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The so-called sponge city is a new era of urban stormwater management concept, refers to the city can be like a sponge, in adapting to environmental changes and respond to natural disasters brought about by rainwater has good elasticity, can also be called "water elastic city". The international common term is "low impact development rainwater system construction", which absorbs, stores, infiltrates and purifies water when it rains, and releases and uses the stored water when needed to realize the free migration of rainwater in the city. In this paper, based on the new concept, we improve the comprehensive utilization of precipitation and improve the recovery of precipitation, so as to add water saving functions such as water storage, interception and purification, and social functions such as greening and production capacity to the traditional green roof, forming a new green roof with multi-functional functions, and proposing an immature solution to alleviate urban flooding in the rainy season.

Prestressed fit is a new type of composite and metal connection. Compared with the traditional connection, it has the advantages of maintaining fiber continuity, high controllability, and high stability. According to the analytical model, the important parameters of the prestressed joint such as friction coefficient, lap length and winding tension are proposed. The influence of the parameters on the joint performance and stress distribution is studied by the finite element method. The abnormal end phenomenon, the stress relaxation phenomenon, and the stress mutation phenomenon caused by demolding during the joint forming process are explained, and the design of the layering method is optimized. The results show that the end effect makes the relationship between the lap length and the peak torque of the joint nonlinear, and increasing the lap length is beneficial to reduce this effect; before and after demolding, the end stress increases sharply; reducing the winding tension and selecting high modulus core mold materials are conducive to reducing stress relaxation; 90°inner ply angle and ± 45°outer ply angle are ideal layup methods for joint composite materials.

The curvature feature makes the irradiance and absorptivity change, resulting in an uneven power density distribution, which affects the quality of composite parts. In this study, a theoretical model-based Super-Gaussian profile beam in the laser irradiation area was established to obtain the heat flux distribution on the curved surface. The effect of curvature on the surface scattering reflection, temperature distribution, and surface morphology were investigated and verified the validity of the theoretical model. Furthermore, the influence of the laser intensity distribution, laser inclination and curvature radius on the power density distribution and distribution uniformity were studied. Research indicated that the power density increases as the distance from the origin increase resulting from the variation of the irradiance and absorptance along the circumference. The flatter the intensity distribution of the laser beam in the height direction, the less uniform the power density distribution. Accordingly, the typical Gaussian profile beam significantly ameliorates the power density distribution. This research provides a novel understanding of using heat sources during laser heating thermoplastic tape placement.

Chromosome rearrangements play an important role in the speciation of plants and animals, and the recognition of chromosome rearrangement patterns is helpful to elucidate the mechanism of species differentiation at the chromosome level. However, the existing chromosome rearrangement recognition methods have some major limitations, such as low quality, barriers to parental selection, and inability to identify specific rearrangement patterns. Based on the whole genome protein sequences, we constructed the combined figure according to the slope of the collinear fragment, the number of homologous genes, the coordinates in the top left and bottom right of the collinear fragment. The standardized combination figure is compared with the four standard pattern figures, and then combined with the information entropy analysis strategy to automatically classify the chromosome images and identify the chromosome rearrangement pattern. This paper proposes an automatic karyotype analysis method EntroCR (intelligent recognition method of chromosome rearrangement based on information entropy), which integrates rearrangement pattern recognition, result recommendation and related chromosome determination, so as to infer the evolution process of ancestral chromosomes to the existing chromosomes. Validation experiments were conducted using whole-genome data of Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum, Oryza sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The conclusions were consistent with previous results. EntroCR provides a reference for researchers in species evolution and molecular marker assisted breeding as well as new methods for analyzing karyotype evolution in other species.

Adjusting the crystal and band structures is of great significance for phonon or carrier transport in functional materials. Lattice contraction was designed to adjust the crystal and energy band structures, which bring about energy valley degeneracy and a band gap decrease in the SnSe system. The Seebeck coefficient of the rapid cooling sample increases significantly due to the energy valley degeneracy. The multichannel effect based on the energy valley degeneracy weakens scattering among the carriers and maintains a high

Oxide heterostructures exhibit many intriguing properties. Here we provide design principles for inducing multiple topological states in (001) ($AM$O$_3$)$_1$/($AM'$O$_3$)$_1$ oxide superlattices. Aided by first-principles calculations and model analysis, we show that a (Sr$M$O3)$_1$/(Sr$M'$O$_3$)$_1$ superlattice ($M$ = Nb, Ta and $M'$ = Rh, Ir) is a strong topological insulator with $Z_2$ index (1;001). More remarkably, a (SrMoO3)$_1$/(SrIrO3)$_1$ superlattice exhibits multiple coexisting topological insulator (TI) and topological Dirac semi-metal (TDS) states. The TDS state has a pair of type-II Dirac points near the Fermi level and symmetry-protected Dirac node lines. The surface TDS Dirac cone is sandwiched by two surface TI Dirac cones in the energy-momentum space. The non-trivial topological properties arise from the band inversion between $d$ orbitals of two dissimilar transition metal atoms and a particular parity property of (001) superlattice geometry. Our work demonstrates how to induce nontrivial topological states in (001) perovskite oxide heterostructures by rational design., 29 pages, 6 figures and 1 table

Irrigation and Drainage Engineering is the core compulsory course of agricultural water conservancy engineering. It is professional and practical, cultivating students' ability of planning and design and practice. The traditional teaching method cannot integrate theory with practice well. Therefore, based on the current situation of agricultural water conservancy project teaching in Hebei Agricultural University, Application of project-driven teaching method for Irrigation and Drainage Engineering was discussed in paper, and the main teaching design process was put forward, which provides reference for further deepening the teaching reform of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering.

