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This study investigated the effects of Sc and Zr additions, friction stir processing (FSP), and subsequent solid solution and artificial aging (T6) treatment on the microstructure, damping capacity, and mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy. The minor Sc and Zr additions promoted the grain refinement of this alloy during FSP and inhibited the growth of fine equiaxed grains in the FSP sample during subsequent T6 treatment. Thus, the fine equiaxed grain structure and high density of the η′ precipitated phase were simultaneously obtained in the 7075 Al alloy containing Sc and Zr after FSP and T6 treatment, and this sample exhibited superior mechanical properties and damping capacity to those of the 7075 Al alloy after T6 treatment. This work provides an effective strategy for preparing Al alloys with excellent damping capacity and mechanical properties.

In this paper, viscoelastic materials are used to attenuate vibration for the optical remote sensor and satellite base. Flexible-base single-degree-of-freedom vibration attenuate system model is built considering that the satellite base is not rigid. The transfer ratio of the vibration damping system when the satellite platform foundation is non-rigid is obtained by using the four-terminal parameter method and the mechanical impedance method. Furthermore, the effects of mass ratio, fundamental frequency ratio, basic damping ratio and damper damping ratio on the vibration attenuate efficiency are discussed. According to the properties of integrated space optical remote sensor and satellite base, the optimum parameter combination between damping ratio and vibration attenuate efficiency is obtained. The design schemes of the viscoelastic material damper are refined using the simulation analysis results.

目的 研究骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者有核红细胞的自噬水平。 方法 54例MDS患者为实验组，对照组33例。采用透射电镜观察自噬过程，流式细胞术检测骨髓细胞中GlycoA+有核红细胞自噬相关蛋白微管相关蛋白轻链3B（LC3B）的表达水平，Real-time PCR法检测GlycoA+有核红细胞自噬相关基因AMPK、ULK1和mTOR mRNA的表达，Western blot法检测GlycoA+有核红细胞线粒体外膜蛋白TOM20的表达。 结果 MDS患者有核红细胞中不易观察到自噬体及自噬溶酶体。相对高危组MDS患者有核红细胞LC3B表达（0.22±0.12）显著低于对照组（0.43±0.22，P

To investigate some important issues for diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), such as standardized pre-operative assessment, initial pressure value of diverter pump, and pressure regulation during follow-up.Twenty six iNPH patients (21 males) who treated in Department of Neurosurgery of 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The average age was 60.5 year. The analysis focused on the treatment process of iNPH, initial pressure value of diverter pump, choice of diverter pump, and pressure regulation during follow-up.As a result, 24 cases (92.3%) had a good prognosis based on their imaging and clinical manifestations. Based on the literature and their clinical experiences, this department established a diagnosis and treatment procedure of iNPH and a pressure regulation procedure for the follow-up of iNPH. Moreover, it is proposed that choosing an anti-gravity diverter pump and making an initial pressure value 20 mmH2O less than pre-surgical cerebrospinal pressure may be beneficial for the prognosis.This standardized diagnosis and treatment procedure for iNPH is practical and effective.

The Daya Bay experiment consists of functionally identical antineutrino detectors immersed in pools of ultrapure water in three well-separated underground experimental halls near two nuclear reactor complexes. These pools serve both as shields against natural, low-energy radiation, and as water Cherenkov detectors that efficiently detect cosmic muons using arrays of photomultiplier tubes. Each pool is covered by a plane of resistive plate chambers as an additional means of detecting muons. Design, construction, operation, and performance of these muon detectors are described., Comment: 13 pages, 22 figures, to appear as NIM-A 773 (2015) 8-20

Though unidirectional, short, and laminated hybrid composites have been extensively investigated because of their wider range of properties than non-hybrid composites, literature on three-dimensional (3-D) braided hybrid composites is very limited. In this work, Kevlar fibers were hybridized to carbon fibers to prepare 3-D carbon/Kevlar/epoxy composites with various carbon to Kevlar fiber volume ratios in an attempt to find alternative materials for osteosynthesis devices. The flexural, shear, and impact properties of the 3-D braided hybrid composites were measured in order to investigate the effect of carbon to Kevlar ratio and evaluate hybrid effects. In addition, residual flexural strength was tested for the impacted samples and the damage tolerance was assessed. Our experimental results revealed the existence of positive hybrid effects on the shear and flexural strengths flexural strain for the 3-D braided composites. The absorbed energy and flexural strength retention of the 3-D braided hybrid composites were found to decrease with relative carbon fiber content. It was shown that hybridizing ductile 3-D braided Kevlar fabric with stiff carbon fabric could result in the hybrid composites with flexural strength comparable to the all-carbon composite and impact damage tolerance superior to the all-Kevlar composite.

