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À partir d’un ouvrage récent de W. Kühn sur la fin du Phèdre de Platon (2000) et des critiques de Th. Szlezák, l’auteur met en parallèle, dans la première partie de cette étude, la lecture anti-ésotériste de Kühn et la lecture ésotériste de Szlezák du finale du Phèdre (274b-279c), pour en dégager trois antinomies herméneutiques. Dans la deuxième partie, il tente de résoudre ce conflit d’interprétations en empruntant la voie herméneutique et en faisant des observations critiques sur chacune de ces antinomies. Dans la troisième partie de cette étude, l’auteur s’attaque au fondement historique des paradigmes d’interprétation adoptés par chacun des auteurs. Le paradigme anti-ésotériste repose sur le principe herméneutique de l’autarcie des dialogues dont le fondement historique est le Corpus Platonicum, tandis que le paradigme ésotériste repose sur le principe herméneutique de l’enseignement oral de Platon dont le fondement historique est constitué par les Testimonia Platonica. L’auteur montre, après un survol des Testimonia Platonica de Gaiser (1963), de Krämer (1982) et d’Isnardi Parente (1997 et 1998), que ceux-ci ne permettent pas encore d’établir des certitudes historiques sur le contenu de l’enseignement oral de Platon. The first part of this study is concerned with the opposed interpretations of the end of the Phaedrus (274b-279c) by W. Kühn in his last book (2000) and the critics by Th. Szlezák. The study raises three hermeneutic antinomies between the anti-esoterist interpretation by Kühn and the esoterist interpretation by Szlezák. In the second part of the study, the author tries to solve these antinomies through a series of critical remarks on each one of these antinomies. In the third part of the study, the author tries a second way for the solution of the hermeneutic antinomies : the way of historical foundation for each paradigm of interpretations. The anti-esotrist paradigm is founded on the hermeneutic principle of the autarcy of the dialogues which is based on the historical ground of the Corpus Platonicum, whereas the esoterist paradigm is based on the historical ground of the Testimonia Platonica. After some critical remarks on the Testimonia Platonica by Gaiser (1963), Krämer (1982) and Isnardi Parente (1997 et 1998), the author concludes that the Testimonia don’t give us any historical certainty on the content of the oral teaching of Plato in the Academy.

A symbol is something that is often found in everyday life. In the Bible, symbols are often found as inanimate and animate objects. In the Bible of Matthew 10:16-20 there are symbols that use the words sheep, wolf, snake and dove. Of course, the four animals have special meanings that have been given by humans. The context of this text contains Jesus sending His disciples to be ready to carry out God's mission. Paul Ricoeur's understanding of symbols turns out to be able to change the meaning of the initial understanding of symbols that have been determined at the beginning. For Ricoeur, symbols can evoke thoughts that give meaning, but the meaning given must be thought about. One of them is the meaning of being clever like a snake and sincere like a pigeon. Two animals that have opposite traits but are found in the text of Matthew 10:16-20 and become Jesus' message to His disciples. This research describes Paul Ricoeur's symbolic hermeneutic understanding of the meanings of clever as a snake and sincere as a dove. The method used cannot be separated from a hermeneutic study of the text of the Gospel of Matthew 10:16-20 by taking a socio-historical approach and Paul Ricoeur's symbolic hermeneutic. The results of this study have a relevant understanding because the text can be an action. The presence of texts or symbolic expressions in the Bible must be understood and should be more complex for today's readers and the church. Sebuah simbol merupakan hal yang sering ditemukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dalam Alkitab sering ditemukan simbol-simbol. Simbol Injil Matius 10:16-20 terdapat simbol yang memakai kata domba, serigala, ular dan merpati. Tentu dari empat hewan tersebut memiliki makna khusus yang telah diberikan oleh manusia. Konteks pada teks tentang Yesus yang mengutus para murid-Nya untuk siap siaga dalam menjalankan misi Allah. Pemahaman Paul Ricoeur terhadap simbol ternyata dapat merubah arti dari pemahaman awal terhadap simbol yang sudah ditetapkan di awal. Bagi Ricoeur simbol dapat membangkitkan pemikiran yang memberi makna, namun makna yang diberikan harus dipikirkan. Salah satunya pada pemaknaan cerdik seperti ular dan tulus seperti merpati. Dua hewan yang memiliki sifat yang bertolak belakang namun ditemukan dalam teks Matius 10:16-20 dan menjadi pesan Yesus untuk para murid-Nya. Pada penelitian ini berfokus untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman hermeneutik simbolik Paul Ricoeur terhadap makna cerdik seperti ular dan tulus seperti merpati. Tentu metode yang digunakan tidak lepas dari studi hermeneutik terhadap teks Injil Matius 10:16-20 dengan melakukan pendekatan sosio-historis dan juga hermeneutik simbolik Paul Ricoeur. Hasil dari penelitian ini memiliki pemahaman yang relevan, sebab melalui teks dapat menjadi sebuah aksi. Kehadiran teks atau ungkapan simbol dalam Alkitab harus dipahami dan sebaiknya lebih kompleks lagi untuk pembaca masa kini maupun gereja.

Puisi bermakna jika pembaca memberi makna pada puisi tersebut. Pemberian makna tersebut harus melalui kerangka semiotik agar dapat memaknai puisi dengan baik, penulis menggunakan semiotika Riffaterre untuk memahami dan memaknai sebuah puisi. Riffaterre mengemukakan empat hal penting dalam menganalisis sebuah puisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemaknaan heuristik dan hermeneutik dalam kumpulan puisi “Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi” karya Joko Pinurbo. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah kata-kata dan kalimat yang terdapat pada 3 judul puisi dari buku kumpulan puisi Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi, masing-masing puisi yang dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian ini adalah Pulang Malam 21, Naik Bus di Jakarta 42, dan Di Pojok Iklan satu Halaman 63. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kumpulan puisi pilihan Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi karya Joko Pinurbo memiliki kandungan makna yang terindikasi dalam bentuk pemaknaan heuristik dan hermeneutik pada puisi, yaitu kehidupan suami istri yang mengaruhi bahtera kehidupan rumah tangga hingga akhir hayatnya. Temuan ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembelajaran siswa sekolah dasar maupun menengah terkait dengan proses kreatif puisi dan pemaknaannya.

Eksistensi manusia sangatlah penting dan menarik untuk dipahami lebih mendalam terutama apabila menyangkut eksistensi manusia pada masyarakat. Eksistensi manusia dapat dilihat dari berbagai sudut pandang yang berbeda-beda. Untuk melihat bagaimana eksistensi dan ekspresi manusia dalam pada kontestasi kehidupan bermasyarakat, oleh karenanya penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana eksistensi manusia dapat dipahami melalui ekspresi-ekspresi yang muncul dalam dialog dalam novel Sihir Pambayun karya Jaka Santosa menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Adapun objek yang dijadikan sumber utama adalah novel. Hasilnya ada tiga aspek penting yang memengaruhi eksistensi diri manusia melalui ekspresi. Pertama, aspek linguistik yang berhubungan dengan penggambaran atas pemahaman simbol-simbol bahasa sebagai bahasa murni. Kedua, aspek tindakan yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan penjabaran aktivitas tubuh Ketiga, aspek pengalaman yang berhubungan dengan kecenderungan yang diungkapkan melalui tindakan nonverbal.

The work that we have the honour to present here in its first Italian translation is a short essay published by Carl Schmitt in the first half of the ‘10s in the German Journal Die Rheinlande and titled Don Quixote and the public (1912). A very brief but at the same time dense piece of literary criticism in which the future Kronjurist of the Third Reich, in those years still engaged in his legal practice, offers to the readers a juvenile proof of his vastly and heterogeneous interests, trying to determine which is the proper interpretation of the renowned masterpiece of Miguel de Cervantes: Don Quixote of the Mancha. A juvenile work, therefore, in which Schmitt, as we will try to highlight in the introduction that accompanies the translation, offers an interpretation of the novel and particularly of its main character focusing on the contraposition between the level of the simple reading and that of erudite valorisation, applying a methodology similar to that he used in the coeval Law and Judgement (1912) that in some ways anticipate the critique of Romanticism that he will develop just a few years later in Political Romanticism (1919).

This paper investigates the simplification of programming for non-technical university students. Typical simplification strategies are outlined, and according to our findings CT courses for non-technical students typically address learners from different faculties, providing generic and basic knowledge, not specifically related to their major. In this study, we propose instead a hermeneutic approach to simplify programming, in which we aim at clarifying the problem-solving aspect of programming, addressing computational problems that are specific to their studies and leveraging on learners' preunderstanding of the digital media they have experienced as users. The practical counterpart of our theoretical approach is a minimalistic Python multimedia library, called Medialib, that we designed to enable university students with a non-technical profile to create visual media and games with short and readable code. We discuss the use of Medialib in two empirical case studies: a collaboration with the university of Kyushu in Fukuoka, Japan, and a coding module for Media Studies students at the University of Southern Denmark. Furthermore, we use Notional Machines to attempt a comparison of the simplicity of learning tools for programming, and to ground our claim that Medialib is "simpler" for learners than other popular approaches. The main contribution is a hermeneutic approach to the simplification of programming for specific contexts that combines the hermeneutic spiral and notional machines. The approach is supported by a tool, the Medialib library; the two case studies provide examples of how the approach and tool can be deployed in beginners in CT courses.