In this study, chitin aerogel doped with nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3/chitin aerogel) was prepared by dissolving chitin in Na2CO3/Ca (OH)2/urea system followed by epichlorohydrin (ECH) addition as a cross-linker and then freeze-drying of the hydrogel. The as-obtained CaCO3/chitin aerogel showed good adsorption properties toward the adsorption of Congo Red (CR) with maximum adsorption capacity reaching approximately 266.4 mg·g−1. Besides, the adsorption capacity was affected by the initial concentration and pH. The adsorption kinetics revealed a second-order kinetics model of CaCO3/chitin aerogel toward CR, and the adsorption process was controlled by both the liquid film diffusion and intra-particle diffusion. In sum, chitin aerogel looks promising as an effective adsorbent for anion dye adsorption. The cost-effective and eco-friendly developed approaches are also of great interest for future environmental remediation.

High-fidelity analysis of nuclear reactors is beneficial to improving the efficiency of nuclear reactor designs. To enhance modeling fidelity, multi-physics coupling simulations are typically employed. To this end, several platforms for code coupling are under active development, including MOOSE, SALOME, et al. In this paper, the loosely coupling interface between MOOSE and OpenFOAM was developed, aiming to extend the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) capacity for MOOSE. Specifically, process control, data transfer, and mesh projection of the coupled simulation are realized by the “MultiApps” and “Transfers” module within MOOSE and the “externalCoupled” module within OpenFOAM, where text-based data transfer is used. The CFD capabilities of OpenFOAM and the finite element analysis capabilities of MOOSE are fully utilized in this coupling environment. Subsequently, a conjugated heat transfer problem for plate fuel was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the developed interface, where variables consisting of temperature, convective heat transfer coefficient, and heat flux at outer surfaces are transferred between MOOSE and OpenFOAM. The predicted results of the plate fuel seem reasonable and the validity of the novel coupling code for MOOSE and OpenFOAM is preliminary confirmed.

LINC01207 is involved in the progression of some cancers. This study was designed to delve into the biological function and mechanism of LINC01207 in gastric cancer. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was adopted to examine the expression levels of LINC01207, miR-671-5p, dead-box polypeptide 5 (DDX5) mRNA in gastric cancer tissues and cells. After LINC01207 was overexpressed or depleted, MTT and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assays were conducted to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assay was employed to detect cell migration and invasion. Western blot was used to detect the expression of DDX5 protein in cells. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were performed to predict and validate the binding site between miR-671-5p and LINC01207 or DDX5. LINC01207 and DDX5 mRNA were upregulated in gastric cancer, while miR-671-5p was downregulated; high expression of LINC01207 and transfection of miR-671-5p inhibitors facilitated the proliferation of gastric cancer cells; however, knocking down LINC01207 and the overexpression of miR-671-5p mimics had opposite biological effects. LINC01207 and miR-671-5p were interacted and miR-671-5p was negatively regulated by LINC01207. MiR-671-5p could reverse the function of LINC01207. DDX5 was a downstream target of miR-671-5p and was positively modulated by LINC01207. LINC01207 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-671-5p/DDX5 axis.

To discuss the water consumption patterns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the difference in yield traits among varieties under different irrigation systems, three field water treatments were established (jointing water, W1, CK; jointing water + flowering water, W2; and rising water + booting water + filling water, W3). Two winter wheat varieties (Hengmai4399 and Hengguan35) were selected in 2020–2021, and three (Hengmai4399, Hengguan35, and Hengmai28) were selected in 2021–2022 to investigate the impact of the irrigation amount on water consumption and its interaction with the varieties on yield traits of winter wheat. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between soil water consumption and soil moisture reserve presowing; the correlation was the strongest in the 150–200 cm layer. The response of the yield of the three varieties to irrigation was Hengmai4399 > Hengmai28 > Hengguan35, and the drought resistance was Hengguan35 > Hengmai28 > Hengmai4399. When the soil water storage presowing was insufficient, Hengmai4399 combined with the W3 treatment achieved the highest yield and water use efficiency; when the soil water storage presowing was sufficient, Hengmai28 combined with the W2 treatment achieved a high-level yield and the highest WUE.

