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Poster Abstract

An einen Zusammenhang zwischen Augenheilkunde und Adipositas- bzw. metabolischer Chirurgie wird wahrscheinlich nicht oft gedacht. Doch ein nach bariatrischer Chirurgie aufgetretener Vitamin- und Nährstoffmangel kann sehr wohl zu Beschwerden an den Augen, wie zum Beispiel zu einer Nachtblindheit [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

International audience; The evolution of young stars and disks is driven by the interplay of several processes, notably the accretion and ejection of material. These processes, critical to correctly describe the conditions of planet formation, are best probed spectroscopically. Between 2020 and 2022, about 500orbits of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) are being devoted in to the ULLYSES public survey of about 70 low-mass ( M ⋆ ≤ 2 M ⊙ ) young (age < 10 Myr) stars at UV wavelengths. Here, we present the PENELLOPE Large Program carried out with the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) with the aim of acquiring, contemporaneously to the HST, optical ESPRESSO/UVES high-resolution spectra for the purpose of investigating the kinematics of the emitting gas, along with UV-to-NIR X-shooter medium-resolution flux-calibrated spectra to provide the fundamental parameters that HST data alone cannot provide, such as extinction and stellar properties. The data obtained by PENELLOPE have no proprietary time and the fully reduced spectra are being made available to the whole community. Here, we describe the data and the first scientific analysis of the accretion properties for the sample of 13 targets located in the Orion OB1 association and in the σ -Orionis cluster, observed in November–December 2020. We find that the accretion rates are in line with those observed previously in similarly young star-forming regions, with a variability on a timescale of days (≲3). The comparison of the fits to the continuum excess emission obtained with a slab model on the X-shooter spectra and the HST/STIS spectra shows a shortcoming in the X-shooter estimates of ≲10%, which is well within the assumed uncertainty. Its origin can be either due to an erroneous UV extinction curve or to the simplicity of the modeling and, thus, this question will form the basis of the investigation undertaken over the course of the PENELLOPE program. The combined ULLYSES and PENELLOPE data will be key in attaining a better understanding of the accretion and ejection mechanisms in young stars.

The evolution of young stars and disks is driven by the interplay of several processes, notably accretion and ejection of material. Critical to correctly describe the conditions of planet formation, these processes are best probed spectroscopically. About five-hundred orbits of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) are being devoted in 2020-2022 to the ULLYSES public survey of about 70 low-mass (M, Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics. 15 pages + appendix, language edited version

International audience; Diffraction fundamentally limits our ability to image and characterize exoplanets. Interferometry offers some advantages in exoplanet detection and characterization and we explore in this white paper some of the potential scientific breakthroughs possible.

International audience; In this white paper, we explore how higher angular resolution beyond ALMA and 8m-class telescopes can extend our understanding of the key stages of planet formation, to resolve accreting circumplanetary disks themselves, and to watch planets forming in situ for the nearest star-forming regions.

Ziele: Der „Klinische Exkurs in der Einführungswoche für Erstsemester“ („Esi-KlinEx“) stellt im klassischen Curriculum (Trennung des Studiums in Vorklinik und Klinik) eine Verbindung zwischen vorklinischen und klinischen Fragestellungen her und eröffnet den[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)

The period after nursing home admission is particularly challenging. Family carers of people with dementia have to cope with their changed role in the new setting. To support them in maintaining their caring role, their contribution in the nursing home must be better understood.

We present the results of a series of numerical simulations using the Athena code aimed at recovering the range of possible initial conditions for protostellar objects starting at cluster scales. With a series of weakly and strongly magnetized runs, we discuss the effects of magnetic fields on the range of possible outcomes for protostars and their immediate environments.

