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Background: In most ophthalmic surgeries, patients are conscious or semi-conscious, and hence, they may experience varying levels of anxiety during surgery. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an interdisciplinary supportive educational program on anxiety among patients undergoing cataract surgery (CS). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in February–August 2019 using a two-group pretest–posttest design. Participants were 64 patients with cataract who were referred to Feiz Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, for undergoing CS. They were consecutively recruited and randomly assigned to either a control or an intervention group. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Participants in the intervention group received an interdisciplinary supportive educational intervention, while their counterparts in the control group received routine care services. State anxiety and trait anxiety were assessed both on the sampling day and after regaining full postoperative consciousness. Data analysis was done via the independent and the paired samples t-, the Mann–Whitney U-, and the Chi-square tests. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and the control groups respecting the pretest mean scores of state anxiety (35.25 ± 8.51 vs. 35.72 ± 9.43; P = 0.83) and trait anxiety (38.25 ± 7.002 vs. 39.16 ± 8.58; P = 0.64). However, there were statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the posttest mean scores of state anxiety (28.66 ± 10.39 vs. 34.84 ± 9.36; P = 0.02) and trait anxiety (31.76 ± 8.51 vs. 38.13 ± 10.29; P = 0.01). Conclusion: As a simple and inexpensive intervention, an interdisciplinary supportive and educational program through both face-to-face communication and telecommunication methods is effective in significantly reducing anxiety among patients undergoing CS.

SIGNIFICANCE The present study is the first population-based study to examine the prevalence of convergence insufficiency and its associations specifically in the geriatric population. Knowledge of the population-based determination of prevalence of this disorder in the elderly is necessary to support proper clinical diagnosis and management. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of convergence insufficiency and its associated factors in a geriatric population. METHODS In this study, all residents older than 60 years in Tehran city were selected through random stratified cluster sampling. All participants underwent a complete ocular examination including the measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, binocular vision assessments including unilateral and alternating cover tests, measurement of the near point of convergence, the positive fusional vergence, and finally ocular health examination. RESULTS In this population-based sample of 1793 participants, the overall prevalences of two-sign and three-sign convergence insufficiency were 29.6% (95% confidence interval, 27.2 to 32.0%) and 21.5% (95% confidence interval, 19.5 to 23.6%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of both two-sign (P = .19) and three-sign (P = .41) convergence insufficiency between men and women. The highest and lowest prevalences of two-sign and three-sign convergence insufficiency were in the age groups 70 to 74 and 75 to 79 years, respectively. The prevalence showed no significant trend with age (P = .26 for two-sign convergence insufficiency, P = .33 for three-sign convergence insufficiency). In the multiple logistic regression model, none of the variables, including age, sex, and refractive errors, showed a significant relationship with convergence insufficiency (all, P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed a high prevalence of convergence insufficiency in the geriatric population. Clinicians should give special attention to this binocular vision disorder in this age group.