Defect existing form and its evolution play an important role in the thermoelectric transport process. Here different forms of Pb into the SnSe system were introduced in order to improve the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of SnSe. Pb/SnSe samples were fabricated by vacuum melting, solid phase diffusion, spark plasma sintering and annealing treatment. The element valence mapping diagram and the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) characteristic peaks of Pb show that a certain amount of elemental Pb exists in the initial state, and evolves into Pb2+ ion after annealing treatment. The micro-structure evolution leads to significant enhancement of the power factor and the ZT value. The power factor (PF) and the ZT value for Pb/SnSe increases to 623 μW/m/K2 and 1.12 at 773 K after annealing treatment, respectively. Compared with SnSe matrix, the hardness and fracture toughness of Pb/SnSe samples increased by about 40% and 10%, respectively. Reasonable control of microstructure evolution is expected to be a design idea to improve thermoelectric and mechanical properties of SnSe.

To improve the performance of thermoplastic composite joints and reduce the weight of joints, glass fiber (GF)/polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic composite rivets (GF/PP rivets) were prepared and tensile test and simulation analysis of GF/PP-riveted single-lap joints were carried out. Based on the tensile test, the optimum extension length of GF/PP rod with different diameters was determined by taking the specific joint strength (the ratio of joint strength to the weight of fasteners) as the evaluation index. The effects of the rivet diameter and the thickness of composite laminates on the specific joint strength and the weight reduction of GF/PP-riveted single-lap joints were studied. The joining mechanism and the failure behavior of GF/PP-riveted joints were analyzed by finite element simulation. The experimental results indicate that the specific joint strength of GF/PP-riveted joints decreased with increasing rivet diameter and laminate thickness. For the same specific joint strength, the weight of fasteners at joints could be reduced by 81.4% and 73.9%, respectively, by using GF/PP rivets instead of steel bolts and aluminum blind rivets. The simulation results show that the change of inclination angle of rivet body would cause the change of failure mode of joints.

Rod-like LiFe1−xMnxPO4/C cathode with particle size of about 300–500 nm was fabricated successfully via simple hydrothermal method. By means of adjusting the manganese content of LiFe1−xMnxPO4, the electrochemical property was studied to clarify the effect of manganese content. LiFe1−xMnxPO4/C sample with x = 0.70 showed the superior specific discharge capacity of 153.1 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.1 C, and the electrochemical mechanism analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectra demonstrated that the LiFe0.30Mn0.70PO4/C exhibited the smallest charge transfer impedance and the largest lithium-ion diffusion coefficient. With the increase of manganese content, the reduction of discharge capacity is attributed to the linear decrease of Mn2+/Mn3+ reduction reaction. When x = 0.80, the two discharge platforms located at 3.5 and 3.9 V, respectively, reach a maximum, which result from the reduction electromotive force of Fe2+/Fe3+ affected by the addition of manganese ions since the discharge platform of LiMnPO4 is higher than that of LiFePO4.

Polyploidization plays a critical role in producing new gene functions and promoting species evolution. Effective identification of polyploid types can be helpful in exploring the evolutionary mechanism. However, current methods for detecting polyploid types have some major limitations, such as being time-consuming and strong subjectivity, etc. In order to objectively and scientifically recognize collinearity fragments and polyploid types, we developed PolyReco method, which can automatically label collinear regions and recognize polyploidy events based on the KS dotplot. Combining with whole-genome collinearity analysis, PolyReco uses DBSCAN clustering method to cluster KS dots. According to the distance information in the x-axis and y-axis directions between the categories, the clustering results are merged based on certain rules to obtain the collinear regions, automatically recognize and label collinear fragments. According to the information of the labeled collinear regions on the y-axis, the polyploidization recognition algorithm is used to exhaustively combine and obtain the genetic collinearity evaluation index of each combination, and then draw the genetic collinearity evaluation index graph. Based on the inflection point on the graph, polyploid types and related chromosomes with polyploidy signal can be detected. The validation experiments showed that the conclusions of PolyReco were consistent with the previous study, which verified the effectiveness of this method. It is expected that this approach can become a reference architecture for other polyploid types classification methods.

The CoSb3-based skutterudite, as a medium-temperature thermoelectric material, shows excellent thermoelectric performance, but intrinsic high thermal conductivity suppresses enhancement of the ZT value. Here, the Yb0.2(CoSb2.875Te0.125)4 sample was synthesized by the melting reaction, high energy ball milling and the spark plasma sintering, which followed by different processes in order to obtain proper porous structures and eliminate undesirable phases. Elimination of residual stress via annealing results in the formation of micro- and nanopores. The Seebeck coefficient of the S4 sample with the micro- and nanopores is greatly enhanced due to the reduction of the carrier concentration induced by the energy filtering effect of the micro- and nanopores. The power factor achieves 3310 µW m−1 K−2 at 773 K for the sample prepared by pickling and spraying gold particles. The annealed S4 sample with the micro- and nanopores presents a greatly reduced thermal conductivity (~ 1.4 W m−1 K−1) due to the existing abundant the irregularly shaped pores and grain boundaries. Eventually, reasonable porous structures improve the thermoelectric merit (ZT) by 56%.