In the past decade, the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has proved to be one of the most efficient systems for mass production of recombinant eukaryotic membrane proteins (MPs), leading to the crystallization and structure determination for a variety of them. The actual overexpression of functional MPs achieved with this system is, however, often accompanied by the formation of a variable but significant proportion of misfolded and/or aggregated proteins that are co-extracted and co-purified during the purification process. In order to minimize this unwanted phenomenon, we devised a novel procedure in which MPs produced in Pichia pastoris are directly solubilized from whole cells instead of crude membrane preparation. This approach aims at favoring the extraction of correctly folded membrane proteins that have been targeted to the plasma membrane, limiting the solubilization of the misfolded proteins and protein aggregates that are stored in internal membrane compartments. The method described herewith is based on the formation of protoplasts through enzymatic treatment prior to protein solubilization. This chapter details a set of protocols going from yeast cell preparation and protein solubilization to purification using affinity and size exclusion chromatography. journal article 2017 imported

Plants use light as source of energy and information to detect diurnal rhythms and seasonal changes. Sensing changing light conditions is critical to adjust plant metabolism and to initiate developmental transitions. Here we analyzed transcriptome-wide alterations in gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) of etiolated seedlings undergoing photomorphogenesis upon exposure to blue, red, or white light. Our analysis revealed massive transcriptome reprograming as reflected by differential expression of ~20% of all genes and changes in several hundred AS events. For more than 60% of all regulated AS events, light promoted the production of a presumably protein-coding variant at the expense of an mRNA with nonsense-mediated decay-triggering features. Accordingly, AS of the putative splicing factor REDUCED RED-LIGHT RESPONSES IN CRY1CRY2 BACKGROUND 1 (RRC1), previously identified as a red light signaling component, was shifted to the functional variant under light. Downstream analyses of candidate AS events pointed at a role of photoreceptor signaling only in monochromatic but not in white light. Furthermore, we demonstrated similar AS changes upon light exposure and exogenous sugar supply, with a critical involvement of kinase signaling. We propose that AS is an integration point of signaling pathways that sense and transmit information regarding the energy availability in plants.

A key point when it comes to heterologous expression of eukaryotic membrane proteins (EMPs) is the choice of the best-suited expression platform. The yeast Pichia pastoris has proven to be a very versatile system showing promising results in a growing number of cases. Indeed, its particular methylotrophic characteristics combined to the very simple handling of a eukaryotic microorganism that possesses the majority of mammalian-like machineries make it a very competitive expression system for various complex proteins, in amounts compatible with functional and structural studies. This chapter describes a set of robust methodologies routinely used for the successful expression of a variety of EMPs, going from yeast transformation with the recombinant plasmid to the analysis of the quality and quantity of the proteins produced. journal article 2016 imported

Purpose – Durham Zoo (hereinafter – DZ) is a project to design and operate a concept search engine for science and technology. In DZ, a concept includes a solution to a problem in a particular context.Design – Concept searching is rendered complex by the fuzzy nature of a concept, the many possible implementations of the same concept, and the many more ways that the many implementations can be expressed in natural language. An additional complexity is the diversity of languages and formats, in which the concepts can be disclosed.Humans understand language, inference, implication and abstraction and, hence, concepts much better than computers, that in turn are much better at storing and processing vast amounts of data.We are 7 billion on the planet and we have the Internet as the backbone for Collective Intelligence. So, our concept search engine uses humans to store concepts via a shorthand that can be stored, processed and searched by computers: so, humans IN and computers OUT.The shorthand is classification: metadata in a structure that can define the content of a disclosure. The classification is designed to be powerful in terms of defining and searching concepts, whilst suited to a crowdsourcing effort. It is simple and intuitive to use. Most importantly, it is adapted to restrict ambiguity, which is the poison of classification, without imposing a restrictive centralised management.In the classification scheme, each entity is shown together in a graphical representation with related entities. The entities are arranged on a sliding scale of similarity. This sliding scale is effectively fuzzy classification.Findings – The authors of the paper have been developing a first classification scheme for the technology of traffic cones, this in preparation for a trial of a working system. The process has enabled the authors to further explore the practicalities of concept classification. The CmapTools knowledge modelling kit to develop the graphical representations has been used.Practical implications – Concept searching is seen as having two categories: prior art searching, which is searching for what already exists, and solution searching: a search for a novel solution to an existing problem.Prior art searching is not as efficient a process, as all encompassing in scope, or as accurate in result, as it could and probably should be. The prior art includes library collections, journals, conference proceedings and everything else that has been written, drawn, spoken or made public in any way. Much technical information is only published in patents. There is a good reason to improve prior art searching: research, industry, and indeed humanity faces the spectre of patent thickets: an impenetrable legal space that effectively hinders innovation rather than promotes it. Improved prior-art searching would help with the gardening and result in fewer and higher-quality patents. Poor-quality patents can reward patenting activity per se, which is not what the system was designed for. Improved prior-art searching could also result in less duplication in research, and/or lead to improved collaboration.As regards solution search, the authors of the paper believe that much better use could be made of the existing literature to find solutions from non-obvious areas of science and technology. The so-called cross industry innovation could be joined by biomimetics, the inspiration of solutions from nature.Crowdsourcing the concept shorthand could produce a system ‘by the people, for the people’, to quote Abraham Lincoln out of context. A Citizen Science and Technology initiative that developed a working search engine could generate revenue for academia. Any monies accruing could be invested in research for the common good, such as the development of climate change mitigation technologies, or the discovery of new antibiotics.