RESUMO A pandemia da Covid-19 produziu novas demandas por serviços nos sistemas de saúde no mundo inteiro. No Brasil, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) passou a ser objeto do interesse dos meios de comunicação, que realizaram esforços de cobertura das ações governamentais e da capacidade do sistema no controle da pandemia. Este estudo objetiva analisar matérias do jornal ‘Folha de São Paulo’ (FSP), quanto aos sentidos produzidos sobre o SUS na pandemia de Covid-19. Foram analisadas 231 matérias, dentre as 524 publicadas no período de janeiro a maio de 2020, obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. O corpus foi categorizado em quatro sentidos: SUS constitucional, SUS problema, SUS em disputa e SUS atuante. A diversidade de sentidos atribuídos ao SUS aponta a necessidade da ampliação de captura das dimensões do SUS. ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has produced new demands for services in healthcare systems around the world. In Brazil, the SUS became the object of interest of the media, which made efforts to cover government actions and the system’s capacity to control the pandemic. This study aims to analyze articles from the newspaper ‘Folha de São Paulo’ (FSP), regarding the meanings produced about the Unified Health System (SUS) in the COVID-19 pandemic. 231 articles were analyzed, among the 524 published in the period from January to May 2020, following the established inclusion criteria. The corpus was categorized in four senses: constitutional SUS, problem SUS, disputed SUS and active SUS. The reflection on the diversity of meanings attributed to the SUS points to the need to expand the capture of the dimensions of the SUS.

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux souffrances morales dans la philosophie de Vladimir Jankélévitch, plus particulièrement le remords, l’ennui et la nostalgie. L’analyse suit deux axes, d’abord un axe herméneutique où il s’agit de comprendre la signification de ces souffrances en les replaçant dans une anthropologie philosophique et une ontologie qui leur donne sens. Ensuite un axe thérapeutique qui indique comment ces formes de souffrances peuvent orienter le devenir de manière à vivre plus harmonieusement. Sur ces bases, la thèse élabore une étude en profondeur de la joie chez Jankélévitch, laquelle s’est dessinée en creux dans l’analyse des souffrances. En effet, le remords permet de bien comprendre le lien puissant entre la joie et l’amour. Les analyses de l’ennui et de la nostalgie permettent quant à elles de saisir son ancrage temporel., This thesis investigate the question of moral suffering in the philosophy of Vladimir Jankélévitch, specifically remorse, boredom and nostalgia. The analysis uses two different perspectives. First of all, a hermeneutic one working on the meaning of these sufferings and showing their roots in a philosophical anthropology and in an ontology. Secondly, a therapeutic point of view showing how these suffering can help becoming more harmoniously. Based on this analysis, this thesis concludes on an analysis of joy. The analysis of remorse permits to seize the fundamental love dynamic at work in joy. The analysis of boredom and nostalgia provide the temporal part of it.

Denna vetenskapliga essä undersöker hur bedömning av barn i förskolan påverkar barnens lärande och utveckling. Essän tar avstamp från fyra fall då barn bedöms i förskolan. I gestaltningarna framkommer tvivel huruvida bedömning av barn är något som ingår i förskolläraruppdraget. Samtidigt synliggör några gestaltningar att bedömningarna kan skapa vidgade förutsättningar för barns lärande och utveckling. Vid upprättandet av denna essä startades en debatt om bedömning av barn i förskolan på magasinet ”Förskolan” vilket talar för att det är ett omtvistat ämne (se Ruin 2023, Linder 2023, Ehrström 2023, Lindström 2023). Undersökningen visar att det finns en historisk bedömningstradition i förskolan som blivit förkastad i och med att syn på barn och kunskap förändrats. Samtidigt sker bedömningar av barn i det dolda vilka inte alltid premierar barnens lärande och utveckling. Den fråga som essän ämnar undersöka är om bedömning av barn behövs för att kunna utvärdera förskolans utbildning och huruvida det kan göras på ett etiskt sätt. Genom deltagande observationer som följdes av samtal med förskolläraren som var ansvarig för undervisningen har jag i den här essän försökt synliggöra den praktiska kunskap som avgör vilken effekt bedömningen har på barns lärande. Samtliga praktiska exempel har bearbetats genom det vetenskapliga essäskrivandet som en metod för reflektion. I reflektionerna har det hermeneutiska perspektivet bidragit med nya sätt att tolka och förstå begreppet bedömning i en förskolekontext. Vidare har tidigare litteratur om bedömning i förskolan och filosofiska tankar om kunskap bidragit med nya perspektiv om hur bedömning kan förstås i en förskolekontext. Vad som framkommer i essän är att det finns risker likväl som det finns möjligheter med bedömning av barn i förskolan vilket leder till frågeställningar om hur bedömningen kan göras med etiska aspekter i beaktning. Nyckeln till att erövra konsten att bedöma tycks ligga i förskollärarens förmåga att även rikta blicken mot sig själv. This scientific essay examines how assessments of preschool children affects their learning and development. The essay leads with four practical cases of assessment of preschool children. In the narrative, doubts arise as to whether the assessment of children is something that is part of the preschool teacher assignment. At the same time, some of the cases highlight that assessments can create better conditions for children's learning and development. As this essay is being written, there is an ongoing debate about the assessment of children in preschool in the magazine “Förskolan”, which suggests that it is a contentious topic (Ruin 2023, Linder 2023, Ehrström 2023, Lindström 2023). The inquiry shows that there is a historical tradition of assessment in preschool that has been rejected as views of children and knowledge change. However, studies show that assessments of children do in fact occur, albeit in disguise, which does not always benefit the children's learning and development. Through participatory observations that were followed by conversations with the preschool teacher responsible for teaching, I have in this essay aimed to highlight the practical knowledge that affects the assessments outcome on the children's development and learning. All practical examples have been processed through the scientific essay writing as a method for reflection. In the reflections, the hermeneutic perspective has contributed with new interpretations and understandings of the concept of assessment in a preschool context. Furthermore, previous literature on assessment in preschool and philosophical thoughts on knowledge have contributed with new perspectives on how assessment can be understood in a preschool context. What emerges from the essay is that there are risks as well as opportunities with assessments of preschool children, which leads to questions about how assessments can be practiced with ethical aspects in mind. The key to conquering the art of assessment seems to lie in the preschool teacher’s ability to also review oneself.

Keywords: Teachers´ leadership, parents-teachers ‘conference, primary school, didactic, hermeneutic, lifeworld phenomenology This thesis aims to explain what importance teachers´ leadership is given and how teachers' leadership appears in the parents-teacher conferences. The theoretical frame is lifeworld phenomenology, which means that the world is a social, intersubjective, and historical world where people experience, act, and intertwine in a private and a shared world. The study is inspired by a lifeworld approach and the data was analyzed to consider people's context, their experiences and the challenges involved in leading parent-teacher conferences. The empirical work is based on observations of parent-teacher conferences and interviews with teachers and students. The analyses are made with the support of the life-world phenomenological concepts of hållning, seeing-as and pedagogical tact. The concept hållning has a duality and loses its meaning in translation. Hållning means a bodily approach and is an intertwining between the teacher's attitude and her body posture. All three concepts include verbal and bodily communicative expressions and sensitive and intuitive actions, their meanings will be highlighted and explained. The results show that teachers' leadership in parent-teacher conferences includes both preparatory and subsequent work and forms part of the teaching. Leadership both shapes the parent-teacher conference and is shaped in the same and given importance when teachers show consideration for the student, the relationship between teacher and student and the situation, balance challenges with time and sensitive topics, choose to take notes in the parent-teacher conferences in favor of presence in the conversation itself and document afterwards. Teachers' leadership in parent-teacher conferences shape the conversation through teachers' willingness to involve the students, flexibility, and ability to structure. Teachers' leadership in parent-teacher conferences are shaped by teachers' responsiveness, compliance, presence, attention, ability to improvise and playfulness. The study's life-world phenomenological approach has made it possible to see that the parent-teacher conference requires a didactic knowledge related to the student as a person, to the content and to the structure that surrounds the conversation. This has been made visible in teachers' intuitive actions and bodily expressions as well as unreflected and reflected experiences. The study's starting points have made it possible to broaden the didactic understanding of the teachers' leadership in parent-teacher conferences by highlighting the clear intertwining of these conferences with other teaching

The contemporary Qur'anic studies have been marked by amazing development. Various methods and approaches to understand the Qur'an are offered by the scholars. One of the prominent figures in this field is Nashr Hamid Abu Zayd. Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd (1943-2010 M) is a highly controversial contemporary thinker. He is an Egyptian scholar who is accused of being apostate, because of his theory of qur'anic hermeneutic (the textual of Qur'an). This is reflected in his stances towards contemporary religious discourse and the approach to reading religious texts, especially the Quran, which requires reading according to a hermeneutic mechanism. His books 'Naqd al-Khitab al-Dini (Criticism of Religious Discourse)' and 'Al-Takfir fi Zaman al-Takfir (Thinking in the Time of Atonement)' caused a great uproar in the early nineties of the last century. Abu Zayd was accused of criticising atheists because of their stances on the text. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss Abu Zayd's position on contemporary religious discourse and his new approach to reading religious texts, and also aims to discuss why Abu Zayd's theory has been string up Islamic world and ending by his expulsive from his native country. To deal with this problem, this article discusses Abd Zayd's biography and some cultural framework of his people. The methodology of Qur'anic hermeneutic is the least his. Having examined the topic, the author finds that Abu Zayd believes that modem literary theory and criticism denote the way to understand and interpret the Qur'an 'objectively'. The contribution of this research is discussing Abu Zayd's contemporary religious discourse and his new approach to reading religious texts. CONTRIBUTION: The contribution of this research is discussing Abu Zayd's contemporary religious discourse and his new approach to reading religious texts.