BACKGROUND Treatment of chronic inflammatory pain remains a major goal in the clinic. It is thus of prime importance to characterize inherent pathophysiological pathways to design new therapeutic strategies and analgesics for pain management. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpenoid glycoside from Paeonia lactiflora Pallas plants, possesses promising anti-nociceptive property. However, therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of action of PF on inflammatory pain have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we aim to investigate the analgesic effect further and clarify its mechanism of action of PF on complete freund's adjuvant (CFA)-evoked inflammatory pain. METHODS Twenty-four male mice were divided into 3 groups: sham, CFA, and CFA + PF groups (n = 8/group). Mice were treated with normal saline or PF (30 mg/kg) for 11 days. Footpad swelling (n = 8/group), mechanical (n = 8/group) and thermal hypersensitivity (n = 8/group) were measured to evaluate the analgesic effect of PF on CFA-injected mice. At the end of the animal experiment, blood and L4-L6 dorsal root ganglion neurons were collected to assess the therapeutic effect of PF on CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Next, hematoxylin and eosin, quantitative realtime PCR, ELISA, capsaicin and dimethyl succinate induced pain test (n = 8/group), motor coordination test (n = 8/group), tail flicking test (n = 8/group), pyruvate and succinate dehydrogenase assay (n = 6/group), immunohistochemical staining, were performed to clarify the action mechanism of PF on CFA-evoked inflammatory pain. Besides, the effect of PF on TRPV1 was evaluated by whole-cell patch clamp recording on primary neurons (n = 7). Finally, molecular docking further performed to evaluate the binding ability of PF to TRPV1. RESULTS PF significantly relieved inflammatory pain (P

The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis comparing the oncological, intraoperative and safety outcomes in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery with and without preservation of the left colic artery (LCA).We searched several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. This meta-analysis included randomized clinical trials, prospective, and retrospective comparative studies regarding high- or modified low-tie ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery.Of 641 potentially eligible articles, 16 studies with 3050 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in estimated blood loss (WMD -2.63, 95% CI -5.69 to 0.43; P = .09), the number of harvested lymph nodes (WMD -0.35, 95% CI -1.60 to 0.20; P = .50), the number of apical lymph node yield (WMD -0.19, 95% CI -0.52 to 0.13; P = .24), the number of apical lymph node metastasis (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.45; P = .40), rate of conversion to open surgery (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.09; P = .513), rate of urinary dysfunction (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.71 to 2.74; P = .34), rate of recurrence and metastasis (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.61; P = .64), 5-year survival rate (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.18; P = .42). However, this meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in operating time (WMD -9.92, 95% CI -15.49 to -5.84; P = .0005), rate of diverting stom (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.92; P = .02), rate of anastomotic leakage (OR 2.673, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.62; P .00001), time to first flatus (WMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.48; P = .002), time of hospitalization (WMD 0.64, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.15; P = .01) between the 2 surgical techniques.The available evidence suggests that preserving the left colic artery is a safe, effective technique for patients with laparoscopic rectal cancer. nique for patients with laparoscopic rectal cancer.

In this study, natural loofah was used as a raw material to adsorb cooking fume pollutants after grinding into a powder (TGS), activation by phosphoric acid to generate activated loofah carbon (TGSC-0), and further modification by Fenton’s reagent (TGSC-1). SEM, GC-MS, FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction analyses, in addition to surface area and pore measurements, were used to characterize the adsorption performance of TGS, TGSC-0, and TGSC-1 toward cooking fume pollutants including oils, particulate matter, and non-methane hydrocarbon). TGSC-1 was the best adsorbent when compared against TGS and TGSC-0, and exhibited saturated adsorption capacities for oil, non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), PM2.5, and PM10 of 10.367 mg/g, 4.132 mg/g, 5.613 μg/g, and 16.486 μg/g, respectively. Microscopy indicated that the TGSC-1 surface was rougher than that of TGSC-0. In addition, the adsorption properties of TGSC-1 were enhanced due to abundant hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups on the material surfaces, while iron was also present in the amorphous form that was generated on TGSC-1 surfaces from Fenton’s reagent. As TGSC-1 mass increased, the adsorption breakthrough time and adsorption capacity for simulated cooking fumes (SCFs) gradually increased. Further, Langmuir models better fit the adsorption process based on the highest R2 values being observed for Langmuir model fitting curves of TGSC-1 adsorption of pollutants (i.e., oils, NMHC, PM2.5, and PM10) from SCF, suggesting that adsorption was primarily due to monolayer adsorption and that chemical adsorption plays a major role in this process. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TGSC adsorption technology in the treatment of cooking fumes.