مقدمه: گلوکوما یک بیماری شایع همراه با عوارض متعددی از جمله افزایش فشار داخل چشم، نابینایی و آسیب‌های جدی به بافت و اعصاب کره‌ی چشم می‌باشد. شایع‌ترین روش درمان گلوکوما، عمل جراحی ترابکولکتومی است. این عمل، گاهی با عوارضی مانند افیوژن کوروییدی، هایپوتونی (Hypotonia) و کم عمق شدن اتاق قدامی همراه است. برخی مطالعات نشان داده‌اند که استفاده از میتومایسین C در حین عمل، می‌تواند در بهبودی گلوکوما پس از عمل تأثیر قابل توجه داشته باشد. از این رو، مطالعه‌ی حاضر با هدف تعیین توزیع فراوانی موفقیت و عوارض پس از عمل در بیماران تحت عمل ترابکولکتومی با و بدون تماس موضعی محل عمل با میتومایسین C به انجام رسید. روش‌ها: طی یک مطالعه‌ی آینده‌نگر، 35 بیمار تحت عمل ترابکولکتومی بدون استفاده از میتومایسین C (گروه شاهد) و 35 بیمار تحت عمل همراه با تماس موضع عمل با میتومایسین C (گروه مورد) تا 6 ماه بعد از عمل تحت پی‌گیری قرار گرفتند و فشار داخل چشم، میزان موفقیت عمل و بروز عوارض در بیماران دو گروه بررسی و مقایسه گردید. یافته‌ها: پس از پی‌گیری 6 ماهه، نتیجه‌ی درمان در 22 نفر (9/63 درصد) از گروه شاهد و 28 نفر (0/80 درصد) از گروه مورد با موفقیت کامل، در 5 نفر (3/14 درصد) از گروه شاهد و 6 نفر (1/17 درصد) از گروه مورد با موفقیت نسبی همراه بود و در 8 نفر (9/22 درصد) از گروه شاهد و 1 نفر (9/2 درصد) از گروه مورد شکست درمان وجود داشت. میزان موفقیت در گروه مورد به‌ طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود (048/0 = P). نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از میتومایسین C در حین عمل در بیماران تحت عمل جراحی ترابکولکتومی، باعث افزایش میزان موفقیت درمان می‌گردد. همچنین، استفاده از این دارو منجر به کاهش تعداد اقلام دارویی مصرفی در بعد از عمل می‌شود. از این رو، استفاده از میتومایسین C در عمل جراحی ترابکولکتومی طبق صلاحدید چشم‌پزشک جراح توصیه می‌شود.

Background: This study aimed to compare two doses of Mitomycin C in reducing haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy. Methods: 170 eyes of 85 patients enrolled; in each patient one eye randomly assigned to be treated by low dose intraoperative MMC (LDMMC) and other eye by standard dose MMC (SDMMC). Then the patients were followed up to 6 months and refraction, Uncorrected Distant Visual Acuity (UCDVA), Best Corrected Distant Visual Acuity (BCDVA) and haze formation submitted in each postoperative exam. Results: The mean preoperative refraction in LDMMC eyes was -3.08 (SD 1.65) sphere and 0.92 (SD 0.88) cylinder. These values for SDMMC eyes were -3.25 (SD 1.80) sphere and 0.81 (SD 0.84) cylinder. Mean postoperative sphere in LDMMC group was -0.132 (SD 0.503) and -0.138 (SD 0.484) in 3 and 6 months after PRK. These results was -0.041 (SD 0.501) and -0.076 (SD 0.489) for SDMMC group. Mean postoperative cylinder 3 and 6 month after PRK was 0.435 (SD 0.218) and 0.423 (SD 0.255). In LDMMC group and 0.435 (SD 0.247) and 0.426 (SD 0.261) in SDMMC group. In third month 14 eyes in LDMMC group presented with grade 1 score of clinical haze. From these eyes only 2 still had this haze after 6 month. 7 eyes in SDMMC group had grade 1 clinical haze at third month- but no clinical haze was seen at the end of 6 th month. Conclusion: The results of the two doses of Mitomycin C were not significant. We suggest to use the lower dose to reduce its side effects.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the changes of posterior corneal curvature after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in patient with myopia greater than 6 diopters. Methods: The study was conducted on 107 eyes of 57 patients with the preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error of at least minus six diopters. Subjects underwent PRK for treatment of myopia or myopic astigmatism and were followed 4 months later to evaluate their refractive error. The posterior corneal curvature was evaluated by orbscan II topography preoperatively and 4 months after PRK. Finding: The diameter of posterior corneal best-fitted sphere (BFS) in 3, 5, 7 and 10 millimeter zones before surgery was 6.089 ± 0.2666, 6.137± 0.253, 6.299 ± 0.268, and 6.506± 0.312 millimeters respectively and after surgery these values had changed to 5.673± 0.362, 5.809± 0.341, 6.056± 0.309, and 6.347± 0.334 millimeters respectively. Conclusion: PRK for treatment of high myopia makes significant changes in the diameter of all measured zones of posterior cornea. The amount of alteration changed with regard to the selected zone, with the maximum effect in 3 and minimum effect in 10 millimeter zones.