Palliasjon er et begrep som har fått økende aktualitet de senere årene. Betegnelsene palliasjon og lindring anvendes ofte i norske fagmiljøer. Imidlertid er det knyttet uklarhet til begrepene og bruken av dem i klinisk praksis. Hensikten med studien er å klargjøre begrepene palliasjon og lindring og derigjennom skape en dypere forståelse for dem. Vi foretok en analyse av begrepene palliasjon og lindring ved bruk av etymologiske ordbøker. Den kontekstuelle bestemmelsen tok utgangspunkt i norske offentlige dokumenter som omhandlet palliasjon og/eller lindring. Palliasjon og lindring har forskjellig etymologisk opprinnelse. Palliasjon viser til beskyttelse, verdighet og rang (i betydningen framtredende plass). Lindring knyttes til det å dempe og mildne. Fra dokumentene synliggjøres det at palliasjon og lindring innebærer en tverrfaglig personsentrert tilnærming med en verdimessig forankring der personens behov, og ikke diagnose, er i fokus. Den palliative innsatsen skal støtte opp om et meningsfullt liv for pasienter og familie. Både palliasjon og lindring knyttes til omsorg, og dette er nøkkelen til å forstå hva saken egentlig handler om. Palliasjon skal være en helhetlig tilnærming fra diagnosetidspunktet til livets avslutning. Helsetjenestens organisering og struktur er av betydning for at pasienten kan leve et meningsfullt liv.

Homosexuality and the rights of LGBTQ+ people have in recent times become one of the most discussed topics. In Ghana especially, there are massive debates, comments and advocacy of various kinds on the print, mass and electronic media on the subject. Politicians, religious leaders, among others have had to add their voice to the ongoing discussion as to whether or not to accept homosexuality. It appears the majority of Ghanaians are anti-gay and believe that the activities of homosexuals or LGBTQ+ people are unnatural and foreign to Ghanaian primal thought and thus are calling for proper human sexual rights and Ghanaian family values. This paper examines Paul’s use of malakoi (effeminates) and avrsenokoi/tai (homosexuals) in 1 Corinthians 6:9 from the perspective of the Ghanaian (Akan) culture. The researcher brings out Paul’s understanding and theology of malakoi and avrsenokoi/tai, and then engages these with the Akan understanding of homosexuality. This way, the Akan culture is factored into the interpretation of the selected Pauline passage as it forms the basis of the researcher’s theological reflection on the subject under discussion among the Akan. The researcher uses Kwame Bediako’s “scripture as the hermeneutic of culture and tradition” as an interpretive tool, to interpret the Akan philosophy on homosexuality and how that compares to Paul’s concept of homosexuality. This study serves as a contribution to knowledge as it brings new insights to the ongoing discussion throughout the world regarding the understanding of human sexuality especially from cultural and biblical perspectives. KEYWORDS: Effeminates, homosexuals, homosexuality, unrighteous, hermeneutic, culture.

COVID-19 restrictions prevented relatives from visiting and accompanying patients to hospital and required that nurses wore personal protective equipment. These changes affected patients’ relationships with relatives and challenged their ability to connect with nurses. Individual, semi-structured interviews with 15 patients were carried out to explore patients’ experiences of their relationships with relatives and their collaboration with nurses during in- and outpatient contacts in non-COVID-19 hospital wards. The analysis of data was guided by phenomenological hermeneutic frame of reference and the study was reported according to the COREQ checklist. The findings illustrated that patients felt lonely and insecure when separated from relatives, caught between relatives and professionals during information exchange, and experienced the absence of relatives as both beneficial and burdening. Visitor restrictions provided patients with time to heal but prevented provision of informal care. Patients had to take responsibility for maintaining contact with relatives independent of their health condition. COVID-19 restrictions created distance with nurses, which potentially led to insufficient physical and psychosocial care.

Translation has always been considered as one of the practical means of international culture and literature exchange. What makes the act of translation even more difficult is the existence of some kind of polysemic mystical terms that present numerous mysterious connotations to the reader. The translation becomes more difficult considering that the mystical terms are the terms that hide various mysterious senses inside or they’re small phrases that carry other meanings far from their apparent one -the meaning that comes from a spiritual world. In addition, some of them contain a mystical connotation extracted from Koranic or religious stories as well as the thoughts which come from the poet’s spiritual inspirations. Thus, finding the meaning of such terms and transferring them to other languages is a difficult task that needs minuteness and expertise; therefore, the translator is obligated to do complete comprehensive research for finding the most relevant equivalent which could transfer the same connotation to other languages. In this research, we studied the means of analyzing the mystical terms and lexis which were extracted from the Sufis’ religious-Islamic thoughts and beliefs. We applied the hermeneutic theories of Umberto Eco, the contemporary Italian hermeneut and philosopher, in this research. Eco, in his comprehensive researches in the interpretation and translations domain, discusses “the auteur’s position” and in the other way “the reader’s position”, that’s why he indicates “the text strategy” and by putting the reader on the above of all text priorities, defines the limits of interpretation. In Eco’s viewpoint, the Intra-textual coherence defines the text’s interpretation’s limits. Therefore, the reader should not impose his expectations on the text and interpret it according to his willingness or try to find and understand the author’s intention. Eco believes that the reader completes the act of creating the sense stated by the author, by completing his task of reading. The main objective of this study is to analyze the process of transferring mystical terms and symbols in Persian to French translation of Mantiq al-Tayr of Farid ud-Din Muhammad b. Ibrahim Attar, translated by two famous French translators, Leili Anvar and Garcin de Tassy, by applying the hermeneutic approach of Umberto Eco and studying their interpretations in the state of “Model Reader”. Eco defines the “Model Reader” as a reader who reads the text consciously and cognitively, such a reader can access the underlying layers of text and adopts a proper interpretation. “The text creates a world in which a reader must know the rules of the game provided by the text in order to enter it in the position of Model Reader, such a reader is familiar with intra-textual structure and principles governing the text so he starts his reading process considering this knowledge.” (Rahimi, 2011: 135) In the analytic section of our study, we analyzed five mystical terms selected from Mantiq al-Tayr of Attar: حقیقت [truth], کلام [word], پیر [old], جان [soul], نفس [self], we started our study by indicating two translations of each word then we continued by analyzing the text and its structural challenges to find out if the translator’s interpretation is proper or we can consider it as an overinterpretation, in the final section, we studied different mystical sources to verify if the translators represented the accurate interpretations from the text and terms. The most significant result of this analytical descriptive study is that these two translators followed all intertextual and intratextuality relations in their reading of the text, thus they had chosen proper equivalences which indicates their great knowledge of Attar poems scheme. Anvar and Tassy with their interpretation from each term, their great knowledge about text’s structure and its influence on the reader, tried to represent a target-oriented and meaning-oriented translation. The translators didn’t make an overinterpretation from mystical terms and they tried to interpret the terms as a Model Reader. Generally, we consider these two translations as two almost successful translations of Mantiq al-Tayr. The translators are familiar with the culture and language of the source text, the Islamic mystic, spiritual culture, and Attar’s views. So, they tried to transfer the accurate sense of each term conveying the mystical and symbolic connotation, to the target text. However, considering the fact that we cannot express mystical notions and connotations in the limited frame of words and sentences, finding and replacing the most exact equivalence for each term is the most difficult task. Consequently, we invite other researchers who are interested in translating mystical literary works, to use their spiritual interpretation as well as their subjective interpretation in their interpretation and translation process.

Quin és el paper que té la traducció a l'hora de mantenir viu el patrimoni literari universal? Aquest article reflexiona sobre per què cal no només traduir els clàssics, sinó també retraduir-los. Què poden aportar aquestes traduccions al panorama literari i quin diàleg poden establir amb la contemporaneïtat són altres preguntes sobre les quals l'article incideix. D'altra banda, planteja la relació que una traducció estableix amb les anteriors partint del cas concret d'A la recerca del temps perdut de Marcel Proust, que disposa d'una sèrie de traduccions al català des del principi del segle XX, la majoria parcials i alguna del conjunt de la sèrie. Which role translation does play in keeping the universal literary heritage alive? This papersummarizes my speech in the IX Jornades Arbonès of Translation and Literature celebrated onthe 14th and 15th October 2020 and brings about the need to translate the classics and alsoretranslate them regularly. The paper also considers the contribution of these retranslations tothe literary scene and the dialogue they establish with the contemporaneity. On the other hand, this article analyses Marcel Proust's In search of lost time's several translations to Catalan and meditates about how can we bring closer classics to the readers.

