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Summary An underground stress state might be disturbed in an area, particularly adjusting to an active shear zone. Borehole breakouts (BOs) that appeared in a circular hole excavated in an inhomogeneous stress field might be tracked to identify the active shear zone. The present study aims to develop the breakout morphology analysis (BMA) algorithm to exploit the valuable attributes of borehole BOs including azimuth, width, and intensity (depth of elongation) of failure from wellbore ultrasonic imaging tools. In the current study, the extracted azimuthal information was surveyed to detect the active shear zone along the well. Ultrasonic data from five wells drilled in the doubly plunging Ahvaz Anticline located in Iran were collected for the purpose of algorithm verification. The multiwell correlation of the BOs’ azimuth generated by the algorithm in the Ahvaz Anticline suggests a shear plan dipping southwest-northeast direction is possibly active in the deep vertical wells. Similarly, the seismic reflection profile of the Ahvaz Anticline shows a track of detachment faulting system in the mid-Cretaceous sediments. The finding confirms that the raw ultrasonic traveling time is more applicable than other borehole image data, such as static and dynamic images of ultrasonic amplitude, in BO characterization.

Background and aims: Over the last six months, the use of technology and the internet in Iran is significantly increased due to the coronavirus pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the effect of online career counseling on students’ psychological capital (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope) during corona isolation. Methods: The research design was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study included all students who were members of social media (i.e., WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook, and LinkedIn). After the announcement and completion coronavirus anxiety questionnaire, 30 students who had obtained scores higher than the average level were selected and randomly assigned into experimental (15 students) and control (15 students) groups. Results: The findings showed that after the online counseling course, the intervention group outperformed the control group in psychological capital components (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, online counseling can be an effective source for career counselors, especially in developing countries. Besides face-to-face counseling, its services can help students increase their psychological capital.

Cancer is a deadly disease that has long plagued humans and has become more prevalent in recent years. The common treatment modalities for this disease have always faced many problems and complications, and this has led to the discovery of strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The use of magnetic nanoparticles in the past two decades has had a significant impact on this. One of the objectives of the present study is to introduce the special properties of these nanoparticles and how they are structured to load and transport drugs to tumors. In this study, iron oxide (Fe

Purpose In the case of Iran, about 19 years have passed since the announcement of general energy policies. Policies adopted in the past included too many approaches and goals for the energy sector that some of them are in conflict with each other and their simultaneous implementation was impossible. Therefore, many of the expected goals of these policies have not been achieved. It is very important to adopt an appropriate approach that is compatible with the country’s characteristics and can steer energy policies. Therefore, this study aims to adopt an appropriate approach for the country’s energy sector according to the conditions and needs of the country. Design/methodology/approach A participatory scenario technique is designed and used to develop plausible projections in the case of Iran’s energy futures. Based on the proposed methodology, the research process starts with data gathering through interviews and national plans analysis. Then, findings were used as inputs to a simulation-based scenario development process. Scenarios are developed based on Monte Carlo simulation via cross-impact analysis technique purified based on expert judgments. Findings In this paper, to recognize Iran’s general approach to energy in the next 20 years, driving forces of change were introduced and used as input for the scenario development phase. Results showed sanctions play a significant role in Iran’s energy future and determine the directions of other driving forces. For renewable energy, it was proposed to increase the renewable share in Iran’s electricity generation mix to 5% of the total installed capacity. In the case of fossil fuel extraction, the maximum efficient rate was proposed for both oil and natural gas national production strategy. Originality/value This research is novel both in terms of application and theory. A new participatory scenario development method is used using simulations that are equipped based on experts’ judgments. Also from the practical perspective, this research targeted a future-oriented challenging problem to initialize national policy in a resource-rich developing economy (i.e. Iran).

Nowadays, the high consumption of fossil fuels has caused many pollutants and environmental problems. Biodiesel has recently been considered as a clean and renewable alternative to fossil fuels. They are found in some molecular structures including fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and also fatty methyl esters (FAMEs), having various thermophysical characteristics. Thus, it appears essential to select the suitable methods for a particular diesel engine to estimate the ester characteristics. The current research sets out to develop a new and robust method predicting isothermal compressibility of long-chain fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters directly from several basic efficient parameters (pressure, temperature, normal melting point, and molecular weight). Therefore, as a novel and prevailing mathematical method in this field, an extreme learning machine was implemented for isothermal compressibility on the massive dataset. According to statistical evaluations, this novel established model had high accuracy and applicability (R2 = 1 and RMSE = 0.0018714) which is more accurate than previous models presented by former researchers. Among various factors of the sensitivity analysis, temperature and pressure had the greatest effect on the output values, so that the output parameter has a direct relationship with temperature and an inverse relationship with pressure with relevancy factors of 22.44% and −79.81%.

