Search

Medical residency programs were first established in 1889 in Baltimore, Maryland, at John Hopkins University. At the time, Dr. William Healstead realized that seriously ill patients treated by recently certified clinicians had higher mortality rates. In response to this, and in the hopes of increasing the quality and success rates of patient care, Healstead created a new type of training program, in which emerging clinicians would receive their final training in the hospital environment itself. This model, replicated globally, is [...]

Background: Studies have shown the benefits of rapid reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction. However, there are still delays during transport of patients to primary angioplasty. Objective: To evaluate whether there is a difference in total ischemic time between patients transferred from other hospitals compared to self-referred patients in our institution. Methods: Historical cohort study including patients with acute myocardial infarction treated between April 2014 and September 2015. Patients were divided into transferred patients (group A) and self-referred patients (group B). Clinical characteristics of the patients were obtained from our electronic database and the transfer time was estimated based on the time the e-mail requesting patient's transference was received by the emergency department. Results: The sample included 621 patients, 215 in group A and 406 in group B. Population characteristics were similar in both groups. Time from symptom onset to arrival at the emergency department was significantly longer in group A (385 minutes vs. 307 minutes for group B, p < 0.001) with a transfer delay of 147 minutes. There was a significant relationship between the travel distance and increased transport time (R = 0.55, p < 0.001). However, no difference in mortality was found between the groups. Conclusion: In patients transferred from other cities for treatment of infarction, transfer time was longer than that recommended, especially in longer travel distances.

ResumoIntroduçãoHistoricamente, pacientes com cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) prévia submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária têm pior prognóstico que pacientes sem CRM prévia. No entanto, análises mais contemporâneas contestam esses achados. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os desfechos clínicos de 30 dias em pacientes com e sem CRM prévia submetidos à ICP primária.MétodosEstudo de coorte prospectivo extraído do banco de dados do Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, contendo 1.854 pacientes submetidos à ICP primária.ResultadosPacientes com CRM prévia (3,8%) mostraram perfil clínico, em geral, mais grave. O tempo de início dos sintomas até a chegada ao hospital foi menor nesse grupo (2,50 horas [1,46‐3,66] vs. 3,99 horas [1,99‐6,50]; p < 0,001) e o tempo porta‐balão foi semelhante (1,33 hora [0,85‐2,07] vs. 1,16 hora [0,88‐1,58]; p = 0,12). O acesso femoral foi mais usado no grupo com CRM prévia (91,5% vs. 62,5%; p < 0,001). O uso de tromboaspiração manual foi menor nesse grupo (16,9% vs. 31,1%; p = 0,007), mas não houve diferença no uso de inibidor da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa (28,2% vs. 32,4%; p = 0,28). O sucesso angiográfico foi menor no grupo com CRM prévia (80,3% vs. 93,3%; p = 0,009). Aos 30 dias, pacientes com CRM prévia apresentaram taxas similares de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (14,1% vs. 11,2%; p = 0,28), e a mortalidade, embora numericamente mais alta, não foi estatisticamente significativa (13,2% vs. 7,0%; p = 0,07).ConclusõesNessa análise contemporânea, pacientes com CRM prévia submetidos à ICP primária apresentaram perfil clínico mais grave e menor sucesso angiográfico, porém não mostraram diferenças nos desfechos clínicos em 30 dias.AbstractBackgroundHistorically, patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have a worse prognosis than patients without prior CABG. However, more contemporary analyses have contested these findings. This study's aim was to evaluate the 30‐day clinical outcomes in patients with and without prior CABG submitted to primary PCI.MethodsProspective cohort study, extracted from the database of Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, containing 1,854 patients undergoing primary PCI.ResultsPatients with prior CABG (3.8%) showed, in general, a more severe clinical profile. The time of symptom onset until arrival at the hospital was shorter in this group (2.50hours [1.46 to 3.66] vs. 3.99 hour [1.99 to 6.50]; p < 0.001), while the door‐to‐balloon time was similar (1.33 hour [0.85 to 2.07] vs. 1.16 hour [0.88 to 1.58]; p = 0.12). Femoral access was more often used in the group with prior CABG (91.5% vs. 62.5%; p < 0.001). Manual thrombus aspiration was less often performed in this group (16.9% vs. 31.1%; p = 0.007), but there was no difference regarding the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (28.2% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.28). Angiographic success was lower in the group with prior CABG (80.3% vs. 93.3%; p = 0.009). At 30 days, patients with prior CABG had similar rates of major adverse cardiac events (14.1% vs. 11.2%; p = 0.28), and mortality, although numerically higher, was not statistically significant (13.2% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.07).ConclusionsIn this contemporary analysis, patients with prior CABG undergoing primary PCI had a more severe clinical profile and lower angiographic success, but showed no differences regarding 30‐day clinical outcomes.

