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The Bibliotheca Enchusana or Librije of Enkhuizen is one of the oldest libraries that are still preserved in situ in the Netherlands and can rightfully be called a unique book historical monument. In this dissertation the history of the Librije is reconstructed through a new scholarly catalogue, which is based on a hands-on examination of all the books from the library’s holdings. The catalogue contains extensive bibliographical descriptions as well as information about the physical evidence of every book’s unique history, such as inscriptions of former owners, binding details, and manuscript annotations. Together with information from archival documents, the new catalogue helps to better understand the holdings of the Librije, their origin and history, as well as the use and function of the library since its foundation. Subsequently, this dissertation explores how the specific character of Enkhuizen influenced the Librije and how the role of the library changed throughout history.

Resumen. Objetivo/contexto: Este artículo examina la presencia de estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional entre los lectores de la Biblioteca Nacional durante la primera mitad de la década de 1870. Aunque algunos observadores de la época consideraron la biblioteca inoperante, la institución fue un agente activo en la circulación del libro en Bogotá: un espacio de sociabilidad estudiantil y un lugar de saber universitario. Metodología: En primer lugar, se presenta la relación institucional entre la biblioteca y la universidad. A continuación, se caracteriza a los estudiantes y sus lecturas en la biblioteca. Finalmente, se analizan las lecturas registradas en relación con los programas de los cursos de la Universidad Nacional, el desempeño académico de los estudiantes, la presentación de discursos públicos y la asistencia a la biblioteca de estudiantes provenientes de regiones distintas a Bogotá y sus alrededores. Originalidad: En un escenario reformista de la educación, adelantado por los gobiernos liberales durante la década de 1870, la Biblioteca Nacional fue adjetivada como “anacrónica” e “inútil” por los actores mismos del siglo xix. Estos juicios críticos se han convertido en un lugar común de la historiografía. El análisis de nuevos documentos, particularmente del registro de lectores de la biblioteca -una fuente inédita- enriquece el universo de la apropiación de la lectura y ofrece elementos empíricos que revindican la centralidad de la institución en un momento de pugnas políticas e ideológicas. Conclusiones: Se demuestra que los jóvenes estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional utilizaron los libros de la colección pública en espacios académicos de formación profesional, lo que pone en entredicho la idea de su inoperancia y cuestiona los motivos que originaron las críticas liberales. Abstract. Objective/Context: This article examines the presence of students from the National University among the readers of the National Library during the first half of the 1870s. Although some contemporary observers considered the library to be inoperative, the institution was an active agent in the circulation of books in Bogotá: a space of student sociability and a place of university knowledge. Methodology: First, the paper examines the institutional relationship between the library and the university. Then, it characterizes the students and their readings at the library. Finally, it analyzes the recorded readings in relation to the programs of courses taught at the National University, the academic performance of students, the presentation of public speeches, and library attendance by students from regions other than Bogotá and its surroundings. Originality: In a scenario of educational reforms promoted by liberal governments during the 1870s, the National Library was described as “anachronistic” and “useless” by the agents themselves of the nineteenth century. These critical judgments have become a commonplace in historiography. The analysis of new documents, especially library reader records-an unpublished source-, enriches the field of reading appropriation and offers empirical elements that vindicate the institution’s centrality at a time of political and ideological struggles. Conclusions: The article demonstrates that young students at the National University used books from the public repository in academic spaces of professional training, which calls into question the idea of its inoperative character as well as the reasons that originated this liberal criticism. Resumo. Objetivo/contexto: Neste artigo, questiona-se a presença de alunos da Universidad Nacional entre os leitores da Biblioteca Nacional durante a primeira metade da década de 1870. Embora alguns observadores da época considerassem a biblioteca inoperante, a instituição foi um agente ativo na circulação de livros em Bogotá: um espaço de sociabilidade estudantil e um lugar de saber universitário. Metodologia: Primeiramente, é apresentada a relação institucional entre a biblioteca e a universidade. A seguir, são caracterizados os alunos e sua leitura na biblioteca. Por fim, as leituras registradas são analisadas com relação aos programas dos cursos da Universidad Nacional, o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos, a apresentação de discursos públicos e a frequência da presença de alunos que são de outras regiões, que não seja Bogotá e adjacências. Originalidade: Em um cenário reformista de educação, defendido pelos governos liberais durante a década de 1870, a Biblioteca Nacional foi qualificada como “anacrônica” e “inútil” por alguns atores do século xix. Esses julgamentos críticos tornaram-se um clichê na historiografia. A análise de novos documentos, em particular do leitor da biblioteca -fonte inédita- enriquece o universo da apropriação da leitura e oferece elementos empíricos que reivindicam a centralidade da instituição em um momento de lutas políticas e ideológicas. Conclusões: Fica evidente que os jovens alunos da Universidad Nacional utilizaram os livros do acervo público em espaços acadêmicos de formação profissional, o que põe em xeque a ideia de sua ineficácia e questiona os motivos que originaram as críticas liberais.

L’abbaye de Saint-Maximin de Trèves n’a guère suscité d’études ou de projets centrés sur son patrimoine manuscrit et livresque. Les quelques publications concernant la bibliothèque et le scriptorium de l’abbaye se sont essentiellement attardées sur les productions majeures antérieures à l’an mil. Passé cette date, l’état de l’art se borne à la transcription de deux catalogues datant respectivement du xiie siècle et de la fin du xive siècle, et dont l’édition scientifique demeure un desideratu...

This is a pre-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Information & Culture 56, no. 3 (2021) following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available from University of Texas Press.

Die Transformation von Wissen und Forschung der Geisteswissenschaften in den digitalen Raum ist im Arbeitsalltag bereits weit fortgeschritten. Mit dieser Transformation, die sich als eine rasante technische Revolution vollzieht, entwickelt sich nicht zuletzt eine neue digitale Wissensordnung. Unsere Ordnungssysteme reichen kulturell viele Jahrhunderte, bis weit in das Mittelalter und die Antike zurück. Die Ordnung des Wissens ist fundamental, denn erst Ordnung macht Wissen zu Wissen, indem sie Wissenswertes von Nicht-Wissenswertem trennt. Wissensordnungen sind immer hierarchisierend, weshalb man zu jeder Zeit intensiv um die Ordnung des Wissens gerungen hat. Sie muss sich mit neuen Bildungssystemen ebenso wandeln, wie sie sich durch neu erschlossene Wissensbereiche, neue soziale Gruppen oder neue Anforderungen innerhalb der Gesellschaft verändert. In dem Beitrag geht es um methodische Ansätze zur Erforschung vormoderner Buchsammlungen als haptisch erfahrbare Wissensräume und den damit verbundenen langfristigen Dynamiken, die es erlauben, die fundamentalen Unterschiede zwischen der analogen und der digitalen Umgebung neu zu reflektieren. The transformation of knowledge and research in the humanities into the digital space is already well advanced in everyday work. With this transformation, which is taking place as a revolutionary technical revolution, at the same time a new digital knowledge order is developing successively. Culturally, our systems of the ordering of knowledge goes back many centuries, far into the Middle Ages and Antiquity. The ordering is fundamental, because only order turns knowledge into knowledge by separating what is worth knowing from what is not. Knowledge orderings are always hierarchizing, which is why they continuously and intensively have been challenged in all times. The ordering of knowledge has to change with new educational systems, new social groups and just as it changes with newly opened fields of knowledge or new demands within society. This article deals with methodological approaches in reassessing pre-modern religious institutions and book collections as specific knowledge spaces, in order to reflect the long term dynamics and the fundamental differences between the analog and the digital knowledge environment.

