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With the increase in population and the acceleration of the urbanization process, the output of vegetables in China has increased yearly, accompanied by a large amount of vegetable waste. If not disposed of promptly, it will cause pollution to the environment. Therefore, the treatment of vegetable waste has become an urgent problem. This article systematically summarizes the current status of vegetable waste treatment technology, mainly introduces the methods, characteristics, limitations, and development trends of vegetable waste treatment, and summarizes the leading technologies for vegetable waste treatment.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal disease, with poor prognosis exacerbated by difficulty in assessing tumor extent with imaging. Spectroscopic MRI (sMRI) is a non-contrast imaging technique measuring endogenous metabolite levels of the brain that can serve as biomarkers for tumor extension. We completed a three-site study to assess survival benefits of GBM patients when treated with escalated radiation dose guided by metabolic abnormalities in sMRI. Escalated radiation led to complex post-treatment imaging, requiring unique approaches to discern tumor progression from radiation-related treatment effect through our quantitative imaging platform. The purpose of this study is to determine true tumor recurrence timepoints for patients in our dose-escalation multisite study using novel methodology and to report on median progression-free survival (PFS). Follow-up imaging for all 30 trial patients were collected, lesion volumes segmented and graphed, and imaging uploaded to our platform for visual interpretation. Eighteen months post-enrollment, the median PFS was 16.6 months with a median time to follow-up of 20.3 months. With this new treatment paradigm, incidence rate of tumor recurrence one year from treatment is 30% compared to 60–70% failure under standard care. Based on the delayed tumor progression and improved survival, a randomized phase II trial is under development (EAF211).

Heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) as an emerging technique have shown superior capacity of dealing with heterogeneous information network (HIN). However, most HGNNs follow a semi-supervised learning manner, which notably limits their wide use in reality since labels are usually scarce in real applications. Recently, contrastive learning, a self-supervised method, becomes one of the most exciting learning paradigms and shows great potential when there are no labels. In this paper, we study the problem of self-supervised HGNNs and propose a novel co-contrastive learning mechanism for HGNNs, named HeCo. Different from traditional contrastive learning which only focuses on contrasting positive and negative samples, HeCo employs cross-view contrastive mechanism. Specifically, two views of a HIN (network schema and meta-path views) are proposed to learn node embeddings, so as to capture both of local and high-order structures simultaneously. Then the cross-view contrastive learning, as well as a view mask mechanism, is proposed, which is able to extract the positive and negative embeddings from two views. This enables the two views to collaboratively supervise each other and finally learn high-level node embeddings. Moreover, to further boost the performance of HeCo, two additional methods are designed to generate harder negative samples with high quality. Besides the invariant factors, view-specific factors complementally provide the diverse structure information between different nodes, which also should be contained into the final embeddings. Therefore, we need to further explore each view independently and propose a modified model, called HeCo++. Specifically, HeCo++ conducts hierarchical contrastive learning, including cross-view and intra-view contrasts, which aims to enhance the mining of respective structures., This paper has been accepted by TKDE as a regular paper. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2105.09111

To investigate the association of computed tomography-assessed body composition with survival outcomes of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) received immunotherapy.In this multicenter, retrospective study, we reviewed 251 mRCC patients who received anti-PD1 from five centers. We analyzed the relationship between BMI, skeletal muscle area (SM), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose percentage (SAT%) with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The spatial localization T cells was investigated by multiplex immunofluorescence.Among 224 evaluable patients, 23 (10.3%) patients were underweight, 118 (52.7%) had normal weight, 65 (29%) were overweight, and 18 patients (8%) were obese. The median age was 55 years and most patients were male (71%). No significant improvement in PFS (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.27-1.42) or OS (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.38-3.13) was observed for the obese patients. Besides, SM, VAT, and SAT were not associated with survival outcomes (all p0.05). Interestingly, SAT% independently predicted PFS (as continuous variable, HR: 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.11) and OS (HR:0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.39), which remained significant in multivariate modeling (as continuous variable, adjusted HR for PFS, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00-0.04; adjusted HR for OS, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01-0.72). These associations were consistent in subgroup analysis of different gender, BMI, PD-L1 positive, and sarcopenia group. Tumor of high SAT% patients had a higher intratumoral PD1High SAT% predicts better outcomes in mRCC patients treated with anti-PD1 and T cell location may account for the better response.• CT-based subcutaneous adipose percentage independently predicted progression-free survival and overall survival. • Patients with a higher subcutaneous adipose percentage had a higher intratumoral PD1