Injectable materials have shown great potential in tissue engineering applications. However, bacterial infection is one of the main challenges in using these materials in the field of regenerative medicine. In this study, biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticle-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ag/MWCNTs) were deployed for adorning biogenic-derived AgNPs which were subsequently used in the preparation of thermosensitive hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid encompassing these green-synthesized NPs. The antibacterial capacity of AgNPs decorated on MWCNTs synthesized through Camellia sinensis extract in an organic solvent-free medium displayed a superior activity by inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative (E. coli and Klebsiella) and Gram-positive (S. aureus and E. faecalis). The injectable hydrogel nanocomposites demonstrated good mechanical properties, as well. The thermosensitive hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels also exhibited Tgel below the body temperature, indicating the transition from liquid-like behavior to elastic gel-like behavior. Such a promising injectable nanocomposite could be applied as liquid, pomade, or ointment to enter wound cavities or bone defects and subsequently its transition in situ to gel form at human body temperature bodes well for their immense potential application in the biomedical sector.

In this study, we present results of a mathematical model in which the governing equations of electroforming process were solved using a robust finite element solver (COMSOL Multiphysics). The effects of different parameters including applied current density, solution electrical conductivity, electrode spacing, and anode height on the copper electroforming process have been investigated. An electroforming experiment using copper electroforming cell was conducted to verify the developed model. The obtained results show that by increasing the applied current density, the electroforming process takes place faster, thereby resulting in a higher thickness of the electroformed layer. In addition, higher applied current density led to non-uniformity of the coated layer. It was revealed that by increasing electrolytic conductivity from 5 to 20 S/m, the electroformed layer became thicker. By considering three different anode heights, it was found that if the cathode and anode are the same height, the process will be more effective. Finally, it was concluded that there is an optimum value of anode-cathode spacing: above it, energy consumption and plating time are high; while below it, the resultant layer is non-uniform. The present study demonstrates that the developed model can accurately capture the physics of electroforming with a reasonable computational time.

Introduction: The application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer therapy has been limited due to its drug resistance and poor internalization. Graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures have the capacity for DOX delivery while promoting its cytotoxicity in cancer. Areas covered: The favorable characteristics of GO nanocomposites, preparation method, and application in cancer therapy are described. Then, DOX resistance in cancer is discussed. The GO-mediated photothermal therapy and DOX delivery for cancer suppression are described. Preparation of stimuli-responsive GO nanocomposites, surface functionalization, hybrid nanoparticles, and theranostic applications are emphasized in DOX chemotherapy. Expert opinion: Graphene oxide nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy maximizes the anti-cancer activity of DOX against cancer cells. Apart from DOX delivery, GO nanomaterials are capable of loading anti-cancer agents and genetic tools to minimize drug resistance and enhance the cytolytic impact of DOX in cancer eradication. To enhance DOX accumulation in cancer cells, stimuli-responsive (redox-, light-, enzyme- and pH-sensitive) GO nanoparticles have been developed for DOX delivery. Further development of targeted delivery of DOX-loaded GO nanomaterials against cancer cells may be achieved by surface modification of polymers such as polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan. Doxorubicin-loaded GO nanoparticles have demonstrated theranostic potential for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Hybridization of GO with other nanocarriers such as silica and gold nanoparticles further broadens their potential anti-cancer therapy applications. 35152815

Nowadays, women constitute a considerable part of employees in the society that according to the multiple roles that they play (mother, wife, employee), more flexibility is needed in their career affairs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of teleworking using the Internet on married working women working in educational settings (advantages and disadvantages of teleworking). For this purpose, this study includes qualitative and quantitative parts with samples including 16 and 404 married women working in educational settings (i.e. school and university). In the qualitative part that interviews were conducted with 16 married women who were selected as experts in educational occupations, the findings showed that teleworking brings six major advantages for women. These six advantages are economic, psychological, health, family, organizational, and educational. Moreover, when the qualitative part was ended, the researchers prepared a questionnaire according to the findings and selected 404 married and working women in educational settings to rate advantages and disadvantages of teleworking during Covid-19 pandemic and according to qualitative results, teleworking has disadvantages such as role conflict, lack of face-to-face position, and reworking. The quantitative results showed that participants' feedback was positive in six advantages and two variables of family and psychological were the most important variables among teleworking advantages (p < .05). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that teleworking has a considerable effect on family cohesion and psychological security of women. Therefore, according to the current status of the society (covid-19), facilities should be considered for married women.