The paper presents the antiquarian volumes in one of the most interesting 18th-century private libraries in Genoa, the Durazzo family book collection. The reference source for this collection is the manuscript “Catalogo per ordine di materie della Libreria del Sig.r Marchese Marcello Durazzo” kept at the British Library in London – and here for the first time transcribed in the part concerning the editions of interest – which contains a list of the fortyeight items referable to antiquarian materials. For each of these items we have searched for a match in the online catalogues and, where possible, we have identified the specimens still preserved in the Genoese collections.

The paper discusses the results of a survey focusing on a number of books of the Berio Library, dealing with antiques, and dating back to a period from the 16th to the 18th century. Some early-19th-century editions are also mentioned. The paper explores the most important book collections of that library: Berio, Canevari and Brignole Sale; each collection is illustrated in a separate chapter. Discussion is provided about the historical development of antiquarian disciplines such as numismatics, epigraphy, topographical-antiquarian descriptions; ancient traditions; and ancient Italic peoples, such as pre-Roman and Etruscan. Following the evolution from antiquarian studies to archaeological research, emphasis is placed on the increasing attention to non-literary sources. The examination of books and the provenance research have been undertaken by using archival sources. They have provided some information about the cultural interests of their owners, although in an unsystematic way. They have highlighted variety and quality of the so far little-known book heritage of the Berio Library concerning the ancient world, that can be further analyzed in order to better know the cultural profile of personalities involved in building the books collections.

The author has divided her article into two parts. The first part describes the status and research of aristocratic libraries in Slovakia. For a certain period of time, these libraries occupied an underappreciated place in the history of book culture in Slovakia. The socialist ideology of the ruling regime allowed their collections (with a few exceptions) to be merged with those of public libraries and archives. The author describes the events that affected these libraries during and particularly after the end of World War II and which had an adverse impact on the current disarrayed state and level of research. Over the past decades, there has been increased interest in the history of aristocratic libraries, as evidenced by multiple scientific conferences, exhibitions and publications. The second part of the article is devoted to a brief history of the best-known aristocratic libraries that were founded and operated in the territory of today’s Slovakia. From the times of humanism, there are the book collections of the Thurzó family and the Zay family, leading Austro-Hungarian noble families and the library of the bishop of Nitra, Zakariás Mossóczy. An example of a Baroque library is the Pálffy Library at Červený Kameň Castle. The Enlightenment period is represented by the Andrássy family libraries in the Betliar manor and the Apponyi family in Oponice.

On the example of the library The Scientific Library of The Khmelnytskyi National University considered the history and components of spiritual and cultural wealth of the university library, which in 55 years has become a treasure of knowledge and a basis for further expansion of educational, scientific and cultural potential of the region. The subject of research is the history of the university library and its resource base as part of the spiritual treasury of the university. Research carried out by analysis and comparison, the study documents from the history the library and the university on the basis of personal of work experience in library. Research has scientific and practical importance and will be useful for local historians, students and library professionals and managers of universities., В статье рассматриваются разные аспекты истории Научной библиотеки Хмельницкого национального университета, выявлены основные составляющие ее духовных и культурных богатств, определена роль библиотеки в создании и развитии духовного наследия вуза., У статті розглянуто різні аспекти історії Наукової бібліотеки Хмельницького національного університету, висвітлено основні складові її духовних і культурних багатств, визначено роль книгозбірні у створенні та розвитку духовної спадщини вишу.

The past has a durable afterlife in the Library of Congress Classification (LCC). The classification of Eastern European history underlines this quality to dramatic effect. This article tells the s...

The article provides a brief overview of the history of the beginning and development of libraries: from the oldest library of Ashurbanipal, in whose collection books were clay cuneiform tablets to the recognized world’s best multifunctional city library of Helsinki with modern equipment. The author hadn’t task to create a detailed chronology of the history of libraries development. Author focused on not only to public libraries, but also to University libraries, since University libraries have always been the flagships of librarianship. The important role of national libraries in the formation of statehood is mentioned. The websites of the MSU Scientific Library, the Russian National Library, and the Central City Library of Helsinki Oodi (Finland) were analyzed. The influence of the invention of printing on libraries is noted. The history of library’s functions expansion is considered: from the function of protection book heritage to the function of support of readers. The role and significance of the library in educating the masses is noted. The author mentions the ideological component of educational activities of libraries in Soviet Russia. The author speaks about the serious impact of global technological changes that took place in the XXI century and the introduction of digital technologies in library’s activities, and the search for new forms of library’s work. Conclusions were drawn about the direction in which libraries are being transformed as a socio- cultural institution. Author relied on the scientific works of Boris F. Volodin, Alexey G. Glukhov and other researchers in this field, while preparing this article.

The essay studies the presence of the ancient book heritage in the libraries of Sardinia where, apart from the case of the two University Libraries of Cagliari and Sassari, the most important institutions for the presence of ancient collections are the religious libraries. The relevance of religious libraries for library historiography is one of the topics of the disciplinary debate on which, starting from the specificity of the Sardinian reality, it is possible to develop some reflections. The essay underlines the need to also historically address the study of religious collections in relation to the notion of system. The individual realities, often of modest size and strongly rooted at the territorial level, should be understood as local articulations of a complex library organization, not surprisingly based on centrally defined norms, at the ecclesial or religious order level. On this basis, the case of the Capuchin Library of Cagliari is investigated, one of the most important in Sardinia for the number of ancient volumes, seen in the dialectical relationship between local microcirculation phenomena and adherence to the cultural paradigms of the Order.

