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Hodophilus pseudoglabripes, a new species with a strong earthy odor, was found in forests dominated by Castanopsis (Fagaceae) in northern Thailand. This species is introduced with microscopic and macroscopic descriptions and colour photographs. Phylogenetic affinities were determined based on a combination of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The new species was placed in Hodophilus, within an independent clade comprising the other two species from Asia, H. glabripes and H. indicus. This is the first report of the genus Hodophilus in Thailand. An updated key to all members of the genus Hodophilus is also provided.

Sathon Mason, 1981 is reported for the first time from China through providing a diagnosis, description, and images of Sathon falcatus (Nees, 1834). The mitochondrial genome of S. falcatus was sequenced, annotated and analysed.

Narrow-linewidth lasers have high spectral purity, long coherent length and low phase noise, so they have important applications in cold atom physics, quantum communication, quantum information processing and optical precision measurement. We inject transmitted laser from a narrow-linewidth (15 kHz) flat-concave Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity made of ultra-low expansion (ULE) optical glass into 852-nm distributed-Bragg-reflector type laser diode (DBR-LD), of which the comprehensive linewidth of 1.67 MHz for the free running case. With the increase of self-injection power, the laser linewidth is gradually narrowed, and the inject-locking current range is gradually increased. The narrowest linewidth measured by the delayed frequency-shifted self-heterodyne (DFSSH) method is 263 Hz. Moreover, to characterize the laser phase noise, we use a detuned F-P cavity to measure the conversion signal from laser phase noise to intensity noise for both the free running case and self-injection lock case. Laser phase noise for the self-injection lock case is significantly suppressed in the analysis frequency range of 0.1-10 MHz compared to the free running case. Especially, the phase noise is suppressed by more than 30dB at the analysis frequency of 100 kHz., 11 pages, 5 figures

Flat electronic bands near the Fermi level provide a fertile playground for realizing interaction-driven correlated physics. To date, related experiments have mostly been limited to engineered multilayer systems (e.g., moir\'e systems). Herein, we report an experimental realization of nearly flat bands across the Fermi level in monolayer MoTe2-x by fabricating a uniformly ordered mirror-twin boundary superlattice (corresponding to a stoichiometry of MoTe56/33). The kagome flat bands are discovered by combining scanning tunnelling microscopy and theoretical calculations. The partial filling nature of flat bands yields a correlated insulating state exhibiting a hard gap as large as 15 meV. Moreover, we observe pronounced responses of the correlated states to magnetic fields, providing evidence for a spin-polarized ground state. Our work introduces a monolayer platform that manifests strong correlation effects arising from flattened electronic bands., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures

Preparation of boride by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is sensitive to oxygen, subtle changes in oxygen concentration during the deposition of ZrB2 can induce the formation of Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) with a novel nanoplate-stacked structure and nanowire structure. The ZrO2 nanostructure changed with - oxygen concentration. Nanowires with uniform size of 50-100 nm in diameter and over 100 μm in length were obtained at high oxygen concentration, while highly-ordered nanoplate arrays were obtained at low oxygen concentration. Both of these nanostructures were grown in situ on the surface of ZrB2-coating. In this paper, the preparation method of novelty ZrO2 nano-structures grown in situ was provided, the morphologies and compositions of the nano-structural ZrO2 were characterized and the formation mechanism was proposed, which also provides experimental basis for the industrial morphology control of ZrB2 deposited by CVD method.

Phallus aureus is described as a new species from China and is characterized by an obovate, rugose, squamulose on the immature basidiomata surface, pseudostipe yellowish, grey volva, and pale yellow at the base becoming light yellow upwards. The new species is phylogenetically located in an independent lineage. A full description, colour photographs, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the position of new species are provided.

Background. Pyroptosis is a type of cell death that plays an important role in predicting prognosis and immunoregulation in cancers. However, the pyroptosis-related gene signature for prognosis and immune infiltration prediction has not been studied in breast cancer (BC). Methods. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to obtain the expression and clinical data of genes. 52 pyroptosis-related genes were obtained from TCGA-BC and estimated differentially expressed genes by the limma program. To categorize the molecular subtypes of pyroptosis-related genes, the ConsensusClusterPlus tool was utilized. Cox and Lasso regression analyses were used to create a signature. TCGA-BC dataset as the training set and the GSE37751 test set for risk research. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to conduct KEGG and GO studies of subtype groups. We also used the ssGSEA approach in the GSVA package to calculate the risk score of immune cells. Finally, pyroptosis-related genes in BC were validated using qPCR and immunohistochemical assays. Clone formation and EDU assays were used to explore the ability of signature genes to regulate the proliferation of BC cells. Results. Based on pyroptosis-related genes, the C1 and C2 subtypes were obtained. Survival analysis results showed that the C2 group had a better prognosis. Then, a three-gene signature (APOBEC3D, TNFRSF14, and RAC2) were created by Lasso regression analysis, which had a good prediction effect in the TCGA-BC and GSE37751 datasets. Our nomogram has a fair degree of accuracy in predicting the survival rates of BC patients. The pyroptosis-related signature has a good predictive effect in evaluating the tumour microenvironment score, 28 types of immune cells and response to immune checkpoint therapy. Finally, qPCR and immunohistochemistry staining results indicated that APOBEC3D, TNFRSF14, and RAC2 expression in BC tissues was low. The results of clone formation and EdU assays showed that high expression of signature genes inhibited the proliferation ability of BC cells. Conclusions. Based on pyroptosis-related genes (APOBEC3D, TNFRSF14, and RAC2), we built a novel prognostic molecular model for BC that might be used to assess prognostic risk and immune infiltration in BC patients. These signature genes are also tumor suppressor genes and may serve as potential targets for BC.