To investigate the anti-invasion efficacy of the ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa Will. (EEOD) on a three-dimensional (3D) human malignant glioma (MG) cell invasion and perfusion model based on microfluidic chip culture and the possible mechanism of action of Oldenlandia diffusa Will. (OD).The comprehensive pharmacodynamic analysis method in this study was based on microfluidic chip 3D cell perfusion culture technology, and the action mechanism of Chinese medicine (CM) on human MG cells was investigated through network pharmacology analysis. First, the components of EEOD were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Then, cell viability and apoptosis were assessed to determine the optimum concentration of EEOD for invasion experiments, and two-dimensional (2D) migration and invasion abilities of U87 and U251 MG cells were evaluated using scratch wound and Transwell assays. The possible mechanism underlying the effects of EEOD on glioma was analyzed through a network pharmacology approach.Thirty-five compounds of EEOD were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. EEOD suppressed the viability of MG cells, promoted their apoptosis, and inhibited their migratory and invasive potentials (all P0.05). Network pharmacology analysis showed that OD inhibited the invasion of MG cells by directly regulating MAPK and Wnt pathways through MAPK, EGFR, MYC, GSK3B, and other targets. The anti-invasion effect of OD was also found to be related to the indirect regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization.]EEOD could inhibit the invasion of human MG cells, and the anti-invasion mechanism of OD might be regulating MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways and microtubule cytoskeleton organization.

Sketches have been widely applied to identify super hosts in an efficient and accurate way. However, most sketches cannot flexibly balance memory usage and accuracy in host cardinality estimation. In order to solve this issue, we propose a novel extensible and reversible sketch, named ExtendedSketch, to achieve accurate super host identification with high memory efficiency. The core idea of ExtendedSketch is to monitor low-cardinality hosts with small-sized counters while dynamically extend the size of counters when monitoring high-cardinality hosts by applying an adaptive extension strategy. Such the strategy can adaptively increase counter size according to network traffic status at runtime, which not only ensures the accuracy of high-cardinality host estimation but also avoids unnecessary memory consumption. We perform theoretical analysis and conduct a series of experimental evaluations on ExtendedSketch based on real world network traffic. Experimental results show that under same memory usage, compared to the state-of-the-art, ExtendedSketch achieves 1.47.5 times smaller error rate in measuring host cardinality with 1.926.7 times better accuracy on super host identification and 95215 times faster speed on abnormal address reconstruction. Its advance in accuracy and efficiency demonstrates the practical significance of ExtendedSketch for super host identification.

A high malignancy rate and poor prognosis are common problems with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). There is increasing evidence that glycolysis plays vital roles in tumorigenesis, tumor invasion, immune evasion, chemoresistance, and metastasis. However, a comprehensive analysis of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of glycolysis in TNBC is lacking.Transcriptomic and clinical data of TNBC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) databases, respectively. Glycolysis-related genes (GRGs) were collected from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Differential comparative analysis was performed to obtain the differentially expressed (DE)-GRGs associated with TNBC. Based on the DE-GRGs, a glycolysis-related risk signature was established using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) and multivariable Cox regression analyses. The prognostic value, tumor microenvironment, mutation status, and chemotherapy response of different risk groups were analyzed. An independent cohort from the METABRIC database was used for external validation. Furthermore, the expression patterns of five genes derived from the prognostic model were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).The glycolysis-related prognostic signature included five genes (IFNG, ACSS2, IRS2, GFUS, and GAL3ST1) and predicted the prognosis of TNBC patients independent of clinical factors (p 0.05). Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. Compared to low-risk TNBC patients, high-risk patients had significantly decreased overall survival (HR = 2.718, p 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic and calibration curves demonstrated that the model had high performance in terms of predicting survival and risk stratification. The results remained consistent after external verification. Additionally, the tumor immune microenvironment significantly differed between the risk groups. Low-risk TNBC patients had a better immunotherapy response than high-risk patients. High-risk TNBC patients with a poor prognosis may benefit from targeted therapy.This study developed a novel glycolysis and prognosis-related (GRP) signature based on GRGs to predict the prognosis of TNBC patients, and may aid clinical decision-making for these patients.