مقدمه: یکی از دلایلی که قدرت لنز داخل چشمی (IOL) بعد از عمل Photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) پایین‌تر از مقدار واقعی گزارش می‌شود، اندازه‌گیری اشتباه قدرت ریفراکتیو قرنیه به وسیله‌ی سیستم‌های توپوگرافی قرنیه و کراتومترها است. دستگاه‌های مختلفی با دقت‌های متفاوت برای اندازه‌گیری کراتومتری بعد از عمل وجود دارند که در این میان شناسایی مناسب‌ترین وسیله که در اندازه‌گیری کراتومتری دقیق عمل نماید، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. دراین مطالعه بر آن شدیم تا دو دستگاه کراتومتری دستی و دستگاه IoL-Master را از نظر تعیین کراتومتری بعد از عمل مقایسه کنیم. روش‌ها: این مطالعه یک کارآزمایی بالینی (Clinical trial) پروسپکتیو بود که بر روی بیمارانی که جهت انجام جراحی فتورفراکتیو مراجعه کرده بودند، انجام شد. از بین مراجعه کنندگان. 35 نفر از بیماران بین 20 تا 30ساله، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. کراتومتری توسط دستگاه کراتومتری دستی ژاوال(,china GM300 )و دستگاه IOL Master انجام شد. سه ماه بعد از عمل PRK برای بیماران کراتومتری مجدد با هر دو روش و با فاصله‌ی 5 دقیقه انجام شد. همه‌ی بیماران تحت رفراکشن قبل و بعد از عمل PRKقرار گرفتند. تفاوت کراتومتری بعد از عمل در گروه IOL Master و گروه کراتومتری دستی با کراتومتری که با روش Clinical history method و به تفکیک هر دستگاه محاسبه شد تعیین گردید. آنالیز آماری تحت نرم افزار SPSS نسخه‌ی 16 و آزمون‌های Paired t-test و Student t-test انجام شد. یافته‌ها: 70 چشم از 35 بیمار شامل 10 نفر مرد و 25 نفر زن بررسی شدند. میانگین سن بیماران 55/1±45/23 سال بود. تفاوت بین کراتومتری بعد از عمل با روش IOL Master با کراتومتری حاصل از CHM در مقایسه‌ی با تفاوت بین کراتومتری دستی ژاول با کراتومتری حاصل از CHM (31/4±73/4- و 37 /0±14/0) از نظر آماری معنی دار بود. ارتباط معنی‌دار مستقیمی بین کراتومتری با دستگاه IOL master و روش CHM برابر 0.86 دیده شد اما بین روش دستی و CHM ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل ازاین مطالعه نشان دادند که اعدادبه دستآمده به روش IOL Master به روش CHM بسیار نزدیک‌تر هستند لذا توصیه می‌شود برای انجام کراتومتری بعد از عمل PRK از دستگاه IOL Master استفاده شود.

Bckground:This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and complications of Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) as a retreatment of residual myopia after previous laser insitu keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods:In this descriptive study, with the consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, the 92 cases were selected and underwent PRK with mitomycin C. Findings: This study was performed on 170 eyes of 92 patients with the mean age of 35 years old (56 women and 36 men). The average interval between two procedures was 17.5 ± 3.2 months. After 1 year, 94.7% of the eyes had uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (20/40 or better) and 65.8% of eyes had UCVA (20/20 or better). 135 eyes (79.4%) were within ± 0.5 diopter (D) and 168 eyes (98.8 %) were within ± 1.00 D of target refraction. 2 eyes lost one line of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and 14 eyes had BCVA gain. After 12 months four eyes had corneal haze of grade 2. Before and after PRK, Spheric equivalents of eyes were -1.84 ± 0.6 and -0.15 ± 0.2 D respectively (P < 0.001), mean UCVA was 0.34 ± 0.23 and 0.92 ± 0.14 of lines (P < 0.001) and the mean pachymetry was 428 ± 20 and 407 ± 12 microns respectively (P = 0.032). Conclusion:PRK is an effective and safe procedure as a retreatment of post LASIK residual myopia. Key words:LASIK, Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), Retreatment, Myopia.