Objective: To verify the reliability of cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) technology to diagnose chronic insomnia disorder (CID), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and comorbid OSA with insomnia (COI). Methods: Data from 161 patients suffering from the three conditions were collected, and objective sleep status was assessed simultaneously by CPC and polysomnography (PSG). These patients were diagnosed according to the clinical symptoms and PSG results. The general data of the three groups were compared, and the agreement of AHI and sleep parameters between CPC and PSG was analysed by Bland-Altman agreement plots. Results: We found that, when AHI (events/h) ≥ 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 were used as the conditions for the diagnosis of OSA, the sensitivity was 82.7%, 63.5%, 67.3%, 84.6%, 71.9% and 61.5%; the specificity was 61.6%, 63.3%, 73.4%, 84.4%, 82.9% and 84.4%; and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.792, 0.735, 0.787, 0.889, 0.884 and 0.861, respectively. Bland-Altman agreement plots for the sleep parameters were measured by PSG and CPC. Although 95% of the points of some graphs were within the consistency range, they were beyond the professionally acceptable threshold range. Conclusion: As a tool for rapid screening of OSA patients, the overall performance of CPC is acceptable in subjects with clinical suspicion of OSA, but the clinical interpretation of sleep parameter results obtained with CPC must be cautious, especially in insomnia state.

Road marking is very important for driving safety and reducing the accident rate as a basic component of highway construction. However, traditional road marking paints are prone to be worn after short-term application and have poor durability and reflective performance. To address these problems, the marking paint was modified using the organic polymer material polytetrafluoroethylene to create a durable hydrophobic hot-melt marking paint. The factors affecting the reflective performance of marking lines are analyzed, and artificial accelerated abrasion tests were carried out to analyze the skid resistance and marking retroreflection coefficient of hydrophobic coatings. Results show that the texture of the glass beads and the quality of the coating plays a major role in the reflective performance of the marking line. The friction coefficient value of the modified marking paint is 4.62% higher than that of the traditional hot-melt marking paint. The retroreflection performance of the marking paint with 4% hydrophobic material is 8.45% higher than the initial value of the retroreflection coefficient of the traditional hot-melt marking paints. This sustainable hydrophobic hot-melt marking paint is safer and more durable than traditional pavement marking paints, which may save follow-up maintenance resources and cost from the sustainable aspect.

Speech-driven 3D face animation technique, extending its applications to various multimedia fields. Previous research has generated promising realistic lip movements and facial expressions from audio signals. However, traditional regression models solely driven by data face several essential problems, such as difficulties in accessing precise labels and domain gaps between different modalities, leading to unsatisfactory results lacking precision and coherence. To enhance the visual accuracy of generated lip movement while reducing the dependence on labeled data, we propose a novel framework SelfTalk, by involving self-supervision in a cross-modals network system to learn 3D talking faces. The framework constructs a network system consisting of three modules: facial animator, speech recognizer, and lip-reading interpreter. The core of SelfTalk is a commutative training diagram that facilitates compatible features exchange among audio, text, and lip shape, enabling our models to learn the intricate connection between these factors. The proposed framework leverages the knowledge learned from the lip-reading interpreter to generate more plausible lip shapes. Extensive experiments and user studies demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance both qualitatively and quantitatively. We recommend watching the supplementary video.

Existing Visual Object Tracking (VOT) only takes the target area in the first frame as a template. This causes tracking to inevitably fail in fast-changing and crowded scenes, as it cannot account for changes in object appearance between frames. To this end, we revamped the tracking framework with Progressive Context Encoding Transformer Tracker (ProContEXT), which coherently exploits spatial and temporal contexts to predict object motion trajectories. Specifically, ProContEXT leverages a context-aware self-attention module to encode the spatial and temporal context, refining and updating the multi-scale static and dynamic templates to progressively perform accurately tracking. It explores the complementary between spatial and temporal context, raising a new pathway to multi-context modeling for transformer-based trackers. In addition, ProContEXT revised the token pruning technique to reduce computational complexity. Extensive experiments on popular benchmark datasets such as GOT-10k and TrackingNet demonstrate that the proposed ProContEXT achieves state-of-the-art performance., Accepted at ICASSP 2023, source code is at https://github.com/zhiqic/ProContEXT

We reported the quasiparticle relaxation dynamics of an optimally doped triclinic iron-based superconductor (Ca$_{0.85}$La$_{0.15}$)$_{10}$(Pt$_3$As$_8$)(Fe$_2$As$_2$)$_5$ with bulk $T_c$ = 30 K using polarized ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy. Our results reveal anisotropic transient reflectivity induced by nematic fluctuations develops below $T_{nem}$ $\approx$ 120 K and persists in the superconducting states. Measurements under high pump fluence reveal three distinct, coherent phonon modes at frequencies of 1.6, 3.5, and 4.7 THz, corresponding to $A_{1g}(1)$, $E_g$, and $A_{1g}(2)$ modes, respectively. The high-frequency $A_{1g}(2)$ mode corresponds to the $c$-axis polarized vibrations of FeAs planes with a nominal electron-phonon coupling constant $\lambda _{A_{1g}(2)}$ $\approx$ 0.139 $\pm$ 0.02. Our findings suggest that the superconductivity and nematic state are compatible but competitive at low temperatures, and the $A_{1g}$ phonons play an important role in the formation of Cooper pairs in (Ca$_{0.85}$La$_{0.15}$)$_{10}$(Pt$_3$As$_8$)(Fe$_2$As$_2$)$_5$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures and Supplemental Materials

In the realm of facial analysis, accurate landmark detection is crucial for various applications, ranging from face recognition and expression analysis to animation. Conventional heatmap or coordinate regression-based techniques, however, often face challenges in terms of computational burden and quantization errors. To address these issues, we present the KeyPoint Positioning System (KeyPosS), a groundbreaking facial landmark detection framework that stands out from existing methods. For the first time, KeyPosS employs the True-range Multilateration algorithm, a technique originally used in GPS systems, to achieve rapid and precise facial landmark detection without relying on computationally intensive regression approaches. The framework utilizes a fully convolutional network to predict a distance map, which computes the distance between a Point of Interest (POI) and multiple anchor points. These anchor points are ingeniously harnessed to triangulate the POI's position through the True-range Multilateration algorithm. Notably, the plug-and-play nature of KeyPosS enables seamless integration into any decoding stage, ensuring a versatile and adaptable solution. We conducted a thorough evaluation of KeyPosS's performance by benchmarking it against state-of-the-art models on four different datasets. The results show that KeyPosS substantially outperforms leading methods in low-resolution settings while requiring a minimal time overhead. The code is available at https://github.com/zhiqic/KeyPosS.

