Tinten mit roten und blauen Fluorophoren wurden charakterisiert, und das rote Material wurde verwendet, um einen robusten Prototypen eines Lichtwellenleiters mit integrierter Lichtquelle vollständig mittels Tintenstrahldruck herzustellen.

Skrivena slika po postupku INFRAREDESIGN® ugrađuje se u proizvode od kože i tekstila. Noviji modeli velikih pisača imaju i osam bojila koja su detaljno istražena obzirom na odazivanje u vizualnom (VIS) i bliskom infracrvenom spektru (NIR). Novi dizajn uvodi sliku, nazvanu „Z“ koja se gnijezdi u tisak kao skrivena od gledanja golim okom. Slika Z se prepoznaje s NIR kamerom. Novi proizvodi proizvedeni s postupkom ove patentne prijave nose elemente zaštitnog tiska čime se proširuju metode forenzičkog utvrđivanja autentičnosti originala. Štiti se autor i vlasnik uradaka od tekstila i kože.

Metal halide perovskites have raised huge excitement amongst emerging photovoltaic technologies. The possibility of fabricating perovskite solar cells on light-weight, flexible substrates, with facile processing methods, provides very attractive commercial perspectives. Nevertheless, efficiency values for flexible devices reported in literature typically are falling short in comparison to rigid, glass-based architecture. Here, a solution-processable fullerene derivative, [6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid hexyl ester (PCBC6), is reported as a highly efficient alternative to the commonly used n-type materials in perovskite solar cells. The cells with the PCBC6 layer deliver a power conversion efficiency of 18.4%, fabricated on a polymer foil, with an active area of 1 cm². Compared to the PCBM benchmark, significantly enhanced photovoltaic performance is obtained, which is primarily attributed to the improved layer morphology. It results in a better charge extraction and reduced non-radiative recombination at the perovskite/ETM interface. Solution-processed PCBC6 films were uniform, smooth and displayed conformal capping of perovskite layer. Additionally, a scalable processing of PCBC6 layers is demonstrated with an ink-jet printing technique, producing flexible PSCs with efficiencies exceeding 17%, which highlights the prospects of using this material in an industrial process.

The paper reports a capacitive sensor for measuring liquid level which was fully fabricated with the inkjet printing technology. The liquid level measurement based on capacitive sensing is already well known technique. The novelty of presented capacitive sensor is used technology, obtained structure flexibility and its dimension. The sensor structure was printed on a thin Kapton substrate with dimensions of 210 mm x 12 mm, and the thickness approximately 27 μm. The sensor was tested on a vessel witch was filled and emptied with water. The tests shown sensor linearity in liquid level sensing and the lack of hysteresis. Obtained sensitivity of the prototype sensor was approximately 74·10-3 pF/mm. The sensor structure can be applied to any shape of vessel. Furthermore, its construction is very simple and in mass production costs could be extremely low. This type of sensor was designed especially for autonomous cleaning and washing machines for large areas.

An eddy current sensor with an ink-jet printed flexible inductor has been designed and fabricated. The inductor has been designed by means of software developed in-house. It has been fabricated by ink-jet printing with silver ink on a flexible substrate. The inductor is a part of the oscillator circuit whose oscillating frequency is measured by a microcontroller. The sensor characteristics have been analyzed for two types of application. The first considered application is the displacement of a large conductive target in a direction perpendicular to the inductor plane. The second considered application is the displacement of a small steel ball parallel to the inductor plane. Inductance and oscillating frequency have been measured in order to completely characterize the sensor. The obtained results validate the use of the sensor for both considered applications, and are in good agreement with the simulations. The advantages of this type of sensor are low cost, the possibility for the inductor to match any curved surface and flexibility and precision of the inductor design.