This paper presents a single-pole 32-throw (SP32T) switch with an operating frequency of up to 6 GHz for 5G communication applications. Compared to the traditional SP32T module implemented by the waveguide package with large volume and power, the proposed switch can significantly simplify the system with a smaller size and light weight. The proposed SP32T scheme utilizing tree structure can dramatically reduce the dc power and enhance isolation between different output ports, which makes it suitable for low-power 5G communication. A design methodology of a novel transmission (ABCD) matrix is proposed to optimize the switch, which can achieve low insertion loss and high isolation simultaneously. The average insertion loss and the isolations are 1.5 and 35 dB at 6 GHz operating frequency, respectively. The switch exhibits the measured input return loss which is better than 10 dB at 6 GHz. The 1 dB input compression point of SP32T is 15 dBm. The prototype is designed in 5 V 0.25 μm GaAs technology and occupies a small area of 12 mm2.

In recent years, topological crystalline insulators have attracted increased attention due to practical demands of tunable electronic, spin electronic and thermoelectric devices. As an important topological crystalline insulator, mono-crystalline SnTe octahedra with {111} dominated surfaces, were successfully synthesized on a large scale via a surfactant-free hydrothermal synthesis route in this work. Important controlling factors for phase and morphology, i.e. reaction temperature, reactant concentration and stoichiometric ratio, are discussed in detail. The results indicated that high temperature is favorable for forming pure phase, and excessive Sn suppresses the appearance of SnTe with octahedral morphology. Lower reactant concentration is beneficial to preparing uniform SnTe octahedra via the selective growth mechanism. Crystallographic characteristics of the SnTe octahedra were investigated using focused ion beam, electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The hexagonal-like micro-plate (cut from an octahedron) was confirmed as mono-crystalline by the corresponding three Euler angle maps, the Kikuchi diffraction pattern and selected-area diffraction. It can be further deduced from the multiple experimental results that surfaces of octahedral SnTe are dominated by {111} crystallographic planes and the average size is 1–3 μm. Controllable mono-crystalline octahedra would effectively promote the development of topological crystalline insulators and their micro devices.

Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) with rich R-TiO2 (17.06, 23.69, and 34.42 wt%), namely, R-TiO2@Li4Ti5O12 composites, were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) as the precursor. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the proportion of Li occupying 16d sites is extraordinary low and the lattice constants of LTO and R-TiO2 change with the titanium dioxide content. EIS measurements showed that with increasing R-TiO2 content, both its charge transfer impedance (Rct) and lithium ion diffusion coefficient (DLi) decreased. The changes of Rct and DLi caused by the increase of titanium dioxide content have synergic-antagonistic effects on the rate and cycle properties of Li4Ti5O12. The rate performance is positively related to DLi, while the cycle property is negatively correlated with Rct, indicating that the rate performance is mainly related to DLi, while Rct more significantly affects the cycle performance. LTO-RT-17.06% exhibited excellent rate properties, especially under a high current density (5.0 C, 132.5 mAh/g) and LTO-RT-34.42% showed superior long-term cycle performance (0.012% capacity loss per cycle) compared to that of LTO-RT-17.06% and LTO-RT-23.69%.

Thermoelectric (TE) materials attract worldwide attention due to their energy conversion advantage from its stability and no moving parts. Au/SnSe composites are designed and prepared by using vacu...

Cr3+-doped Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) was fabricated by spray drying followed by a solid-state reaction. The crystal structure and morphology of the sample was tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that Cr3+-doped LTO not only significantly improved the discharge specific capacity but also maintained the original 1.55-V discharge platform. During the process of discharge–charge, Cr3+-doped LTO showed a long discharge plateau (91.4% of the entire discharge process) at 1.55 V and an ultra-high initial discharge specific capacity of 240.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 °C. Furthermore, it can maintain 144.7 mAh g−1 at 5.0 °C after 200cycles, which is 92% of its initial discharge capacity.

In this work, the polycrystalline SnSe bulk samples were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) using the SnSe powders, which were synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction (HR) or the melting reaction (MR), respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal strong orientation along the [l00] direction for both wafer samples, but there is obvious different micro-morphologies in the powder and the bulk fracture as shown in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The zigzag type texturing characteristic appears in the entire interior of the bulk sample prepared by the process (HR + SPS), while random arrangement occurs in interior of another bulk sample prepared by the process (MR + SPS).The formation mechanism of the zigzag type texturing come mainly from control of initial powders morphology and pressing into pre-pressed blocks by layers. The special zigzag type texturing characteristic improve the thermoelectric properties of samples, and the highest ZT value (~ 0.67) at 773 K were found in the SnSe bulk sample prepared by the process (HR + SPS) in the direction parallel to the pressing axis. The thermoelectric compatibility factor of samples prepared by the process (HR + SPS) are less than 2 at 773 K. The fracture toughness in the plane that vertical or parallel to the pressing direction was calculated to be 4.0 MPam1/2 and 4.2 MPam1/2, respectively. The proper thermoelectric compatibility factor and fracture toughness make the SnSe system better application prospect.