Hodophilus pseudoglabripes S. M Tang & S.H. Li, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3) MycoBank: MB838312 Etymology:—‘pseudoglabripes’ refers to its similarity to H. glabripes. Holotype:— THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Mae Taeng District, Pa Pae Sub-district, 19°14.66’N, 98°38.61’E, 850 m a.s.l., 14 August 2020, collected by Song-Ming Tang (MFLU21-0005, holotype!; HKAS110665 isotype!). Diagnosis:— Hodophilus pseudoglabripes is similar to H. glabripes Ming Zhang, C.Q. Wang & T.H. Li, but can be distinguished by its pileus slightly striated near-margin and flocculose with age, white to the greyish yellow stipe, as well as its smaller basidiomata. Description: Basidiomata small to medium-sized. Pileus 11–25 mm diam., hemispherical at first, then convex to plano-convex, often with a slight depression at the center, surface smooth when young, becoming slightly striate near margin and flocculose with age, when wet translucently striated halfway to the disc, hygrophanous, white (1A1) to yellowish white (1A2) when young, later greyish yellow (1B4) to light orange (5A5), when dry uniformly pale at center. Pileus context up to 1.5 mm thick, white (1A1). Lamellae number 16–20, white (1A1) when young, light orange (5A5) to greyish orange (5B5) when old, 3–4 mm wide, lamellullae frequent, in (1–) 2 tiers. Stipe 34–64 × 2–3 mm, surface smooth, white (1A1), central, usually flexuous, hollow, and narrowing downwards, becoming greyish yellow (2B3) near the base, hollow when mature. Odor strong earthy. Basidiospores (103/5/2) (4.0–) 4.3–6.2 (–6.3) × (3.4–) 3.5–5.5 (–5.6) μm, av. 5.2–4.6 μm, Q (length/width) = 1.00–1.44 (–1.57), av. Q=1.14, globose to subglobose, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 4–spored, (25.0–) 33.0–48.0 × (5.2–) 5.8–7.4 μm, av. 40.1 × 6.5 μm, clavate, hyaline. Basidioles cylindrical to narrowly clavate, obtuse, (28.6–) 30.2–44.3 (–45.2) × (3.8–) 4.2–6.3 (–6.7) μm. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a hymeniderm to epithelium, hyphal terminations vertically arranged, composed of cells arranged in one or two ranks, terminal cells near the pileus margin obovoid, obpyriform, subglobose, clavate, thin-walled, (18–) 21–51 (–67) × (–15) 16–26 (–34) μm, av. 35 × 20 μm; subterminal cells usually distinctly narrower, cylindrical, some inflated, broadly clavate, ventricose or branched, (18–) 20–46 (–50) × (6–) 8–19 (–23) μm, av. 29–13 μm. Terminal cells near the pileus center similar in shape and size to those near the pileus margin, but usually narrower, (15–) 17–34 (–40) × (–5) 7–14 (–20) μm, av. 23–11 μm, subterminal cells similar to those near the pileus margin, (6–) 7–23 (–34) × (1–) 2–5 (–10) μm, av. 16–6 μm. Caulocystidia without pigments, thin walled, usually densely clustered, flexuous or spirally coiled, clavate and regular, (37–) 33–48 (–50) × (4.7–) 5.8–7.4 (–8.9) μm. Clamp connections absent in all parts. Ecology and Distribution: Solitary, on soil, in a forest dominated by Castanopsis. Known only from the type locality in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. Additional specimen examined: Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Wat Pah Pa Deng, Mae Taeng District, 14 Aug 2020, Feng-Ming Yu (MFLU21-0006); same location, 5 September 2020, Hong-Wei Shen (HKAS110665); Chiang Mai Province, Mae Sae Village, Pa Pae Sub-district, Mae Taeng District, 6 September 2020, Hong-Wei Shen (HKAS110666)., Published as part of Tang, Songming, Lv, Tong, He, Jun, Yu, Fengming, Luo, Hongmei & Li, Shuhong, 2023, Hodophilus pseudoglabripes (Clavariaceae, Agaricales), a new species from Thailand, pp. 219-230 in Phytotaxa 597 (3) on pages 224-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7958565