The use of ionic liquids (ILs) for biomass pretreatment to produce cellulose-rich materials (CRMs) has been well proven. In this research, due to the wide range of applications and ease of using artificial intelligence procedures, on the basis of the algorithm of stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) decision tree, an artificial intelligence approach is proposed to estimate the properties of cellulose-rich materials (CRMs). That being the case, the dataset of the empirical output values was gathered and was randomly broken down into datasets for testing and training. These results show that the best forecasting tool for calculating the properties of CRMs is the developed model. Furthermore, the accuracy of the databank of the biodiesel target values has been examined. In contrast, the influences of model contributed variables on the output have been examined as a new issue. It reveals that the most influencing variable in determining the properties of CRMs is the cellulose enrichment factor. Therefore, this research provides an innovative and accurate tool for predicting the properties of CRMs and sensitivity investigation on effective parameters to help investigators developing the optimized process.

In recent years, the intrinsic magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have made them one of the most promising candidates for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aims to evaluate the effect of different coating agents (with and without targeting agents) on the magnetic property of MNPs. In detail, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were prepared by the polyol method. The nanoparticles were then divided into two groups, one of which was coated with silica (SiO2) and hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) (SPION@SiO2@HPG), the other was covered by HPG alone (SPION@HPG). In the following section, folic acid (FA), as a targeting agent, was attached on the surface of nanoparticles. Physicochemical properties of nanostructures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). TEM results showed that SPION@HPG was monodispersed with the average size of about 20 nm, while SPION@SiO2@HPG had a size of about 25 nm. Moreover, HPG coated nanoparticles had much lower magnetic saturation than the silica coated ones. The MR signal intensity of the nanostructures showed a relation between increasing the nanoparticle concentrations inside the MCF-7 cells and decreasing the signal related to the T2 relaxation time. The comparison of coating showed that SPION@SiO2@HPG (with/without a targeting agent) had significantly higher r2 value in comparison to Fe3O4@HPG. Based on the results of this study, the Fe3O4@SiO2@HPG-FA nanoparticles have shown the best magnetic properties, and can be considered promising contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging applications.

Well logging analysis has been recognized as the best way to characterize reservoir properties, especially water saturation. Archie equation is known as the best method to estimate water saturation from well logging data. Determination of Archie parameters is an incessant challenge in advanced reservoir engineering because of its complex intrinsic. Measurement of Archie parameters in core laboratory has a high sensitive, expensive and time consuming procedure, that causes the excluding of core analysis to be impossible for the entire depth of reservoir zone. Although some empirical and mathematical models have been introduced to measure cementation factor, without the need of coring, there is not exist a reliable method to estimate saturation exponent in similar way.Genetic algorithm is excelled than other meta-heuristic global search methods, which could be used in solving engineering problems. In this study, a genetic algorithm based strategy has been developed to develop a model to estimate saturation exponent from a core of drilled well in Sarvak Formation at Marun Oil Field in Iran. This model has been validated with laboratory measurements of saturation exponent with the accuracy (R2) of 0.91 and the miscalculation (MSE) of 0.23. Keywords: Saturation exponent, Genetic algorithm, Sarvak Formation

In this work, we report a facile chemical precipitation method to prepare zinc manganite (ZnMn2O4) materials. ZnMn2O4 nanosheets were synthesized through a cathodic electrolytic electrodeposition (ELD), and their application as supercapacitor electrodes were evaluated. The effect of calcining temperature on the nanostructure and morphology of ZnMn2O4 was investigated systematically through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometery (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements. Electrochemical properties of the synthesized products as electrodes in a supercapacitor device were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in aqueous electrolyte. ZnMn2O4 nanosheets exhibiting remarkable electrochemical performance in supercapacitors with specific capacitance (∼457 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (67.2% capacity retention at 10 A g−1), and good cycling stability (only 92.5% loss after 4000 cycles at 3 A g−1). All the results demonstrate that the synthesis route is cost-effective, facile, and can development for prepared electrode materials in electrochemical supercapacitors.

In recent years, development of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials has stimulated a great deal of scientific research. The electrochemical performance of a supercapacitor strongly depends on its material structures. Herein, we report a simple strategy for high-performance supercapacitors by building pseudocapacitive CuS nanospheres with nanoporous structures, nanosized walls (

In this study, a thermal method was used to synthesize spinel NiCo2O4 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)@NiCo2O4 with an average size 50 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Addition of CNTs into NiCo2O4 noticeably increases the active surface area compared to pure spinel NiCo2O4. SEM analyses showed that the morphologies are spherical in both pure and composite samples. Uniform CNTs@NiCo2O4 nanoparticles exhibit high specific capacitance of 210 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and a good retention capacity of 92.70% after 2500 cycles, which shows a considerable improvement compared to NiCo2O4. Additionally, an exceptional rate capability of about 73.2% was obtained at 50 A g−1. Such remarkable electrochemical performance of the CNTs@NiCo2O4 can be attributed to high specific surface area and also uniform structure which increase the exposure of active sites available for reaction on the surface shortened transport pathways for both electrons and ion. Also, volume change during the charge-discharge process is mainly alleviated compared to pure spinel NiCo2O4. A carbonaceous material such as the CNT facilitates the charge transfer and improves the stability of frame against volume change.