SrTiO3 fibers were fabricated by an in situ hydrothermal method using hydrated TiO2 fibers as both template and reactant. La0.1Dy0.1Sr0.75TiO3 powders containing x wt.% SrTiO3 fibers (x = 0, 1, 3, 5) were prepared by the sol–gel method and then sintered at 1450 °C under a reducing atmosphere (N2/H2 = 95/5). XRD analysis showed that the samples were mainly composed of SrTiO3 phase and a few Dy2Ti2O7 phase. TiO2 phase was detected in the samples with x = 3 and x = 5, and its peak intensity clearly reinforced with increasing x. With the addition of SrTiO3 fibers, the electrical conductivity increased significantly and the Seebeck coefficient kept almost unchanged, resulting in a high power factor of 1015 μW m−1 K−2 at 200 °C with a loading of 3 wt.% SrTiO3 fibers. Meanwhile, combined with low thermal conductivity, the sample with 3 wt.% SrTiO3 fibers showed the peak ZT value of 0.19 at 500 °C, which was 127% higher than that of La0.1Dy0.1Sr0.75TiO3.

Li4Ti5O12/C–C (using glucose and polyurethane as double carbon sources) microspheres with particle sizes ranging from 200 to 300 nm were fabricated with a spray drying method, followed by a solid-state reaction. Compared with pure Li4Ti5O12 and Li4Ti5O12/C (using glucose as single carbon source), Li4Ti5O12/C–C exhibits higher rate performance and better cycling properties. The initial discharge capacity of Li4Ti5O12/C–C can reach 152.6 mA h g−1 at 5.0 C, which is much higher than the discharge capacity of pure Li4Ti5O12 (124.7 mA h g−1) and Li4Ti5O12/C (141 mA h g−1). Li4Ti5O12/C–C delivers a reversible capacity of 152.1 mA h g−1 (99.7% of capacity retention) during a cycle test at 5.0 C (400 cycles). This capacity is much higher than that of pure Li4Ti5O12 (118.5 mA h g−1, 95.1%) and Li4Ti5O12/C (140 mA h g−1, 99.3%). What is more gratifying is that the discharge capacity of Li4Ti5O12/C–C is still 131 mA h g−1 after another 1600 cycles, and the Coulombic efficiency remains close to 100%, indicating the crystal structure remains stable. These excellent electrochemical properties are attributed to the different carbon content and contribution from the double carbon source coating, which increases electronic conductivity, the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions, and the effective polarization reduction. In our work, Li4Ti5O12/C–C exhibits excellent rate capacity and super long high-rate cycle properties by improving lithium ion diffusion coefficient (DLi) and reducing the charge transfer resistance (Rct) which comes from the higher carbon content and double carbon sources.

Berry curvature plays a crucial role in exotic electronic states of quantum materials, such as the intrinsic anomalous Hall effect. As Berry curvature is highly sensitive to subtle changes of electronic band structures, it can be finely tuned via external stimulus. Here, we demonstrate in SrRuO(3) thin films that both the magnitude and sign of anomalous Hall resistivity can be effectively controlled with epitaxial strain. Our first-principles calculations reveal that epitaxial strain induces an additional crystal field splitting and changes the order of Ru d orbital energies, which alters the Berry curvature and leads to the sign and magnitude change of anomalous Hall conductivity. Furthermore, we show that the rotation of the Ru magnetic moment in real space of a tensile-strained sample can result in an exotic nonmonotonic change of anomalous Hall resistivity with the sweeping of magnetic field, resembling the topological Hall effect observed in noncoplanar spin systems. These findings not only deepen our understanding of anomalous Hall effect in SrRuO(3) systems but also provide an effective tuning knob to manipulate Berry curvature and related physical properties in a wide range of quantum materials.

In this study, chitin aerogel doped with nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO

Objective: The present study was aimed at exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the action of ginseng in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) using network pharmacology. Methods: The main effective ginseng ingredients were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) database and screened for oral bioavailability (OB), as well as drug-like properties (DL). A platform of PD targets was established using GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases, and then an “effective ingredient-target-disease” interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. A STRING database was used to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and the related protein interactions were analyzed. Finally, we performed functional analyses of core targets using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Gene and Gene Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and then conducted molecular docking of the effective ingredients with disease targets. Results: Ninety-seven effective ginseng ingredients and 168 potential targets of PD were identified in the present study. Network analysis showed that the targets were mainly involved in regulating cell metabolism, apoptosis, and other biological processes (BPs). Further, it was noted that the effects of the targets on treatment of PD involved regulation of several signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), advanced glycation end products (AGE), and receptors of advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The results of molecular docking showed that the active ginseng ingredients bind well with the targets of MAPK3 and MAPK14. Conclusion: The main active compounds of ginseng in the treatment of PD may be ginsenosides, and the molecular mechanism may be related to key targets such as MAPK3, MAPK14, and EGFR. The MAPK and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways may also be involved.