Key to known Hodophilus species 1 Pileus white to yellow, vivid yellow, yellow brown, orange grey......................................................................................................2 1 Pileus greyish brown, light brown, coffee brown, hair brown, dark brown, greyish brown to brownish orange............................10 2 Stipe vivid yellow to brown...............................................................................................................................................................3 2 Stipe white to yellowish, greyish orange............................................................................................................................................5 3 Stipe brown, without any yellow colour............................................................................................................... H. hymenocephalus 3 Stipe have more or less yellow colour................................................................................................................................................4 4 Stipe colour soon changes and becomes partly to almost completely brown with age..................................................... H. praecox 4 Stipe vivid yellow and remains so even in mature basidiomata....................................................................................... H. micaceus 5 Lamellae number>20..........................................................................................................................................................................6 5 Lamellae number≤20..........................................................................................................................................................................9 6 Caulocystidia often irregularly inflated, nodulose, lobate and twisted..................................................................... H. albofloccipes 6 Caulocystidia clavate, occasionally subcapitate or obpyriform, obtuse.............................................................................................7 7 Basidiomata with a slight yam bean odor...........................................................................................................................................8 7 Basidiomata with an unpleasant, mercaptan-like odor........................................................................................... H. tenuicystidiatus 8 Pileus 15–50 mm diam.; pileipellis cells obpyrifrom, subglobous, ellipsoid, sphaero-pedunculate or broadly clavate.. H. glabripes 8 Pileus 11–25 mm diam.; pileipellis cells obpyrifrom, subglobose....................................................................... H. pseudoglabripes 9 Naphthalene odour; lamella number≤18; caulocystidia clavate or obpyriform...............................................................................11 9 Indistinct odour; lamella number=16–22; caulocystidia irregularly nodulose-lobate, mostly obtuse...................... H. phaeoxanthus 10 Pileus 6–18 mm; stipe 25–40 × 1.0–2.0 mm; basidiospores broadly ellipsoid, Q m =1.17–1.36......................................... H. pallidus 10 Pileus 2–10 mm; stipe 9–30 × 0.8–1.5 mm; basidiospores narrowly ellipsoid, Q m =1.22-1.40............................................ H. smithii 11 Basidiomata with distinct naphthalene odours.................................................................................................................................12 11 Basidiomata with weak naphthalene odours....................................................................................................................................14 12 Pileus 4–11 mm diam.; pileus colour dark blond to eye brown and stipe colour bronze to brownish orange..................... H. hesleri 12 Some pileus more than 11 mm diam.; pileus colour and stipe colour grey brown..........................................................................13 13 Lamellae number 18–26; basidiospores 5.1–5.9 × 4.2–4.7 μm, Q m =1.20–1.36.................................................................. H. foetens 13 Lamellae number 15–20; basidiospores 5.0–5.7 × 3.9–4.5 μm, Q m =1.20–1.36............................................................ H. subfoetens 14 Stipe without dots............................................................................................................................................................ H. rugulosus 14 Stipe have dots..................................................................................................................................................................................15 15 Stipe with distinct dark dots.............................................................................................................................................................16 15 Stipe never with dark dots................................................................................................................................................................17 16 Pileus 7–14 mm diam.; basidiospores 4.6–5.4 × 3.5–4.2 μm, Q m =1.21-1.39; caulocystidia 18.0–33.5 × 5.5–11.5 μm............................................................................................................................................................................................................ H. atropunctus 16 Pileus 5–22 mm diam.; basidiospores 4.8–5.4 × 3.9–4.5 μm, Q m = 1.15–1.28; caulocystidia 20.5–38.5 × 6.5–13.5 μm.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... H. variabilipes 17 Strong odour; lamellae colour pallid to pale orange........................................................................................................................18 17 Weak or indistinct odour; lamellae colour orange grey, brown, or grey brown...............................................................................20 18 Lamellae pale orange; basidiospores 4.0–5.0 × 3.0–5.0 μm, Q m =1.0–1.66........................................................................ H. indicus 18 Lamellae pale drab to darker with age.............................................................................................................................................19 19 Caulocystidia on average wider than 8 μm..................................................................................................................... H. peckianus 19 Caulocystidia on average narrower than 7 μm............................................................................................................. H. paupertinus 20 Stipe colour changing with age........................................................................................................................................................21 20 Stipe colour unchanging with age....................................................................................................................................................23 21 Stipe grey brown to dark brown with age................................................................................................................... H. cambriensis 21 Stipe yellow or light yellow to greyish yellow or dark grey............................................................................................................22 22 Basidiospores 4.1–4.7 × 3.3–3.8 μm............................................................................................................................. H. stramineus 22 Basidiospores 4.8–5.5 × 3.8–4.4 μm................................................................................................................................. H. anatinus 23 Stipe yellow; basidiospores 4.9–5.6 × 3.9–4.3 μm................................................................................................... H. subfuscescens 23 Stipe dark brown to greyish brown; basidiospores shorter or longer...............................................................................................24 24 Stipe 25–35 mm; 22–24 lamellae; basidiospores 4.4–4.9 μm long.............................................................................. H. carpathicus 24 Stipe 18–25 mm; 11–19 lamellae; basidiospores 6.3–6.5 μm long............................................................................. H. decurrentior, Published as part of Tang, Songming, Lv, Tong, He, Jun, Yu, Fengming, Luo, Hongmei & Li, Shuhong, 2023, Hodophilus pseudoglabripes (Clavariaceae, Agaricales), a new species from Thailand, pp. 219-230 in Phytotaxa 597 (3) on pages 227-228, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7958565

Inspired by the neuro-synaptic frameworks in the human brain, neuromorphic computing is expected to overcome the bottleneck of traditional von-Neumann architecture and be used in artificial intelligence. Here, we predict a class of potential candidate materials, MCu$_3$X$_4$ (M = V, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se, Te), for neuromorphic computing applications through first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. We find that when MCu$_3$X$_4$ are inserted with Li atom, the systems would transform from semiconductors to metals due to the considerable electron filling [~0.8 electrons per formula unit (f.u.)] and still maintain well structural stability. Meanwhile, the inserted Li atom also has a low diffusion barrier (~0.6 eV/f.u.), which ensures the feasibility to control the insertion/extraction of Li by gate voltage. These results establish that the system can achieve the reversible switching between two stable memory states, i.e., high/low resistance state, indicating that it could potentially be used to design synaptic transistor to enable neuromorphic computing. Our work provides inspiration for advancing the search of candidate materials related to neuromorphic computing from the perspective of theoretical calculations., 28+8 pages, 18 figures

Point cloud-based large scale place recognition is fundamental for many applications like Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Although many models have been proposed and have achieved good performance by learning short-range local features, long-range contextual properties have often been neglected. Moreover, the model size has also become a bottleneck for their wide applications. To overcome these challenges, we propose a super light-weight network model termed SVT-Net for large scale place recognition. Specifically, on top of the highly efficient 3D Sparse Convolution (SP-Conv), an Atom-based Sparse Voxel Transformer (ASVT) and a Cluster-based Sparse Voxel Transformer (CSVT) are proposed to learn both short-range local features and long-range contextual features in this model. Consisting of ASVT and CSVT, SVT-Net can achieve state-of-the-art on benchmark datasets in terms of both accuracy and speed with a super-light model size (0.9M). Meanwhile, two simplified versions of SVT-Net are introduced, which also achieve state-of-the-art and further reduce the model size to 0.8M and 0.4M respectively., Comment: accepted to AAAI 2022