BACKGROUND: Complaining of tearing was found in some of our patients after phacoemulsification surgery for senile cataract. Secondary acquired lacrimal drainage obstruction has been proposed to happen due to different causes. This study was performed at Feiz hospital in Isfahan, Iran from September to December of 2004 to evaluate the effects of phacoemulsification surgery on tear drainage in eyes with senile cataract. METHODS: This cohort study was performed on 110 patients with senile cataract who had phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens (PCL) implantation surgery under topical anesthesia in one eye. Included patients had fluorescein disappearance and taste test duration of xxx; 5.5 minutes in both eyes before operation. Tear drainage function tests were repeated for one week and one month after surgery in both eyes and obtained data were compared. RESULTS: The incidence of lacrimal drainage impairment in eyes treated for senile cataract was 35% at one week and 20% at one month after phacoemulsification surgery. The mean taste test duration time was 3.84 ± 0.77 minutes before surgery, 7.30 ± 4.80 minutes at one week and 6.31 ± 4.42 minutes at one month after surgery (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively). No post operation tear drainage impairment was observed in the sound eyes of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Impairment of lacrimal drainage can be predisposed by cataract surgery in eyes with senile cataract. KEY WORDS: Lacrimal drainage, cataract surgery, phacoemulsification

Aim: We aimed to compare peak systolic velocity of central retinal artery (PSV.CRA) and peak systolic velocity of ophthalmic artery (PSV.OA) between patients with retinal detachment who were treated with segmental scleral bucking and scleral buckling with encircling procedure. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic cross sectional study that was performed in Isfahan university referral centers since April 2010 to April 2011. Of the patients who have undergone scleral buckling surgery, 20 patients belonging to two groups were randomly selected to enroll in the study. Study groups were, patients who have undergone segmental scleral buckling and the other group were patients who have undergone scleral buckling with encircling procedure. Patients were invited to perform color Doppler imaging. PSV-RA and PSV-OA were measured and documented in both operated and unoperated eyes. All of the Doppler′s performed at least three months after ophthalmic surgery. Results: We found significant decrease in PSV.CRA among patients in both groups. In patients who had undergone scleral buckling with encircling procedure PSV.CRA was 11.03 ± 3.04 (cm/sec) and 14.83 ± 4.80 in operated and unoperated eye respectively (P = 0.03). In other hand, who treated with segmental scleral buckling these parameters were 11.02 ± 2.48 and 14.45 ± 4.69 (P = 0.03). PSV.OA did not change significantly in each method. The difference between mean PSV.CRA and PSV.OA in operated eye between two study groups was not significant. Conclusion: PSV.CRA reduced significantly in both surgery methods and PSV.OA changes was not significant. However, the mean PSV.CRA and PSV.OA changes did not show statistically significant difference between surgery methods.

Background: This study aimed to compare two doses of Mitomycin C in reducing haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy. Methods: 170 eyes of 85 patients enrolled; in each patient one eye randomly assigned to be treated by low dose intraoperative MMC (LDMMC) and other eye by standard dose MMC (SDMMC). Then the patients were followed up to 6 months and refraction, Uncorrected Distant Visual Acuity (UCDVA), Best Corrected Distant Visual Acuity (BCDVA) and haze formation submitted in each postoperative exam. Results: The mean preoperative refraction in LDMMC eyes was −3.08 (SD 1.65) sphere and 0.92 (SD 0.88) cylinder. These values for SDMMC eyes were −3.25 (SD 1.80) sphere and 0.81 (SD 0.84) cylinder. Mean postoperative sphere in LDMMC group was −0.132 (SD 0.503) and −0.138 (SD 0.484) in 3 and 6 months after PRK. These results was −0.041 (SD 0.501) and −0.076 (SD 0.489) for SDMMC group. Mean postoperative cylinder 3 and 6 month after PRK was 0.435 (SD 0.218) and 0.423 (SD 0.255). In LDMMC group and 0.435 (SD 0.247) and 0.426 (SD 0.261) in SDMMC group. In third month 14 eyes in LDMMC group presented with grade 1 score of clinical haze. From these eyes only 2 still had this haze after 6 month. 7 eyes in SDMMC group had grade 1 clinical haze at third month- but no clinical haze was seen at the end of 6th month. Conclusion: The results of the two doses of Mitomycin C were not significant. We suggest to use the lower dose to reduce its side effects.