The appointment-based model (ABM) is a framework for medication synchronization (med sync) which allows improved efficiency in pharmacy operations. Refill alignment forms the foundation of med sync programs and has proven to improve medication adherence. However it is uncertain if the remaining four components of ABM including the identification and enrollment of patients, medication review and patient assessment, preparation of medications, and delivery of medications can positively impact adherence.To identify ABM core component(s) that significantly improve medication adherence and evaluate the extent to what prescription volume utilizing ABM impacts adherence.A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 68 community pharmacies. Medication adherence rates were collected for antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and oral hypoglycemic agents. Analyses were performed to determine the impact of ABM operations on adherence.Four components of ABM were associated with significant improvement in adherence. The ABM operations related to those components include patient recruitment, medication delivery, flexible payment options, documenting synchronized medications and refill date, assessing patient ability to fill medications prior to refill date, refill timelines, and inquiring about medication changes during the patient outreach call (p 0.05). While synchronizing at least 16% of a pharmacy's total prescription volume improved adherence, synchronizing at least 31% produced significant improvement across all chronic disease categories (p 0.05).Operationalization of four core components from the ABM process - identifying and enrolling patients, medication review and assessment, alignment of refills and preparation of medications - were all found to significantly improve adherence. Pharmacies wanting to improve adherence rates across chronic disease categories should aim to have a minimum of 31% of their prescription volume synchronized.

Arteriosclerosis Obliteran (ASO) is a local manifestation of systemic arteriosclerosis in the lower extremity arteries. ASO is a chronic progressive disease caused by arteriosclerosis, such as intimal thickening, lumen stenosis or occlusion of the blood supply arteries of the lower limbs, insufficient blood supply of the diseased limbs, and clinical manifestations such as intermittent claudication, decreased skin temperature, pain, and even ulceration or necrosis of the lower limbs. Its pathogenesis is complex, the treatment is difficult and has gradually attracted extensive attention in clinic. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, but there is no clinical report on hyperhomocysteinemia and ASO. Therefore, this paper reviews the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and ASO, in order to provide theoretical basis and support for the follow-up study of ASO.

To develop a novel 3D abdominal CEST MRI technique at 3 T using MR multitasking, which enables entire-liver coverage with free-breathing acquisition.k-Space data were continuously acquired with repetitive steady-state CEST (ss-CEST) modules. The stack-of-stars acquisition pattern was used for k-space sampling. MR multitasking was used to reconstruct motion-resolved 3D CEST images of 53 frequency offsets with entire-liver coverage and 2.0 × 2.0 × 6.0 mmBoth APT-CEST and glycoCEST signals showed high sensitivity between post-fasting and post-meal acquisitions. APT-CEST and glycoCEST MTRasym signals from post-mean scans were significantly increased (APT-CEST: -0.019 ± 0.017 in post-fasting scans, 0.014 ± 0.021 in post-meal scans, p 0.01; glycoCEST: 0.003 ± 0.009 in post-fasting scans, 0.027 ± 0.021 in post-meal scans, p 0.01).The proposed 3D abdominal steady-state CEST method using MR multitasking can generate CEST images of the entire liver during free breathing.

Chestnut-like aroma is one of the unique qualities of Chinese green tea and has become an important factor influencing consumer decisions. However, the chemical formation mechanism of chestnut-like aroma during green tea processing remains unclear. In this study, the dynamic changes of key components contributing to chestnut-like aroma and their precursors were analyzed in fresh leaves, fixation leaves, first baking tea leaves, and green tea.The thermal process had an important effect on volatile components in tea leaves, causing a significant decrease of alcohols and esters and a significant increase of ketones, acids, phenols, and sulfur compounds. Furthermore, 31 volatiles were identified as the key odorants responsible for chestnut-like aroma of green tea, including dimethyl sulfide, methyl isobutenyl ketone, 2-methylbutanal, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, d-limonene, methyl 2-methylvalerate, linalool, decanal, longifolene, phenylethyl alcohol, l-α-terpineol, jasmone, and so on. And the majority of these odorants were only formed in the drying stage. Additionally, isoleucine, theanine, methionine, and glucose were found to be involved in the formation of chestnut-like aroma of green tea.The drying process played a vital important role in the formation of chestnut-like aroma of green tea. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Severe acne has high psychological impacts recorded worldwide, from depression to suicide. To control acne infection, bacteriophage could be used in synergy or combination with antibiotics/antimicrobials. Bacteriophages are specific to their hosts without interfering with the normal skin microbes and have the ability to lyse bacterial cells. In this current study, the bacteriophage PAP 1-1 was isolated, characterized, and tested against the pathogenic acne-causing bacterium Cutibacterium acnes. Examination under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the newly isolated phage has a morphology typical of siphoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis, utilizing the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm based on complete genome sequences, revealed that PAP 1-1 clustered together with bacteriophages active to Propionibacterium acnes (now known as C. acnes), forming a distinct evolutionary lineage. The genomic analysis further identified the presence of an endolysin gene in PAP 1-1, suggesting its potential to regulate the growth of C. acnes. Subsequent experiments conducted in RCM broth confirmed the ability of PAP 1-1 to effectively control the proliferation of C. acnes. In combination with bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis CJNU 3001 and nisin, PAP 1-1 greatly decreased the viable cell counts of C. acnes in the broth.