“Patient-centred care” is the recent response to the malaise produced in the field of health care from the point of view both of a technical mentality and the paternalistic model. The interest in the story-telling approach shown by both the humanities and the social sciences has favoured a “narrative turn” in medicine too, where the new ethics of therapeutic relationship consider the hermeneutic method a means by which to integrate evidence and subjectivity, scientific data and patient experience. The aim of this paper is to show how Ricoeur’s theory of “threefold mimesis” makes a conceptual contribution to the use of narrative interviews in nursing and also be successfully transferred into and applied in the field of healthcare in general. First, the paper examines how this narrative approach might open up new possibilities for the acquisition of in-depth knowledge of patients’ life experiences, a condition indispensable for the improvement of the quality of care. Secondly, it highlights how this Ricoeurian method seems capable of provide an opportunity for healthcare professionals to review their own understanding of the caregiver-patient therapeutic relationship, beginning with their confrontation with the patient’s world as revealed by the narrative they provide.

Poetry as a literary work is a representation of actions and thoughts of creator or poet after struggling with world, both outside and inner world /within himself. Values that born from struggle is very diverse, as philosophical, aesthetic, ethical, and religious value. However, this paper focuses only on aspect of religious values, in particular creed, especially on limitations aspects, hereafter and omnipotence of God. Normal value is also referred to as worth. Values are phenomenal and very distinctive. Value is phenomenal because not everyone has uniform definition about value and very distinctive because not all people give the same assessment to an object observed. Religiosity value is is related with deity or human relation with God and all His creation. This value is found in literary work, especially old literary. Poetry is part of a literary work that also contains religiosity value. Approach to reveal religiosity value in poetry Husni Djamaluddin is hermeneutic Recoeur

Bu çalışma logos sözcüğünün yeniden karakterizasyonuna dair girişim niteliğinde bir araştırmadır. Araştırma sürecinde mümkün mertebe Heidegger’in fenomenolojik yöntemi dikkate alınacaktır. Heidegger’in 1927 yılında yayımlanmış eseri Varlık ve Zaman’ın “Mukaddime”sinin “İkinci Bölümü”nde geçen “logos”a dair açıklamalar çalışmanın kapsamını oluşturacaktır. Çalışma dört aşamada araştırmasını ortaya koyacaktır. Bu aşamaların ilkinde logos kavramına genel bir bakış yapılacaktır. İkincisinde Heidegger’in, Varlık ve Zaman isimli kitabında logos sözcüğünü nasıl ele aldığı, hangi yöntemi izlediği ve bu yöntemin dayandığı temel tezler soruşturmaya tabi tutulacaktır. Üçüncü aşamada Heidegger’in fenomenoloji anlayışı özelinde “alêtheia”, “gösteren”, “gösterilen”, “fenomen”, “görünüş” gibi terimler fenomenolojik ilişkiler özelinde tartışılacaktır. Bunun yanında bu çalışmanın yapmış olduğu şey özünde logosa dair fenomenolojik bir açımlama olduğu için fenomenolojik açımlamayı açımlama, çalışmanın kapsamına ayrıca girecektir. Bu açımlamaya yardımcı olması için “explain” ve “interpret” sözcükleri devreye sokulacaktır. “Logosun Yeniden Karakterizasyonu” adlı dördüncü aşamadaysa çalışmanın asıl meselesi olan logos sözcüğü ele alınarak aslına uygun bir şekilde nasıl ifade edilebilir olduğu sorgulanacaktır., This study is an attempt critical research on the recharacterization of the word logos. In this research process, Heidegger’s phenomenological method will be taken into account as much as possible. Explanations on the logos in the “Second Chapter” of Heidegger’s “Preface” of Being and Time, published in 1927, will form the scope of the study. The study will present its research in four stages. In the first of these stages, an overview of the concept of logos will be made. In the second of these stages, the following subjects will be investigated: how Heidegger handles the word logos in his book Being and Time, what method he follows here, and what are the main theses on which this method is based. In the third stage, the terms “alêtheia”, “signifier”, “signified”, “phenomenon”, “semblance” will be discussed in Heidegger’s phenomenology understanding. As a matter of fact, each of these are terms with which this study directly or indirectly relates. In addition, what this study has done is essentially a phenomenological exposition of the logos. Therefore, this exposition will also be included in the scope of the study. The words “explain” and “interpret” will be used to aid this exposition. In the fourth stage, “Recharacterization of the Logos”, the main issue of the study, the word logos, will be discussed and it will be questioned how it can be expressed in accordance with its original form.

Günter Grass’ın “Solaklar” isimli hikâyesi ile Gabriele Wohmann’ın “Yeşil Daha Güzel” isimli hikâyesi, Alman Edebiyatı içerisinde savaş dönemi sonrasını yansıtan edebi eserlerdir. Alman Edebiyatında “Savaş Sonrası” olarak adlandırılan bu dönem, insanları maddi/manevi, psikolojik ve politik açılardan çok fazla etkilemiştir. Bireylerin özel hayatlarından başlamak üzere toplumsal hayatta yer alan varlık, görünüş, düşünce ve fiziksel özellikleri gibi unsurlar eleştirilip, ötekileştirilmişlerdir. İncelenen iki eser, bireylere toplum tarafından dayatılmış olan düşünce ve güzellik algısı etrafında karakterlerin düşünce dünyası yönünden ele alınmıştır. Eserler konusu itibariyle, toplum tarafından birey üzerinde aynı düşüncenin her zaman kabul edilebilir, doğru ve güzel olduğu algısını okuyucuya eleştirel bir yolla aktarmaktadır. Toplum içinde kalıplaşmış yargılar yöntemiyle bireylerin düşünce dünyası aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Günter Grass’ın Solaklar ve Gabriele Wohmann’ın Yeşil Daha Güzel isimli hikâyeleri dönemin şartları göz önünde bulundurularak ve karakterlerin hikâyeler içerisinde yaşamış oldukları ötekileştirme olgusu karşılaştırılarak Hermeneutik Yöntem ile yorumlanmış, hikâyelerin ortak ve farklı yönleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır., Günter Grass' short story Left-handers and Gabriele Wohmann's Green is More Beautiful are literary works that reflect the Postwar (Ger. Nachkriegsliteratur) period in German Literature. This period, also called as Nachkriegsliteratur, affected people spiritually, materially, psychologically and politically. These short stories, starting from the private lives of the characters, criticized and alienated the factors such as existence, appearance, thought and physical appearance in the social life. These two works, also analyzed throughout the study, were reviewed in terms of the characters’ points of view around the perception of thought and beauty imposed on individuals by society. In terms of the subject, the perception that the same thought of being acceptable, correct and beautiful by society, has been critically conveyed to the reader. It was attempted to clarify the world of thoughts of the characters by the method of stereotypes. In this study, Günter Grass' Left-handers and Gabriele Wohmann's Green is More Beautiful were analyzed with the method of hermeneutic by comparing the phenomenon of alienation, considering the conditions of the period, and attempted to put forward the common and different aspects of the stories.

The sorting works of parts of speech, which innate on language studies conducted since ancient Greece, are continuing. First, the studies done so far will be discussed in our study. The findings put forward in these studies will be evaluated. However, it has not been met in common points in these studies. Therefore, in this study, the questions and suggestions of hermeneutic and linguistic philosophy, will be used. Accordingly, as Wittgenstein pointed out, the uses of language will be emphasized. Philosophical questions and debates may open us up, maybe cause more confusion. Nevertheless, it is important to ask these questions, even if the answer is not received. As a result, this study will be given general input and information about the studies carried out, hermeneutic philosophy will be explained, many ideas of thought on language will be used, especially Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations. important in the study, as a result, a general evaluation will be made., Antik Yunan’dan itibaren yapılan dil çalışmalarının temelinde yer alan sözcük türlerinin tasnif çalışmaları devam etmektedir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle, şimdiye kadar yapılmış çalışmalara değinilecektir. Bu çalışmalarda ortaya konan bulgular değerlendirilecektir. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda ortak noktalarda buluşulamamıştır. Bu çalışmada hermeneutik felsefeden ve dil felesefesinin sorularından, önerilerinden yararlanılacaktır. Buna göre Wittgenstein’ın da vurguladığı gibi dilin kullanımı üzerinde durulacaktır. Felsefi sorular ve tartışmalar belki önümüzü açacak, belki daha fazla karışıklığa sebep olacaktır. Yine de bu soruların sorulması, cevap alınmasa bile önem arz etmektedir. Neticede bu çalışmada bu konuya genel giriş yapılıp yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilecek, hermeneutik felsefe açıklanacak, dil üzerine düşünmüş pek çok düşünürün fikirlerinden yararlanılacak, özellikle de Wittgenstein’in Felsefi Soruşturmaları bu çalışmada önemli yer tutacak, sonuç olarak ise genel bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır.

Aim To provide insights into nurses lived experiences in caring for children with cancer. Background Little is known about the paediatric oncology nurses shared practices of caring for children with cancer in Ghana. Design A hermeneutic phenomenological qualitative study. Methods A semi-structured interview with 14 purposely sampled Ghanaian paediatric oncology nurses. Findings were analysed using Diekelman, Allen and Tanner's approach. Results The theme "Striving to reduce suffering" and three relational subthemes: "knowing children's needs," "Rendering a hopeful fight" and "Ensuring continuity and coordination of care" emerged. Increased awareness of this phenomenon for the nurses who care for these children is vital to ensure quality and holistic care that is meaningful and satisfying by nurses for children with cancer. Paediatric oncology nurses can use the result of the study to evaluate their caring practice and as an avenue to develop better caring practice.