A new measurement of the θ_(13) mixing angle has been obtained at the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment via the detection of inverse beta decays tagged by neutron capture on hydrogen. The antineutrino events for hydrogen capture are distinct from those for gadolinium capture with largely different systematic uncertainties, allowing a determination independent of the gadolinium-capture result and an improvement on the precision of the θ_(13) measurement. With a 217-day antineutrino data set obtained with six antineutrino detectors and from six 2.9 GW_(th) reactors, the rate deficit observed at the far hall is interpreted as sin^2 2θ_(13) = 0.083±0.018 in the three-flavor oscillation model. When combined with the gadolinium-capture result from Daya Bay, we obtain sin^2 2θ_(13) = 0.089±0.008 as the final result for the six-antineutrino-detector configuration of the Daya Bay experiment.

A measurement of the energy dependence of antineutrino disappearance at the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment is reported. Electron antineutrinos ($\overline{\nu}_{e}$) from six $2.9$ GW$_{\rm th}$ reactors were detected with six detectors deployed in two near (effective baselines 512 m and 561 m) and one far (1579 m) underground experimental halls. Using 217 days of data, 41589 (203809 and 92912) antineutrino candidates were detected in the far hall (near halls). An improved measurement of the oscillation amplitude $\sin^{2}2\theta_{13} = 0.090^{+0.008}_{-0.009} $ and the first direct measurement of the $\overline{\nu}_{e}$ mass-squared difference $|\Delta m^{2}_{ee}|= (2.59_{-0.20}^{+0.19}) \times 10^{-3}\ {\rm eV}^2 $ is obtained using the observed $\overline{\nu}_{e}$ rates and energy spectra in a three-neutrino framework. This value of $|\Delta m^{2}_{ee}|$ is consistent with $|\Delta m^{2}_{\mu\mu}|$ measured by muon neutrino disappearance, supporting the three-flavor oscillation model., Comment: As accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. Lett. including ancillary table

A search for light sterile neutrino mixing was performed with the first 217 days of data from the Daya Bay Reactor Antineutrino Experiment. The experiment's unique configuration of multiple baselines from six 2.9~GW$_{\rm th}$ nuclear reactors to six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (effective baselines 512~m and 561~m) and one far (1579~m) underground experimental halls makes it possible to test for oscillations to a fourth (sterile) neutrino in the $10^{\rm -3}~{\rm eV}^{2} < |\Delta m_{41}^{2}| < 0.3~{\rm eV}^{2}$ range. The relative spectral distortion due to electron antineutrino disappearance was found to be consistent with that of the three-flavor oscillation model. The derived limits on $\sin^22\theta_{14}$ cover the $10^{-3}~{\rm eV}^{2} \lesssim |\Delta m^{2}_{41}| \lesssim 0.1~{\rm eV}^{2}$ region, which was largely unexplored., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

A new photosensitive negative-tone inorganic-organic hybrid SiO2/TiO2 glass is investigated for fabrication of microoptical elements. The sol-gel material enjoys an advantage over the conventional photoresist-based fabrication techniques due to its single-step process without etching. The application of the high-energy beam-sensitive (HEBS) mask in the process provides a reliable and simple method for three-dimensional microoptical fabrications in a single UV exposure. The technique using the \mbox{sol-gel} material with the HEBS grey-scale mask has considerable potential for low-cost mass production of complex, multilevel, diffractive optical elements and microoptical structures.

Sinusitis is a common health complaint and expenditures for its treatment are high; thus, it is necessary to promote efficient practice behaviours in managing patient care. This study compares resource utilization between primary care physicians and specialists in the treatment of Medicaid sinusitis patients in Virginia. Physician-level data from Virginia Medicaid claim files for 1993 were analysed. The efficiency frontier, representing the best achievable performance in the use of resources for treating sinusitis, is identified using Data Envelopment Analysis. Resource utilization (primary care physician visits, specialist visits, emergency room usage, prescriptions and laboratory tests) and corresponding costs are compared between generalists and otolaryngologists. It was concluded from this study that there are no discernible differences in technical efficiency between generalists and specialists in the treatment of sinusitis. Nevertheless, otolaryngologists are found to be more costly than generalists in treating sinusitis. Variation in both caseload and patient mix might explain variation in use of resources.