The presence of free radicals and oxidants in our body is either produced by our body through normal cell metabolisms or from environment surrounding us such as radiation, medication, pollutants or others. The free radicals and oxidants can be harmful to our body when their accumulation posing oxidative stress in the body. Cocoa beans are rich in polyphenols, which are functioning as antioxidant. However, each antioxidant has difference response towards either free radicals or other oxidants. The purpose of this research was to study the ability of cocoa fresh beans aqueous extract functions as antioxidant between its ability to reduce ferric to ferrous and number of free radicals removed from organic chemical compound of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). A series concentration of cocoa fresh beans aqueous were prepared. Its ability as ferric reducer was determined based on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and its ability as free radicals scavenger was determined using DPPH assays. This study revealed that freeze dried cocoa fresh beans aqueous extract of 50 ppm was able to reduce 3.2 x 10 15 of ferric molecules to ferrous. Concentration below 20 ppm generally was not able to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II). Whereas, at concentration of 45 ppm freeze dried cocoa fresh beans aqueous extract was estimated able to remove 1.4 x 10 17 organic nitrogen free radicals from DPPH assay. This study suggests that freeze dried cocoa fresh beans aqueous extract has better performance in quenching free radicals compared to reducing ferric into ferrous.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report the tribological behavior of dimples textured rolling element bearings (REBs) under variable load and starved lubrication. Design/methodology/approach The pattern parameters include line-diameter of dimples (200 µm, 250 µm, 300 µm), depth of dimples (10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm). Dimple patterns were prepared on the raceways of the shaft washers of cylindrical roller thrust bearings (CRTBs). A vertical wear test rig was used to obtain their coefficients of friction (COFs) under stepped load (1200–6000 N, with a manually increase of 1200 N every 3600 s) and starved lubrication. The wear losses and worn surfaces were characterized. The tribological performance between stepped load and fixed load (4000 N) was compared. The influence mechanism of dimples on the friction and wear properties of CRTBs under stepped load and starved lubrication was also discussed. Findings Compared with the data of smooth ones, the average COFs of the dimples textured bearings are almost all reduced under stepped load and starved lubrication, while their mass losses almost all get higher. The depth−diameter ratio and the effective volume coefficient of dimples are the important factors. In this work, compared with the smooth group, when the line-diameter of dimple is 250 µm and the depth is 20 µm, i.e. the depth−diameter ratio is 0.08, its average COF is reduced by 46.8% and its mass loss is reduced by about 7%, showing wonderful friction-reducing effect and good wear resistance. Originality/value This work can provide a reference for the raceway design of REBs.

Conventional imaging examinations are not sensitive enough for the early detection of recurrent or metastatic lesions in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. We aimed to explore the role of

In this paper, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and mechanical test on the 3D printed lattice sandwich structures are carried out to study the buckling performance. 2 types of lattice structures, body centered cubic (BCC) and rhombic dodecahedron (DOD) are included. The lattice sandwich panels are made of ALSi10 Mg alloy materials and manufactured using the selective laser melting technique. The comparative results show that DOD lattice sandwich panel not only has higher bearing capacity, but also shows stronger toughness in the post-buckling stage than BCC type panel, even they have the same characteristic size. The buckling mode depends on the topology of the unit cell. For BCC and DOD type panels, the main buckling modes are local buckling and global buckling respectively. The reasons of different buckling modes are discussed. Moreover, the buckling evolution and failure modes of the two types of panels in the post-buckling stage are investigated.

Systematic reviews that have examined associations between sedentary behaviour (SB) and mental health among children and adolescents are mainly based on cross-sectional investigations. There is a lack of evidence for a prospective relationship between SB and mental health in children and adolescents. This systematic review synthesized longitudinal studies that examined prospective associations between SB and mental health among children and adolescents.We conducted computer searches for English language literature from electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and Google scholar, and manually screened the references of existing relevant studies to select studies for the synthesis. We included observational longitudinal studies that assessed the association between SB and mental health among children and adolescents. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.In total, 58 longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized in the review. We found that higher SB among children and adolescents was associated with increased depression, anxiety and other mental health problems later in life. A dose-response association between SB and mental health was observed, suggesting that children and adolescents who spend more time on SB may have a higher risk of developing poorer mental health later.The findings in the present study suggest that intervention programs targeting reducing SB may benefit to the prevention of poor mental health among children and adolescents. Future intervention studies especially randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate a causal relationship between SB and mental health among children and adolescents.