[EN] This Master’s degree final work has as a purpose, to valorate the practical application of the color transfer ink - jet as a cromatic reintegration method to repair in mural painting. It is a continuation of another studies performed by the Departamento de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales de la Universitat Politècnica de València , which started a new protocol of intervention based on previous work to rebuild pictorial gaps through digital i mpressions. This work is focused on a concrete case inside the reintegration general process of mural painting that compound the pictorial ensemble of the San Nicolás church, proposed as an experimental trial inside the general reintegration process of th e whole mural ensemble, who mainly looks for the picture continuity without problems caused by surface pictorial gaps which could change the aesthetycal purpose that the artist was looking for, using digital rebuilding by means of the transfer system ink - jet application in one of the pilasters. Research have been based on the theoretical framework of the digital impressions and the pilasters conservation state . Through the valoration of the results we obtained during our trials, we determined the viabilit y of this technique, [ES] En el presente trabajo final de máster se expone el desarrollo de la metodología de los sistemas de reintegración digital, aplicada a un caso real como es el empleo de transferencias ink-jet en la Iglesia de San Nicolás de Valencia.

A gas sensor formed by a Platinum (Pt) nanoparticle film and a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) polymer layer is discussed in this paper. The Platinum nanoparticles which have been produced by a modified magnetron sputtering technique are deposited on flexible polyimide substrate. The substrate has been initially patterned with gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). A second layer of PHEMA polymer has been delivered on top of the Pt nanoparticles using an ink-jet micro printer. By taking advantage of PHEMA's known susceptibility in alcohol or humidity vapors, chemical gas sensors of varying sensitivity can be produced by controlling the nanoparticle deposition time. As a result an inexpensive alternative to gas sensors using conventional silicon technology can be realized.

Printing systems operate in general as a system of color its color scale is limited as compared with the system color satellite images. Satellite image is building from very small cell named pixel, which represents the picture element and the unity of color when the image is displayed on the screen, this unit becomes lesser in size and called screen point. This unit posseses different size and shape from the method of printing to another, depending on the output resolution, tools and materials of each system scribal. Lithography using ink pasta, the laser uses a powder color. Ink-jet uses liquid inks water and photography based on the optically sensitive colors. All of these factors and substances affect the quality of the printed image. In this paper different printing systems were used to print an image of SPOT-4 satellite, caver part of Sharm Elshekh area, Sinai, Egypt, on the same type of paper as much as possible, especially in the photography. This step is followed by measuring the experimental data, and analyzed colors to determine the best printing systems for satellite image printing data. The laser system is the more printing system where produce a wider range of color and highest densities of ink and access much color detail. Followed by the offset system which it recorded the best dot gain. Moreover, the study shows that it can use the advantages of each method according to the satellite image color and quantity to be produced.

A new set of different ink-jet inks to be apply as a 3D object and extrafine layers to protect the decoration made by ink-jet technology. These new inks are obtained through the development of new frits based on monophasic crystal vitro structures that allows ceramic effects obtained via digital decoration. The new inks improve the ability of application by ink-jet heads in order to achieve aesthetics and decorative effects than those obtained with conventional decoration.Se han desarrollado un conjunto de diferentes tintas ink-jet, para aplicar como objeto 3D y capas extrafinas con el fin de proteger la decoración realizada mediante tecnología ink-jet. Estas nuevas tintas se obtienen a través del desarrollo de nuevas fritas basadas en estructuras vitro cristalinas monofásicas que permiten obtener efectos cerámicos mediante decoración digital. Las nuevas tintas mejoran la capacidad de aplicación mediante cabezales ink-jet con el fin de conseguir efectos estéticos y decorativos superiores a los obtenidos con la decoración convencional.

We present a systematic study of the influence of material composition and ink-jet processing conditions on the charge transport in bottom-gate field-effect transistors based on blends of 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) and polystyrene. After careful process optimizations of blending ratio and printing temperature we routinely can make transistors with an average mobility of 1 cm2/Vs (maximum value 1.5 cm2/Vs), on/off ratio exceeding 107, and sharp turn-on in current (sub-threshold slopes approaching 60 mV/decade). These characteristics are superior to the TIPS-PEN only transistors. Using channel scaling measurements and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, the sharp turn-on in current in the blends is attributed to a contact resistance that originates from a thin insulating layer between the injecting contacts and the semiconductor channel.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) antennas for HF and UHF frequencies are ink-jet printed using commercially available silver nanoparticle ink. Quality factors of 5.3 and 9.4 are obtained for coil antennas targeted for 13.56 MHz when the printing and sintering process is repeated two and three times, respectively. The measured maximum effective aperture of the printed UHF antenna is only some decibels lower than that of an equivalent etched copper antenna and the maximum reading distance with 0.5 W (ERP) transmitted power is 3 m for continuous reading. These results suggest that obtaining a low enough series resistance for printed coils is challenging while printed RFID antennas for UHF do not set as strict requirements on conductivity. With a perfectly optimized structure, a UHF tag antenna printed in just one layer of ink can be practically equal in performance with the traditional etched copper and aluminum tags.