Due to unique advantages, the development of high-performance supercapacitors has stimulated a great deal of scientific research over the past decade. The electrochemical performance of a supercapacitor is strongly affected by the surface and structural properties of its electrode materials. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of high-performance supercapacitor electrode material based on CuS nano-hollow spheres with nanoporous structures, large specific surface area (97 m2 g−1) and nanoscale shell thickness (

ZnCo2O4 nanoflakes were directly grown on Ni foam via a two-step facile strategy, involving cathodic electrolytic electrodeposition (ELD) method and followed by a thermal annealing treatment step. The results of physical characterizations exhibit that the mesoporous ZnCo2O4 nanoflakes have large electroactive surface areas (138.8 m2 g−1) and acceptable physical stability with the Ni foam, providing fast electron and ion transport sites. The ZnCo2O4 nanoflakes on Ni foam were directly used as integrated electrodes for supercapacitors and their electrochemical properties were measured in 2 M KOH aqueous solution. The ZnCo2O4 nanoflake electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 1781.7 F g−1 at a current density of 5 A g−1 and good rate capability (62% capacity retention at 50 A g−1). Also, an excellent cycling ability at various current densities from 5 to 50 A g−1 was obtained and 92% of the initial capacitance maintained after 4000 cycles. The results demonstrate that the proposed synthesis route is cost-effective and facile and can be developed for preparation of electrode materials in other electrochemical supercapacitors.

The demand for low cost, flexible energy storage devices with enhanced energy/power density has increased with the rapid development of portable, flexible electronics. Herein, we report on an all-solid-state flexible, high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor (SC) based on a polyaniline (PANI) hydrogel made using a two-component mixing strategy. PANI hydrogel consists of polymeric networks with high levels of hydration and three-dimensional (3D) microstructures, which lead to faster electron and mass transport and offer a large accessible surface area. The 3D design is mechanically robust and flexible with large internal surfaces designed to pull water via capillary action. The design features ensure a strong interaction between the electrode and electrolyte solution for effective charge storage reactions, while at the same time giving the electrode sufficient mechanical flexibility to work under a bent condition. The PANI hydrogel electrode exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 862 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Utilizing this nanocomposite as the positive electrode in a PANI//AC asymmetric configuration results in devices with a remarkable performance including good capacitance (261 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), great rate capability (64% capacitance retention), excellent cycle life (18% loss after 5000 cycles), a maximum energy density of 92.7 W h kg−1, and a high power density of 16 kW kg−1. Furthermore, the areal capacitance, areal energy density, volumetric capacitance, and volumetric energy density of the fabricated supercapacitor are 522 mF cm−2, 0.185 mW h cm−2, 17.4 F cm−3, and 6.16 mW h cm−3, respectively. Even under continuous bending and unbending, the device still provides a stable electrochemical performance without noticeable changes. We also demonstrate the promise of these SCs for various applications as we light up a green LED. This excellent performance holds great promise for next-generation flexible electronics.

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) disposable aptamer sensor (aptasensor) is presented for detection of myocardial infarction biomarker by quantification of troponin I in blood serum. A screen-printed electrode was modified with (a) aptamer-modified gold nanoparticles, (b) cyclometallated iridium(III)-poly-4-vinylpyridine nanoparticles, and (c) nitrogen-doped graphene in order to increase the loading capacity and conductivity of the aptasensor. If the aptasensor is exposed to troponin I, it will bind to the aptamer and desorb the aptamer from gold nanoparticles and the surface of the electrode. This generates an enhancement in ECL emission depending on troponin I concentration. ECL emission is strongly improved by aggregation-induced phenomenon, which is caused by inhibition of the water and oxygen quenching effect on the iridium complex ECL in aqueous media. Under optimum conditions, the aptasensor has a wide dynamic range that extends from 0.1 pM to 10 nM, with a 20 fM detection limit (S/N = 3) and a relative standard deviation of 3.1%. The ECL aptasensor was successfully applied to 20 individual human serum for the detection of troponin I biomarker. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of electrochemiluminescence aptamer assay fabrication for detection of Troponin I. Carbon screen printed electrode (CSPE) was modified with nitrogen doped graphene (NG), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), cyclometallated iridium(III)-polyvinylpyridine polymer nanoparticles, ionic liquid and bovine serum albumin.