South Lampung is one of the areas that still upholds customary and cultural values. Including one of them is in terms of preserving the environment. On the other hand, development in the area continues. However, the development discourse initiated by local governments, both district and provincial, often conflicts with the interests of local communities. One of them is the refusal, such as the local community and non-governmental organizations in the Rajabasa sub-district of South Lampung, against the exploitation of sand in the waters of the Anak Krakatau mountain by a private company that has obtained a permit from the provincial government. This study aims to determine the perspective of local non-governmental organizations and local governments in interpreting the existence of natural resources in the regions. The research method used is qualitative with a discourse analysis approach. Data collection comes from literature studies such as books, journals and news. The results show that the community has a perspective in looking at natural resources in the area, namely that they must maintain the status quo by assessing that natural resources need to be preserved as local wisdom without exploitation while the government assesses natural resources through proper exploration of natural resources. in fact, it can optimize regional income and create welfare for the community

Background: In the associated article in this special issue of the International Practice Development Journal, Phelan et al. (2020) offer an analysis of the global positioning of person-centredness from a strategic policy perspective. This second article, an international person-centred education curriculum development initiative, builds on that foundational work. It outlines the systematic, rigorous processes adopted by academics from five European countries to analyse stakeholder data, theoretically frame the data, and thereby identify philosophical and pedagogical principles to inform the development of person-centred curriculum frameworks. Aim: To identify key principles that have the potential to create an international curriculum framework for the education of person-centred healthcare practitioners. Methods: A hermeneutic praxis methodological approach was used, where multiple rounds of data analyses were conducted. These were initially undertaken in each country, then collaboratively with partners, while engaging with other forms of evidence. Findings: The project group generated a set of principles embedded in four philosophical dimensions: (i) transformative; (ii) co-constructed; (iii) relational; and (iv) pragmatic. The purpose of the curriculum was identified as being transformative, facilitating journeying through knowing, doing, being and becoming a competent and committed person-centred practitioner. A person-centred curriculum is built on a philosophy of pragmatism, adopts a co-constructionist approach to curriculum design and implementation, and encourages connectivity with self, other persons and contexts. Pedagogical principles, aligned to the four philosophical dimensions, identified the required learning environment, and the learning, teaching and assessment approaches required to educate person-centred healthcare practitioners. Conclusion: This article represents steps to foster a more focused and engaging way of implicitly and explicitly embedding person-centred care in curricula. Our theoretical framework has enabled us to consider the different layers of practice while staying true to the purpose of curriculum design. The presentation of the framework in this article makes it available for wider critique to those with an interest in this area of study. Implications for practice: The draft framework provides an opportunity for curriculum teams to critically reflect on and have dialogue around current curricula Person-centred curricula have the potential to improve service-user experiences of care Prepared person-centred practitioners will contribute to person-centred cultures Students and practitioners will experience person-centredness Practitioners will be bold and innovative

Aim and objectives To explore the meaning of living with HIV positive in Ghanaian adolescents. Design Hermeneutic phenomenological approach developed by Van Manen methodology (1990). Method A purposive sampling of 12 adolescents living with HIV was recruited. Data were collected between September 2019–January 2020 using semi‐structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Two main themes emerged: Stigmatization and HIV disclosure and Living with a heavy burden. Seven subthemes were also found. Adolescents living with HIV in Ghana face discrimination, rejection and go through psychological distress such as suicidal thoughts, fear of death and hopelessness. Conclusion The problems faced by adolescents living with HIV are a result of the inherent beliefs of the Ghanaian society about HIV. Nurses working with ADLHIV should concentrate on identifying challenges and provide support and care, in addition to their treatment.

Early Christian tradition placed Mary Magdalene as a sacred woman, who because of her divine God made her worthy of being a witness to the resurrection. Mary became an epitome for many who were awake in faith searching for Him on Easter morning. He is also a model of the church in its pilgrimage seeking God. Using a hermeneutics perspective, dealing with the Bible, Paul Ricoeur clearly distinguishes between reading and interpreting activities, "exegesis" and "hermeneutics". "Interpretation" not only means "exegesis", but "exegesis" as well as "hermeneutics". Productive hermeneutics bear a thesis, that is, the position of faith which contains free ethical choices. It is in this light that Mary Magdalene and her life will be seen in a hermeneutical perspective in order to arrive at an emancipatory ethical calling. In a pedagogical perspective, Maria's life values are: sensitivity- compassion, missionary vocation to be an agent of change, and wise creativity.

This paper describes two broader tendencies about the sociological problem of action’s meaning. They can be better explained using two intuitive metaphors. The first one is “the mindlike a computer”, and the second one is “the world like a text”. The paper shows, in a generalapproach, the basic postulates of each tendency and their main ontological, epistemologicaland methodological weaknesses. Then, it will show the implicit convergences, illustrated withthree main theoretical flaws: dualism, atomism, and holism. The paper stresses the importanceof interdisciplinary research, including the so-called biosocial sciences, to override these flaws. O presente artigo descreve duas grandes tendências de abordagem do problema sociológico dosentido da ação. Elas podem ser melhor compreendidas fazendo uso de duas metáforas intuitivas.Trata a primeira da “mente como um computador”, e a segunda do “mundo como um texto”.Descrevem-se de modo geral os supostos filosóficos de cada tendência e os seus principais déficitsontológicos, epistemológicos e metodológicos. Em seguida, são apresentadas as suas convergências implícitas, ilustradas em três déficits teóricos: o dualismo, o atomismo e o holismo. Oartigo ressalta a importância da pesquisa interdisciplinar, incluindo nela as chamadas ciênciasbiossociais para a superação desses déficits.

This research focuses on the hilâl witness verse contained in Q.S. al-Baqarah [2]:185. Tafsîr scholars such as al-Râzî, al-Marâghî, Ibn Kathîr, and Quraish Shihab have not yet formulated its exegesis comprehensively, especially in these days when many people claim about hilâl witness that is needed to be justified. They only interpreted the verse as limited to the conditions of people who were staying or traveling. Therefore, the author gives other tafsîr styles using hermeneutics and deconstruction methods as well as scientific-astronomical approach; it uses descriptive qualitative research. The result of this research gives legal legitimacy that the accepted hilâl testimony accepted is the one fulfilling fiqh and astronomy criteria. He is not any random person but the one that must have sufficient expertise and ability in rukyat al-hilâl process. This can be seen from the word مَن (man) in Q.S. al-Baqarah [2]:185 which is part of isim al-mawṣûl and isim ma'rifat giving the principle of specificity.

Sufferers from burnout might experience a sincere bonding to their lost lifeworld, which can result in their holding on to their previous worlds while simultaneously trying to unleash themselves. In this article, four experiential dimensions are presented in discussion with the phenomenological insights provided by Merleau-Ponty. These dimensions are “Trapped in the present body,” “the balancing act,” “precious moments of joy,” and “this is my Lifeworld now.” In the rehabilitation process, the participants demonstrated deliberate choices and reflective self-cultivation to adjust to their present situation. The illness seemed to promote a search for meaning—and out of the existential chaos, a “new” habitual body might appear. The study provides invaluable information about the rehabilitation process and the need for humanistic interventions.

In this critical hermeneutic study, I critically explore nursing leaders’ storied experiences of phronesis within the COVID-19 pandemic. Phronesis is the ability to perceive a situation and deliberate well in order to determine the best course of action for human beings. Theoretically informed by critical social theories, I considered how the enactment of phronesis was often performed according to normative discourses and the socio-political historical situatedness of nursing leaders. I utilized Frank’s (2012a) narrative dialogic analysis to interpret and bring into conversation participant stories, and multiple discursive voices. Based on Pinkola Estés (1995), I use the metaphor of the wild wolf to frame the narratives of nursing leaders’ who, I argue have at times, relegated their ‘wildish nature’ to the poorest lands of their authentic self. Amidst the chaos and unknowns of the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic nursing leaders collaborated with leadership “command teams” to make decisions based on institutional and government directives. The findings in this research demonstrate how phronesis is often performative based on socially constructed leadership models that have created images of how to be a competent and effective leader. Managerialist discourses and hegemonic cultures are argued to lurk in the shadows and to sustain the health care hierarchy shaping nursing leaders’ prioritization of dominant views over nursing perspectives. While nursing leaders in this research often framed their thinking and actions based on altruistic values and beliefs, the discrepancy between values, beliefs and actions was also evident in the data. It is argued that a consideration of what is “best” in nursing leadership practice requires reflexivity and a critical understanding of how discourses influence one’s identity and world view. Phronesis was revealed through nursing leaders embodied sense of the right thing to do and the articulation of clear principles that underpin decision-making and actions. Recognizing how hegemonic cultures shape one’s ‘self’ has the potential to transform and (re)connect nursing leaders with their authentic selves. Additionally, interpretations offer considerations for nursing leadership education and professional development by taking into account how managerialist and institutional discourses shape nursing leader’s ontological perspectives. Greater attention to critical perspectives, reflexivity, knowing and naming institutional discourses and cultures has the potential to inform a reimagining of phronesis as a ‘way of being’ for nursing leaders.

