Search

Background: CYP2C9 and VKORC1 are important factors in warfarin metabolism. The authors explored the effects of these genetic polymorphisms and clinical factors on a warfarin maintenance dose and then established the prediction algorithm for Honghe minorities in China. Materials & methods: Quantitative fluorescence PCR determined the mutation frequency of CYP2C9 and VKORC1-1639 G>A alleles. The authors collected the relevant clinical factors, including age, gender, body surface area (BSA), international normalized ratio value, daily warfarin dose, comorbidity and concomitant prescriptions. Results: The mean values of BSA and international normalized ratio in Honghe minorities were lower than in Han Chinese (p = 0.00). The genotype of CYP2C9*1/*1 and VKORC1- 1639 AA was the main allele, the mutationfrequency of VKORC1-1639 AA and the number of male of Honghe minorities were lower than that of Han Chinese (p = 0.013 and p = 0.04). The significances of the effect on actual warfarin dose value were gender, VKORC1 AA mutant, CYP2C9*1/*1, age, hypertension and BSA sequentially. Conclusion: By multiple linear regression analysis with genetic and clinical factors, the authors determined a prediction algorithm for adjusting individual dosing of warfarin in this population. Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2100051778.

ZIF-8 MOFs, with their large specific surface area and void volume, unique biodegradability and pH sensitivity, and significant loading capacity, have been widely used as carrier materials for bioactive molecules such as drugs, vaccines and genes. In these applications, ZIF-8 MOFs are usually delivered intravenously. Therefore, it is necessary to know the interaction between ZIF-8 MOFs and blood components, which from this sense is a key factor affecting their delivery effectiveness and biosafety. However, until now there has been no report on the evaluation of hemocompatibility of ZIF-8 MOFs. The lack of biosafety information of ZIF-8 MOFs seriously impedes their clinical applications. In this work, we studied the biosafety of two different sizes of ZIF-8 MOFs, mainly focusing on their in vivo and in vitro effects on the key components of blood (red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, etc.) and the coagulation function. It was found that, in vitro, a high concentration of ZIF-8 MOFs could induce RBC aggregation and hemolysis, and prolong the coagulation time. In vivo, intravenous administration of 45 mg kg−1 ZIF-8 MOFs significantly disturbed the RBC and platelet-related blood routine indexes, as well as coagulation function indexes, but it did not cause significant abnormalities in blood coagulation and tissue structures (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney).

CaCO

Primary sternal osteomyelitis (PSO) caused by Salmonella is a rare condition and most commonly associated with sickle cell disease. Only one such case has been previously reported in an infant (age

Primary sternal osteomyelitis (PSO) caused by Salmonella is a rare condition and most commonly associated with sickle cell disease. Only one such case has been previously reported in an infant (age

CaCO3particles, due to their unique properties such as biodegradation, pH-sensitivity, and porous surface, have been widely used as carrier materials for delivering drugs, genes, vaccines, and other bioactive molecules. In these applications, CaCO3particles are often administered intravenously. In this sense, the interaction between CaCO3particles and blood components plays a key role in their delivery efficacy and biosafety, though the hemocompatibility of CaCO3particles has not been evaluated until now. Deficiency in the biosafety information has delayed the clinical use of CaCO3particles in delivery systems. In this work, we investigated the biosafety of CaCO3particles, focusing on theirin vitroandin vivoeffects on key blood components (red blood cells, platelets, etc) and coagulation functions. We foundin vitrothat high concentrations of CaCO3particles can cause the aggregation and hemolysis of red blood cells, with platelet activation and coagulation prolongation.In vivo, we found that intravenously injected CaCO3particles at 50 mg kg-1significantly disturbed the red blood cells, and platelet-related blood routine indexes, but did not induce visible abnormalities in the tissue structures of the key organs. Overall, these effects may be due to the enormous adsorption capability of the porous surface of CaCO3particles. 0.1 mg ml-1of the CaCO3particles exhibit excellent compatibility for their practical applications. These results would be expected to greatly promote thein vivoapplications and clinical use of CaCO3particles in biomedicine.