A lap shear test is employed to evaluate the interfacial bonding strength between unidirectional CF/PEEK tapes as quantification of bonding quality. In this study, a novel tab is proposed to ameliorate bonding testing. The crucial role of developed tabs is to avoid the adherend fracture that is typically observed in specimens with conventional tabs. Specimens with different tab, bonding processes, and lap lengths are prepared and tested. Moreover, theoretical analysis is conducted to predict bonding strength, and finite element simulations are also performed for stress distribution in these specimens with different types of tabs. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the full tab is employed in the bonding test, the stress concentration reduces nearly by 6 times, and the failure mode coincides with the expected requirement. Additionally, the highest estimation of bonding strength increases nearly by 69%, and is approximately consistent with the theoretical calculation, up to 98.6%. This tab configuration, with low dependence on processes and joint parameters, describes a straightforward and efficient procedure to meliorate the quantification of the bonding strength, and is found to be applicable in the tape placement process and single-lap-joint assemblies for thermoplastic composites.

As a key component to ensure the safety and stability of the surface-mounted permanent magnet motor rotor, stress research on the sleeve has long been a subject that has attracted researchers. Fiber-reinforced composite materials have the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific modulus, and low eddy current loss. The use of a fiber-reinforced composite material sleeve that can effectively reduce the thickness of the sleeve and structural weight, and can improve the power density of the motor is an inevitable trend of the development of high-performance permanent magnet motors. This paper summarizes the matching of fibers and resins of composite materials to the sleeve: the stress design criteria, stress calculation method, and stress influencing factors of the composite sleeve; two typical stress-forming methods of the composite sleeve; and the preloading effect of the sleeve, strength, and rotor prototype performance testing. This paper focuses on the application of tension winding technology in sleeve forming. Based on the characteristics of composite material layer synthesis, this method has the advantages of high forming efficiency, small forming damage, easy realization of stress design, and a high preloading effect. This method can meet the sleeve-forming requirements of high-performance, large-scale, high-speed permanent magnet motors. However, the application of the new high-performance material system in the existing research is insufficient, the research on the technological factors in the tension winding process is scarce, and the performance testing method after the sleeve preparation is single, which needs further research.

The residual stress plays an important role in composite flywheel rotors composed of filament windings. The fiber tension during high-prestressed winding is the main source of the rotor deformation and residual stress of composite layers. In this study, the effect of the winding tension gradient on deformation was monitored in real-time. Two types of in-plane winding tension fluctuation methods were developed to investigate the effect of tension on deformation. Online and offline measurements were performed for the strain acquisition. A wireless strain instrument was used for online deformation monitoring and a laser scanner was used for the offline surface reconstruction. Additionally, different filament winding strategies were carried out to improve the efficiency of the winding tension by finite element analysis. The results indicated that the deviation between numerical and experimental results was within 8%. Based on the proposed numerical method, the influence of the in-plane and out-of-plane winding tension gradient distributions on the rotation process of the H-shaped rotor was analyzed. An in-plane winding strategy with variable tension was developed, which increased the initial failure speed by 160%.

We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). From July 2011 to June 2021, we finally selected 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 1,064 participants to evaluate the efficacy of LI-ESWT in the treatment of ED from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The data are analyzed by Review Manager Version 5.4. Fifteen articles mentioned International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), in the follow-up of 1 month (mean difference [MD] = 3.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.38, 4.98], p = .0005), 3 months (MD = 3.01, 95% CI = [2.04, 3.98], p < .00001), and 6 months (MD = 3.20, 95% CI = [2.49, 3.92], p < .00001). After treatment, the improvement of IIEF in the LI-ESWT group was better than that in the control group. Besides, eight of the 16 trials provided data on the proportion of patients with baseline Erectile Hardness Score (EHS) ≤ 2 improved to EHS ≥ 3. The LI-ESWT group was also significantly better than the placebo group (odds ratio [OR] = 5.07, 95% CI = [1.78, 14.44], p = .002). The positive response rate of Questions 2 and 3 of the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) was not statistically significant (SEP2: OR = 1.27, 95% CI = [0.70, 2.30], p = .43; SEP3: OR = 4.24, 95% CI = [0.67, 26.83], p = .13). The results of this meta-analysis suggest that treatment plans with an energy density of 0.09 mJ/mm2 and pulses number of 1,500 to 2,000 are more beneficial to IIEF in ED patients. In addition, IIEF improvement was more pronounced in patients with moderate ED after extracorporeal shockwave therapy.

Rationale: Tension-free repair of inguinal hernia with prosthetic materials in adults has become a routine surgical procedure. However, serious complications may arise such as mesh displacement, infection, and even enterocutaneous fistula (EF). The management of chronic mesh infection (CMI) complicated by an EF is very challenging. A simple treatment of infected mesh removal and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) may cure the patients with EF with CMI. Patient concerns: A 75-year-old male patient underwent tension-free treatment for a bilateral inguinal hernia at a county hospital 10 years ago. Three months before admission, the right groin gradually formed a skin sinus with outflow of fetid thin pus, and it could not heal. Diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed preoperatively with mesh plug adhesion to the intestine, which resulted in low-flow EF combined with CMI. Interventions: The patient received a simple treatment mode consisting of an incision made from the original incision, but the new incision did not penetrate the abdominal cavity; treatment included resection of the fistula, removal of the mesh, repair of the intestine and local tissue, and continuous irrigation of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) devices for NPWT. Outcomes: The infected mesh was completely removed. Five VSD devices were utilized to treat the EF and wound. The time from intervention to wound healing was 35 days, and follow-up for 6 months revealed no infection and no hernia recurrence in the right groin. Lessons: The NPWT is effective in treating CMI concomitant with EF and does not increase the risk of hernia recurrence.