In this contribution, it is argued that Joseph Ratzinger had a profound influence on the Christology and specifically resurrection belief of the Catholic Church. This is evident in the way Ratzinger approached the challenge and relevance of Jesus' question, 'But who do you say that I am?' For Ratzinger, the reality of the incarnatory event means that the Christian faith is about a person, and thus, it is historical as well. In this sense, history for Ratzinger becomes more than just a succession of human events. It also includes God's act in history. Jesus Christ manifested God concretely. In the same light, for Ratzinger, the Church concretely manifested Jesus Christ. Hence, for Ratzinger, thinking with the Church is essential for a proper exegesis or hermeneutics. Because of that, tradition and Scripture are essential to Ratzinger's Christological thought. In the teachings of the Church fathers and the lives of the saints, he finds a concrete manifestation of Jesus' teaching as contained in the New Testament. Thus, his spiritual Christology results from his meditation on the fathers, saints and some contemporary theologians that makes Ratzinger's Christological thought to be both ancient and new. This contribution highlights a Christological approach that values the historical and brings it into conversation with the theological. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: This research represents intradisciplinary work within the field of Christian Theology, connecting aspects of Catholic Theology to hermeneutical methodology and what is known as a Christology 'from above'. It connects a historical and theological perspective within systematic theology to highlight the ways in which the Pope and theologian Joseph Ratzinger influenced resurrection belief within the Catholic Church.

Sommes-nous libres ou sommes-nous déterminés ? La liberté est-elle simplement une illusion dans un cours des choses gouverné par la nécessité ? Il semble que la question sur la liberté ne saurait trouver de réponse certaine si elle reste ainsi posée dans ces termes qui sont ceux de la troisième antinomie kantienne. Notre étude tentera de montrer, à l’aide du corpus heideggérien, que poser la question de la liberté dans le cadre de la causalité, c’est d’emblée mécomprendre l’essence de l’être humain, de la liberté et du monde. Ce n’est qu’en redécouvrant une liberté plus originaire que l’on pourrait comprendre en quoi nous sommes essentiellement libres. La thèse de notre étude est que la « liberté herméneutique » chez Heidegger correspond à cette liberté originaire. Notre mémoire retracera, en trois parties, l’évolution du concept de liberté chez Heidegger de l’époque de Sein und Zeit jusqu’à sa pensée tardive. La première partie de notre étude s’intéresse au Dasein en tant qu’il est être-au monde : en reproblématisant la relation de l’être humain avec son monde, nous montrerons que l’être humain est essentiellement libre en tant qu’il se caractérise par son ouverture herméneutique au monde. La deuxième partie cherche à éclaircir le lien entre liberté et vérité : le Dasein, en tant qu’il est libre, est aussi dans la vérité entendue comme ouverture. Nous pourrons ainsi mettre en évidence dans la dernière partie de notre mémoire la continuité entre le concept de la liberté lors du « tournant » avec celui de l’époque d’Être et Temps et approfondir la notion de l’authenticité au-delà d’Être et Temps., Do we have free will or are determined? Is freedom only an illusion in a course of the world governed by necessity? It seems that the question of liberty cannot find a definitive answer if it remains thus posed in these terms which are those of the third Kantian antinomy. Our study will try to show, with the help of Heidegger’s work, that asking the question of liberty within the framework of causality is to misunderstand from the outset the essence of human being, of liberty and of the world. It is only by discovering a more radical liberty, freed from this framework, that one could understand how we are essentially free. The thesis of our study is that “hermeneutical freedom” in Heidegger corresponds to this radical freedom. Our thesis will retrace, in its three parts, the evolution of the concept of freedom in Heidegger from the time of Sein und Zeit until his later period. The first part of our study will look into Dasein as being-in-the-world: by problematizing the relationship between the human being and its world, we will show that freedom is essentially characterized as a hermeneutical openness to the world. The second part seeks to clarify the link between freedom and truth: Dasein, as it is free, is also truth understood as openness. We will thus be able to highlight in the last part of our study the continuity between the concept of freedom at the time of the "turn" with that at the time of “Being and Time” and be able to deepen the notion of authenticity beyond “Being and Time”.

Social support is known to be essential to cope with the physical and psychological aftermath following coronary heart disease treatment. Consequently, patients experiencing loneliness may be placed in a vulnerable situation. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the nuances and complexity of loneliness and its impact on health behaviour in the early rehabilitation period following treatment. The study used a hermeneutic philosophical approach. Patients classified as lonely were interviewed in either a focus group (n = 7) or in an individual interview (n = 10). We analysed the empirical material using inductive content analysis. The analysis illuminated various dimensions of patients’ perceived loneliness; ‘Loneliness as an emotional pain’, ‘A changed, but unmet need for social support’ and ‘Striving for symmetry in relationships’. Loneliness negatively influenced patients’ ability to adapt to the critical event and manage health behaviour changes. Insight into the mechanisms that aggravate loneliness may inform future social support interventions. Social støtte er beskrevet som essentiel i forbindelse med håndteringen af de fysiske og psykiske følger af iskæmisk hjertesygdom. Derfor kan patienter som oplever ensomhed være i en særlig sårbar situation. Formålet med dette kvalitative studie var at opnå en nuanceret indsigt i patients oplevelse af ensomhed, samt hvordan ensomhed influerer på sundhedsadfærd i den tidlige rehabiliteringsperiode efter behandlingen for iskæmisk hjertesygdom. I studiet havde vi en hermeneutisk filosofisk tilgang. Patienter klassificeret som ensomme blev interviewet enten individuelt (n = 10) eller i fokusgruppe (n = 7). Vi analyserede det empiriske materiale med induktiv indholdsanalyse. Analysen tydeliggjorde forskellige dimensioner af patienternes oplevede ensomhed: ”Ensomhed som en emotionel smerte”, ”Et ændret, men ikke imødekommet behov for social støtte”, Stræben efter symmetri i relationer”. Ensomhed havde en negativ indflydelse på patienternes mulighed for at håndtere den kritiske hændelse og på sundhedsadfærd. En øget indsigt i de mekanismer som forværrer ensomhed, har relevans ved udarbejdelsen af fremtidige sociale støtteinterventioner.

Denna studie syftar till att synliggöra förstelärare inom musiks upplevelser av deras förutsättningar för professionella praktiker och deras uppfattning om professionell utveckling. Genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie utfrågas tre individer. Studien använder ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv som utgångspunkt. En semistrukturerad intervjuform används vid insamling av data där förstelärare får beskriva hur de arbetar med dessa områden samt deras upplevelser om arbetet. Materialet spelas in, transkriberas och analyseras därefter genom en tematisk analysmetod. Studien har tagit avstamp från undersökningen Lärares planering och efterarbete av lektioner som är skriven av Nordgren m.fl. (2019). I deras studie framkommer det att lärare i många fall saknar goda förutsättningar för planering och efterarbete. Inom dessa områden saknas en infrastruktur som stödjer systematiskt arbete, detta gäller även vid kartläggning av elevers resultat. I min studies resultatdel redovisas fungerande lösningar på hur lärare och skola bättre kan arbeta med dessa problem. I min studies resultat framkommer det att läsning av forskningslitteratur beror på intresse, tid och behov. Det finns dock lite till ingen avsatt tid för detta. Resultatet visar att det organisatoriska stödet spelar en stor roll i den akademiska forskningens inflytande på skolor genom att till exempel vidarebefordra relevant forskning, skapa pedagogiska utvecklingsgrupper och anordna föreläsningar. En hög vilja att utvecklas bland lärarkollegiet påverkar också forskningsintresset positivt. Enligt resultatet är forskning idag inte relevant vid planeringsarbetet utan används istället mer som en grund för hur lärare arbetar. Musiklärares planeringsarbete skiljer sig vid grupp- och enskild undervisning visar resultatet. Vid enskild undervisning står elevens intresse och läroplan i fokus. Vid gruppundervisning förespråkas en grundmall för planeringsarbetet som går att återanvända år till år för att spara planeringstid. I resultatet presenteras individanpassningslösningar för gruppundervisning. Resultatet visar att förstelärare ser kollegialt samarbete som en nödvändighet. Organisatoriskt stöd är viktigt inom detta område och flera lösningar presenteras i resultatet såsom arenaföreläsningar, pedagogiska grupper och klassrumsbesök. Resultatet visar att digitala läroplattformar används flitigt för systematiskt arbete vid kartläggning och återkoppling. This study aims to show lead teachers in music experience terms which relate to their professional practices and their professional development. Through a qualitative interview study three individuals are questioned about their work and working conditions. This study uses the perspective of hermeneutics as it’s starting point. The collection of data is made through semi-structural interviews through which lead teachers describe how they work and how they experience their work. The data is recorded, transcribed, and thereafter analysed via a thematic analyse method. This study is based on a Swedish study from Nordgren et al. (2019) called Lärares planering och efterarbete av lektioner. A conclusion of their study is that most teachers do not have sufficient conditions for planning in Swedish schools. There is an absence of infrastructure to support systematic work. This lack of systematic support also applies to the surveying of students results. My study provides working solutions for these problems. These solutions include methods on how teachers can work more effectively with existing conditions and how school management can provide events and arrangements for their teachers to advance collegial collaboration. The results show that the reading of scientific research literature is based on teachers’ interest, time and need. With that said there is little to no time for this in working hours. The results indicate that organised support plays a big part of the amount of influence academic research have in schools. A collective wish for high goal attainment amongst teachers have a positive impact on the interest of reading research. The results reveal that today’s research is not relevant in the planning of lessons. It is instead used as a groundwork for how to work as a teacher in general. The results show that music teachers work differently when planning for a lesson with an individual compared to lessons involving groups. In an individual lesson the students’ interest in combination with the curriculum is what is most important. For group classes teachers advocate creating a comprehensive groundwork which can be reused each year. This saves time and energy according to the results. Solutions on how to work with individualisation in group classes is presented in the results. The results reveal that lead teachers view collegial cooperation as a necessity. Organised support is needed for the cooperation to function. Several solutions are presented in the results such as arena lectures, open lesson, and communities of practice. The results show that digital learning management systems are used frequently for assessment and feedback.