Conductive tattoo nanosheets are fabricated on top of decal transfer paper and transferred on target surfaces as temporary transfer tattoos. Circuits are patterned with ink-jet printing. Tattoo nanosheets are envisioned as unperceivable human-device interfaces because of conformal adhesion to complex surfaces including skin. They are tested as dry electrodes for surface electromyography (sEMG), which permits the control of a robotic hand.

Razvojem digitalnih sustava obrade i prijenosa podataka i u grafičkoj tehnologiji je došlo do radikalnih promjena u orijentaciji grafičke struke sa prethodnoga usmjerenja primarno orijentiranog prema strojarstvu i kemijskoj tehnologiji, prema informacijskim i digitalnim tehnologijama. Tako se ističu CtP tehnologije, a posebno, nakon najzastupljenije elektrofotografske tehnologije, ink-jet tehnologija tiska, koja se pokazala posebno pogodnom prilikom tiska, primjenom različitih vrsta bojila, na različite materijale bez obzira na strukturu ili debljinu tiskovne podloge. Ink-jet tehnika je vrlo rasprostranjena. Susrećemo ih od malih pisača, pa sve do strojeva koji tiskaju i do 20 metara duge gigantografije (npr. plakati uz prometnice). Najčešće tehnologije inkjet tiska jesu: termički ink-jet (Bubble Jet), piezo ink-jet, a nerijetko se susreće elektrostatski ink-jet [1]. Ink-jet tehnika tiska je u stvari pravi beskontaktni tisak. Na signal iz računala, kapljica bojila iz mlaznice dolazi na tiskovnu podlogu te ispisuje red po red otiska. Danas su tehnika i tehnologija toliko uznapredovale da se mogu ostvariti otisci vrlo visoke kvalitete, pri čemu tisak kolor ne predstavlja nikakav problem ni na različitim vrstama tiskovnih podloga., With the development of the digital data processing and transfer systems, graphic technology experienced radical changes in the graphic profession’s orientation. Its direction changed from being primarily oriented towards civil engineering and chemical technology to being oriented towards the information and digital technologies. Thus the CtP technologies are pointed out – after the predominant electro photographic technology, the ink-jet printing technology in particular. It proved as particularly suitable in printing with various types of dyestuff on various materials regardless the structure or the thickness of the printing base. The ink-jet technique is very widespread. It can be found in the whole range of printers – from the small ones up to the machines that can print up to 20 meters long giantographs (exp. billboards beside the roads). The most often technologies of the ink-jet printing are: the thermal ink-jet (Bubble Jet), piezo ink-jet, and, not rarely, one can find the electrostatic ink-jet [1]. The ink-jet printing technique is actually the real contactless print. At the signal from the computer a drop of ink from the nozzle comes to the printing base and prints one printing line after another. Today the technique and technology are so advanced that one can make prints of very high quality, whereby printing in colour does not represent any problem even on the various types of printing materials.