International scientific and practical conference “Rumyantsev Readings” in 2020 was held in absentia. The Publishing house of the Russian State Library “Pashkov Dom” prepared the conference proceedings in two parts, which included 176 articles. Among the participants of the conference there are specialists from libraries of all levels and different departmental subordination, museums, archives, Universities, scientific research institutes in Russia, Belarus, Great Britain and Kazakhstan. The articles cover a wide range of issues on the theory and practice of library science, bibliography science, book studies, the history of librarianship and library activities at the present time. Considerable part of the reports was prepared under the theme “Libraries in the context of history: private collections and state book repositories”. In the year of the 75th anniversary of the Victory, many researchers turned to the history of libraries during the Great Patriotic War. The conference proceedings include materials about outstanding representatives of librarianship, researchers and collectors, where the authors analyse and evaluate their activities. Traditionally, “Rumyantsev readings” present a large number of works on the disclosure of the collections of libraries and archives, description of stored materials: manuscripts, rare books and book monuments, art editions, maps and printed music. Within the topics of the section “Library classification systems” there are presented the articles devoted to separate sections of Library Bibliographic Classification and general issues of system modernization and implementing it in practice, publication of LBC schedules and the value of its public e-version for the development of classification search and improving efficient use of library collections. Issues related to the current activities of foreign and, primarily, domestic libraries are presented in extremely wide range: from understanding the place of libraries in the modern space of socio-cultural communication and strategic approaches to innovation management to highlighting specific projects under implementation. The reports raise the topics of training future librarians in higher education institutions and improving their skills in future, developing and implementing standards, digitizing library collections, and bibliometric analysis. The article analyses the state of digitalization of scientific — information activities in libraries, presents characteristics of separate online information resources, raises questions on the development of regulatory framework for labour rationing and the formation of the library’s image in social networks and information publications about it. Publication of the proceedings will serve to achieve the main goal of the conference — to draw attention to the issues of preserving and studying the world cultural heritage, problems of functioning of libraries at the present historical stage, search for ways of innovative development, expand cooperation between cultural, educational, scientific institutions and intercultural interaction.

Purpose This paper aims to outline the history of libraries in Bhutan, to describe the current state of library development and to recommend priority areas for library enhancement. Design/methodology/approach The authors have worked extensively as library professionals in Bhutan and share factual details derived from their personal experience. They review the published literature, particularly the fieldwork of two scholars who studied Bhutan’s libraries and library workers. The authors use their own experience to interpret those findings and make suggestions for future development. Findings The paper briefly traces the evolution of print culture and the history of libraries, exploring monastic, school, college, public and national libraries. The paper examines government policies regarding education and libraries and discusses the acknowledgment of the value of libraries and the lack of actual support. Originality/value There is limited study of the history of reading culture or libraries in Bhutan. The authors document their first-hand experiences and efforts to implement systems for library resource sharing and professional development. The authors hope that this record will serve to illuminate past effort, to describe the unique information environment in Bhutan and to guide future decision-making. The authors recommend many future avenues for study, including reading habits, information-seeking behavior and attitudes toward libraries and librarians.

Study of the history of particular libraries is the important trend of modern domestic and foreign research works, since it contributes to the solution of not only scientific, but also local history and education tasks. Due to the lack of complex research studies on the history of library of the “Society for Mutual Assistance of Salesmen in Tomsk”, this article for the first time considers in detail the activities of library for all twenty years — from its establishment to closure. The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the history of the Society’s library, including its structure, collections, functioning and future destiny.The author collected the data from a wide range of historical sources: the Charter and reports of the Society for the entire period of its existence, anniversary historical essays summarizing the results of 10—20 years of its activity, the printed catalogue of the library, the pre-revolutionary magazine “Bibliotekar” [Librarian]. Information contained in one of them is confirmed directly or indirectly in the other. All this makes it possible to characterize the source base as sufficiently complete and representative.The principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency formed the methodological basis of the research. The article uses the methods of comparative analysis, statistical, chronological and source studies.The article reveals the dependence of the amount of allocations for the library on the financing of other activities of the Society. For the first time, the author compiled the rating of writers among the library’s users, which was headed by both classic writers and authors who are almost forgotten today. The article reconstructs the repertoire of periodicals that were available in the collections.The obtained results reveal the close interrelation and interdependence of all indicators of the library’s activity, including the time of its operation, the amount of financing, the number of users, visits, titles of books and periodicals. This study expands the idea of public initiative in the arrangement of libraries in pre-revolutionary Siberia, the demand for these cultural institutions among the lower strata of Siberian society and their reader’s preferences.

Objetivo: este artículo se propone estudiar la actividad de inspección bibliotecaria en Argentina durante su fase inicial (1914-1924), a partir de la interpretación de los informes confeccionados por el inspector Manuel Borton. Metodología: dos puntos de análisis estructuran el ensayo: 1) la organización burocrática de la inspección y sus dificultades con relación a los saberes bibliotecarios de la época; y 2) los resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos que dejó la extensa gira que Borton emprendió durante 1921 en la provincia de Buenos Aires y el norte del país (Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Salta y Jujuy). Originalidad: se trata de un tema escasamente explorado por la bibliografía académica. Se examinan fuentes no consultadas con anterioridad desde una perspectiva que privilegia el abordaje antropológico, sin renunciar a la comprensión del sistema de inspección en su conjunto. Conclusiones: se considera que Borton formó una incipiente metodología de inspección, caracterizada por una escasa significación técnica y un alto nivel interpretativo de la realidad bibliotecaria argentina. Objective: This article studies the library inspection activity in Argentina during its initial phase (1914-1924). Methodology: Based on the interpretation of reports prepared by the inspector Manuel Borton, among other documents, it analyzes: 1) the bureaucratic organization of the inspection and its difficulties in relation to the library knowledge of the time; and 2) the quantitative and qualitative results left by the extensive tour that Borton undertook during 1921 in the province of Buenos Aires and the north of the country (Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Salta and Jujuy). Originality: This is a topic that has been little explored in academic literature. We examine new sources from a perspective that favors an anthropological approach, without renouncing an understanding of the inspection system as a whole. Conclusions: Borton formed an inspection methodology characterized by low technical significance and a high level of interpretation of the Argentinean library reality. Objetivo: o objetivo do artigo é estudar a atividade de inspeção de bibliotecas na Argentina durante sua fase inicial (1914-1924), com base na interpretação dos relatórios elaborados pelo inspetor Manuel Borton. Metodologia: dois pontos de análise estruturam o ensaio: 1) a organização burocrática da inspeção e suas dificuldades em relação ao conhecimento da biblioteca da época; e 2) os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos da extensa viagem que Borton empreendeu durante 1921 na província de Buenos Aires e no norte do país (Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Salta e Jujuy). Originalidade: este é um assunto pouco explorado na literatura acadêmica. Fontes anteriormente não consultadas são examinadas sob uma perspectiva que favorece uma abordagem antropológica, sem renunciar a uma compreensão do sistema de inspeção como um todo. Conclusões: Borton formou uma metodologia de inspeção caracterizada por um baixo significado técnico e um alto nível de conteúdo interpretativo da realidade da biblioteca argentina Fil: Planas, Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

En este artículo se estudian las actividades realizadas por un grupo de maestras para fundar y administrar una biblioteca en el pueblo de Lobos (Argentina), entre 1912 y 1927. A partir de la interpretación de diferentes documentos, se busca comprender el modo en que gestionaron la biblioteca, el horizonte de lecturas que escogieron y la significación que tuvo la institución para este conjunto de mujeres. Se concluye que las maestras encontraron en la organización de la biblioteca un espacio de nuevas libertades, aun considerando las restricciones sociales, culturales y políticas que en la época pesaban sobre las mujeres. In this article the author presents a study of the activities carried out by a group of teachers to found and manage a library in the town of Lobos (Argentina), between 1912 and 1927. Three aspects constitute the main analysis variables: a) the way the library was managed; b) the books acquired; c) the meaning that the institution had for these women. It is concluded that the teachers found in the organization of the library a space of new freedoms, even considering the social, cultural, and political restrictions that at the time weighed on women. Fil: Planas, Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