The Coronaviridae family comprises large enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. The known human-infecting coronaviruses; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), novel SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus (HCoV)-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43 and HKU1 cause mild to severe respiratory infections. The viral diseases induced by mammalian and avian viruses from Coronaviridae family pose significant economic and public health burdens. Due to increasing reports of viral resistance, co-infections and the emergence of viral epidemics such as COVID-19, available antiviral drugs show low or no efficacy, and the production of new treatments or vaccines are also challenging. Therefore, demand for the development of novel antivirals has considerably increased. In recent years, antiviral peptides have generated increasing interest as they are from natural and computational sources, are highly specific and effective, and possess the broad-spectrum activity with minimum side effects. Here, we have made an effort to compile and review the antiviral peptides with activity against Coronaviridae family viruses. They were divided into different categories according to their action mechanisms, including binding/attachment inhibitors, fusion and entry inhibitors, viral enzyme inhibitors, replication inhibitors and the peptides with direct and indirect effects on the viruses. Reported studies suggest optimism with regard to the design and production of therapeutically promising antiviral drugs. This review aims to summarize data relating to antiviral peptides particularly with respect to their applicability for development as novel treatments.

Water saturation is a key parameter in reservoir engineering to calculate the volume of hydrocarbon in reservoirs. The first attempt to estimate water saturation using well log data was implemented by Archie in 1942 for a clean sandstone reservoir. This method requires laboratory measurement of cementation factor. This parameter has the most impression on water saturation calculation compared to the other parameters, which is nearly constant in homogenous sandstone reservoirs. However, due to high variation of cementation factor along depth of wellbore in carbonate reservoirs due to rock’s nature, it is incorrect to assign a constant value to cementation factor. On the other hand, experimental core analysis to determine cementation factor values is an expensive and time-consuming work, and it is impossible to calculate this parameter in laboratory for the whole depth of a drilled wellbore. In industrial applications, using a constant cementation factor can lead to erroneous calculations of water (and hence oil) saturations. Also, previous conventional methods estimating cementation factor from logging data are not often sensitive to pore system of rock and generate a massive source of error. In this study, a new approach to estimate cementation factor using a genetic Mamdani fuzzy inference system was implemented for a case study in Sarvak Formation located in Zagros Basin which is mostly composed of pure limestone. The final results show a high exactness of the proposed model estimating cementation factor with an R-squared of 0.864 and a mean squared error of 0.01899 .

In this work, a novel ternary composite consisting of polyaniline–reduced graphene oxide–cobalt sulfide (PANI–rGO–CoS) was prepared by a two-step process. In the first step, a simple and cost effective hydrothermal route was employed for the synthesis of cubic cobalt sulfide (CoS) on the graphene oxide sheets. In the second step, the polyaniline nanorods were grown on the surface of rGO–CoS sheets via in situ aniline chemical polymerization which was synergistically attached to the graphene surface. The structure and morphology of resulting ternary composite were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The obtained cubic CoS which was incorporated in ternary composite exhibited significant increase in specific capacitance compared to binary polyaniline–reduced graphene oxide (PANI–rGO) composite. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the specific capacitance of the ternary PANI–rGO–CoS composite was 431 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 solution, which was significantly higher than that of the binary PANI–rGO composite (276 F g−1). In addition, the composite displayed good cycle stability retaining 90.1% of their original specific capacitance after 1000 charge–discharge cycles.

Water saturation determination in core laboratory is known as a cost and time consuming labor. Hitherto, many scientists attempted to estimate accurately water saturation from well-logging data which has a continuous record without losing information. Therefore, various model were introduced to relate reservoir properties and water saturation. Since carbonate reservoir is very heterogeneous in shape and size of pore throat, the relation between water saturation and other carbonates reservoir properties is very complex, and causes considerable overall errors in water saturation calculation. By increasing the usage and improvement of soft computing methods in engineering problems, petroleum engineers have been attended them to measure the petrophysical properties of the reservoir. In this study, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) improved by genetic algorithm has been employed to estimate formation water saturation by using conventional well-logging data. The used logging and core data have been gathered from a carbonated formation from one of oilfield located in south-west Iran, and finally their results of the proposed model were compared with the core analysis results. By checking the testing data from another well, it showed this method had a 0.027 for mean square errors and its correlation coefficient is equal to 0.870. These results implied on high accuracy of this model for oil saturation degree estimation. While the common methods like Archie, had a 0.041 mean square error and 0.720 of the correlation coefficient, which indicate a high ability of RBF model than the other usual empirical methods.