We present a survey of the Orion A and B molecular clouds undertaken with the IRAC and MIPS instruments onboard Spitzer. In total, five distinct fields were mapped covering 9 sq. degrees in five mid-IR bands spanning 3-24 microns. The survey includes the Orion Nebula Cluster, the Lynds 1641, 1630 and 1622 dark clouds, and the NGC 2023, 2024, 2068 and 2071 nebulae. These data are merged with the 2MASS point source catalog to generate a catalog of eight band photometry. We identify 3479 dusty young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Orion molecular clouds by searching for point sources with mid-IR colors indicative of reprocessed light from dusty disks or infalling envelopes. The YSOs are subsequently classified on the basis of their mid-IR colors and their spatial distributions are presented. We classify 2991 of the YSOs as pre-main sequence stars with disks and 488 as likely protostars. Most of the sources were observed with IRAC in 2-3 epochs over 6 months; we search for variability between the epochs by looking for correlated variability in the 3.6 and 4.5 micron bands. We find that 50% of the dusty YSOs show variability. The variations are typically small (0.2 mag.) with the protostars showing a higher incidence of variability and larger variations. The observed correlations between the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8 micron variability suggests that we are observing variations in the heating of the inner disk due to changes in the accretion luminosity or rotating accretion hot spots., Comment: Accepted to the Astronomical Journal. A full resolution version of the paper and the point source catalog can be found at http://astro1.physics.utoledo.edu/~megeath/Orion/The_Spitzer_Orion_Survey.html

Hintergrund: Europa- und deutschlandweit gibt es zahlreiche ERASMUS-Outgoings. Im Jahr 2009/10 absolvierten 33 Aachener Medizinstudierende ein Semester im Ausland. Wie gestaltet sich bei den Outgoings der Wissenszuwachs im Vergleich zu denen, die in Aachen bleiben? Methoden: Der Progress[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)

We present a survey of the Orion A and B molecular clouds undertaken with the IRAC and MIPS instruments onboard Spitzer. In total, five distinct fields were mapped covering 9 sq. degrees in five mid-IR bands spanning 3-24 microns. The survey includes the Orion Nebula Cluster, the Lynds 1641, 1630 and 1622 dark clouds, and the NGC 2023, 2024, 2068 and 2071 nebulae. These data are merged with the 2MASS point source catalog to generate a catalog of eight band photometry. We identify 3479 dusty young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Orion molecular clouds by searching for point sources with mid-IR colors indicative of reprocessed light from dusty disks or infalling envelopes. The YSOs are subsequently classified on the basis of their mid-IR colors and their spatial distributions are presented. We classify 2991 of the YSOs as pre-main sequence stars with disks and 488 as likely protostars. Most of the sources were observed with IRAC in 2-3 epochs over 6 months; we search for variability between the epochs by looking for correlated variability in the 3.6 and 4.5 micron bands. We find that 50% of the dusty YSOs show variability. The variations are typically small (0.2 mag.) with the protostars showing a higher incidence of variability and larger variations. The observed correlations between the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8 micron variability suggests that we are observing variations in the heating of the inner disk due to changes in the accretion luminosity or rotating accretion hot spots., Accepted to the Astronomical Journal. A full resolution version of the paper and the point source catalog can be found at http://astro1.physics.utoledo.edu/~megeath/Orion/The_Spitzer_Orion_Survey.html

