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BACKGROUND: Various studies have evaluated the effects of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on serum concentrations of adipokines. Although the association between LCD and serum levels of leptin and adiponectin has been studied extensively, the results were not consistent. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of LCD on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin. DESIGN: Electronic databases were retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science to search relevant publications. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by the random-effect model. Cochrane Q test and I(2) statistic were used to test heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were applied to assess possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of thirty-five articles were included in final analysis. Meta-analysis results revealed no statistical association between LCD and adiponectin concentration (WMD: 0.32 ng/ml, 95% CI: - 0.02, 0.66, p=0.062). Subgroup analysis showed that LCD increased adiponectin concentration in subjects under 45 years old and in studies with long term duration intervention. Also, did not observe a significant effect from the LCD on serum concentration of leptin (WMD: - 0.77 ng/ml, 95% CI: -3.15, 1.61, P=0.409). Subgroup analysis did not show any new information. The results of this study did not support the evidence for the positive effects of LCD on serum leptin and adiponectin levels.

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Purpose: The aim of present study was to determine effects of L-Arginine supplementation on antioxidant status and body composition in obese patients with prediabetes. Methods: A double-blind randomized control trial was performed on 46 (24 men, 22 women) obese patients with prediabetes. They were divided randomly into two groups. Patients in intervention (n = 23) and control group (n=23) received 3 gr/day L-arginine and placebo, respectively for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake and biochemical measurements ((serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)) were performed at the baseline and after 8-week intervention. Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 44.29±8.65 years old and 28.14±1.35 kg/m2, respectively. At the end of study, in both intervention and control group, percentage of carbohydrate decreased and %fat intake increased compared to the baseline (P0.05). Among measured biochemical factors, only serum TAC level showed significant differences at the end of study in the intervention group compared to the control group (pv, Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin; eISSN 2251-7308