Resumo Neste trabalho, investigamos a experiência de seis mães enlutadas pela morte de seus filhos. As experiências concretas, tal como descritas pelas mães, nos permitem acompanhar o fenômeno do luto materno. Ao analisar fenomenologicamente o sentido encontrado no âmbito da experiência do luto, precisamos, em um primeiro momento, recuar frente às interpretações correntes sobre o luto, subtraindo a conotação patologizante que muitas vezes é atribuída a essa experiência. Após essa postura metodológica, acompanhamos os vetores internos mobilizadores da experiência do luto e, por fim, alcançamos a dinâmica e a estrutura do próprio fenômeno. Com a análise fenomenológica, constatamos doze unidades de significado presentes no relato das mães enlutadas: a imortalidade por meio de homenagens e comemorações; a eternidade do luto; a saudade e a lembrança; a luta contra o esquecimento; o pedido de ajuda; o ver para além do corpo; o vazio que não se preenche; a vida continua, mesmo que a do filho não; a crença em Deus e no reencontro; o afeto do amor; o inexplicável e imensurável do luto. Abstract In this paper we investigate the experience of six mother grieving the death of their children. Concrete experiences, as described by the mothers, allow us to follow up the maternal grief phenomenon. Analyzing phenomenologically the meaning we find in the sphere of the grief experience, it is necessary, at first, to recede in the face of the current interpretations over grief, subtracting a pathologizing connotation that is often attributed to the experience. After this methodological approach, we follow the internal mobilizing vectors from the grief experience and finally, we reach the dynamic and the structure of the phenomenon itself. With a phenomenological analysis, we found twelve units of meanings found in the grieving mothers’ report: the immortality by using tributes and celebrations; the eternity of mourning; the longing and remembrance; the fight against forgetfulness; the aid request; the vision beyond the body; the emptiness that is not filled; life goes on, even though the child’s does not; belief in God and in reunion; the affection of love; the inexplicable and immeasurable mourning. Resumen En este trabajo investigamos la experiencia de seis madres afligidas por la muerte de sus hijos. Las experiencias concretas, tal como las describen las madres, nos permiten seguir el fenómeno del luto materno. Al analizar fenomenológicamente el significado que está en el contexto de la experiencia del luto, necesitamos, al principio, retirarnos de las interpretaciones actuales del luto, sacando la connotación patológica que a menudo se atribuye a esta experiencia. Después de esta postura metodológica, seguimos los vectores internos movilizando la experiencia del luto y, finalmente, alcanzamos la dinámica y estructura del fenómeno mismo. Con el análisis fenomenológico, llegamos a doce unidades de significado presentes en el informe de madres afligidas: la inmortalidad a través de homenajes y celebraciones; la eternidad del luto; el anhelo y recuerdo; la lucha contra el olvido; la solicitud de ayuda; el verlo más allá del cuerpo; el vacío que no se llena; la vida sigue incluso si la del hijo no; el creer en Dios y en el reencuentro; el afecto del amor; lo inexplicable e inconmensurable del luto.

The proposal of this paper is to clarify the main aspects of Raúl Zaffaroni’s thought about his theoretical model of the criminal justice system, which fits a criminal minimalism. In the same way, it’s to demonstrate a close study between the proposal of Zaffaroni and the current Brazilian constitutionalism, particularly under the perspective on hermeneutics. In general, it uses descriptive and analytical methods with statistical data to describe the reality of the criminal policy in Brazil. Moreover, it is necessary to keep in mind the phenomenology present in the final stages of this paper. The most important aspects of the author’s idea are the realism of marginalism and the colonialism/neocolonialism. As a result of these two elements there is a possibility of achieving the rescue of the facticity and the history of Latin America’s reality. This aspect converges with the proposal of hermeneutics with existential phenomenology, that is to say, it has as a base the philosophy of existential analysis or fundamental ontology. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of hermeneutics to understand and interpret the constitutional text is an appropriate way to correct the current paradigm shift, as well as reconstructing the criminal justice system properly.

The title of work has a special place among identity-related components of a historical text. The title of historical work is a critical factor for identifying and distinguishing from other works and can act as a criterion to introduce its themes. Studies on title selection in historical sources can open new horizons for researchers in this field. The present study offers a hermeneutic reading of title selection in historical sources of Islamic Iran to analyze factors contributing to selecting the title of these texts. The primary purpose of this reading is to show factors and elements affecting the process of title selection. This study explores texts from 11 to 20 Century CE (5-14 Century AH). Results of this study show that the selection of titles in Iranian historical sources after Islam was affected by certain textual and hypertextual factors, the most influential factors being the use of stylistic devices, imitation of existing titling methods, the role of state ideology, and the perceptions of the historian.

This study focuses on the discourse about the meaning of Jihad that emerged in the Muhammadiyah circle as one of the Islamic Organizations in Indonesia. The discussion of meaning of Jihad as a way of peace or a way of war becomes crucial amid radicalism, terrorism, violence movements and chaos waged on behalf of religion. However, Muhammadiyah believes that the meaning of Jihad is anti-war and anti-violence which strengthens the understanding of Islam as the religion of rahmatan lil alamin (a mercy to all creation). This belief is criticism and contra-discourse towards camps that perceive Jihad as war and acts of violence. This study uses Paul Ricoeur's Interpretation Theory and focuses on the interpretation of the text based on the distinction between the text and the reader. The method is Ricoeur's hermeneutic method which focuses on the distortion of language, discourse, and textuality. The study shows that textually the meaning of Jihad among the Muhammadiyah circle is jihad lil-muwajahah, or the struggle to tackle a challenge by creating a superior movement, for example, “Jihad Konstitusi.” Muhammadiyah's understanding of the meaning of Jihad can be used as a counter-discourse on the meaning of Jihad which well known as an act of terrorism.

In this study, hermeneutic method has been applied for Nef’i's Dîvân of poem by a selected couplet. Functioning secular understanding of the unity of God went down to the deep structure of the surface structure of verse, leaving aside. Couplet has been pointed out to the allegorical meaning. Classical Turkish literature while text commentary are generally not exceeded the traditional attitude. This attitude, will cause the text to misunderstanding the various processes that occur. Hermeneutics, will facilitate the annotation of classical Turkish poetry. Classical Turkish poetry commentary make it easier for analysis according to the hermeneutics. For this purpose, the depth of meaning Nef’i's couplets were studied to be uncover. XVII. century classical Turkish poet who lived there before Nef'î. They write poetry before him. Şeyh Galip, Hafız-ı Şirazî and Nedîm of couplets were selected to be similar. Done analysis of common themes. Thus parallels shown. Selected couplets for Nef’î’s couplet, were examined in terms of both physical and metaphysical. It is also made of micro-universe expansion. Outside the poet's thoughts and feelings are the world connotations. Deep structure relationships unravel word was unveiled. The relationship between the dream world with the outside world were analyzed. Thus symbolic value in couplets were analyzed.

The modern philosophical hermeneutics is considered as a methodological project and the final phase of the development of classical philosophy. Comparison is made with other theories claiming to be philosophical and general humanitarian methodology: semiotics, structuralism, etc. Hermeneutics as a theory of understanding and interpretation is studied in connection with modern requests for the construction of holistic theories representing a holistic world view, which is especially important for understanding cultural heritage and individual its components. The relationship of philosophical hermeneutics with the philosophy of language and the theoretical uncertainty of the most important elements of hermeneutic discourse are shown. It is rather problematic, although more productive, the connection between hermeneutics and metaphysics, in general – all metaphysical issues. If metaphysics is understood as the semantic core of philosophy representing and processing all the meanings available to man, then hermeneutics, by its very nature and purpose, must act as a function of interpretation and search of meaning in philosophy itself, in all philosophical theories without exception, which makes hermeneutics by definition the most universal philosophical methodology. This very radically distinguishes hermeneutics from the reductions of interpretation, from excessive schizentism, psychology, sociology, economism, and others like that. All attempts to clarify the philosophical meanings through various forms of human activity, «to put up» the philosophy of one of them failed. It hermeneutics is trying to clarify philosophy through its inherent open search for the truth of its not rest on the achieved, its constant self-renewal, and even self-denial. In considering the meaning we must one way or another take into account its two sides - the material form – the form of speech and speech and the mental – the form of human thought and personal meaning. An attempt to consider semantics only as a material structure, which can operate objectively, leads to significant impoverishment and formalization of any research in this area. Consideration of meaning mainly from the point of view of its internal, subjective content in turn leads to a considerable arbitrariness of hermeneutic interpretations. Depending on the goals and objectives of the particular study, one of the ontological components of the ctyce may be at the forefront, but ultimately, in the field of view of any researcher, the external and internal form of it should be retained. Man is capable of understanding only what it is now, and it is precisely at this moment, but it is a fairly widespread and rather complex illusion – the creation and understanding of meaning in relation to oneself. We simply do not think over words and believe that any experience or mental manifestation, every thought has a presumption of meaning and comprehension. Thus, philosophical hermeneutics acts as a continuing extension of European metaphysics, its traditional problems in the sphere of complex, multilevel structure of meaning and semantic activity. The Tsarism of meaning and creation of meaning is the definition of a new vision of ontology, its new meaning, and the sensibility of hermeneutics as a general philosophical methodology.