The rotating packed bed (RPB) is a typical equipment in chemical process intensification technology due to its excellent mass transfer performance. In this paper，three different single-phase wire screen packing pressure drop models coupled with the interfacial area model were used to construct resistance calculation methods for porous media, respectively. The results show that simulation deviations of the liquid holdup and the pressure drop of the m-K model range from 0.92% to 27.61% and 1.63% to 34.59%, respectively. The m-K model has the highest prediction accuracy at N=500~1500 rpm. At N=2000~2500 rpm, the B model has the highest prediction accuracy. The higher the viscosity of the liquid, the more uniform the axial liquid distribution in the packing, and the longer the liquid mean residence time. The impact of different nozzle designs on liquid distribution has been investigated using a new method based on user-defined functions (UDFs).

Accurate radiation therapy (RT) targeting is crucial for glioblastoma treatment but may be challenging using clinical imaging alone due to the infiltrative nature of glioblastomas. Precise targeting by whole-brain spectroscopic MRI, which maps tumor metabolites including choline (Cho) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), can quantify early treatment-induced molecular changes that other traditional modalities cannot measure. We developed a pipeline to determine how spectroscopic MRI changes during early RT are associated with patient outcomes to provide insight into the utility of adaptive RT planning. Data were obtained from a study (NCT03137888) where glioblastoma patients received high-dose RT guided by the pre-RT Cho/NAA twice normal (Cho/NAA ≥ 2x) volume, and received spectroscopic MRI scans pre- and mid-RT. Overlap statistics between pre- and mid-RT scans were used to quantify metabolic activity changes after two weeks of RT. Log-rank tests were used to quantify the relationship between imaging metrics and patient overall and progression-free survival (OS/PFS). Patients with lower Jaccard/Dice coefficients had longer PFS (p = 0.045 for both), and patients with lower Jaccard/Dice coefficients had higher OS trending towards significance (p = 0.060 for both). Cho/NAA ≥ 2x volumes changed significantly during early RT, putting healthy tissue at risk of irradiation, and warranting further study into using adaptive RT planning.

Background Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a common malignancy of the urinary tract; however, the mechanism underlying its high recurrence and responses to immunotherapy remains unclear, making clinical outcome predictions difficult. Epigenetic alterations, especially DNA methylation, play important roles in bladder cancer development and are increasingly being investigated as biomarkers for diagnostic or prognostic predictions. However, little is known about hydroxymethylation since previous studies based on bisulfite-sequencing approaches could not differentiate between 5mC and 5hmC signals, resulting in entangled methylation results. Methods Tissue samples of bladder cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC), partial cystectomy (PC), or transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) were collected. We utilized a multi-omics approach to analyze both primary and recurrent bladder cancer samples. By integrating various techniques including RNA sequencing, oxidative reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (oxRRBS), reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), and whole exome sequencing, a comprehensive analysis of the genome, transcriptome, methylome, and hydroxymethylome landscape of these cancers was possible. Results By whole exome sequencing, we identified driver mutations involved in the development of UBC, including those in FGFR3, KDMTA, and KDMT2C. However, few of these driver mutations were associated with the down-regulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or recurrence in UBC. By integrating RRBS and oxRRBS data, we identified fatty acid oxidation-related genes significantly enriched in 5hmC-associated transcription alterations in recurrent bladder cancers. We also observed a series of 5mC hypo differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the gene body of NFATC1, which is highly involved in T-cell immune responses in bladder cancer samples with high expression of PD-L1. Since 5mC and 5hmC alternations are globally anti-correlated, RRBS-seq-based markers that combine the 5mC and 5hmC signals, attenuate cancer-related signals, and therefore, are not optimal as clinical biomarkers. Conclusions By multi-omics profiling of UBC samples, we showed that epigenetic alternations are more involved compared to genetic mutations in the PD-L1 regulation and recurrence of UBC. As proof of principle, we demonstrated that the combined measurement of 5mC and 5hmC levels by the bisulfite-based method compromises the prediction accuracy of epigenetic biomarkers.