background: Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in complex lesions are increasingly common in daily practice. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of complex lesions on radiological exposure during PCI. Methods: Prospective cohort study including patients undergoing PCI between August 2010 and December 2011. Clinical, angiographic and radiation exposure characteristics were recorded in a dedicated database. Patterns of radiation exposure (total dose received, fluoroscopy time and dose-area product) were determined in patients undergoing PCI for non complex (A/B1) and complex (B2/C) lesions. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 18.0 program. Independent radiation exposure predictors were determined by multiple logistic regression. Results: We analyzed 413 PCIs, 83 lesions in group A/B1 and 330 in group B2/C. There were no clinically significant differences between groups. The median radiation dose received by patients was significantly higher in group B2/C (1,103.9 mGy vs 866.6 mGy; P < 0.01). The dose-area product (43,484 mGy.cm² vs 58,327 mGy.cm²; P < 0.001) and fluoroscopy time (9 ± 6 minutes vs 12.1 ± 9.5 minutes; P = 0.001) were also significantly higher in group B2/C. Predictors of increased radiation exposure were weight [odds ratio (OR) 1.02 for each increase of 1 kg, confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.036; P = 0.004], type B2/C lesion (OR 1.9, CI 1.002-4.96; P = 0.002). Conclusions: Patients undergoing PCI in complex lesions are significantly more exposed to radiation. Weight and lesion type (B2/C) are predictors of increased radiation exposure.

INTRODUÇÃO: O lítio é um metal usado sob a forma de sal para tratamento de episódios agudos de mania e no controle profilático de desordens afetivas bipolares. Pacientes com algum grau de insuficiência renal podem rapidamente sofrer intoxicação por esse fármaco. Nosso objetivo foi verificar a influência da litemia na locomoção em um modelo animal cirurgicamente induzido de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA). MÉTODOS: Foram submetidos 61 ratos Wistar a tratamento com lítio por uma semana previamente a nefrectomia unilateral. Trinta ratos foram induzidos a IRA. Foi administrado lítio ou solução fisiológica aos ratos e após observada sua locomoção e concentração de creatinina sérica. Utilizou-se análise estatítica. RESULTADOS: A creatina apresentou-se elevada nos ratos com IRA. A locomoção foi menor nos ratos com IRA que receberam lítio, havendo relação inversa entre a litemia e a atividade locomotora. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo animal cirúrgico de IRA foi efetivo. Ratos insuficientes renais que receberam lítio apresentaram alterações locomotoras comparados aos demais. O aumento da litemia causa diminuição proporcional na locomoção dos ratos. INTRODUCTION: Lithium is a metal used as a salt for the treatment of acute maniac episodes and for afetive bipolar disorders profilaxis. Patients with acute kidney failure (AKF) can become intoxicated fastly when taking this drug. Our purpose was verifying lithium influence in rat locomotion of na AKF surgical animal model. METHODS: It was used 61 wistar rats with one week lithium treatment previously to unilateral nefrectomy. Thirteen rats induced to AKF. It was administred lithium or fisiologic solution and after that we checked their locomotion and serium creatinine. We had done statistic analisys. RESULTS: Creatinine was increased in AKF rats. Lithium treated AKF rats showed less locomotion, demonstrating na inverse relation between lithium blood and locomotion. CONCLUSION: AKF animal model was effective. AKF rats treated with lithium showed locomotion alteration compared with the others. Lithium blood increase leads to proporcional decrease of rat's locomotion.

