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Low-grade thyroid-like nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor characterized by morphologic analogy to papillary thyroid carcinoma and aberrant thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression. To date, a limited number of cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 20-year-old Chinese male patient with complaints of headaches and nosebleeds for 5 months. The histopathologic examination showed thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma that was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. The patient was treated with macroscopic complete resection without adjuvant therapy. The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical and pathologic features of the disease are summarized. In addition, we summarize the treatments used previously. In general, TL-LGNPPA is a very rare low-grade adenocarcinoma with aberrant expression of TTF-1, and its diagnosis depends on morphology and immunophenotype. The prognosis is good.

Yanyang Liu,* Li Wang,* Jiewei Liu, Xiaoxiao Xie, Haoyue Hu, Feng Luo Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Feng Luo Email hxluofeng@163.comPurpose: ACT001 is a novel sesquiterpene lactone derivative with anticancer effects, including the reversal of tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. However, few studies have investigated the anticancer effects of ACT001 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ACT001 on TNBC and the potential mechanism underlying these effects.Materials and Methods: The anticancer effects of ACT001 on the murine TNBC cell line 4T1 were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, animal experiments, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting analysis.Results: ACT001 induced apoptosis in 4T1 cells by upregulating B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein expression. Moreover, ACT001 markedly decreased levels of secretory granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 4T1 tumors, decreased the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and reduced angiogenesis. Furthermore, GM-CSF promoted angiogenesis and the proliferation of MDSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, ACT001 suppressed phospho-NF-κB and IκB-α levels in 4T1 cells, thereby further decreasing GM-CSF levels.Conclusion: Our results suggest that ACT001 exerts its anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis in murine TNBC cell line 4T1 and regulates the tumor microenvironment by attenuating angiogenesis and accumulation of MDSCs in 4T1 tumors. The underlying mechanism may involve the suppression of NF-κB activity.Keywords: ACT001, triple-negative breast cancer, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, angiogenesis, NF-κB

Haoyue Hu,1,* Yanyang Liu,1,* Songtao Tan,1,* Xiao Xiao Xie,1 Jun He,1,2 Feng Luo,1 Li Wang1 1Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Feng Luo; Li WangLung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail hxyyluofeng@sina.com; wangli37029192@sina.comBackground: With a high frequency of 30%, KRAS mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often lead to their poor response to most anti-cancer therapies. As a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Anlotinib shows clinical efficacy against several types of cancer. However, its effects on KRAS mutant NSCLC and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Materials and Methods: Cell counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, wound healing scratch assay, Transwell assay and xenograft mouse model were used to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of Anlotinib. The potential molecular mechanisms were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting.Results: Anlotinib inhibited proliferation of KRAS mutant lung cancer cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the migration and invasion abilities of these cells were also decreased after treatment with Anlotinib. It significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo and prolonged the survival of the xenograft-bearing mice, which correlated to lower expression levels of Ki67 in the tumor tissues. Mechanistically, Anlotinib downregulated MEK and ERK as well as their phosphorylated forms in the KRAS mutant lung cancer cells.Conclusion: Anlotinib inhibits the growth of KRAS mutant lung cancer cells partly via the suppression of the MEK/ERK pathway. Our findings provide novel insights into treating recalcitrant KRAS mutated NSCLC.Keywords: Anlotinib, KRAS-mutated, lung cancer, signal pathways

Rationale: Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung (FLAC) with fetal lung-like morphology is a rare entity of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma (WDFA) belongs to its the low-grade form, which possesses a relatively favorable prognosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is an aggressive infectious disease that has been ranked as one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. There may be a connection between the 2 and attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis. Patient concerns: A 28-year-old non-smoking female was admitted with signs of hemoptysis, and she had been coughing up phlegm for 5 years. The patient was previously diagnosed with TB in another hospital, and underwent an anti-TB regimen. Diagnosis: The co-existence of WDFA and TB was confirmed via histopathological evaluation of postoperative samples. Interventions: The patient was subjected to a right lower lobectomy together with a wedge resection of the right upper lobe using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, with systemic lymphadenectomy. Outcomes: The patient tolerated the surgical procedure well and underwent an uneventful postoperative course. Lessons: To our knowledge, no previous reports exist of cases with WDFA accompanied by TB. The present case indicated that a prior diagnosis of TB might predispose to lung cancer regardless of smoking history. It is also essential to distinguish WDFA from TB because of the similarity in clinical features and sites of pathological changes. Patients with WDFA usually have a better prognosis and surgery is the preferred treatment.

Deep penetration laser welding is a preferred joining technique in industry due to high welding speeds and flexibility regarding material and geometry. In deep penetration laser welding, the high intensity of the laser irradiation causes a part of the material to evaporate instantaneously such that a vapor-filled capillary is formed within a few milliseconds. To simulate this laser welding process, the meshless Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is applied. For accurate modeling of the laser-material interaction, the SPH simulation is coupled with a ray-tracing scheme. Using this co-simulation technique, the geometry of the capillary is tracked throughout the welding simulation to gain additional insights. The developed model is able to capture the characteristics of the welding process independently from material and process parameters. An advantage of the simulations compared to experiments is that further values like the absorbed power or intensity distribution at the surface of the material can be continuously obtained. Moreover, the SPH model provides a good estimation for the dimensions of the weld pool. This is demonstrated by means of welding examples with an oscillating laser beam. Therefore, SPH in combination with a ray-tracing scheme is a suitable method for the process simulation of deep penetration laser welding and a valuable tool for finding optimal process parameters, e.g. optimal trajectories for the laser beam to affect the resulting weld to a desired shape.