The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has measured a non-zero value for the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.9 GW$_{\rm th}$ reactors were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baseline 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. With a 43,000 ton-GW_{\rm th}-day livetime exposure in 55 days, 10416 (80376) electron antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to expected number of antineutrinos at the far hall is $R=0.940\pm 0.011({\rm stat}) \pm 0.004({\rm syst})$. A rate-only analysis finds $\sin^22\theta_{13}=0.092\pm 0.016({\rm stat})\pm0.005({\rm syst})$ in a three-neutrino framework., Comment: 5 figures. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment is designed to determine precisely the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ with a sensitivity better than 0.01 in the parameter sin$^22\theta_{13}$ at the 90% confidence level. To achieve this goal, the collaboration will build eight functionally identical antineutrino detectors. The first two detectors have been constructed, installed and commissioned in Experimental Hall 1, with steady data-taking beginning September 23, 2011. A comparison of the data collected over the subsequent three months indicates that the detectors are functionally identical, and that detector-related systematic uncertainties exceed requirements., Comment: 24 pages, 36 figures

An examination of the physician efficiency and resulting cost patterns by region.Virginia Medicaid sinusitis related claims for 1993 were aggregated to physician level (n = 178), and Area Resources File for 1993 was used to identify regions for evaluation.The best practice performance in the usage of five resources (i.e., primary care physician visits, referral services, emergency room visits, prescriptions, laboratory tests) was identified using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Five regions in Virginia were identified according to regional planning to evaluate the variation in efficiency across these regions.Inefficient physicians consumed significantly more resources and were 48% more costly than efficient physicians. Substantial regional variation was found and mainly attributed to the differences in use of prescriptions and laboratory procedures. Urban-rural discrepancy may explain part of the variation.As this study reveals the existence of substantial variation in physician efficiency, actions should be taken to minimize the variation that is more affected by personal and structural factors. For example, information on efficient use of resources and corresponding patient outcomes can be disseminated to the attending physicians. Educational workshops can be conducted to allow sharing of experience between efficient and inefficient physicians. Efforts should also be directed to help inefficient physicians to adhere to practice guidelines.

This paper identifies all the steady-state operational modes of a series-loaded resonant DC-DC power converter (SRC) in below-resonance operation, taking into account the coupling quality of the isolating transformer. A novel operational plane is defined, and ten operational modes are identified in this plane. Borders between neighboring domains of these operational modes are analytically defined. Results are given in normalized form and experimentally verified.

We have isolated low-density, nonadherent, nonphagocytic, HLA-DR+ve cells with the morphology of dendritic cells (DCs) from the cord blood of full-term newborn infants. Relative to adult DCs, cord blood DCs were poor stimulators of the mixed leukocyte reaction when either adult or cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) or T lymphocytes were used as responder cells. In contrast, cord blood T cells and MNCs responded normally to allogeneic adult DCs. Cord blood DCs performed poorly as accessory cells for T-lymphocyte mitogenic responses at suboptimal concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin A or at optimal concentrations of mitogen and low numbers of DCs. Addition of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) or recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) to cord blood DC-T-cell cultures containing a suboptimal concentration of Con A potentiated the proliferative response. In contrast, rIL-2 and rIFN-gamma exerted little effect on the proliferative response of adult T cells cultured with Con A and DCs. Flow cytometric studies showed that levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I HLA-ABC and class II HLA-DR antigens on cord blood DCs were significantly lower than those on adult blood DCs. These findings suggest that the relative inefficiency of cord blood DCs in the activation of T cells may be related to their low cell surface expression of MHC and cell adhesion molecules. The demonstrated impairment of cord blood DC function could be of importance in understanding the immunologic relationship between the fetus and mother and could contribute to the susceptibility of newborns to infection.

NIH mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae for 3, 7, 14, 21 or 35 d were treated ig either with arteether or artemether at the daily dose of 100-200 mg.kg-1 for 2 d, the efficacy produced by both drugs was similar. The d 7 schistosomules and d 35 adult worms were more susceptible to arteether or artemether with respective worm reduction rates of 77.5%-87.2% and 51.7%-61.3%. Histological and histochemical studies showed that d 7 and d 35 schistosomes, harbored in mice treated with arteether 300 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 2 d appeared in cloudy swelling and vesiculation in the tegument, distension of intestine, apparent decrease or even disappearance of glycogen and inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity in the tegument and parenchymal tissues, as well as formation of dead worm granuloma.