Background: The association between gender and time of receiving services (TRS) after traumatic injuries is rarely documented in developing countries. This study aimed to examine gender differences in time between occurring injuries and receiving services in hospital after trauma injuries in northern Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 7085 injured patients were included in this study. Data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the Guilan province trauma system registry (GTSR) from July 2017 to July 2018. The Oaxaca–Blinder (OB) method was used to explain the gender differences in the TRS after traumatic injuries. Results: There were significant differences between men and women in marital statues (P < 0.001), education level (P < 0.001), time of injury (P = 0.025), occupation (P < 0.001), type of trauma (P < 0.001), mode of transfer (P < 0.001), mean age (P < 0.001), average distance from hospital (P = 0.052), and average transfer time to the hospital (P < 0.001). We found gender differences in TRS after falling trauma (P = 0.006) when the transfer was performed by emergency medical services (EMSs) and in penetrating trauma (P < 0.001) when the transfer was performed by private vehicles. The difference in the observed characteristics of men and women explained 67% of gender differences in TRS (P = 0.06). Conclusion: The gender difference in the transfer of injured patients was in favor of men, depending on the socio-demographic and clinical factors. In OB analysis, the gender differences in falling trauma and transfer by EMS and the gender differences in penetrating trauma and private transmission to the hospital were also confirmed. Steps need to be taken to ensure that services are equally beneficial to both men and women.

An in-situ polymerization method has been employed to prepare CuO/PANI nanocomposite. The prepared samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and BET analysis. Application of the prepared samples has been evaluated as supercapacitor material in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in different potential scan rates, ranging from 5 to 100 mV s −1 , and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specific capacitance of CuO/PANI has been calculated to be as high as 185 F g −1 , much higher than that obtained for pure CuO nanoparticles (76 F g −1 ). Moreover, the composite material has shown better rate capability (75% capacitance retention) in various scan rates in comparison with the pure oxide (30% retention). EIS results show that the composite material benefits from much lower charge transfer resistance, compared to CuO nanoparticles. Moreover, much better cyclic performance has been achieved for the composite material.

In this work, we have developed a novel nanocomposite via deposition of ceria (CeO2) on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene (CeO2/NRGO). NRGO was synthesized through a facile, safe, and scalable method to achieve simultaneous thermal reduction along with nitrogen doping of graphene oxide (GO) in air at much lower reaction temperature. CeO2/NRGO was prepared via a sonochemical method in which ceria nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on NRGO sheets. The structure and morphology of CeO2/NRGO nanocomposites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical properties of the proposed nanocomposite electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge, continuous cyclic voltammetry (CCV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. CeO2–NRGO nanocomposite electrodes showed excellent supercapacitive behavior, including much higher specific capacitance (230 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1) and higher rate capability compared to pure N-graphene. The cycling stability of the electrodes was measured by continues cyclic voltammetry (CCV) technique. The CCV showed that the specific capacitance of the CeO2/NRGO and NRGO nanocomposite maintained at 94.1 and 93.2% after 4000 cycles. The results suggest its promising potential as efficient electrode material for supercapacitors.

Background: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is referred to feed back of exposure in severe stressful situations such as natural disasters, severe accidents and so on. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of metacognitive therapy on reduction of PTSD symptoms between accident survivors of Shahr-e-Kord city. Materials and Methods: This research is semi-experimental. A hospital was selected by cluster sampling that for choosing sample, 36 male who were accident survivors, were selected by using interview based on DSM-IV-TR who were experienced PTSD situation. The subjects were randomly assigned into experimental group (N=18), control group (N=18). There were attrition in sample that finally experimental and control groups included 15 subjects. The experimental group received eight 90 min weekly sessions of metacognitive therapy. These tools were used in this research: 1-Clinical interview based on DSM-IV-IR, 2-Mississipi PTSD scale (Used in pretest-posttest and follow up sessions). Results: The results showed that metacognitive therapy, reduced PTSD symptoms in experimental group in post-test and two-month follow up sessions were done (p

The aim of this research was to study the influence of employees’ understanding of organizational mission on employees’ understanding of learning organizational dimensions. This study was practical due to its objectives, and was descriptive due to its methodology. The statistical society included 280 employees of Borujerd Communication Organization among whom the researchers selected 162 persons using Morgan Table. In order to collect the data needed, the researchers used, in addition to library researches, questionnaires. The alpha coefficient for the questionnaires was 0.86.5. Moreover, the researchers used SPSS and software to analyse the data. Finally, the result showed that employees’ understanding of organizational mission influenced their understanding of mental models, common ideals, team learning, and systematic thinking.