RESUMO Neste artigo, descrevem-se as bibliotecas maranhenses no período imperial como espaços de sociabilidade segundo sua natureza, função e projeção, analisando-se o seu papel na instrução pública na província do Maranhão. Identificam-se e comparam-se estratégias em uso pelo Gabinete Português de Leitura, pela Biblioteca Pública Provincial e pela Biblioteca Popular Maranhense para a sua instauração, funcionamento e acesso, que estimularam a formação de leitores e práticas de leituras distintas em públicos-alvo diferenciados. Utiliza-se a história cultural como abordagem teórico-metodológica, cruzando-se diferentes fontes: relatórios/ofícios dos presidentes da província e dos inspetores da instrução pública, leis e regulamentos da instrução, livros de minutas, a imprensa local e a literatura regional. RESUMEN En este artículo, se comprenden las bibliotecas de Maranhão en el período imperial como espacios de sociabilidad según la naturaleza, función y proyección de las mismas, analizando el papel de estas instituciones en la instrucción pública en la provincia de Maranhão. Se identifican y comparan estrategias usadas por el Gabinete Portugués de Lectura, por la Biblioteca Pública Provincial y la Biblioteca Popular Maranhense para la instauración, funcionamiento y acceso que estimularon la formación de lectores y las prácticas de lectura distintas en diferentes públicos. Se utiliza la historia cultural como enfoque teórico-metodológico, cruzándose diferentes fuentes: relatorios/oficios de los presidentes provinciales e inspectores de la instrucción, leyes y reglamentos de la instrucción, libros de minutas, la prensa local y la literatura regional. ABSTRACT This article describes the libraries of Maranhão in the Brazilian Imperial period as spaces of sociability according to their nature, function and projection, analyzing the role of these institutions in public education in the province of Maranhão. It identifies and compares the strategies in use by the Portuguese Reading Office, the Provincial Public Library and the Popular Library of Maranhão for their establishment, operation and access, stimulating the formation of readers and distinct reading practices in different target audiences. Cultural history is used as a theoretical-methodological approach, crossing different sources: reports/official letters from provincial presidents and public education inspectors, education laws and regulations, minute books, the local press and regional literature.

Se presenta un estudio sobre la cultura bibliotecaria del socialismo en la Argentina durante la década de 1910. Dos puntos de análisis estructuran el ensayo: (a) los mensajes transmitidos desde La Vanguardia sobre las bibliotecas en general; (b) los artículos ;que el mismo periódico publicó sobre la Biblioteca Obrera en particular. Se constata que la intensidad y la constancia del tema crearon una retórica bibliotecaria de tono contestatario, dentro de la cual la Biblioteca Obrera sirvió como ejemplificación de las buenas prácticas y del horizonte por alcanzar. Se concluye que esa prédica transmitió una idea de biblioteca que aglutinó a los militantes de la lectura bajo una misma perspectiva y los alentó a formar nuevas y mejores experiencias. A study is presented on the library culture of socialism in Argentina (1910-1920). It analyses: (a) the messages transmitted from La Vanguardia about libraries in general; (b) the articles that the same newspaper published about the Biblioteca Obrera in particular. It is shown that the intensity and constancy of the theme created a critical library rhetoric, within which the Biblioteca Obrera exemplified good practices and the horizon to be followed. It is concluded that this preaching transmitted an idea of a library that brought together the militants of reading under the same perspective and encouraged them to form new and better experiences. Fil: Planas, Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

The sources, both documentary and literary, reveal that books were considered rare and expensive objects during the Late Middle Ages. Therefore, several strategies aimed at guaranteeing their preservation and transmission were implemented. For this reason, notarial documents, such as wills, show the care put into the bequest of the books, especially when they were linked to professional activities, whereas auctions make it clear how this transfer could cause the disintegration and recycling of collections, since they lost their original condition giving rise to situations that usually differed from the initial ones. Finally, analysis of the books reveals that the new owners could alter their morphology by suppressing some of the traces left by the previous holders, in order to provide them with features considered more suitable to their own taste and to the functions that they had to fulfil. El análisis de los testimonios conservados, tanto documentales como literarios y artísticos, revela que, hasta la difusión efectiva de la imprenta en las primeras décadas del siglo XVI, el libro era considerado un producto caro y difícil de conseguir. Por este motivo, se desarrollaron diversas estrategias destinadas a garantizar su preservación y su transmisión. La documentación evidencia el cuidado en el traspaso de los libros, en especial, aquellos unidos al ejercicio de una actividad profesional. Así mismo, muestra cómo generaba un reciclaje de las colecciones, ya que, al desintegrarse, perdían su condición original para dar lugar a realidades muy distintas a las iniciales. Finalmente, este paso dejaba sus huellas en la morfología de los libros, que eran desprovistos de algunos de sus elementos constitutivos, sustituidos por otros más adecuados a las exigencias de sus nuevos dueños y de las renovadas funciones que deberían satisfacer.

Artigo de periódico. O final do século XIX e o início do século XX representam para o Rio de Janeiro e para o Brasil um momento de profundas transformações políticas, sociais e urbanas. Num contexto de intensa agitação político-social graças à Proclamação da República, a Biblioteca Nacional emerge como uma das grandes beneficiadas dos movimentos de modernização da antiga capital do país. Este artigo objetiva compreender como a Biblioteca Nacional se tornou símbolo da Primeira República e nela se ancora a consagração do regime republicano. Posiciona a BN como um espaço representante do moderno, seja em suas práticas, em sua arquitetura ou no capital social que acumula ao seu redor. Concluí que a Biblioteca Nacional exerce o seu papel de guardiã da memória nacional, além de oferecer o moderno através de seus produtos e serviços e de ser um polo de erudição em busca do desejo de civilização e modernidade da Primeira República. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century represent a moment of profound political, social and urban transformations for Rio de Janeiro and for Brazil. In a context of intense political and social agitationin the face of the Proclamation of the Republic, the National Library emerges as one of the great beneficiaries of the modernization movement in the country's former capital. This article aims to understand how the National Library became a symbol of the First Republic and the consecration of the republican regime is anchored there.It positions the National Library as a space that represents the modern, whether in its practices, architecture or in the social capital it accumulates around it. Concluded that the National Library exercises its role as guardian of the national memory, in addition to offering the modern through its products and services and being a pole of scholarship in search of the desire for civilization and modernity of the First Republic.