Razvojem digitalnih sustava obrade i prijenosa podataka i u grafičkoj tehnologiji je došlo do radikalnih promjena u orijentaciji grafičke struke sa prethodnoga usmjerenja primarno orijentiranog prema strojarstvu i kemijskoj tehnologiji, prema informacijskim i digitalnim tehnologijama. Tako se ističu CtP tehnologije, a posebno, nakon najzastupljenije elektrofotografske tehnologije, ink-jet tehnologija tiska, koja se pokazala posebno pogodnom prilikom tiska, primjenom različitih vrsta bojila, na različite materijale bez obzira na strukturu ili debljinu tiskovne podloge. Ink-jet tehnika je vrlo rasprostranjena. Susrećemo ih od malih pisača, pa sve do strojeva koji tiskaju i do 20 metara duge gigantografije (npr. plakati uz prometnice). Najčešće tehnologije inkjet tiska jesu: termički ink-jet (Bubble Jet), piezo ink- jet, a nerijetko se susreće elektrostatski ink- jet [1]. Ink-jet tehnika tiska je u stvari pravi beskontaktni tisak. Na signal iz računala, kapljica bojila iz mlaznice dolazi na tiskovnu podlogu te ispisuje red po red otiska. Danas su tehnika i tehnologija toliko uznapredovale da se mogu ostvariti otisci vrlo visoke kvalitete, pri čemu tisak kolor ne predstavlja nikakav problem ni na različitim vrstama tiskovnih podloga.

Čudesan i nezaustavljiv razvoj tehnologije omogućio nam je „otkriće“ i razvoj tehnologije trodimenzionalnog tiska. Tisak takozvanih 3D objekata ima široku primjenu, a potreba za njima sve više i više raste, proporcionalno sa sve većom dostupnosti ove tehnike. 3D objekti otiskuju se na 3D pisaču koji radi na principu ink-jet pisača. Takvi objekti građeni su od kompozitnog materijala temeljenog na prahu i vezivu koji je sposoban izraditi oblike kompleksne geometrije. Ovaj završni rad bavi se osnovama metoda 3D modeliranja koje su sastavni dio cijelog procesa izrade 3D objekata. Modeliranje je obavljeno u 3D Studio Max programskom paketu koji je korišten za izradu 3D modela nožića za otvaranje pošte.

Barkod je vrsta šifre kod koje se riječi, rečenice te njihovi dijelovi, slova i brojevi otvorenog teksta zamjenjuju grupama slova ili brojki odnosno kodnim zamjenama. Kodovi su namijenjeni osiguranju tajnosti sadržaja povjerljive poruke (vojne, diplomatske i druge). U ovom radu naglas je na funkcionalnosti barkodova nakon otiskivanja na etikete. Iz tog razloga su rađena ispitivanja kvalitete reprodukcije linija otisnutih na tri različite tiskovne podloge s dvije vrste digitalnog tiska. Digitalni tisak danas je među najzastupljenijim tehnikama otiskivanja. Za otiskivanje simulacije EAN bar koda korištene su ink-jet i laserski tisak, odnosno elektrofotografija.

Osnovne prednosti digitalnih tehnika tiska u odnosu na klasične su brzina izrade otiska, mogućnost varijabilnog tiska te umnažanje malih naklada. U praksi se otisak na tekstil može napraviti na dva načina ; direktnim ili indirektnim otiskivanjem. Za otisak je korištena karakteristična transferna folija „PS BLANC2“ i „White print liner“ (indirektni otisak te „Solvent flag“ (direktni otisak). Cilj istraživanja bio je odrediti razlike u spomenutim postupcima otiskivanja, koji su bili usmjereni na određivanje razlike u obojenju između različitih tiskovnih podloga i standardnih vrijednosti prema normi ISO 12467-2. Rezultati instrumentalne analize izvedeni su spektrofotometrijskim mjerenjima na temelju kojega su izračunate razlike u obojenju CIE ΔE1994. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju odstupanja u reprodukciji boja u odnosu na standardne pretpostavljene vrijednosti boja. Najveća odstupanja ustanovljena su kod „PS BLANC2“ postupka, dok „White printliner“ i „Solventflag“ imaju mnogo manja odstupanja. Usporedbom rezultata može se zaključiti da promjenom tiskovnih podloga dolazi do značajnog odstupanja boje.