Background: Corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin, also known as collagen cross-linking (CXL), involves the application of riboflavin solution to the eye that is activated by illumination with ultraviolet A (UVA) light. We survey here the topographic corneal changes one year after CXL in patients with corneal keratoconus. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial study comprised 66 patients with progression of keratoconus during one year who were enrolled at Feiz University Referral Eye Center in Isfahan. Before and after the operation, patients were examined with slit lamp and funduscopic examinations and measurement of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was done with a logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) scale. Corneal topographic and pachymetry values were derived from Orbscan II. The paired t-test test was used for statistical analyses with SPSS software version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: All 66 patients completed postoperative follow-up at 12 months. The mean age of the patients was 22.4 ± 5.4 years (range: 18-29 years). Thirty-six (54.55%) subjects were men and 30 (45.45%) were women. The mean preoperative sphere was −2.66 ± 2.14 diopter (D), the mean cylinder was −3.97 ± 2.29, and the mean spherical equivalent (SE) was −4.64 ± 2.56. Postoperatively, the mean sphere was −2.22 ± 2.57 D, the mean cylinder was −3.60 ± 2.40 D, and SE was −4.02 ± 2.93 D (P = 0.037). SE also demonstrated a mean difference of 0.62 ± 0.37 D significantly (P = 0.006). The mean diameter of preoperative posterior best-fit sphere (BFS) was 6.33 ± 0.35mm (range: 5.51-7.73 mm) before operation, and it improved to 6.28 ± 0.34mm (range: 4.36-6.13 mm) after operation; the difference was significant (P = 0.039). Conclusion: Our study showed a significant improvement in topographic corneal changes and refractive results in patients with corneal ectasia after CXL.

Objectives: The onset of multiple sclerosis in the majority of the cases occurs as a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). We sought to assess serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in CIS patients and healthy controls. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 40 patients (36 women and 4 men) with CIS manifesting as a single isolated optic neuritis and 40 Age- and sex-matched healthy controls (35 women and 5 men) were enrolled between late October 2010 and early March 2011. General vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-OHD levels of lower than 20 ng/ml and was classified as mild (15 < 25-OHD

Hyperopia is a type of refractive error and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is one of the surgical procedures for correction of various types of refractive errors. In this study we decided to evaluate the efficacy and results of PRK on hyperopia of more than 3 diopters 4 months after surgery. Background: Overall, 30 eyes of 19 patients (18-66 years of old) for this clinical trial study were selected from the patients referred to an eye center clinic for PRK. All of these eyes were operated by Technolas 217 Excimer laser system. 4 months postoperative results were compared with preoperative data. Pre and postoperative results were compared using t-paired test via SPSS software. Methods: Postoperative spherical equivalent of patients were - 2.00 to + 5.00 diopter. In 30% of patients there was overcorrection and in 70% of patients there was Undercorrection. None of the patients were in the range of emetropia. Postoperative SE of 46.6% of patients was in the range of ± 1.00 diopter and 80% of patients were in the range of ± 2.00 diopter. The mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of patients 0.8 ± 0.18 as well as postoperative BSCVA. The mean of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.13 ± 0.1 and the mean of postoperative UCVA vs 0.51 ± 0.25. The mean of preoperative sphere was +5.45±2.06 and post operative one was + 1.00 ± 1.62 diopter. The mean of preoperative astigmatism was - 1.42 ± 1.13 that change to - 0.95 ± 0.55 postoperatively. Findings: Photorefractive keratectomy has a poor predictability and efficacy for hyperopia of more than + 3.00. Conclusion: High hyperopia - Hyperopia - Photorefractive Keratectomy. Key words