Porous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microgels of both 17.6 and 8.3 mu m in diameter are synthesized via hard templating with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microparticles. The synthesis is performed in three steps: loading of PEG macromonomers into CaCO3 microparticles, crosslinking via photopolymerization, and removal of the CaCO3 template under acidic conditions. The resulting porous PEG microgels are inverse replicates of their templates as indicated by light microscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and permeability studies. Thus this process allows for the straightforward and highly reproducible synthesis of porous hydrogel particles of two different diameters and porosities that show great potential as carriers for drugs or nanomaterials.

27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2219-2221, The breakdown characteristics of flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells were analyzed with respect to the influence of sodium. Higher sodium contents lead to lower breakdown voltages, which were deduced from reverse bias JV-measurements. For a locally resolved analysis of this effect, voltage dependent dark lock-in thermography images were recorded. It can be shown that enhanced sodium concentration does not increase the number of local shunts but their voltage dependence.

A catalogue of molecular aberrations that cause ovarian cancer is critical for developing and deploying therapies that will improve patients lives. The Cancer Genome Atlas project has analysed messenger RNA expression, microRNA expression, promoter methylation and DNA copy number in 489 high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinomas and the DNA sequences of exons from coding genes in 316 of these tumours. Here we report that high-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by TP53 mutations in almost all tumours (96%); low prevalence but statistically recurrent somatic mutations in nine further genes including NF1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1 and CDK12; 113 significant focal DNA copy number aberrations; and promoter methylation events involving 168 genes. Analyses delineated four ovarian cancer transcriptional subtypes, three microRNA subtypes, four promoter methylation subtypes and a transcriptional signature associated with survival duration, and shed new light on the impact that tumours with BRCA1/2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2) and CCNE1 aberrations have on survival. Pathway analyses suggested that homologous recombination is defective in about half of the tumours analysed, and that NOTCH and FOXM1 signalling are involved in serous ovarian cancer pathophysiology. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

In Presidential Addresses to the American Psychiatric Association, at the beginning and end of his Presidential term (1991/92), the author acknowledges current scientific and economic pressures to simplify, but emphasizes and discusses the role of humane values and biopsychosocial integration as central and essential to good psychiatry now and in the future.

We present IRAC/MIPS Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the solar-type and the low-mass stellar population of the young (~5Myr) λ Orionis cluster. Combining optical and Two Micron All Sky Survey photometry, we identify 436 stars as probable members of the cluster. Given the distance (450 pc) and the age of the cluster, our sample ranges in mass from 2 M_⊙ to objects below the substellar limit. With the addition of the Spitzer mid-infrared data, we have identified 49 stars bearing disks in the stellar cluster. Using spectral energy distribution slopes, we place objects in several classes: non-excess stars (diskless), stars with optically thick disks, stars with “evolved disks” (with smaller excesses than optically thick disk systems), and “transitional disk” candidates (in which the inner disk is partially or fully cleared). The disk fraction depends on the stellar mass, ranging from ~6% for K-type stars (R_C − J < 2) to ~27% for stars with spectral-type M5 or later (R_C − J > 4). We confirm the dependence of disk fraction on stellar mass in this age range found in other studies. Regarding clustering levels, the overall fraction of disks in the λ Orionis cluster is similar to those reported in other stellar groups with ages normally quoted as ~5Myr.

A catalogue of molecular aberrations that cause ovarian cancer is critical for developing and deploying therapies that will improve patients’ lives. The Cancer Genome Atlas project has analysed messenger RNA expression, microRNA expression, promoter methylation and DNA copy number in 489 high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinomas and the DNA sequences of exons from coding genes in 316 of these tumours. Here we report that high-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by TP53 mutations in almost all tumours (96%); low prevalence but statistically recurrent somatic mutations in nine further genes including NF1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1 and CDK12; 113 significant focal DNA copy number aberrations; and promoter methylation events involving 168 genes. Analyses delineated four ovarian cancer transcriptional subtypes, three microRNA subtypes, four promoter methylation subtypes and a transcriptional signature associated with survival duration, and shed new light on the impact that tumours with BRCA1/2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2) and CCNE1 aberrations have on survival. Pathway analyses suggested that homologous recombination is defective in about half of the tumours analysed, and that NOTCH and FOXM1 signalling are involved in serous ovarian cancer pathophysiology., National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U54HG003067), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U54HG003273), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U54HG003079), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA126543), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA126544), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA126546), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA126551), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA126554), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA126561), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA126563), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA143882), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA143731), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA143835), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA143845), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA143858), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA144025), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA143866), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA143867), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA143848), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant U24CA143843), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R21CA135877)