We present a systematic study of the influence of material composition and ink-jet processing conditions on the charge transport in bottom-gate field-effect transistors based on blends of 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) and polystyrene. After careful process optimizations of blending ratio and printing temperature we routinely can make transistors with an average mobility of 1 cm2/Vs (maximum value 1.5 cm 2/Vs), on/off ratio exceeding 107, and sharp turn-on in current (sub-threshold slopes approaching 60 mV/decade). These characteristics are superior to the TIPS-PEN only transistors. Using channel scaling measurements and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, the sharp turn-on in current in the blends is attributed to a contact resistance that originates from a thin insulating layer between the injecting contacts and the semiconductor channel. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Osnovne prednosti digitalnih tehnika tiska u odnosu na klasične su brzina izrade otiska, mogućnost varijabilnog tiska te umnažanje malih naklada. U praksi se otisak na tekstil može napraviti na dva načina; direktnim ili indirektnim otiskivanjem. Za otisak je korištena karakteristična transferna folija „PS BLANC2“ i „White print liner“ (indirektni otisak) te „Solvent flag“ (direktni otisak). Cilj istraživanja bio je odrediti razlike u spomenutim postupcima otiskivanja, koji su bili usmjereni na određivanje razlike u obojenju između različitih tiskovnih podloga i standardnih vrijednosti prema normi ISO 12467-2. Rezultati instrumentalne analize izvedeni su spektrofotometrijskim mjerenjima na temelju kojega su izračunate razlike u obojenju CIE ∆E1994. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju odstupanja u reprodukciji boja u odnosu na standardne pretpostavljene vrijednosti boja. Najveća odstupanja ustanovljena su kod „PS BLANC2“ postupka, dok „White printliner“ i „Solventflag“ imaju mnogo manja odstupanja. Usporedbom rezultata može se zaključiti da promjenom tiskovnih podloga dolazi do značajnog odstupanja boje.

Svi smo mi svjedoci činjenici kako tehnologija napreduje iz dana u dan, a upravo zahvaljujući njezinom razvoju omogućeno nam je otiskivanje višebojnih trodimenzionalnih objekata. 3D objekti otiskuju se na 3D pisaču koji radi na principu ink-jet pisača. 3D objekti građeni su od kompozitnog materijala temeljenog na prahu i vezivu koji je sposoban izraditi oblike kompleksne geometrije. Na temelju proučavanja mogučnosti 3D tiska odabrana je metoda 3D modeliranja. Modeliranje je obavljeno u 3D Studio Max programskom paketu koji je korišten za izradu 3D modela šahovske figure konja. Cilj ovog rada je bolje upoznati načne modeliranja za 3D tisak, pobliže proučiti tehnologiju 3D tiska kao i strojeve kojima se to postiže.

We present two novel methods for the preparation of arbitrary micro-scale patterns of polymers on surfaces with pre-defined topography. While photosensitive polymers are used commonly together with optical lithography, the methods presented can be used for nonphotostructurable polymers and where spin-coating cannot be performed. As demonstrator of the viability of the proposed fabrication process, they have been applied for the definition of hydrophobic barriers on a microfluidics network, which is dedicated to selectively dispense liquid to a spotting device consisting of 12 silicon microcantilevers.

The appearance and design of a package are key properties to attract and to focus the attention of a customer. Print quality contributes to a great degree to achieve these requirements. Most critical perceived in terms of quality are print defects like mottling, gloss and stripiness, which all appear in the printing of corrugated board. Stripiness is especially critical because it is a defect directly caused by the corrugated board construction. A further cause can be generated by the production process of corrugated board. Pre-studies by Odeberg Glasenapp (2004) revealed a difference in surface micro-roughness between the regions on the peak line of the liner and the regions in the valley between two peaks of the corrugation. This knowledge was the basis for the work described in this thesis. In a first stage, laboratory trials were conducted with sets of coated and uncoated samples of various grammages. The trial was set-up in order to simulate the conditions in the corrugator as closely as possible. In the evaluations, it was found out that the settings were too high. For that reason, the coated samples were influenced to a too high degree and needed to be excluded from further evaluations. With the uncoated samples, on the other hand, a change in micro surface roughness was detectable. The roughness is decreased on the peaks and the gloss appearance was the conclusion. The analysis of the printed samples focused on shifts in colour and print density. It is unclear if both are affected only surface roughness changes and/or by the typical corrugated board effect of washboarding. A full-scale test was performed in order to confirm the results of the laboratory test. A test series was chosen with coated and uncoated outer liners. Contrary to the lab-test results, the uncoated grades showed no surface roughness changes. Instead, the coated samples were affected to a great extent. The changes in surface roughness and gloss appearance were similar to the lab-test. This confirms that the lab-test samples were exposed to heat, pressure and shear to a too high degree. The print analysis of the full-scale test did not agree with the laboratory test. Gloss lines were visually detectable, but they were difficult to measure. A reason could be that the ink is capable on forming an ink film layer on top of the surface of the paper. This would cover the micro roughness of the matt parts thereby creating an almost homogeneous glossy appearance. QC 20101116