Spinel-structured Li x Mn 2 O 4 (x = 1.0, 1.02, 1.04, and 1.06) cathode materials have been synthesized by a solid-state method using Mn 3 O 4 and Li 2 CO 3 as raw materials. The Mn 4+ content gradually decreases from 84.80% to 82.62% and then increases from 82.62% to 88.98%, when the Li content increases from 1.00 to 1.06. The rate capability of the LiMn 2 O 4 samples evidently increases as the lithium content increases from 1.00 to 1.06. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate that the R ct values gradually increase from 58.33 Ω to 133.1 Ω and then decrease from 133.1 Ω to 68.79 Ω when the Li concentration increases from 1.00 to 1.06. The R sf values also increase from 25.67 Ω to 37.84 Ω and then decrease from 37.84 Ω to 16.69 Ω, when the Li concentration increases from 1.00 to 1.06. These changes in Mn 4+ content, R sf , and R ct with the increase in Li content are related to changes in the second phase in LiMn 2 O 4 .

The influence of excessive lithium on the crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of Fe-deficient LixFePO4 (x = 1.00, 1.02, 1.04, 1.05) cathode material was investigated using co-precipitation and the carbon thermal method. The X-ray diffraction pattern and Rietveld refinement results show that excessive Li+ combines with the phosphate group to form Li3PO4 rather than occupying the Fe site to form antisite pairs. Benefitting from the intrinsic ion conductivity of lithium phosphate, the lithium diffusion coefficient of LixFePO4 increases. However, the charge transfer impedance (Rct) also increases with increasing Li content due to the presence of Li3PO4, a nonconductive phase that can block the electric transfer channel. The biphasic LixFePO4 (x = 1.02) compound shows the best performance. This work suggests an effective and easy way to improve the electrochemical performance by adding excessive Li, which leads to the formation of Li3PO4.

To meet the requirements of hydrophobicity, durability, and anti-icing properties for aircraft coatings, a hydrophobic modified epoxy matrix was incorporated with micro-nano fluoropolymer particles to prepare a superhydrophobic coating. This composite coating exhibited decreased surface energy and significantly improved hydrophobicity and mechanical properties. The coating exhibited the maximum contact angle and the minimum sliding angle of 160° and 2°, respectively, and maintained its superhydrophobic properties even after 240 abrasion cycles and 360 s of sand blasting. Moreover, the coating exhibited good adhesion, corrosion and ageing resistance, and self-cleaning properties. Furthermore, water droplets rapidly bounced off the superhydrophobic coating and the freezing time was effectively extended. The coating exhibited long-term, stable anti-icing performance and, thus, was found to be applicable in aircraft anti-icing systems.

Experimental studies on the liquidus temperature and phase relations of the ZnO–‘FeO’–SiO2–MgO system have been investigated at Po2 10−8 atm related to the copper smelting slag. The experimental technique applied in present study involves master slag preparation, high-temperature equilibration, quenching and EPMA analysis. The impact of MgO content on the liquidus temperature and partitioning behaviour of ZnO has been evaluated. It was found that the presence of MgO content in the slag can significantly increase liquidus temperature in spinel primary phase field and narrow the full liquid area at a given operating temperature. The ZnO and MgO concentrations in the liquid phase are higher than those in the spinel phase. The present study provides more accurate information for copper smelting slags and optimisation of the thermodynamic modelling.

Preferential aligned SnSe micro-sheets were successfully synthesized via a surfactant-free hydrothermal synthesis route. The Lotgering factor F and the intensity ratio of (400) to (111) for SnSe Micro-sheets prepared by the optimized process is 0.64, 9.85, respectively, which verify the obvious textured characteristic of micro-sheets. The micro-sheets with uniform composition are polycrystallines with an orthorhombic crystal structure, show the preferential aligned morphology assembled by a great deal of nano-particles according to observation and analysis from the electron diffraction pattern, the lattice fringe, the Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Through deep observation from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, an arc pattern verifies the textured characteristic of the SnSe sheet. The preferential aligned growth mechanism can be understood by researching effect of reaction temperature, alkali concentration on phase, preferred orientation and morphology. A proper temperature can control textured degree via adjusting effective diffusion, rotation of nano-crystal and fluid movement. Increasing alkali concentration enhances the surface adsorption stability of chalcogenides, and decreases new nucleation site in the (011) face, and helps the dis-matched nano-crystal re-dissolute, which results in formation of square-like textured micro-sheets. A proposed growth mechanism of textured SnSe micro-sheets with two growth models (the lateral growth model and the vertical growth model) is provided, and the two growth models control textured characteristic of micro-sheets, which can be adjusted by change of reaction temperature and alkali concentration.