Real-time perception, or streaming perception, is a crucial aspect of autonomous driving that has yet to be thoroughly explored in existing research. To address this gap, we present DAMO-StreamNet, an optimized framework that combines recent advances from the YOLO series with a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal perception mechanisms, delivering a cutting-edge solution. The key innovations of DAMO-StreamNet are (1) A robust neck structure incorporating deformable convolution, enhancing the receptive field and feature alignment capabilities (2) A dual-branch structure that integrates short-path semantic features and long-path temporal features, improving motion state prediction accuracy. (3) Logits-level distillation for efficient optimization, aligning the logits of teacher and student networks in semantic space. (4) A real-time forecasting mechanism that updates support frame features with the current frame, ensuring seamless streaming perception during inference. Our experiments demonstrate that DAMO-StreamNet surpasses existing state-of-the-art methods, achieving 37.8% (normal size (600, 960)) and 43.3% (large size (1200, 1920)) sAP without using extra data. This work not only sets a new benchmark for real-time perception but also provides valuable insights for future research. Additionally, DAMO-StreamNet can be applied to various autonomous systems, such as drones and robots, paving the way for real-time perception. The code is at https://github.com/zhiqic/DAMO-StreamNet., Accepted to IJCAI 2023; 9 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables; the code is at https://github.com/zhiqic/DAMO-StreamNet

Backdoor attack aims at inducing neural models to make incorrect predictions for poison data while keeping predictions on the clean dataset unchanged, which creates a considerable threat to current natural language processing (NLP) systems. Existing backdoor attacking systems face two severe issues:firstly, most backdoor triggers follow a uniform and usually input-independent pattern, e.g., insertion of specific trigger words, synonym replacement. This significantly hinders the stealthiness of the attacking model, leading the trained backdoor model being easily identified as malicious by model probes. Secondly, trigger-inserted poisoned sentences are usually disfluent, ungrammatical, or even change the semantic meaning from the original sentence, making them being easily filtered in the pre-processing stage. To resolve these two issues, in this paper, we propose an input-unique backdoor attack(NURA), where we generate backdoor triggers unique to inputs. IDBA generates context-related triggers by continuing writing the input with a language model like GPT2. The generated sentence is used as the backdoor trigger. This strategy not only creates input-unique backdoor triggers, but also preserves the semantics of the original input, simultaneously resolving the two issues above. Experimental results show that the IDBA attack is effective for attack and difficult to defend: it achieves high attack success rate across all the widely applied benchmarks, while is immune to existing defending methods. In addition, it is able to generate fluent, grammatical, and diverse backdoor inputs, which can hardly be recognized through human inspection.

Speech-driven 3D face animation aims to generate realistic facial expressions that match the speech content and emotion. However, existing methods often neglect emotional facial expressions or fail to disentangle them from speech content. To address this issue, this paper proposes an end-to-end neural network to disentangle different emotions in speech so as to generate rich 3D facial expressions. Specifically, we introduce the emotion disentangling encoder (EDE) to disentangle the emotion and content in the speech by cross-reconstructed speech signals with different emotion labels. Then an emotion-guided feature fusion decoder is employed to generate a 3D talking face with enhanced emotion. The decoder is driven by the disentangled identity, emotional, and content embeddings so as to generate controllable personal and emotional styles. Finally, considering the scarcity of the 3D emotional talking face data, we resort to the supervision of facial blendshapes, which enables the reconstruction of plausible 3D faces from 2D emotional data, and contribute a large-scale 3D emotional talking face dataset (3D-ETF) to train the network. Our experiments and user studies demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods and exhibits more diverse facial movements. We recommend watching the supplementary video: https://ziqiaopeng.github.io/emotalk

Computer graphics images (CGIs) are artificially generated by means of computer programs and are widely perceived under various scenarios, such as games, streaming media, etc. In practice, the quality of CGIs consistently suffers from poor rendering during production, inevitable compression artifacts during the transmission of multimedia applications, and low aesthetic quality resulting from poor composition and design. However, few works have been dedicated to dealing with the challenge of computer graphics image quality assessment (CGIQA). Most image quality assessment (IQA) metrics are developed for natural scene images (NSIs) and validated on databases consisting of NSIs with synthetic distortions, which are not suitable for in-the-wild CGIs. To bridge the gap between evaluating the quality of NSIs and CGIs, we construct a large-scale in-the-wild CGIQA database consisting of 6,000 CGIs (CGIQA-6k) and carry out the subjective experiment in a well-controlled laboratory environment to obtain the accurate perceptual ratings of the CGIs. Then, we propose an effective deep learning-based no-reference (NR) IQA model by utilizing both distortion and aesthetic quality representation. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms all other state-of-the-art NR IQA methods on the constructed CGIQA-6k database and other CGIQA-related databases. The database will be released to facilitate further research.

GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst ever detected since the discovery of this kind of energetic explosions. However, an accurate measurement of the prompt emission properties of this burst is very challenging due to its exceptional brightness. With joint observations of \textit{Insight}-HXMT and GECAM-C, we made an unprecedentedly accurate measurement of the emission during the first $\sim$1800 s of GRB 221009A, including its precursor, main emission (ME, which dominates the burst in flux), flaring emission and early afterglow, in the hard X-ray to soft gamma-ray band from $\sim$ 10 keV to $\sim$ 6 MeV. Based on the GECAM-C unsaturated data of the ME, we measure a record-breaking isotropic equivalent energy ($E_{\rm iso}$) of $\bf \sim 1.5 \times 10^{55}$ erg, which is about eight times the total rest-mass energy of the Sun. The early afterglow data require a significant jet break between 650 s and 1100 s, most likely at $\sim950$ s from the afterglow starting time $T_{AG}$, which corresponds to a jet opening angle of $\sim {0.7^\circ} \ (\eta_\gamma n)^{1/8}$, where $n$ is the ambient medium density in units of $\rm cm^{-3}$ and $\eta_\gamma$ is the ratio between $\gamma$-ray energy and afterglow kinetic energy. The beaming-corrected total $\gamma$-ray energy $E_{\gamma}$ is $\sim 1.15 \times10^{51} \ (\eta_\gamma n)^{1/4}$ erg, which is typical for long GRBs. These results suggest that this GRB may have a special central engine, which could launch and collimate a very narrowly beamed jet with an ordinary energy budget, leading to exceptionally luminous gamma-ray radiation per unit solid angle. Alternatively, more GRBs might have such a narrow and bright beam, which are missed by an unfavorable viewing angle or have been detected without distance measurement., Comment: Submitted to National Science Review. This paper is under press embargo, contact the corresponding author for details