25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3331-3334, After the successful execution of research projects for European Space Agency (ESA) regarding the design, assembly and test of flexible thin film solar array hardware, flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells were subject of an investigation with different non destructive test methods. The electrical characteristic and the quality of the thin film solar cells i.e. the identification of shunts were the main points of interests. Three methods including Lock-in thermography (LIT), electroluminescence (EL), and light beam induced current (LBIC) were used for the investigation. The obtained results show that LIT, EL and LBIC are valuable tools to assess the characteristics of flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells. Inhomogeneities as well as localized shunts were clearly identified by all three test methods. With regard to the usability in the production process, EL and LIT are better applicable than LBIC, due to high measurement speed.

We present IRAC/MIPS Spitzer observations of intermediate-mass stars in the 5 Myr old λ Orionis cluster. In a representative sample of stars earlier than F5 (29 stars), we find a population of nine stars with varying degree of moderate 24 μm excess comparable to those produced by debris disks in older stellar groups. As expected in debris disks systems, those stars do not exhibit emission lines in their optical spectra. We also include in our study the star HD 245185, a known Herbig Ae object which displays excesses in all Spitzer bands and shows emission lines in its spectrum. We compare the disk population in the λ Orionis cluster with the disk census in other stellar groups studied using similar methods to detect and characterize their disks and spanning a range of ages from 3 Myr to 10 Myr. We find that for stellar groups of 5 Myr or older the observed disk frequency in intermediate-mass stars (with spectral types from late B to early F) is higher than in low-mass stars (with spectral types K and M). This is in contradiction with the observed trend for primordial disk evolution, in which stars with higher stellar masses dissipate their primordial disks faster. At 3 Myr, the observed disk frequency in intermediate-mass stars is still lower than for low-mass stars indicating that second generation dusty disks start to dominate the disk population at 5 Myr for intermediate-mass stars. This result agrees with recent models of evolution of solids in the region of the disk where icy objects form (>30 AU), which suggest that at 5-10 Myr collisions start to produce large amount of dust during the transition from runaway to oligarchic growth (reaching sizes of ~500 km) and then dust production peaks at 10-30 Myr, when objects reach their maximum size (≥1000 km).

"We present optical and infrared observations of CVSO 224, the sole transitional disk located within the -10 Myr year old 25 Orionis group of Orion OB1a. The Spitzer IRS spectrum reveals an optically thick disk truncated at - 7 AU, with an inner region lled with optically thin dust, reminiscent of the structure of the only other -10 Myr year old transitional disk studied in detail, namely, TW Hya. As in TW Hya, the grains in this region have grown to ym sizes, signicantly larger than in the inner regions of the transitional disks in Taurus. The H? prole in our high resolution HECTOCHELLE spectrum of CVSO 224 reveals broad wings, indicative of magnetospheric accretion, despite the previous classication of WTTS for this object. The derived mass accretion rate is about 10 times lower than in TW Hya, but consistent with expected decay of mass accretion rate with age."