Background: attachment styles are some sustainable patterns of connections which influence the persons' behaviors throughout the life, since childhood, and play important rule in individual growing and job creation. Purpose: the purpose of this paper is to study Prediction of job search efficacy and career decision-making self-efficacy based on attachment styles. Method: this research is descriptive type of correlation . Population of this study includes all studentsthat studying in Isfahan University ,during 92/93 academic year ,which selected by Simple Random Sampling method from a sample with 180 person. Data was collected from Attachment Styles ( Hazen& Shiver. 1987), job search efficacy (Salehi.2005) and career decision-making self-efficacy (Bets .1996) questionnaires and has been analyzed by SPSS. Findings: The research data determined that ambivalent and safe attachment style could predict 49 % of career decision-making self-efficacy and 37 % of job search efficacy. Results: we can deduce from current study that attachment styles has an important role in predicted of of job search efficacy and career decision-making self-efficacy career adaptability as well as explaining the career adaptability aspect, that should be attention.

A facile electrostatic co-precipitation route has been employed to prepare f-SWCNT/Co 3 O 4 nano-composite. The prepared samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and BET. Application of the prepared samples has been evaluated as supercapacitor material in 6 M KOH solution using cyclic voltammetry in different potential scan rates, ranging from 5 to 50 mV s−1, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specific capacitance of f-SWCNT/Co 3 O 4 has been calculated to be as high as 343 F g−1, much higher than that of obtained for pure Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles (77 F g−1). Moreover, the composite material has shown better rate capability (55 % capacitance retention) in various scan rates in comparison with the pure oxide (40 % retention). The composite material also showed excellent cycling performance (92 % capacitance retention) over 5,000 continuous cycles. EIS results show that the composite material benefits form much lower charge transfer resistance, compared with Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles.

Cementation factor is a critical parameter, which affects water saturation calculation. In carbonate rocks, due to the sensitivity of this parameter to pore type, water saturation estimation has associated with high inaccuracy. Hence developing a reliable mathematical strategy to determine these properties accurately is of crucial importance. To this end, genetic algorithm pattern search is employed to find accurate cementation factor by using formation resistivity factor and the porosity obtained from laboratory core analyses with considering the assumption that tortuosity factor is not unity. Subsequently, particle swarm optimization (PSO) fuzzy inference system (FIS) was used for the classification of cementation factor according to the predominated rock pore type by using the input variables such as cementation factor, porosity, and permeability to classify the core samples in three groups, namely fractured, interparticle, and vuggy pore system. Then, the experimental data which was collected from Sarvak formation located in one of the Iran southwestern oil fields was applied to the proposed model. Next, for each class, a cementation factor-porosity correlation was created and the results were used to calculate cementation factor and water saturation profile for the studied well. The results showed that the constructed model could predict cementation factor with high accuracy. The comparison between the model presented herein and the conventional method demonstrated that the proposed model provided a more accurate result with a mean square error (MSE) of around 0.024 and led to an R2 value of 0.603 in calculating the water saturation.

Background Burden of injuries is an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. However, a national standard tool for data collection of trauma registry has not been developed in Iran yet. Objectives The present study aimed to describe the steps undertaken in the development of the minimum dataset (MDS) and define the inclusion and exclusion criteria for a case of trauma registry by the national trauma registry of Iran (NTRI). Methods The working group consists of sixteen elected expert representatives from seven established countrywide active trauma research centers. Following a structured extensive review of the literature, the working party identified the data variables that included key registry goals for pre-hospital and hospital, outcome and quality assurance information. We used data variables from three trauma registry centers: National trauma data standard questionnaire, European trauma care (UT stein version), and Sina trauma and surgery research center. Then, we performed two email surveys and three focus group discussions and adapted, modified and finally developed the optimized MDS in order to prepare the quality care registry for injured patients. Results The finalized MDS consisted of 109 data variables including demographic information (n = 24), injury information (n = 19), prehospital information (n = 26), emergency department information (n = 25), hospital procedures (n = 2), diagnosis (n = 2), injury severity (n = 3), outcomes (n = 5), financial (n = 2), and quality assurance (n = 1). For a patient sustained one or more traumatic injury in a defined diagnostic ICD-10 codes, the inclusion criteria considered as one of the followings: If the patient stayed > 24 hours in the hospital, any death after hospital arrival, any transfer from another hospital during the first 24 hours from injury. Conclusions This study presents how we developed the MDS in order to uniform data reporting in the NTRI and define our inclusion and exclusion criteria for trauma registry. Applying the MDS and the case definition in pilot studies are needed in next steps.

