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This article shows that historical realities of Greek nationalism continue to be relevant today. Dual heritages of Greek nationalism, Byzantine (Orthodoxy) and ancient Greece, have been a source of different answers to the question of what does it mean to be original Greek. The ambiguity originating from diverse explanations for a real Greekness has led to the incompatibility between the imagined Greek nation of traditional and of secular nationalists, triggering the controversy over ID cards as a contemporary case. While, for conservatives, because the role of Orthodoxy is vital in protecting Greek identity, religion box should be included into identity cards, modernists are in favor of the formation of a common homogenized European culture and thus do not endorse the presence of religion in a formal state document, ID card.

Understanding the relationship between civil-military relations plays a crucial role in the discipline of political science but most importantly it vibrates issue that tackles states and societies in their format and dynamism. In this paper I will try to explain the basic understanding of the civil-military relations with a specific reference to the historical development and possibilities of interaction between the both trajectories of military power as a key player in the case of security and the civil political leadership as a key player that brings development and policies for the state. Afterward, I'll try to explain the political development of Turkey as a country that faced a huge number of Coup D'états in the last two centuries and by doing so, we will enter into a discussion and focusing mostly on the last attempt in 2016. While rethinking the civil-military relations we will try to reveal (f) actors on the Turkish political internal dynamism that factorized once again the military power and initiated action to curb civil society polity.

After the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, systematic political changes were happening in all communist societies. This moment, triggered new political developments, challenges, as well as democratic approaches through negotiations and new democratic political party organizations, in all Eastern European countries. The beginning of this post- communist political period (the transition period) it was introduced through ideas of democratization, rule of law, freedom of speech and economic developments for all societies that were captured previously by the concept of socialism and planned economy. The concept of transition from communism and planned economy towards democracy and free market economy was expected to bring fast and visible changes through economic progress and freedoms but we have to admit that individual and political freedoms were not achieved with an immediate economic progress, as somebody would have assumed. Economic progress will be visible quite later due to the economic and political culture, human resources capacities related with low educational frames, corruption and state and institutional building capacities. In this essay, I will try to elaborate the initial processes of democratization and political changes after the fall of communism in both countries of Poland and Bulgaria, while investigating the process of preparation via different civic activities, new political parties, negotiations for their future democratic institutions, elections and their political culture. This, will help us to show and reveal not only the democratic initiations in the both countries, but will capture the democratic initiatives triggered in all communist societies, of course through different actors and contexts.

International Balkan University-Skopje, He delivers courses such as Introduction to Politics, Theory of International Relations, Balkan, Caucasus and Middle East politics. He is expected to start teaching at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University- Istanbul, Turkey. The problem of Cyprus has been analyzed deeply from variety of local, regional and international perspectives. This is because the Cyprus conflict it is an historical important issue within the international agenda, it has been and will remain as such till the counter parts will find a common interest or a common solution (a substantial way out). As much as the reader hinters within the tremendous great number of books and articles written for the Cyprus case it realizes that there are many perspectives and historical issue that have to be revealed and understood in order to analyze the today's political circumstances in Cyprus and why not in the world as well. In this paper I will try to elaborate the historical, political and institutional conditions of Cyprus during the period of the Ottoman and British establishments. Even though Cyprus has been managed or governed from many important historical powers, I will independently say that the most important are the Ottomans and British periods. This is to be said, because for the both periods we have a great number of written historical and important local, regional and international events recorded and scientifically analyzed. The time frame of their leadership and governmental infrastructures played enormously for their importance. Both of them consciously or un consciously left behind an important cultural and political legacy that today Cyprus differs from other regions and places in the world. As I said before I will shortly try to elaborate as well the social and institutional background of both establishments and to see to what extent they have tried to build stability and sustainability of the island and the region as whole. This work of mine will give a small perspective for the readers about the substantial political and social conditions during this two very important periods of the Cyprus history.