L’impatto ambientale di un prodotto o di un processo è generalmente valutato utilizzando un approccio “from bottom to up” applicando un maggior controllo del danno ambientale del prodotto stesso durante il suo ciclo di vita. Tuttavia, la sostenibilità di un prodotto dovrebbe essere preventiva mettendo a punto un processo in grado di evitare il danno, applicando quindi cambiamenti sostanziali sia sul prodotto stesso che sul processo. L’eco-design è uno strumento fondamentale per lo sviluppo di tale approccio, in cui viene presa in considerazione ogni parte della realizzazione e dell’applicazione del prodotto, al fine di ottenerne uno nuovo, in accordo con il concetto di sostenibilità. In questo contesto si è inserito il seguente studio che ha portato allo sviluppo di un nuovo inchiostro per tecnologia inkjet ad uso ufficio a basso impatto ambientale tramite uno studio di eco-design di prodotto. Il ciclo di vita del prodotto ha tenuto conto delle tre principali linee di produzione che caratterizzano la carta stampata da ufficio: la produzione dell’inchiostro, la produzione delle cartucce e la produzione della carta compresivi dei loro eventuali recuperi e riusi. Da specifici studi di LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) di confronto si sono potuti individuare i punti critici sui quali realizzare un eco-design di prodotto che sono oggetto di questa comunicazione relativa ad una delle linee di ricerca del laboratorio a rete LITCAR nato nell’ambito del Programma Regionale per la Ricerca Industriale, l’Innovazione ed il Trasferimento Tecnologico, PRRIITT, (legge n. 7/2002) sulla base delle indicazioni contenute nel VI Programma Quadro per l’Ambiente. Lo studio qui descritto si inserisce in particolare nell’Obiettivo Realizzativo 4 “Inchiostri ecologici per tecnologia Ink-jet e piattaforme per il riciclo della carta da macero” della Linea Progettuale 1 “Prevenzione, tramite innovazione dei processi, per la riduzione di quantità e pericolosità dei rifiuti”.

It is the scope of this Nordic R&D project on "Innovative development of the ink-jet technology" to utilise the outcome of national research programmes and to establish a Nordic network of research institutes, material suppliers, printer manufacturers and end users of the ink-jet technology. The focus is on developing a normative specification and documentation of adequate measuring techniques for materials and process parameters for different application of the ink-jet technology. Special attention is paid to the influence of paper and ink properties on spreading and penetration, an hence, on print quality. Print quality is here seen in terms ofimage analytical factors, like dot size, darkness and roundness.The first two steps of the project included an inventory of Nordic and international research results on ink-jet printing and a documentation of measuring methods, especially methods for drop formation, spreading and absorption when printing with different printer heads and substrates. These steps have been reported in a separate report. The further work focused on practical material characterisation and interaction mechanisms in ink-jet printing. In these tests a representative selection of substrates and inks were further analysed on a laboratory level and test printed. Based on the results recommendations for material properties and process conditions, as well as measuring methods have been developed, and are reported here.The project also discovered still remaining problem areas in the ink-jet method, where improvement can be achieved through a continued co-operation between scientists, material suppliers, equipment manufacturers and end-users. At the end we present preliminary plans for such a developing project.