Artigo de periódico. Apresente pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar parte do percurso histórico e algumas particularidades da Biblioteca do antigo Imperial Colégio de Pedro II, com destaque para a organização de seu acervo e os agentes envolvidos em sua gestão, desde 1837 até a década de 20. Optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental por meio dos materiais informacionais presentes no Núcleo de Documentação e Memória do Colégio, e, outros mais, disponíveis na web, dentre os quais destacamos: anuários, relatórios de diretores do Colégio, almanaques do pessoal docente e administrativo do Colégio Pedro II, Catálogo do Externato e relatórios dos Ministros e Secretários de Estados dos Negócios do Império. Conclui que a Biblioteca do Imperial Colégio de Pedro II constitui-se em um lugar de acesso às múltiplas memórias e histórias desta mais que centenária instituição de ensino, tendo sido montada, inicialmente, para cobrir as necessidades de um grupo específico. The objective of this research is to present part of the historical course and some particularities of the Library of the former Imperial college of Pedro II, with emphasis on the organization of its collection and the agents involved in its management, from 1837 to the 1920s.We chose to conduct a bibliographic and documentary research through the informational materials present in the Documentation and Memory Center of the college, and, others, available on the web, among which we highlight: yearbooks, reports of directors of the college, almanacs of the teaching and administrative staff of the Pedro II college, catalogue of the externality and reports of ministers and Secretaries states of business of the empire. It concludes that the Library of the Imperial College of Pedro II is a place of access to the multiple memories and stories of this more than centuries-old educational institution, having been set up initially to cover the needs of a specific group.

Este artículo explora el establecimiento de bibliotecas en los asentamientos judíos de las provincias de Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Río Negro y La Pampa, que se produjo cuando los judíos emigraron de Europa oriental en 1889. Los principales temas que se tratan son el desarrollo de las bibliotecas como centros educativos y sociales en los cuales los colonos encontraron un espacio para interactuar después de una larga jornada de trabajo en los campos; cómo se establecieron estas bibliotecas, y el apoyo y los fondos que se les proporcionaron. La migración a las ciudades por parte de los hijos de los primeros pobladores acarreó la desaparición de estas bibliotecas, la reubicación de su material y la desaparición de la mayoría de los archivos que podrían contarnos sus historias. A través de las memorias de los colonos, leemos acerca de las dificultades que tuvieron que enfrentar y las alegrías que lograron disfrutar durante el difícil período de adaptación al suelo argentino.= This article explores the establishment of libraries in the Jewish settlements in the provinces of Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Rio Negro and La Pampa, which occurred when the Jews migrating from Eastern Europe started to arrive in Argentina in 1889. The main topics covered are the library’s development as educational and social centers where the settlers found a space to interact after a daylong work on the fields; how these libraries were established, and the support and funding provided. As the children of the first settlers migrated to cities, these libraries and their materials disappeared, resulting in the loss of the archives, which could tell us their stories. Through the settler’s memories we read about the hardships they had to face and the joys they managed to enjoy during the hard period of adaptation to the Argentine soil.

Resumen Este artículo explora el establecimiento de bibliotecas en los asentamientos judíos de las provincias de Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Río Negro y La Pampa, que se produjo cuando los judíos emigraron de Europa oriental en 1889. Los principales temas que se tratan son el desarrollo de las bibliotecas como centros educativos y sociales en los cuales los colonos encontraron un espacio para interactuar después de una larga jornada de trabajo en los campos; cómo se establecieron estas bibliotecas, y el apoyo y los fondos que se les proporcionaron. La migración a las ciudades por parte de los hijos de los primeros pobladores acarreó la desaparición de estas bibliotecas, la reubicación de su material y la desaparición de la mayoría de los archivos que podrían contarnos sus historias. A través de las memorias de los colonos, leemos acerca de las dificultades que tuvieron que enfrentar y las alegrías que lograron disfrutar durante el difícil período de adaptación al suelo argentino.

This biennial review of the writings on the history of libraries, librarianship, and information surveys about two hundred publications that were published in 2016 and 2017. The essay is d...

Este trabalho visa discutir a definição de biblioteca eclesiástica no panorama bibliográfico português através do conceito/função de seleção. O ponto de partida é um levantamento sistemático de catálogos, inventários e outras listas de livros de cerca de 400 bibliotecas de congregações religiosas portuguesas. A base de dados produzida conta com mais de 900 espécies bibliográficas. O artigo abre-se com uma breve revisão bibliográfica em torno das questões que envolveram a evolução da história das bibliotecas em Portugal. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se a rede de bibliotecas eclesiásticas no panorama de estudos sobre bibliotecas. A terceira parte mostra como a função de seleção afetou o funcionamento interno das bibliotecas eclesiásticas ao longo da sua existência secular. A quarta parte analisa o post-mortem institucional das bibliotecas eclesiásticas e a dispersão destas como resultado de processos seletivos externos (1759-1834). As conclusões sublinham a importância de um trabalho de reconstrução histórica de coleções dispersas e a vitalidade intrínseca da biblioteca eclesiástica.

The process of formation of the personnel potential of the libraries of Buryatia in the period of 1920—1930-ies is of considerable interest due to the lack of systematic information on the topic, the insufficiency and fragmentation of the available information. The purpose of the article is consideration of the development of staffing situation in the library institutions of the Republic, analysis of the forms and methods of training of library specialists in the first decades of the formation of the Autonomous Republic. Based on archival documents and materials of periodicals, the article recreates a certain chronology of events related to the solution of staffing issues in the library sector. The author considers the forms of training and retraining of library workers, the content of the methodical work of libraries, the problems associated with the lack of qualified personnel and the measures taken to resolve them. The article presents some quantitative data on the personnel composition of libraries and training activities held in the Republic.In the studied period, there was a multiple expansion of library personnel. In the mid-1920-ies, 15 people worked in the central libraries — regional and aimak (district) — subordinated to the People’s Commissariat of Education of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR, in the state public libraries functioning in 1938 — 47 people. The staff of all library institutions of the Republic in 1934 included 155 people, in 1939 — 195 people. In the mid-1920-ies, the overwhelming majority of the personnel of central libraries consisted of novice librarians. Over time, the situation has improved; however, problems with personnel retention did not leave the agenda, for example, in the second half of the 1930-ies in the Republican library.The regional library, the Department of political and education work of Buryat-Mongolian People’s Commissariat of Education carried on most of the activities in the field of training and professional development of library staff; since 1936 the regional political-educational school in the town of Kyakhta had participated in that work. There were used various types and forms of personnel training; the special role was assigned to the courses of varying duration, workshops and seminars. In the 1920—30-ies, the staffing situation in the libraries of Buryatia remained rather complicated. Its characteristic features were the shortage of qualified personnel, high attrition of library workers and lack of systematic approach to improving the professional level of library staff.

Guy Holborn revisits the research he carried out in preparing the chapter on law libraries from 1850 to 2000 in the Cambridge History of Libraries in Britain and Ireland. Much of the material he gathered was not included in the chapter as published for reasons of space. Drawing from both the previously published chapter and the unpublished material, he selects four themes relevant to BIALL in its 50th anniversary year: legal education and law libraries, the development of law firms and their information services, the content of law libraries and the information needs of the profession, and the emergence of the professional law librarian.