INTRODUÇÃO: Intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICPs) em lesões complexas são cada vez mais comuns na prática diária. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o impacto das lesões complexas na exposição radiológica durante ICP. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectiva incluindo pacientes submetidos a ICP entre agosto de 2010 e dezembro de 2011. Características clínicas, angiográficas e de exposição à radiação foram registradas em banco de dados específico. Os padrões de exposição à radiação (dose total recebida, tempo de fluoroscopia e produto dose-área) foram determinados em pacientes submetidos a ICP de lesões não-complexas (A/B1) e complexas (B2/C). Os dados foram analisados em programa SPSS 18.0. Preditores independentes de exposição à radiação foram determinados por regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 413 ICPs, sendo 83 lesões no grupo A/B1 e 330 no grupo B2/C. Não ocorreram diferenças clínicas significativas entre os grupos. A mediana de radiação recebida pelos pacientes foi significativamente maior no grupo B2/C (1.103,9 mGy vs. 866,6 mGy; P < 0,01). O produto dose-área (43.484 mGy.cm² vs. 58.327 mGy.cm²; P < 0,001) e o tempo de fluoroscopia (9 ± 6 minutos vs. 12,1 ± 9,5 minutos; P = 0,001) também foram significativamente maiores no grupo B2/C. Os preditores de exposição radiológica aumentada foram peso [razão de chance (RC) 1,02 para cada aumento de 1 kg, intervalo de confiança (IC) 1,01-1,036; P = 0,004] e lesão tipo B2/C (RC 1,9, IC 1,002-4,96; P = 0,002). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes submetidos a ICP em lesões complexas são significativamente mais expostos à radiação. Peso e tipo de lesão (B2/C) são preditores de exposição radiológica aumentada. BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in complex lesions are increasingly common in daily practice. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of complex lesions on radiological exposure during PCI. METHODS: Prospective cohort study including patients undergoing PCI between August 2010 and December 2011. Clinical, angiographic and radiation exposure characteristics were recorded in a dedicated database. Patterns of radiation exposure (total dose received, fluoroscopy time and dose-area product) were determined in patients undergoing PCI for non-complex (A/B1) and complex (B2/C) lesions. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 18.0 program. Independent radiation exposure predictors were determined by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: We analyzed 413 PCIs, 83 lesions in group A/B1 and 330 in group B2/C. There were no clinically significant differences between groups. The median radiation dose received by patients was significantly higher in group B2/C (1,103.9 mGy vs 866.6 mGy; P < 0.01). The dose-area product (43,484 mGy.cm² vs 58,327 mGy.cm²; P < 0.001) and fluoroscopy time (9 ± 6 minutes vs 12.1 ± 9.5 minutes; P = 0.001) were also significantly higher in group B2/C. Predictors of increased radiation exposure were weight [odds ratio (OR) 1.02 for each increase of 1 kg, confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.036; P = 0.004], type B2/C lesion (OR 1.9, CI 1.002-4.96; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing PCI in complex lesions are significantly more exposed to radiation. Weight and lesion type (B2/C) are predictors of increased radiation exposure.

Background Historically, patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have a worse prognosis than patients without prior CABG. However, more contemporary analyses have contested these findings. This study's aim was to evaluate the 30-day clinical outcomes in patients with and without prior CABG submitted to primary PCI. Methods Prospective cohort study, extracted from the database of Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, containing 1,854 patients undergoing primary PCI. Results Patients with prior CABG (3.8%) showed, in general, a more severe clinical profile. The time of symptom onset until arrival at the hospital was shorter in this group (2.50 hours [1.46 to 3.66] vs. 3.99 hours [1.99 to 6.50]; p 0.001), while the door-to-balloon time was similar (1.33 hour [0.85 to 2.07] vs. 1.16 hour [0.88 to 1.58]; p = 0.12). Femoral access was more often used in the group with prior CABG (91.5% vs. 62.5%; p 0.001). Manual thrombus aspiration was less often performed in this group (16.9% vs. 31.1%; p = 0.007), but there was no difference regarding the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (28.2% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.28). Angiographic success was lower in the group with prior CABG (80.3% vs. 93.3%; p = 0.009). At 30 days, patients with prior CABG had similar rates of major adverse cardiac events (14.1% vs. 11.2%; p = 0.28), and mortality, although numerically higher, was not statistically significant (13.2% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.07). Conclusions In this contemporary analysis, patients with prior CABG undergoing primary PCI had a more severe clinical profile and lower angiographic success, but showed no differences regarding 30-day clinical outcomes.