By studying of present situation of universities in Iran, through research regarding students' lives, this article seeks to consider the features of students' professional identity. The professional identity is a social one, made, in relation with other individuals, through practical learning and instruction and professional experiments. For the students, the formally start of a social involvement, coincides with the start of their studies, and the formation of their professional identities will be intensified and reinforced through practical instructions concerning their fields. The method used in this study is qualitative research in the way of grounded theory method. To create the sample, the theoretical method is used and continued to reach saturation stage. The findings, hence, are collected applying the prevalence interview technique for 19 students and group interview for 15 students of University ofMazandaran. The research findings suggest that, the professional identities of the students have two features of scientific and personal identities. The students' scientific identity is formed by the students' tendencies and attitudes, and also their scientific actions and efforts. The personal identity is a perception that student builds up of himself as a scientific actor present at university environment. The development of a professional identity, in addition, is associated with the position of the individual within the community. Hence, the gender, socio-economic status, supports by family and friends, individual's social environment and networks influence on the formation of his professional identity.

Background Arterial damage is sometimes associated with supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Diagnosis and careful management of the fracture and arterial repair is crucial. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and outcome of supracondylar fractures of the humerus with signs and symptoms of limb ischemia, before and after arterial decompression or arterial reconstruction. Materials and methods From September 2004 to July 2010, 225 consecutive patients with supracondylar fracture of the humerus were prospectively recruited. Results From among 75 cases with Gartland type III fractures, 22 were found to have vascular injury.. Of the 22 cases with vascular injury, 7 patients underwent arterial reconstruction. The other 15 received arterial decompression. All patients had a satisfactory outcome. Conclusions A high level of suspicion and careful clinical evaluation leading to an early diagnosis and management of vascular injury accompanying supracondylar fracture is very important to prevent unnecessary sequelae ranging from limb claudication, and compartment syndrome to more severe complications like Volkmann's contracture and even limb loss.

In this study, Copper (Cu) nanostructures (CuNS) were electrochemically deposited on a film of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified pencil graphite electrode (MWCNTs/PGE) by cyclic voltammetry method to fabricate a CuNS-MWCNTs composite sensor (CuNS-MWCNT/PGE) for hydrazine detection. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used for the characterization of CuNS on the MWCNTs matrix. The composite of CuNS-MWCNTs was characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The preliminary studies showed that the proposed sensor have a synergistic electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of hydrazine in phosphate buffer. The catalytic currents of square wave voltammetry had a linear correlation with the hydrazine concentration in the range of 0.1 to 800μM with a low detection limit of 70nM. Moreover, the amperometric oxidation current exhibited a linear correlation with hydrazine concentration in the concentration range of 50-800μM with the detection limit of 4.3μM. The proposed electrode was used for the determination of hydrazine in real samples and the results were promising. Empirical results also indicated that the sensor had good reproducibility, long-term stability, and the response of the sensor to hydrazine was free from interferences. Moreover, the proposed sensor benefits from simple preparation, low cost, outstanding sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility for hydrazine determination.

Agricultural processing industries in rural areas could bring the benefits of efficiency of products, increased employment and reduced agricultural waste. However, the success of the packaging for processing industries in the developing rural economy depends on the choice of the best location for the establishment of related industries. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal location of processing industries - depending on the direction of economic development in rural saffron packaging in the Torbat city. Information was collected in two ways from a library. The population of the study area was in the fields of Torbat city. 19 villages were selected as samples using Cochran formula, 356 households were defined as households in the sample. Then to locate the packaging processing industries for saffron use of index of localization of the human dimension was considered normal. The data collected for analysis was gathered by using questionnaires, and the AHP model and SPSS software package were used. In this regard, the results suggest that the correlation between processing industries - depending on the size of saffron and economic development in the rural fields is based on research. Thus, the best location for saffron processing industries in the region, the villages and Colonel Asad were identified considering the natural conditions and human factors (fertile soil, access roads, etc.).

Palladium nanostructures have been deposited onto the stainless steel electrode by simple electrochemical deposition method in a buffer solution. The morphology of the synthesized Pd nanoparticles is controllable by deposition potentials because the driving force for various crystal growth mechanisms is merely dependent on applied potentials. The deposited Pd nanoparticles at higher applied potentials showed a cauliflower-like morphology with a nanoscale structure and large surface area. Then, an amperometric hydrogen sensor based on Pd nanoparticles can be constructed. This sensor is based on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and can be used at the ambient temperature. It is operated in the three-electrode mode that consists of three electrodes (working, counter and reference) and protonated Nafion membrane as proton conducting solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). The steady-state current response is obtained linearly to the concentrations of hydrogen from 50 to 2000 ppm, when a fixed potential of 0.2V is applied to the sensor. Typical factors that influence the performance of the sensor are analyzed and discussed. The simple and inexpensive hydrogen sensor fabricated shows low LOD (10 ppm, based on S/N = 3), wide linear range (50-2000 ppm) and short response time (10-40 s).