Περιέχει το πλήρες κείμενο. In the era of radical socio-economic-technological developments, the Library and Information Science sector in Greece is undergoing a series of changes in a dialectic relation with technological changes. Libraries in Greece have a long history, from the Academy of Plato and the Lyceum of Aristotle in the 5th century BC to the transition of the National Library of Greece at the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Centre. This paper aims to provide an overview and record the milestones signifying the beginning of the changes happening in every aspect of the Greek LIS landscape. In addition, it aims to highlight the changes in the Greek library scene, extending from synergies and networks to new library buildings, as well as the role of LIS education and lifelong learning.

Nine years ago, I did not imagine listing gender issues as one of my core research interests. Now I cannot imagine my research revolving around anything else. The way I study gender though, has tak...

Based on the archival documents of the Russian State Library (RGB), the article studies the questions on the situation with librarianship in Russia before the October Revolution of 1917 and in the early post-revolutionary years. Introduction of the new sources and the new interpretation of the continuity and interaction of specialists after the Revolution determine the scientific novelty of the study. The source base of the research are the materials of the First All-Russian Congress on Librarianship of 1911 and the First Library Session of the People’s Commissariat of Education in 1919. For the first time the article introduces into scientific circulation the bulk of the materials of the First Library Session, not published in full and stored in the Archive of the Russian State Library. Despite the fundamental changes in life associated with social processes after the October Revolution, practical experience accumulated by libraries in pre-revolutionary times within the Russian Empire, as well as its theoretical understanding became largely the basis for the new organization of librarianship. Evaluation of the development of librarianship in Russia and the need for radical changes in librarianship were formulated at the Congress of 1911. Thanks to the active participation of librarians and book experts in the discussion of the structure of the librarianship, many historical shortcomings of the old system have received professional and competent solution. The dialogue of the new government with the old personnel facilitated this process. The Bolshevik leadership duly appreciated professionalism of the library staff and largely used their suggestions made at the First Library Session, which became the basis for the construction of library network in the country and organization of professional development training. The leadership of the People’s Commissariat of Education took over the establishment of ideological control over the activities of libraries, leaving the practical work under the supervision of employees of these institutions. The author concludes that the subsequent success of the development of librarianship in the USSR demonstrated the correctness of the developed plan, built on the opinion of professionals and created by them in the main features.

The records and archives of French National Library were organized late. The “archive” function became officially distinct from the day-to-day administration and the collections in 1943. The archivist Thérèse Kleindienst created a method geared towards internal use which lasted for half a century. This history explains the current dispersion of documents related to the history of the Library and the delays for online descriptions. This is particularly obvious in the case of consultation data, which are also rather incomplete. Under these conditions, writing the history of the intellectual work of the professors of the Collège de France is a challenge. However, other kind of archives can help to understand the working conditions of researchers. The private archive collections, such as that of Charles de La Roncière, are also helpful to find out the nature of the links between the professors of the Collège de France and the curators of the National Library., L’organisation des archives de la Bibliothèque nationale est tardive. Il faut attendre 1943 pour que la fonction archives se distingue du fonctionnement courant de l’administration mais également des collections de la Bibliothèque. La méthodologie mise en place par l’archiviste Thérèse Kleindienst, future secrétaire générale, tournée vers des usages internes, perdure pendant un demi-siècle. Cette histoire explique la dispersion actuelle des sources relatives à l’histoire de la Bibliothèque mais également les retards dans le signalement en ligne des fonds conservés. Ce constat est particulièrement flagrant en ce qui concerne les données de consultation qui s’avèrent en outre assez lacunaires. Faire l’histoire du travail intellectuel des professeurs du collège de France peut donc apparaître comme une tâche complexe. Toutefois les archives à caractère plus général peuvent documenter les conditions de travail des chercheurs et certains fonds privés comme celui de Charles de La Roncière permettent de reconstituer la nature des liens entre professeurs du collège de France et conservateurs de la Bibliothèque.

El objetivo es analizar cómo el texto fundacional y el reglamento de la Biblioteca Pública de Buenos Aires interpelaron a los usuarios y cuál fue la reacción del público una vez que la institución abrió sus puertas. Por lo tanto, se rastreó la tensión entre un paradigma bibliotecológico que apelaba al fomento del saber y al bien público como objetivo institucional y las demandas de los usuarios por el horario restringido de la biblioteca. Se analizaron desde la historia de la cultura impresa las representaciones de la lectura y de la sociabilidad letrada al leer la correspondencia entre Bernardino Rivadavia y Luis José de Chorroarín, el reglamento de la Biblioteca Pública de Buenos Aires y los periódicos porteños. Se concluyó que la negativa en ampliar el horario de atención al público conspiró con el acceso a la biblioteca de los empleados. The objective is to analyze how the founding text and regulations of the Buenos Aires Public Library challenged users and what the public's reaction was once the institution opened its doors. Therefore, we traced the tension between a library paradigm that appealed to the promotion of knowledge and the public good as an institutional objective and the demands of users due to the restricted library hours. From the history of printed culture, the representations of reading and the sociability of the reader when reading the correspondence between Bernardino Rivadavia and Luis José de Chorroarín, the regulations of the Buenos Aires Public Library and the Buenos Aires newspapers were analyzed. It was concluded that the refusal to extend the opening hours to the public conspired with the access to the library of the employees. A fundação da Biblioteca Pública de Buenos Aires em 1810, pelo Primeiro Conselho de Governo, foi um marco no panorama cultural da cidade. A promoção do conhecimento esclarecido em busca do "bem público" e da "felicidade dos povos" foi um ponto crucial na cultura colonial tardia em Buenos Aires. Os leitores enviaram livros de redação como uma doação à Biblioteca, mas nem todos puderam acessá-los. A regulamentação de 1812 foi o surgimento de uma idéia da biblioteca e das práticas culturais a ela ligadas. O objetivo do artigo é investigar, a partir da análise comparativa dos regulamentos da biblioteca, a configuração da biblioteca pública durante o processo revolucionário. O leitor presente no regulamento, ao qual foi concedido acesso, não representava os moradores da cidade, devido ao horário de funcionamento restrito ao público.

The author focuses on the medieval libraries and their scientific functions as well as emphasises their connection with the Church, which – while promoting education in Latin – transmitted many models of antiquity and its inspiring works, for example, those of Aristotle, Plato and Sophocles. Despite the fact the European Middle Ages did not boast large libraries as well-organized as those of antiquity, the library network was relatively dense and grew until the 15th century. Libraries were not merely an addition to scientific and educational institutions, such as schools and churches, they were also an indispensable tool of spreading science, they served as a fount of accessible and well-established knowledge. They were institutions that inspired varies activities promoting humanities and sciences, guaranteeing the continuity of scientific data. Eminent representatives of the Church were able to safeguard classical scientific traditions and bring faith closer to science, including that of pragmatic nature. It was a significant scientific simplification in the late 19th and of the 20th century to pit humanistic and secular Enlightment against the clerical and scholastic Middle Ages. It should be remembered that it was the Middles Ages that rediscovered Greek and Roman antiquity and that it was in the Middle Ages that brought the Greek, Roman and Hebraic cultures together.