Recently, the LHCb Collaboration has reported two strange hidden-charm pentaquark states named PψsΛ(4459) and PψsΛ(4338) in the J/ψΛ invariant mass spectra of decays Ξb−→J/ψΛK− and B−→J/ψΛp¯, respectively. In this work, we perform a coupled-channel study of the interactions Ξc*D¯*, Ξc′D¯*, Ξc*D¯, ΞcD¯*, Ξc′D¯, ΛcD¯s*, ΞcD¯, ΛcD¯s, and ΛJ/ψ in the quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation approach to estimate the J/ψΛ invariant mass spectra. With the help of effective Lagrangians, the potential kernel can be constructed by meson exchanges to obtain the scattering amplitudes, from which the poles of the bound states and the invariant mass spectra can be reached. The coupled-channel calculation results in that the width of state ΞcD¯*(1/2−) is about 18 MeV and that of state ΞcD¯*(3/2−) is only about 1.6 MeV. By comparison with experimental data, it indicates that the structure PψsΛ(4459) is mainly from the contribution from the ΞcD¯*(1/2−) state while the role of state ΞcD¯*(3/2−) cannot be excluded. The line shape of the structure PψsΛ(4338) can be reproduced roughly by a narrow molecular state from the ΞcD¯ interaction with JP=1/2−, which is extremely close to the threshold, with a large interference effect. Besides, an additional state Ξc′D¯(1/2−) is suggested to be observed as a dip structure in the J/ψΛ invariant mass spectrum.

ObjectivePromoting adolescent health is essential to achieving the goals of the Healthy China 2030 (HC 2030) initiative. As socioeconomic conditions improve and medical practices and disease patterns evolve, adolescent mortality rates and causes of death vary considerably. This study provides up-to-date data on adolescent mortality and causes of death in China, highlighting key areas of focus for investment in adolescent health.MethodsData regarding mortality and causes of death in Chinese adolescents aged 10–19 years were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019. The data variables were examined according to year, sex, and age. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was used to predict non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality rates and rank changes in the leading causes of death until 2030.ResultsThe all-cause mortality rate (per 100,000 population) of Chinese adolescents aged 10–19 years steadily declined from 1990 (72.6/100,000) to 2019 (28.8). Male adolescents had a higher mortality (37.5/100,000 vs. 18.6 in 2019) and a slower decline rate (percent: −58.7 vs. −65.0) than female adolescents. Regarding age, compared with those aged 10–14 years, the mortality rate of adolescents aged 15–19 years had a higher mortality (35.9/100,000 vs. 21.2 in 2019) and a slower decrease rate (percent: −57.6 vs. −63.2). From 1990 to 2019, the rates of communicable, maternal, and nutritional diseases declined the most (percent: −80.0), while injury and NCDs mortality rates were relatively slow (percent: −50.0 and −60.0). In 2019, the five leading causes of death were road injuries (6.1/100,000), drowning (4.5), self-harm (1.9), leukemia (1.9), and congenital birth defects (1.3). Furthermore, NCDs' mortality rate decreased by −46.6% and −45.4% between 2015–2030 and 2016–2030, respectively.ConclusionA notable decline was observed in all-cause mortality rates among Chinese adolescents aged 10–19 years. In addition, the mortality rates of NCDs are projected to meet the target from the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health (2016–2030) and HC2030 reduction indicators by 2030. However, it should be noted that injury is the leading cause of death, with sexual and age disparities remaining consistent.

Human pose estimation is a challenging task due to its structured data sequence nature. Existing methods primarily focus on pair-wise interaction of body joints, which is insufficient for scenarios involving overlapping joints and rapidly changing poses. To overcome these issues, we introduce a novel approach, the High-order Directed Transformer (HDFormer), which leverages high-order bone and joint relationships for improved pose estimation. Specifically, HDFormer incorporates both self-attention and high-order attention to formulate a multi-order attention module. This module facilitates first-order "joint$\leftrightarrow$joint", second-order "bone$\leftrightarrow$joint", and high-order "hyperbone$\leftrightarrow$joint" interactions, effectively addressing issues in complex and occlusion-heavy situations. In addition, modern CNN techniques are integrated into the transformer-based architecture, balancing the trade-off between performance and efficiency. HDFormer significantly outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) models on Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP datasets, requiring only 1/10 of the parameters and significantly lower computational costs. Moreover, HDFormer demonstrates broad real-world applicability, enabling real-time, accurate 3D pose estimation. The source code is in https://github.com/hyer/HDFormer, Accepted to IJCAI 2023; 9 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables; the code is at https://github.com/hyer/HDFormer

A simple and efficient vortex-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion with a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (VA-MSPD-UHPLC-MS/MS) was applied for simultaneous extraction and determination of seven alkaloids and three organic acids from Uncariae Ramulas Cum Unicis. The optimal extraction conditions of the target components were obtained by Box-Behnken design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM). The results of the method validation showed that this analytical method displayed good linearity with a correlation coefficient (r) no lower than 0.9990. The recoveries of ten active ingredients from Uncariae Ramulas Cum Unicis ranged from 95.9% to 103% (RSD ≤ 2.77%). The RSDs of intra-day and inter-day precisions were all below 2.97%. The present method exhibited not only lower solvent and sample usage, but also shorter sample processing and analysis time. Consequently, the developed VA-MSPD-UHPLC-MS/MS method could be successfully and effectively used for the extraction and analysis of ten active components from Uncariae Ramulas Cum Unicis.