Islam is the rahmat l i a l - ‘a > lami > n religion that spreads goodness to all human beings. Islam is a religion that covers all aspects of human life. Whatever human problems in the world can be found a solution in Islam. The community only needs to be connected with Islam to be able to know all the solutions that will be given. A community also has local wisdom that can be a motto or a hardener in its life. One of the local wisdoms possessed by the Minangkabau community is the saying. Minangkabau people must be able to capture the meaning and make the life philosophy of these proverbs, so that they can be used as fighting spirit in life. These Minangkabau proverbs have existed since time immemorial who did not know who the creator was. This raises concerns about its unclear origin. However, after analyzing the Minangkabau proverbs, although it is not known who the author is, but it was found that the message conveyed in these proverbs did not contradict the Qur'an and Hadith. Minangkabau and Islamic proverbs also mutually reinforce and even the proverbs come from Islam. الملخص: الإسلام هو دين رحمة للعالمين التي تنتشر العطف إلى كل ركن من أركان إنسان، والإسلام هو الدين الذي يشمل جميع جوانب حياة الإنسان، بغض النظر عن مشاكل الإنسان في العالم يمكن حلها في الإسلام، الناس بحاجة للتواصل مع الإسلام لتكون قادرة على معرفة كل الحلول سوف تقدم، والمجتمع أيضا المعرفة المحلية التي يمكن أن يكون شعار أو القوة الدافعة في حياته، واحدة من المعرفة المحلية تمتلك المجتمع مينانغكابو هو يجب على، المجتمع المينانجكاباو-مكسيم المثل تكون قادرة على استيعاب معنى وفلسفة الحياة القول المأثور، المثل، بحيث يمكن أن يكون الروح صراع في الحياة، وقد وجدت-حكمة المثل مينانغكابو منذ زمن سحيق الذين لا يعرفون من هو الخالق، وهذا يثير مخاوف حول أصله ليس واضحا، ومع ذلك، وبعد إجراء تحليل للالمينانجكاباو-حكمة المثل، على الرغم من أنه لا يعرف من هو المؤلف، ولكن تم العثور على بكالوريوس رسالة هوا سلمت في المثل المأثور ذلك، يتعارض تماما مع القرآن والحديث، قائلا المثل مينانغكابو الإسلام أيضا يعزز بعضه بعضا والقول المأثور حتى، مثل أن مصدر يأتي من الإسلام Abstrak: Islam adalah agama rahmat l i a l - ‘a > lami > n yang menyebarkan kebaikan kepada seluruh pelosok manusia. Islam adalah agama yang meliputi segala aspek kehidupan manusia. Apapun permasalahan manusia di dunia ini bisa ditemukan solusinya di dalam Islam. Masyarakat hanya perlu terhubung dengan Islam untuk bisa mengetahui segala solusi yang akan diberikannya. Suatu masyarakat juga mempunyai kearifan lokal yang bisa menjadi motto atau pengerak dalam hidupnya. Salah satu kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat Minangkabau adalah pepatah-petitih. Masyarakat Minangkabau harus bisa menangkap makna dan menjadikan filosofi hidup pepatah-petitih tersebut, sehingga bisa dijadikan semangat juang dalam kehidupan. Pepatah-pepitih Minangkabau ini telah ada sejak dahulu kala yang tidak tahu siapa penciptanya. Ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan asalnya yang tidak jelas. Namun, setelah melakukan analisis terhadap pepatah-petitih Minangkabau, meskipun tidak diketahui siapa yang pengarangnya, tetapi didapati bahwa pesan yang disampaikan dalam pepatah-petitih tersebut, sama sekali tidak bertentangan dengan al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Pepatah-petitih Minangkabau dan Islam juga saling menguatkan dan malahan pepatah-petitih tersebut sumbernya berasal dari Islam.

Orientador: Maria da Gloria Marcondes Gohn Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Resumo: presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a cultura organizacional construída ¿ pelo movimento de mudanças nos procedimentos administrativos, oriundo de reformas implementadas pelo governo brasileiro, especialmente no Estado de São Paulo, pós anos 1990 ¿ na Delegacia Regional Tributária do Vale do Paraíba. A amostra foi composta pelos Agentes Fiscais de Rendas e Técnicos da Administração Tributária pertencentes ao quadro de funcionários da Delegacia Regional Tributária do Vale do Paraíba. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os funcionários da Delegacia Regional Tributária do Vale do Paraíba e com os funcionários pertencentes ao Núcleo Estratégico e à Escola Fazendária do Estado de São Paulo, lotados na cidade de São Paulo. Os relatos são apresentados como Histórias de Vida e são analisados com base na metodologia desenvolvida por J. B. Thompson, para análise das formas simbólicas, denominada Hermenêutica de Profundidade (HP). A análise dos relatos confirma a hipótese levantada, ou seja, as reformas levadas a efeito pelo Estado brasileiro não criaram uma nova cultura nas práticas e representações de seus funcionários Abstract: This research general purpose was to analyze the organizational culture developed by the changes movement in the administrative procedures originated with the reforms implemented by the Brazilian government, especially in São Paulo state, after 1990¿s, concerning the workers activities from ¿Delegacia Regional Tributária do Vale do Paraíba. The sample consisted of Income Fiscal Agents and Tributary Administration Technicians who belong to the staff from ¿Delegacia Regional Tributária do Vale do Paraíba. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the workers from ¿Delegacia Regional Tributária do Vale do Paraíba¿ and workers from ¿Núcleo Estratégico¿ and ¿Escola Fazendária do Estado de São Paulo, located in São Paulo city. The reports are presented as Life Stories and are analysed based on the methodology developed by J. B. Thompson, for symbolic ways analysis, called Depth Hermeneutics (DP). The reports analysis confirms the hypothesis that the changes made by the Brazilian State did not create a new culture concerning its workers representations and practices Doutorado Politicas de Educação e Sistemas Educativos Doutor em Educação

Today, the characteristics and events related to the management necessitate the evaluation of all information in a holistic manner. For this reason, it is necessary to consider the events in today's business and management worldwith a versatile and relativist perspective. This dynamic way of doing business requires leaders to consider more variables in managerial influence and interests. Today's managerial field describes an environment in which complex activities involving a widevariety of dynamics and procedures take place in the context of determining state styles, comparing the selected state styles with eachother, the impact of the possible behavior of the environment and competitors, and meeting expectations. In this context, quantum thought has the potential to guide the methods that help managers achieve ambiguous reality with the intellectual data it offers. In this study, the relationship between the outputs of entanglement and superposition principles of quantum theory, which is essentially derived from the science of physics, and management science is tried to be revealed., Günümüzde yönetim ile alakalı durum ve olaylar, rölatif bir biçimde, tüm bilgilerin bütüncül bir şekilde dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bunun için bugünün iş ve yönetim dünyasında olayları çok yönlü ve rölâtivist bir bakış açısı ile ele almak gerekmektedir. Bu dinamik iş görme biçimi liderlerin yönetsel etki ve ilgi alanlarında daha fazla değişkeni dikkate almalarını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Günümüzün yönetsel alanı hareket tarzlarının belirlenmesi, seçilen hareket tarzlarının birbiriyle karşılaştırılması, çevrenin ve rakiplerin olası davranışlarının etkisi, beklentilerin karşılanması bağlamında çok çeşitli dinamikler ve yöntemler içeren karmaşık faaliyetlerin gerçekleştiği bir ortamı tarif etmektedir. Bu bağlamda kuantum düşüncesi sunduğu entelektüel verilerle yöneticilerin muğlak gerçekliğe ulaşmalarına fayda sağlayan yöntemlere rehberlik edebilme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, esasen fizik bilim dalından türetilen kuantum teorisinin dolanıklık ve süperpozisyon ilkelerinin çıktılarının yönetim bilimi ile ilişkisi ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Affronter le problème de la présence des mythes et du religieux au sein de la série Soulsborne – désignation commune aux derniers jeux du développeur From Software – dans laquelle les motifs et renvois hypertextuels s’y référant abondent, présuppose de s’être livré à un examen psycho-cognitif du joueur modèle souhaité pour ces jeux. Une telle analyse nous permet de mettre en perspective l’importance fondamentale de la capacité herméneutique d’un tel joueur, confronté à l’absence de référent narratif. Nous soutenons en cela que les dimensions religieuses et mythologiques demeurent les leviers fictionnels centraux à disposition du joueur, et dont il convient de dessiner les contours afin d’appréhender et d’interpréter ces univers diégétiques. Facing the challenge of myths and religious within the Soulsborne serie – shared designation including the last video games of From Software – in which hypertextual motifs and references abound, imply to have conducted a psycho-cognitive examination of a wished ideal player in these games. Such a study allows us to highlight the fundamental importance of the hermeneutic ability of such a player confronted to the lack of narrative referent. We argue that the religious and mythical dimensions are central fictionnal levers and at the diposal of the player. It is then required to draw the outlines of such levers in order to understand and to interpret these diegetic worlds.