La entrevista propone abrir un debate sobre las formas de hacer historia de las bibliotecas en América Latina. Entre otros temas, Carlos Aguirre y Alejandro E. Parada dialogan sobre: (a) los vínculos entre las bibliotecas y las revoluciones de independencia; (b) las relaciones entre la historia de las bibliotecas y la historia intelectual; (c) los procesos de destrucción y dispersión de los patrimonios bibliográficos latinoamericanos. The interview proposes a discussion on the history of libraries in Latin America. Among other issues, Carlos Aguirre and Alejandro E. Parada talk about: (a) the links between libraries and the independence revolutions; (b) the relations between library history and intellectual history; (c) the processes of destruction and dispersion of Latin American bibliographic heritages. Fil: Planas, Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

The article presents the history and the development of the University Library of the Agricultural University – Plovdiv for a period of 75 years from its establishment until the present day. It is one of the oldest specialized agricultural libraries in Bulgaria. The University Library was opened in 1945, together with the opening of the University of Plovdiv. The Library of the Agricultural University – Plovdiv is the first university library in Bulgaria that has begun introducing ICT in its activities. Since 1978 the Library has used an Automatic information system for Bibliographical references. In 1986 the automation of the library processes began. In 2020 the Agricultural University – Plovdiv celebrated its 75th anniversary and its Library gradually established itself as one of the richest specialized agricultural libraries in Bulgaria

Le grand légendier de l’abbaye bénédictine de Saint-Maximin de Trèves constitue l’une des plus amples collections hagiographiques latines compilées à l’époque médiévale. Largement exploités par les philologues pour les textes qu’ils renferment, ses volumes n’avaient pourtant jamais été étudiés pour eux-mêmes. Produit dans le second quart du xiiie siècle à une époque marquée par un nouveau dynamisme au sein de l’abbaye, le grand légendier s’inscrit dans une campagne manuscrite beaucoup plus large. Toutefois, l’étude des manuscrits ne peut s’astreindre à l’époque de leur genèse : ayant subi plusieurs transformations au cours des deux derniers siècles du Moyen Âge et au début des Temps modernes, les huit volumes subsistants de la collection sont le reflet des entreprises de gestion des livres menées par les moines qu’une contextualisation historique permet de mieux appréhender tout en jetant un regard neuf sur le légendier.

*** 'Catalogus van het oosterse legaat van Josephus Justus Scaliger 1609', K. van Ommen and F.A. de Wolff, can be found at : http://hdl.handle.net/1887/123271 ***In 1593 the eminent scholar Josephus Justus Scaliger (1540-1609) arrived in Leiden to accept the position as honorary professor in Latin language, antiquities and history. Scaliger had taken a part of his library, including many Oriental books and manuscripts, with him to Leiden. In 1609 Scaliger bequeathed by testament the part of his library to Leiden university that consisted of ‘[…] tous mes livres de langues estrangeres, Hebraics, Syriens, Arabics, Aethiopiens, lesquels livres sont contenus dans le Catalogue que i’ay adiousté a la copie latine de ce mien testament […]’. The governors of the university acknowledged the importance of this bequest, immediately recognized the potential of this collection of rare printed books and manuscripts and realized that this collection could make a substantial difference in acquiring a prominent position amongst the other European universities that were competing for scholarly supremacy during the seventeenth century. The governors stressed the importance of compiling a catalogue of the bequest, but subsequent catalogues from the period 1612-1674 all provide an incomplete overview of the bequest. In this thesis Scaligers bequest containing all his printed Oriental books is reconstructed and presented for the first time.

A presente pesquisa tem como objeto a Biblioteca Rio-Grandense, instituição histórica fundada em 15 de agosto de 1846 na cidade do Rio Grande como Gabinete de Leitura, passando à categoria de biblioteca a partir de 1878. O estudo tem como norte a busca pela elucidação de qual a relevância da instituição enquanto espaço de leitura e difusão cultural no município, sob a óptica da imprensa periódica local entre 1878 e 1898. O objetivo geral estabelecido foi compreender o papel da entidade no seio da sociedade rio-grandina a partir de sua consolidação como biblioteca. Para tanto, foi necessário perpassar a história do surgimento e evolução das bibliotecas e da Biblioteca Rio-Grandense, da imprensa periódica e dos jornais utilizados nesta pesquisa, e dos fundamentos teóricos que orientam o uso destes acervos como fontes para a pesquisa histórica. Como manancial de dados para a consecução do objetivo desta pesquisa foram analisados o Diário do Rio Grande, o Artista e o Eco do Sul, três folhas diárias rio-grandinas que circulavam à época demarcada como baliza temporal. Ao final da pesquisa foi possível verificar que a instituição estudada, sob a óptica destes representantes da imprensa periódica local, cumpria papel fundamental enquanto espaço de leitura e centro promotor da cultura letrada no âmbito da cidade do Rio Grande, sendo considerada um monumento às letras e à ciência, e reverenciada pelos serviços prestados à causa da instrução popular. The object of this research is the Biblioteca Rio-Grandense, a historical institution founded on August 15, 1846 in Rio Grande city as Gabinete de Leitura, becoming a library from 1878. The study is guided by the search for the elucidation of the institution relevance as a space for reading and cultural dissemination, from the perspective of the local press between 1878 and 1898. The general objective was to understand the role of the entity, from its consolidation as a library, to the society of Rio Grande. Therefore, it was necessary to go through the history of the evolution of libraries and the Biblioteca Rio-Grandense particulary, the press history and the newspapers used in this research, and the theoretical references that guide the use of journalystic archives as historical research sources. To the consolidation of this research objective, three newspapers were used as data sourses: Diário do Rio Grande, Artista and Eco do Sul, all of them established at Rio Grande and that circulated at the time demarcated on this research. At the end of the study, it was possible to verify that the institution, from the perspective of these representatives of the local press, was a fundamental role as a space for reading and promotion of the literate culture to the Rio Grande citizens, being considered a monument to literature and science, and revered for the services rendered to the cause of popular education.

Negli ultimi decenni si è riscontrato un crescente interesse per lo studio dei provenance marks quali fonte privilegiata per l’analisi e la ricostruzione delle collezioni librarie, nonché delle pratiche di lettura e della circolazione di manoscritti e libri a stampa. Numerosi sono, pertanto, i progetti di censimento e descrizione di tali segni di provenienza realizzati da varie istituzioni, sia a livello nazionale che internazionale. Il contributo vuole richiamare brevemente i presupposti teorici e metodologici alla base di tali iniziative e offrire una panoramica sommaria ma esemplificativa di alcuni strumenti resi disponibili in rete in tale ambito di ricerca.