It is the scope of this Nordic R&D project on "Innovative development of the ink-jet technology" to utilise the outcome of national research programmes and to establish a Nordic network of research institutes, material suppliers, printer manufacturers and end users of the ink-jet technology. The focus is on developing a normative specification and documentation of adequate measuring techniques for materials and process parameters for different application of the ink-jet technology. Special attention is paid to the influence of paper and ink properties on spreading and penetration, an hence, on print quality. Print quality is here seen in terms ofimage analytical factors, like dot size, darkness and roundness.The first two steps of the project included an inventory of Nordic and international research results on ink-jet printing and a documentation of measuring methods, especially methods for drop formation, spreading and absorption when printing with different printer heads and substrates. These steps have been reported in a separate report. The further work focused on practical material characterisation and interaction mechanisms in ink-jet printing. In these tests a representative selection of substrates and inks were further analysed on a laboratory level and test printed. Based on the results recommendations for material properties and process conditions, as well as measuring methods have been developed, and are reported here.The project also discovered still remaining problem areas in the ink-jet method, where improvement can be achieved through a continued co-operation between scientists, material suppliers, equipment manufacturers and end-users. At the end we present preliminary plans for such a developing project.

Istraživanje je zamišljeno u svrhu praćenja utjecaja različitih čimbenika na kvalitetu ispisa. Otiskivan je jedan motiv sa šest različitih pisača, koji se razlikuju u tehnologiji koju koriste, u rezoluciji ispisa, vrsti boje koju koriste. Na otiscima su mjerene gustoće obojenja na sivim klinovima, a zatim su iz gustoća obojenja sa otiska i zadanih rastertonskih vrijednosti na originalu izvođene krivulje reprodukcije za svaki pisač.

Odabir tehnologije kojom ćemo otisnuti određeni proizvod kao i karakteristike stroja na kojem ćemo vršiti tisak, ponajviše utječe na cijenu proizvoda. Tehnike tiska poput offseta, elektrofotografskog tiska, ili ink-jet tiska mogu svojom tehnologjom ispuniti osnovni uvjet, kvalitetu. Pri tom treba znati koju od tehnika otiskivanja odabrati i kojim se strojevima pri tome služiti.

Digitalne tehnike tiska svakodnevno sve više zauzimaju prostora na svjetskom tržištu te dosežu kvalitetu konvencionalnog ofsetnog tiska. U radu su ispitane praktične mogućnosti tri digitalne tehnike tiska (Indigo, Xerox i Ink-jet). Za istraživanje su korišteni proizvodni strojevi na kojima se u realnim uvjetima tiskalo na različitim tiskovnim podlogama. Mjerenjem i vizualnom kontrolom su sagledane tehničke mogućnosti strojeva i kvaliteta otisaka.

In this work a portable analytical biosensor for real-time extracellular monitoring of released hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) is presented. The biosensor is based on the optical detection of the cytochrome c (cyt c) oxidation state. The setup consists of an integrated microscope combined with a compact spectrometer. The light being absorbed by cyt c is enhanced via multiscattering produced by random aggregates of polystyrene beads in a cross-linked cyt c matrix. Using ink-jet printing technique, the sensing elements, namely cyt c loaded polystyrene aggregates, are fabricated with high reliability in terms of repeatability of size and sensitivity. Additionally, the sensing elements are enclosed in a microfluidic channel assuring a fast and efficient analytes delivery. As an example, the effect of trace concentrations of functionalized cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) core shell quantum dots on the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is investigated, showing extracellular H2O2 release with different production rates over a period of 1 hour. In conclusion, the presented portable biosensor enables the highly sensitive and non-invasive real-time monitoring of the cell metabolism of C. reinhardtii. © (2013) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

This paper describes a novel method to fabricate polymer MEMS based on the inkjet printing of SU-8, with a special emphasis on integrated micro-optical lens arrays. Inkjet control parameters are optimized in order to enable a stable and reproducible ejection of SU-8 drops in both continuous and drop-on-demand (DOD) modes. Arbitrary patterns of single and multiple polymer drops and arrays of convex microlenses are printed on different substrates. The influence of surface wetting properties on the size and the shape of the printed patterns is investigated. The optical properties of the microlenses are investigated in details. A model for inkjet printing of high-viscous functional materials for polymer MEMS has been used.