Long ground-Rydberg coherence lifetime is interesting for implementing high-fidelity quantum logic gates, many-body physics, and other quantum information protocols. However, the potential well formed by a conventional far-off-resonance red-detuned optical-dipole trap that is attractive for ground-state cold atoms is usually repulsive for Rydberg atoms, which will result in the rapid loss of atoms and low repetition rate of the experimental sequence. Moreover, the coherence time will be sharply shortened due to the residual thermal motion of cold atoms. These issues can be addressed by a one-dimensional magic lattice trap, which can form a deeper potential trap than the traveling wave optical dipole trap when the output power is limited. In addition, these common techniques for atomic confinement generally have certain requirements for the polarization and intensity stability of the laser. Here, we demonstrated a method to suppress both the polarization drift and power fluctuation only based on the phase management of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer for a one-dimensional magic lattice trap. With the combination of three wave plates and the interferometer, we used the instrument to collect data in the time domain, analyzed the fluctuation of laser intensity, and calculated the noise power spectral density. We found that the total intensity fluctuation comprising laser power fluctuation and polarization drift was significantly suppressed, and the noise power spectral density after closed-loop locking with a typical bandwidth of 1-3000 Hz was significantly lower than that under the free running of the laser system. Typically, at 1000 Hz, the noise power spectral density after locking was about 10 dB lower than that under the free running of a master oscillator power amplifier system.The intensity-polarization control technique provides potential applications.

Terminalia chebula Retz. (TC) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine and rich in chemical components with multiple pharmacological effects. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and used to determine the blood concentrations of nine active compounds (chebulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, corilagin, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose, ellagic acid and ethyl gallate) after oral administration of TC extracts in rats. Pretreatment of plasma samples with protein precipitate with methanol was carried out, and caffeic acid was used as the internal standard (IS). Compounds precisions of intra- and inter-day were less than 14.6%, and the accuracy ranged from −11.7% to 13.5%. The extraction recoveries of compounds were between 84.9% and 108.4%, while matrix effects occurred between 86.4% and 115.9%. Stability tests showed that all nine analytes had been stable under four storage conditions, and statistically significant the relative standard deviations were under 13.7%. The validated UPLC-MS/MS method was applied with great success to plasma pharmacokinetics analysis of the TC extracts, and the pharmacokinetic results showed that among the nine components, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-tn), 231112.38 ± 64555.20 h ng/mL) and maximum concentration (Cmax, 4,983.57 ± 1721.53 ng/mL) of chebulagic acid were relatively large, which indicated that it had a higher level of plasma exposure. The half-life of elimination (T1/2) of chebulinic acid, corilagin and chebulagic acid were 43.30, 26.39 and 19.98 h, respectively, suggesting that these analytes showed prolonged retention and metabolize more slowly in vivo. This study would deliver a theoretical foundation for the further application of TC in clinical practice.

Additional file 5. Data analysis results.

Two-dimensional organic porous networks (2DOPNs) have opened new vistas for tailoring the physicochemical characteristics of metallic surfaces. These typically chemically bound nanoporous structures act as periodical quantum wells leading to the 2D confinements of surface electron gases, adatoms and molecular guests. Here we propose a new type of porous network with weakly interacting 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (TPT) molecules on a Cu(111) surface, in which a temperature-driven (T-driven) phase transition can reversibly alter the supramolecular structures from a close-packed (CP-TPT) phase to a porous-network (PN-TPT) phase. Crucially, only the low-temperature PN-TPT exhibits subnano-scale cavities that can confine the surface state electrons and metal adatoms. The confined surface electrons undergo a significant electronic band renormalization. To activate the spin degree of freedom, the T-driven PN-TPT structure can additionally trap Co atoms within the cavities, forming highly ordered quantum dots. Our theoretical simulation reveals a complex spin carrier transfer from the confined Co cluster to the neighbouring TPT molecules via the underlying substrate. Our results demonstrate that weakly interacting 2DOPN offers a unique quantum switch capable of steering and controlling electrons and spin at surfaces via tailored quantum confinements.

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have long defined the state-of-the-art in skeleton-based action recognition, leveraging their ability to unravel the complex dynamics of human joint topology through the graph's adjacency matrix. However, an inherent flaw has come to light in these cutting-edge models: they tend to optimize the adjacency matrix jointly with the model weights. This process, while seemingly efficient, causes a gradual decay of bone connectivity data, culminating in a model indifferent to the very topology it sought to map. As a remedy, we propose a threefold strategy: (1) We forge an innovative pathway that encodes bone connectivity by harnessing the power of graph distances. This approach preserves the vital topological nuances often lost in conventional GCNs. (2) We highlight an oft-overlooked feature - the temporal mean of a skeletal sequence, which, despite its modest guise, carries highly action-specific information. (3) Our investigation revealed strong variations in joint-to-joint relationships across different actions. This finding exposes the limitations of a single adjacency matrix in capturing the variations of relational configurations emblematic of human movement, which we remedy by proposing an efficient refinement to Graph Convolutions (GC) - the BlockGC. This evolution slashes parameters by a substantial margin (above 40%), while elevating performance beyond original GCNs. Our full model, the BlockGCN, establishes new standards in skeleton-based action recognition for small model sizes. Its high accuracy, notably on the large-scale NTU RGB+D 120 dataset, stand as compelling proof of the efficacy of BlockGCN. The source code and model can be found at https://github.com/ZhouYuxuanYX/BlockGCN.

Planar lenses with optimized but disordered structures can focus light beyond the diffraction limit. However, these disordered structures have inevitably destroyed wide-field imaging capability, limiting their applications in microscopy. Here we introduce information entropy S to evaluate the disorder of an objective chip by using the probability of its structural deviation from standard Fresnel zone plates. Inspired by the theory of entropy change, we predict an equilibrium point S0=0.5 to balance wide-field imaging (theoretically evaluated by the Strehl ratio) and subdiffraction-limit focusing. To verify this, a NA=0.9 objective chip with a record-long focal length of 1 mm is designed with S=0.535, which is the nearest to the equilibrium point among all reported planar lenses. Consequently, our fabricated chip can focus light with subdiffraction-limit size of 0.44{\lambda} and image fine details with spatial frequencies up to 4000 lp/mm in experiment. These unprecedented performances enable ultracompact reflective confocal microscopy for superresolution imaging., Comment: 42 pages, 4 figures

Additional file 1. Dynamic changes of complete blood counts and immune parameters pre-RT and post-RT