Il De scriptis et bibliothecis antediluvianis di Joachim Johann Mader apparve nel 1666 come praefatio del De bibliothecis atque archivis virorum clarissimorum libelli, la prima antologia di trattati sulla storia delle biblioteche. Nel suo saggio, l’erudito ricostruisce compiutamente la storia della scoperta dell’alfabeto, della scrittura e dei primi libri, così da completare la sua antologia con le notizie che mancavano negli altri elaborati e da fornire una cornice concettuale alla raccolta., Bibliothecae.it, Vol 9, No 1 (2020)

En este editorial se analizan varios aspectos de la Historia de las Bibliotecas, tanto en el área de la Bibliotecología y la Ciencia de la Información como en las Ciencias Sociales. Se señala la importancia de esta materia en la formación biblio¬tecaria. Se sugieren una serie de tópicos para abordar su análisis a partir de la Historia Cultural y su encuentro con la Historia Política. Finalmente, se abordan algunos conceptos fundamentales para la Historia de la Bibliotecas, tales como los procesos de “continuidad y discontinuidad”, “las migraciones y articulaciones bibliotecarias”, “las tipologías de las bibliotecas” en el pasado, “los cambios y las tradiciones”, entre otros = This editorial analyses several aspects of the History of Libraries in the area of Librarianship and Information Science, as well as in the Social Sciences. It is noted the importance of this field in the library training. A series of topics are suggested to approach this analysis from the Cultural History perspective and its encounter with the Political History. Finally, some fundamental concepts for the History of Libraries are approached, such as the processes of “continuity and discontinuity”, the “migra¬tions and library articulations”, the “typologies of libraries” in the past, the “changes and traditions”, among others.

Reading the fiction, owing to its huge impact on formation of spiritual and moral world of a person, is the focus of much attention of foreign and domestic scientists. L.N. Tolstoy belongs to the authors making significant impact on an individual. All this, as well as the 190th birth anniversary of the writer, defined the direction of our research — to reveal the place of works by L.N. Tolstoy in the reading of Siberians in the pre-revolutionary period and the attitude towards the writer of inhabitants of this region in the late 20th — early 21st century.For the main methods of studying the presence of L.N. Tolstoy’s works in the reading of Siberians in the pre-revolutionary period were used the analysis of catalogues and reports of libraries and the comparison of his popularity with other writers by arithmetic calculation of the places taken by the authors in the checkout lists of the books. To study the attitude of modern residents of the region to Leo Tolstoy’s works, the priority was given to the survey, as this method allows to reveal the extent of recognition by Siberians of the need to read the writer’s works for personal development.Studying of catalogues and reports of several dozen Siberian libraries showed the presence of the works of the most famous Russian classical writer and their demand among the inhabitants of the region, who willingly read his works. The collections stored both: the complete works of the writer, as well as separate editions of his works. In the ratings of the authors, compiled by the number of checkouts of their works to readers of libraries of the different cities of Siberia, L.N. Tolstoy was usually in the top three, often holding the highest place.Modern Siberians recognize L.N. Tolstoy is a great writer and consider reading his works is an important indicator of human education and a necessary requirement for personal spiritual and moral development.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the historical development of libraries in South Africa against a backdrop of poverty and social inequality. In particular, this paper illustrates how the development of libraries in South Africa both reflected and influenced information poverty and has as its goal to increase awareness of the role of libraries in the alleviation of information poverty. Design/methodology/approach The information in this paper is based on doctoral research completed by the author who investigated the role of libraries in the alleviation of information poverty in South Africa. The methodology for the research included two case studies, interviews, examination of library records, and observation. An extensive review of the professional literature and recorded histories provided imperative context for that research and this paper. Findings Findings indicate that libraries can play an important role in the alleviation of information poverty in South Africa. Libraries are underutilized in this role and in order to increase their capacity in addressing information poverty, one should consider the historical circumstances behind the dispossession of library services. Understanding the development of libraries in South Africa and sociopolitical ramifications of this development can encourage and inform greater participation of libraries in the alleviation of information poverty in the future. Originality/value This paper compiles the work and findings of previous studies on the history of South African libraries. The information provided here offers an accessible and efficient history of libraries in South Africa. In so doing, it provides context that is invaluable to the understanding of how the development of libraries throughout time can have sociopolitical effects on the people and their circumstances. The paper also encourages increased understanding of the value and purpose of libraries in combating information poverty in South Africa.

The article continues a series of author’s publications in the “Bibliotekovedenie” [Library and Information Science] journal, devoted to the fruitful activity of the Society for Promotion of Rural Free Libraries-Reading Rooms in the Tomsk Province. There is illuminated the vital question of the sources of financing, on the solution of which depended opening, acquisition, activity of libraries, the rate of progress of library construction and scale of development of librarianship. The chosen theme is quite relevant, because the wide experience in searching for the sources of financing, accumulated in the pre-revolutionary period, could be useful nowadays.Sources of financing for the rural libraries in the Tomsk province are identified. It was composed by: private capital and the interest on it (firstly, of P.I. Makushin — Chairman of the Society for promotion, specially established by him for the assistance and support of free libraries in Siberia), reached by 1912 the amount of 36 thousand roubles; the donations of F.F. Pavlenkov, well-known publisher, bequeathed the considerable amount to the opening of peoples libraries, 37 of which were founded jointly with the Society for promotion of rural free libraries-reading rooms in the Tomsk province; contributions to the advantage of the Society of assistance of metropolitan publishers and book sellers, estimated at around 10 thousand roubles; private donations, in particular, of the leaders of national education, local intelligentsia, and peasants of the province; the membership dues, making annually from several tens to several hundred roubles; fund allocations of the volost and village assemblies, provincial and district trusteeships on people’s sobriety, the Ministry of national education, etc.The system of financing created by P.I. Makushin has allowed achieving serious success in library construction in the Tomsk province, implemented in the opening in its territory in less than two decades of nearly 600 free rural libraries.

This biennial review of the writings on the history of libraries, librarianship, and information surveys about two hundred publications that were published in 2014 and 2015. The essay is d...

In the article the peculiarities of the organization and work of these museums, the specifics of the compilation and advantages of the electronic format museum exhibits, general features of the activity and the significance of museums in the history of libraries, in particular, in electronic form, in the development of scientific research, exhibition and cultural-mass work of bookshops, in raising the image of library activity.

On the example of the library The Scientific Library of The Khmelnytskyi National University considered the history and components of spiritual and cultural wealth of the university library, which in 55 years has become a treasure of knowledge and a basis for further expansion of educational, scientific and cultural potential of the region. The subject of research is the history of the university library and its resource base as part of the spiritual treasury of the university. Research carried out by analysis and comparison, the study documents from the history the library and the university on the basis of personal of work experience in library. Research has scientific and practical importance and will be useful for local historians, students and library professionals and managers of universities.