Spin-polarized tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effects occur when two ferromagnets are separated by a thin insulator. The resistance of the tunneling current changes with the relative magnetization orientation of the magnetic bottom and top electrode. The research in this field is fuelled by the demanding of magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) devices. Novel MRAM cells are based on magnetic tunnel junctions with current-induced switching. It has been shown that semiconductors need a current pulse for switching which is two orders of magnitude smaller in comparison to metals. Using wide-gap magnetic semiconductors, e.g. ZnO, the magnetic tunnel structure may be transparent and may possess a Curie temperature above room temperature. In this talk, we report the clearly observed tunneling magnetoresistance at 5 K in magnetic tunnel junctions with Co-doped ZnO as the bottom electrode and Co as the top electrode prepared by pulsed laser deposition and thermal evaporation [1], respectively. Spin-polarized electrons were injected from Co-doped ZnO to the crystallized Al2O3 separation layer and tunnelled through the amorphous part of the Al2O3 barrier. Our studies demonstrate the spin polarization in Co-doped ZnO and its possible application in future ZnO-based spintronics devices. [1] Q. Xu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 076601 (2008)

NiO has great potential applications in gas sensors, optical fibers, solar thermal absorbers, or in non-volatile resistive random memories. In our study NiO, NiMnO, and NiMnLiO have been grown on double-side polished r-plane sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition. In contrast to the antiferromagnetic behaviour of bulk NiO, we probed weak ferromagnetism with a coercivity ranging between 150 and 250 Oe by means of SQUID magnetometry. We measured the complex Voigt angle using a HeCd laser, a Glan Taylor polarizer, a Hinds PEM-100 and two LockIns. The polarization state of light after transmission through a sample consisting of ca. 1 μm thick, weak ferromagnetic and diamagnetic NiO thin films on diamagnetic r-plane sapphire substrates has been modelled using the 4*4 matrix formalism in dependence of an external magnetic field applied in-plane. The modelling results revealed that for the bare diamagnetic substrate the Voigt angle depends parabolically on the external magnetic field and that the weak ferromagnetic and diamagnetic NiO thin films changed the parabolic dependence of the Voigt angle in the range of ±0.1 T to a flat-top shape in agreement with the experimentally determined Voigt angle.

We study the Reidemeister torsion and the analytic torsion of the $m$ dimensional disc in the Euclidean $m$ dimensional space, using the base for the homology defined by Ray and Singer in \cite{RS}. We prove that the Reidemeister torsion coincides with a power of the volume of the disc. We study the additional terms arising in the analytic torsion due to the boundary, using generalizations of the Cheeger-M\"{u}ller theorem. We use a formula proved by Br\"uning and Ma \cite{BM}, that predicts a new anomaly boundary term beside the known term proportional to the Euler characteristic of the boundary \cite{Luc}. Some of our results extend to the case of the cone over a sphere, in particular we evaluate directly the analytic torsion for a cone over the circle and over the two sphere. We compare the results obtained in the low dimensional cases. We also consider a different formula for the boundary term given by Dai and Fang \cite{DF}, and we show that the result obtained using this formula is inconsistent with the direct calculation of the analytic torsion.

This paper investigates to what extent university spin-offs benefit from their parent organization. Drawing from the resource based view and social capital theory we identify the support factors that may turn to interference with the spinoffs business goals. This study has a case study approach and data is collected among high-tech university spin-offs in the Netherlands. Preliminary findings provide insight in the extent to which support is valuable and when it can hamper the progress of the spin-off creation. Understanding the dynamics of the support can help improve the spin-off incubation programs.

Series of Co-doped Al-codoped ZnO films with electron concentration at 5 K ranging from 8.31017 cm-3 to 9.91019 cm-3 were prepared by pulsed laser deposition under different O2 pressure and substrate temperature. The magnetoresistance (MR) effect was studied between 5 K and 290 K with fields up to 6 T, showing large electron concentration and temperature dependence. A large positive MR of 124 % has been observed in the film with the lowest electron concentration of 8.31017 cm-3, while only negative MR of –1.9 % was observed in the film with an electron concentration of 9.91019 cm-3 at 5 K. The positive MR is attributed to the quantum correction on the conductivity due to the s-d exchange interaction induced spin-splitting of the conduction band [1]. The negative MR is attributed to the magnetic field suppressed weak localization [1]. The modelled superimposed positive and negative MR agrees well with the experimentally observed MR and hints towards the physical origin of MR in Co-doped ZnO [2]. [1] P. A. Lee and T. V. Ramakrishnan, Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 287 (1985) [2] Q. Xu, L. Hartmann, H. Schmidt, H. Hochmuth, M. Lorenz, D. Spemann, and M. Grundmann, Phys. Rev. B 76, 134417 (2007)