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This paper provides an implicit central compact scheme for the numerical solution of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The solution procedure is based on the artificial compressibility method that transforms the governing equations into a hyperbolic-parabolic form. A fourth-order central compact scheme with a sixth-order numerical filtering is used for the discretization of convective terms and fourth-order central compact scheme for the viscous terms. Dual-time stepping approach is applied to time discretization with backward Euler difference scheme to the pseudo-time derivative, and three point second-order backward difference scheme to the physical time derivative. An approximate factorization-based alternating direction implicit scheme is used to solve the resulting block tridiagonal system of equations. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed numerical method is verified by simulating several two-dimensional steady and unsteady benchmark problems.

Objective: To Know the Number of patients referred to tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Lahore, disease model and outcome determination. Study Design: A descriptive study Location and duration: The study was performed in Pediatric unit I of Services Hospital, Lahore for the period of one year from February 2016 to February 2017 Method: admission is the result of all newborns' income, and the result is retrospectively reviewed. Results: During the study period, the number of patients admitted was 500. Continuous low birth weight (24.6%) with sepsis showed the highest (19.9%) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (18.9%), meconium aspiration syndrome (15.2%),birth asphyxia (17.02) , pneumonia (3.46), neonatal jaundice (9.44%), hyaline injury (3.4%)and congenital malformations (2.8%). 148 of the 500 patients (13.8%) were expired. The majority of the deadlines were due to sepsis (31.75%). Keywords: Descriptive Study, Patients Load, Neonatal ICU, Tertiary Care Hospital.

Rostam Al- Tavarikh and Rostam Al -Hokama are two innovative combinations among the title of Persian historical books. No man of wisdom has used the word "Rostam" in order to introduce himself. This suggests an interesting phenomenon in the history of historiography. Here, the central issue is that why Mohammad Hashem Asef has dealt with subjects that have not been considered in historiography books. The present article tries to reconsider the historical nature of Rostam Al- Tavarikh and the character of its writer through his personality and the era (end of Safavids through the beginning of Ghajar) he and his ancestors were living in. For this purpose two methodological approaches have been used: the explanation of the causes and the analysis of arguments.

Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) having high degree of adaptability under wide range of climatic conditions, allow the crop to be productive in broad range of environments. Field experiments in autumn were laid out at Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan for two years (2007 and 2008), to document the effect of growing degree days (GDD) on the performance of sunflower hybrids. Four sunflower hybrids, Alisson-RM, Parasio-24, MG-2 and S-278 were planted in randomized complete block design with four replications during autumn season. The data on growing degree days accumulation during autumn and their effect on achene, oil yield and yield components of sunflower like number of achenes per head, hundred achenes weight, biological and achene yield was recorded. All these agronomic characters as well as oil characteristics were influenced by prevailing temperature. GDD collected during autumn season was thesame for both years of study. Amongst hybrids, the hybrid MG-2 showed the maximum values for all the agronomic as well as oil parameters during the autumn season. At the late planting of sunflower during autumn season, crop completes its life cycle in short duration and accumulates less heat units, thus, achene and oil yield along with yield attributes are affected accordingly. Key words: Growing degree days (GDD), yield and yield components, sunflower.

The effect of planting window (PW) acting as changing temperature scenarios and water availability at critical stages of wheat (Zadok’s scale) on photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) as well as their relationship with yield of spring wheat genotypes viz: Chakwal-50, Wafaq-2001 and GA-2002 was studied. The research was conducted at three locations of varying climatic conditions (National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad (NARC), Barani Agriculture Research Institute Chakwal (BARI) and farmer’s field at Talagang, District Chakwal) in year 2008-09 and 2009-10. The results showed that photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly affected under three locations due to change in temperature and water availability. Photosynthesis (27.03, 24.64 and 22.66 μ mole/m2/second), stomatal conductance (0.78, 0.31 and 0.09 mole/m2/second) were recorded and transpiration rate (8.66, 8.17 and 2.07 mole/m2/s) were recorded at NARC, Chakwal and Talagang, respectively. The values of these attributes were highest in growing year 2008-09 due to optimum temperature and water availability. The results clearly indicated that CO2 reduction rate, transmission of stomata and water loss rate were dependent on optimum temperature and moisture availability. Reduction in moisture availability and increase in temperature lead to reduction in photosynthesis which ultimately reduces the biomass produced and accordingly, limit the yield. Grain yield was observed to be 3540, 2352 and 1938 kg ha-1 for NARC, Chakwal and Talagang, respectively, which showed a regular reduction under three different observed environments. These physiological results of wheat genotypes can be used to find adaptive and potential genotypes for changing environment.Keywords: Wheat, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, environment.