Mice infected with 100 and 50 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae for 7 and 35 d respectively were treated with im artemether 100 mg.kg-1.d-1 or arteether 100 and 300 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 2 d. The mice were killed at different intervals within 28 d after medication and the livers were sectioned for histological and histochemical observations. The results showed that both artemether and arteether caused degeneration in the tegument, intestine and genital gland of the hepatic-shifted worms. The glycogen content and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity of schistosomula and adult worms decreased 7 d after treatment, especially remarkable in arteether 300 mg.kg-1.d-1 group.

Seventy-two type II diabetic subjects were given Konjac food for 65 days. The data analyzed by multiple F test indicate that the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG) on the 30th and the 65th days after the food was ingested were significantly reduced (P = 0.001, P less than 0.001, respectively), as was the glycosylated hemoglobin level at the end of the trial (P less than 0.05). The final FBG and PBG of the subjects with initial FBG-O greater than 200 mg% decreased on the average by 51.8 and 84.6 mg%, respectively; those with FBG-O 150-200 mg% decreased by 24.1 and 68.7 mg%; and those with FBG-O less than 150 mg% decreased by 4.8 and 21.4 mg%. No significant changes in blood lipid indexes were observed, except that the triglyceride values of subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (greater than 200 mg%) significantly decreased by 118.7 mg%. It was concluded that Konjac food is very useful in the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia.

The dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect Cysticercus cellulosae antibodies in sera of patients with neurocysticercosis. Among 108 confirmed cases of neurocysticercosis 81.6-96.1% showed positive reactions. Two out of 54 normal control sera reacted at a serum dilution of 1:20, but none at a 1:40 (range 40-640). No cross reactions were observed with sera from cases of paragonimiasis and clonorchiasis, but it did occur to some extent with sera from cases of echinococcosis and cerebrovascular diseases. The results indicated that the dot-ELISA was sensitive, specific and economic for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis.

Size and location of Pt particles in Y zeolites largely depend on the conditions of calcination following ion exchange. Besides destroying NH 3 ligands, calcination promotes migration of Pt ions from supercages to sodalite cages. The calcination temperature thus determines whether all, some, or none of the Pt ions remain in the supercages. In the first case, subsequent reduction results in small Pt clusters in supercages. Large Pt particles are, however, formed at the external surface, if all Pt ions were located in sodalite cages. If Pt ions are present in comparable quantities in both types of cages, those located in the supercages are reduced at low temperature and act as nucleation sites for the Pt atoms leaving the sodalite cages at higher temperature. By filling sodalite cages with auxiliary ions of other transition elements, the migration of Pt ions such cages can be suppressed; and a higher platinum dispersion is obtained after reduction.

Mono- and multimetallic Ni/NaY samples have been studied by static and dynamic techniques. The reducibility of Ni is dramatically enhanced by Pt clusters in supercages and by Mn ions blocking small zeolite cages. No H2 is trapped by NaY, but for Ni/NaY, NiPt/NaY, or NiPtMn/NaY more H2 is released in temperature programmed “desorption” (TPD) than can be adsorbed at 25 °C. Two phenomena are responsible for the apparent discrepancy between ad- and desorption: (1) Ni inside small cages can ad- and desorb hydrogen only when cage windows are widened by thermal vibration to permit passage of H2. (2) Above 500 °C the original reduction process Ni2+ + H2 = Ni0 + 2H+ is reversed, i.e. Ni atoms are oxidized by hydroxyl groups. This is confirmed by the H2 consumption in subsequent reduction. The high-temperature TPD feature can be used to estimate the amount of reduced Ni that is located in small cages.

Size and location of Pt particles in Y zeolites largely depend on the conditions of calcination following ion exchange. Besides destroying NH 3 ligands, calcination promotes migration of Pt ions from supercages to sodalite cages. The calcination temperature thus determines whether all, some, or none of the Pt ions remain in the supercages. In the first case, subsequent reduction results in small Pt clusters in supercages. Large Pt particles are, however, formed at the external surface, if all Pt ions were located in sodalite cages. If Pt ions are present in comparable quantities in both types of cages, those located in the supercages are reduced at low temperature and act as nucleation sites for the Pt atoms leaving the sodalite cages at higher temperature. By filling sodalite cages with auxiliary ions of other transition elements, the migration of Pt ions such cages can be suppressed; and a higher platinum dispersion is obtained after reduction.