This paper introduces a method for characterizing the current noise of commercial constant-current sources(CCSs) using a free-induction-decay(FID) type optically-pumped rubidium atomic magnetometer driven by a radio-frequency(RF) magnetic field. We convert the sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer into the current noise of CCS by calibrating the coil constant. At the same time, the current noise characteristics of six typical commercial low-noise CCSs are compared. The current noise level of the KeySight Model B2961A is the lowest among the six tested CCSs, which is 36.233 0.022 nA / Hz1/2 at 1-25 Hz and 133.905 0.080 nA / Hz1/2 at 1-100 Hz respectively. The sensitivity of atomic magnetometer is dependent on the current noise level of the CCS. The CCS with low noise is of great significance for high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer. The research provides an important reference for promoting the development of high precision CCS, metrology and basic physics research., Comment: 7pages,7figures

Supplemental Document

A simple and sensitive strategy using cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detector was developed and applied for the simultaneous separation and determination of nine components in Sanyetangzhiqing (SYTZQ), a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent. Several important parameters affecting separation performance were evaluated and optimized using single variable methods. Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of the nine components, including four flavonoids (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronoside, and astragalin), four phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and lithospermic acid), and a monoterpenoids (paeoniflorin), were achieved in less than 16 min. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were over 0.9996 for all the analytes. Intraday and interday precisions ranged from 0.4% to 4.8% and 1.7% to 5.0%, respectively. Recoveries of analytes varied from 95.3% to 105%. Validation results as well as the application to analyse SYTZQ samples demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method and thus provided an effective tool for the quality control of SYTZQ. Moreover, with the advantages of short time consuming, low energy consumption, high efficiency, and low cost, this method has laid a foundation for the determination and quality evaluation of multicomponents in Chinese herbal compounds.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. SNP effects cross the whole genome at the heritability of 0.1. Fig. S2. SNP effects cross the whole genome at the heritability of 0.3. Fig. S3. SNPeffects cross the whole genome at the heritability of 0.5.

External-cavity diode lasers (ECDL) are widely used as light sources in laser spectroscopy, atomic physics and quantum optics. This paper presents a home-made 852-nm ECDL with variable feedback, using the combined dual narrow-band interference filters (IFs) as the laser longitudinal mode selection element. The combination of narrow-band IFs, mainly for the current commercially available narrow-band IFs with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 0.5 nm for 780 to 895 nm. We design different narrow-band IFs combinations to achieve narrower FWHM, and apply them in ECDL. The combination of dual narrow-band IFs further reduces the laser linewidth. In our experiments, we measured laser linewidth using a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity with the cavity linewidth of about 10 kHz. The laser linewidth is about 176 kHz for the Single-IF-ECDL and about 96 kHz for Dual-IF-ECDL with the same feedback. In addition, we have experimentally verified the results of narrower laser linewidth and larger tuning range as feedback increases. The developed Dual-IF-ECDL has the capability of the narrow linewidth and wavelength tunability, and can be applied to precision spectroscopy and cooling and trapping of neutral atoms., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures

Additional file 3. Table S3 Regression coefficients of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs determined via multi-Cox analysis.

Ganodermataceae was introduced by Donk (1948) which belongs to Polyporales and the latest studies indicated that it is a monophyletic group (Costa-Rezende et al. 2020). Currently, eleven genera viz. Amauroderma Murril, Amaurodermellus Costa-Rezende, Cristataspora Costa-Rezende, Foraminispora Robledo, Costa-Rezende & Drechsler-Santos, Furtadoa Costa-Rezende, Robledo & Drechsler-Santos, Ganoderma P. Karst., Haddowia Steyaert, Humphreya Steyaert, Magoderna (Murrill) Steyaert, Sanguinoderma Y.F. Sun, D.H. Costa & B.K. Cui and Tomophagus Murrill are accepted in Ganodermataceae and supported by morphology and phylogeny (Steyaert 1972; Furtado 1981; C orner 1983; Zhao and Zhang 2000; Ryvarden 2004; Thametal 2012; Costa-Rezende et al. 2017; Costa-Rezende et al. 2020; Sun et al. 2020). Ganoderma P. Karst (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) was introduced to accommodate a laccate and stipitate fungus, Ganodermalucidum (Curtis) P. Karst (Karsten 1881). Ganoderma is characterized by double-walled basidiospores with inter-wall protuberances (Karsten 1881; Moncalvo and Ryvarden 1997). There are 462 records in the Index Fungorum (http://www.Indexfungorum.org/; accessed date: 7 October 2021) and 506 records in MycoBank (http://www.mycobank.org/; accessed date: 7 October 2021). Ganoderma is one of the most taxonomically scrutinized genera among the Ganodermataceae and even in Polyporales (Richter et al. 2015; Costa-Rezende et al. 2020). Most Ganoderma species are wood decomposers, found in all temperate and tropical regions (Pilotti et al. 2004; Cao et al. 2012; Zhou et al. 2015). Ganoderma has long been regarded as one of the most important medicinal fungi in the world (Paterson 2006); they have been used as medicine for over two millennia in China (Dai et al. 2009). Several Ganoderma species are known to be prolific sources of highly active bioactive compounds, especially polysaccharides, protein, sterols, and triterpenoids (Ahmadi and Riazipour 2007; Chan et al. 2007). These compounds are known to possess extensive therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral agents, and improve sleep function (De Silva et al. 2013). Species diversity of Ganoderma is abundant in China and more than 30 species have been described (Zhao and Zhang 2000; Wang et al. 2009; Cao et al. 2012; Li et al. 2015; Xing et al. 2016; Hapuarachchi et al. 2018; Liu et al. 2019; He et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2020). Yunnan province is considered as one of the hot-spots for studying biodiversity of polypores, and some new Ganoderma species have been described (Zhao 1989; Wang et Wu 2010; Cao and Yuan 2013). During our investigation into the diversity of Ganoderma in Yunnan province, several specimens of Ganoderma were collected from central and southern Yunnan. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the seven collections formed two distinct lineages and can be recognized as new species, hence two new species, namely G.dianzhongense and G.esculentum are introduced based on morphology and phylogeny.