Background: Strabismus is a common eye disease which symptoms is visible in most of the children. It can cause poor vision and decrease performance, especially during the study. However, despite the high prevalence and serious consequences of the disease, epidemiological studies had not been conducted on this disease in Iran before the current stady. We aimed to determine the types of strabismus in 100 children admitted to Feyz hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during 2012-2013. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 children with strabismus were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, type of strabismus, visual acuity, history of trauma, and previous surgery were studied. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: Of 100 children with strabismus with a mean age of 7.05 ± 4.50 years, 32 were boys and 68 were girls. Type of the strabismus was isotropia in 56, exotropia in 34 and hypotropia in 10 patients. The strabismus was in right eye in 17, left eye in 57 and of both eyes in 26 patients. Visual acuity was 0.532 ± 0.137 and 0.078 ± 0.160 in the right and left eyes, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). History previous surgery in 15, history of the trauma in 2 and history of underlying diseases in 4 patients was positive. Conclusion: Stabism is one of the prevalent diseases in our community and early diagnosis may lead to better prognosis and vigual aquity. Thus, improving general awarness and pediatric ophthalmology examinations and appropriate actions should be done.

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) can be the first presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Anti-aquaporin-4 IgG (AQP4 IgG) is a highly specific and moderately sensitive biomarker for NMO. This study was designed to assess the rate of seropositivity for AQP4 IgG, and the short-term outcome of patients presenting with single isolated ON (SION). Methods: A cohort of 41 consecutive patients experiencing severe (< 20 / 200) SION (not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for MS or NMO), was prospectively recruited. Blood sampling was carried out immediately after the diagnosis of ON, and AQP4 IgG was tested qualitatively, using an indirect immunofluorescence kit. After clinical and paraclinical investigations, all the patients were followed up for a short-term period of at least 18 months. Results: The seroprevalence among the initial ON patients was 9.7% (4 / 41). The short-term conversion rate to MS and NMO was estimated to be about 7.3 and 4.9%, respectively. The conversion rate to NMO in initially seropositive patients was greater than that for the whole cohort [2 / 4 (50%) vs. 2 / 41 (4.9%); P = 0.035; Odds ratio: 19.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.73 to 219.50]. Conclusion: AQP4 IgG seropositive SION patients were more likely to develop NMO in comparison to the total SION population. Further studies, with a longer follow-up period and larger sample sizes are warranted to assess the clinical and prognostic value of assessing AQP4 IgG in SION.

Background: There is accumulating evidence for a possible protective role of vitamin D in the development and disease course of multiple sclerosis. Whether vitamin D is also effective in treating patients with optic neuritis (ON) is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral vitamin D on the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in vitamin D deficient patients with ON by optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: A Phase II placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial conducted between July 2011 and November 2012 included 52 patients with confirmed unilateral ON aged 15-38 years and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. The main outcome measures were changes in thickness of RNFL and macula 6 months after treatment. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 6 months of treatment with adding either 50,000 IU/week vitamin D or placebo. Results: In the 27 patients treated with vitamin D, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) thickness of RNFL decreased from 111.3 (18.9) μm at baseline to 91.4 (13.3) at the end of study period (P < 0.001). Correspondingly, in the 25 patients treated with placebo, the mean (SD) thickness of RNFL decreased from 113.7 (21.5) μm at baseline to 96.1 (12.3) at the end of study period (P < 0.01). In both groups, the mean thickness of the macula did not changed (P > 0.05). Average thickness of RNFL at the end of trial did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Adding vitamin D to routine disease therapy had no significant effect on the thickness of RNFL or macula in patients with ON. This trial is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT01465893).