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Aim. Assessment of the state of compensatory resources and the degree of adaptation of the body to environmental conditions in early and full-term infants in comparison with each other and with practically healthy children. Materials and methods. Under the supervision of 135 infants. 110 were born from mothers with a burdened somatic and obstetric-gynecological history, 41 of them were born at 3738 weeks (Group 1), 69 at 3942 weeks (Group 2). The control group (Group 3) consisted of 25 practically healthy children born to practically healthy mothers as a result of physiological pregnancies and childbirth at 3840 weeks. The children were examined in dynamics at the age of 1 (n=126), 3 (n=116), 6 (n=110), 12 (n=111) months. A comprehensive analysis of the data of anamnesis, physical examination, cardiointervalography was carried out. The following parameters were evaluated initially and in response to the tilt test: mode (М0), mode amplitude (AM0), delta x (∆Х), voltage index (IN). Nonparametric methods of statistical analysis were used. Results. At the age of 2 to 3 days infants born to women with a history of poor health recorded a significant decrease in the median IN1 value, respectively, in Groups 1, 2, and 3, which indicates a decrease in compensatory reserves, particularly in neonates born at 3840 weeks. At 1 month of age, Group 1 and 2 had higher median IN1 values of 804 and 746 versus 550 in Group 3, indicating the development of compensatory resource tension, particularly in children born at 3738 weeks. At 3 months of age, children in group 1 retained a compensatory tension of IN1 resources 521 versus 468 and 460 in groups 2 and 3. At 6 months of age, there is a slight decrease in compensatory IN1 reservers at 6 months of age in children from women with a history of a history of a history of a history of a disease 376 and 357 versus 400 in Group 3. At 12 months of age, children in the main groups have even more decreased compensatory resources, especially in group 1 IN1 206, 284 and 380 respectively in groups 1, 2 and 3. Conclusion. The decrease of functional reserve of adaptation in children of groups 1st and 2nd was facilitated by the influence burdened with somatic and obstetric-gynecological history of mothers, regardless of gestational age and subsequently the health characteristics of children themselves. The statistically significant differences found in the state of compensatory resources and the degree of adaptation of the organism to environmental conditions justify the personalized approach, which justifies a personalized approach when choosing rehabilitation measures.

Introduction. The family forms the habitus of the child's health-preserving behavior: the presence or absence of bad habits, involvement in sports, food preferences, and the attitude to disease prevention. The article, based on the conducted research, identifies the dependence of various parameters of the health of school-age children on the socio-biological well-being of the family, its lifestyle, life support conditions that contribute to the implementation of family health-preserving practices. Materials and Methods. The research materials used were the data from a survey conducted in 2019 by the Center for Family and Demography Center of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences among parents of students of lyceums, grammar schools, and general education schools, including those with in-depth study of specific subjects (city of Kazan, Arsk and Chistopol municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan). The total population of parents of students was 433,706 people, the selection was 325 people. The value, social activity, and generation approaches within the sociological discourse on health issues are aimed at identifying the social determinants of various parameters of adolescent health and their health preservation habitus. Results. The study has identified a number of factors that determine the lifestyle of modern schoolchildren and have a negative impact on their health in the context of significant academic loads, intensification of the educational process, and involvement in intense extra-curricular activities: non-compliance with age regulations of the daily routine; low motor activity; unsatisfactory organization and deterioration of the quality of nutrition in the family; habitus of parents’ behavior, not focused on health preservation. Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research provides scientific substantiation of and emphasizes the need for measures aimed at increasing physical activity and healthy nutrition of both younger and older schoolchildren in the context of the demographic crisis. Practical application of the conclusions drawn in this study involves formulation of proposals for improving the effectiveness of managerial decisions taken by ministries and departments of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Aim. Assessment of electrocardiographic indicators in infants born on time with delayed intrauterine growth and mild development. Materials and methods. Under the supervision of 164 infants. From mothers with an aggravated somatic and obstetric-gynecological history, 139 children were born: 71 (gr. 1) with delayed intrauterine growth and development of mild severity, 68 (gr. 2) without delayed intrauterine growth and development. The control group (gr. 3) consisted of 25 practically healthy children born to practically healthy mothers. All children were born full-time. They were examined in dynamics at the age of 1 (n=154), 3 (n=142), 6 (n=133), 12 (n=130) months. A comprehensive analysis of the data of history, physical examination, electrocardiography was carried out. There was no medical intervention. The duration of the study is 3 years. Heart rate, incidence of early ventricular repolarization syndrome and nonspecific disorders of the repolarization process were evaluated; in the II standard retraction, morphology, amplitude in millimeters and width in seconds of the tooth P; duration in seconds of PQ interval (PR), QRS complex and QT interval; morphology, amplitude in millimeters of tooth T. Non-parametric methods of statistical analysis were used. Results. The median amplitude of the tooth P on day 23 in children of subgr. 1b, compared with children of gr. 3, is 0.2 mm less; 1 month in children of gp. 1 (1b), compared with children of gp. 3, less by 0.1 mm; at 3 months in children of subgp. 1a, compared with children of subgp. 1b, less by 0.35 mm, in children of subgp. 1b, compared with children of gp. 3, more by 0.2 mm; at 6 months in children of gp. 1 (1a and 1b), compared with children of gr. 3, more by 0.2 mm; at 12 months in children of subgp. 1a, compared with children of subgp. 1b, less by 0.2 mm, in children of subgp. 1b, compared with children of gr. 2, more by 0.2 mm, in children of gp. 1 (1a), compared with children of gr. 3, less by 0.2 (0.5) mm, and, compared with children of gr. 3, less by 0.2 mm. From 3 to 6 months increased in children of subgp. 1a by 0.35 mm. In children of gp. 1st (1a), a slowdown from 23 days to 1 month of intradermal conduction by 0.01 s, from 1 to 3 months of intraventricular conduction by 0.01 s, from 3 to 6 months of intradermal conduction by 0.01 s. Electrical systole in children of gr. 1 slowed from 1 to 3 and from 3 to 6 months by 0.01 s; in children of subgp. 1a from 1 to 3 months increased by 0.01 s, from 3 to 6 months decreased by 0.01 s, from 6 to 12 months increased by 0.01 s. Median tooth amplitude T on 23 days, 1 month in children of gp. 1 (1a and 1b), compared to children of gr. 3, more by 0.4 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively; at 3 months in children of subgp. 1a, compared with children of subgp. 1b, less by 0.35 mm, and, compared with children of gr. 2, less by 0.2 mm, in children of subgp. 1b, compared with children of gr. 2 more by 0.15 mm, in children of gp. 1 (1b), compared with children of gr. 3, more by 0.3 (0.45) mm; at 12 months in children of subgp. 1b, compared with children of gr. 2, more by 0.4 mm, in children of gp. 1 (1a), compared with children of gp. 3, less by 0.3 mm. From 23 days to 1 month in children of gp. 1 (1a) increased by 0.8 mm. Conclusion. Certain peculiarities of electrocardiogram in dynamics of growth and development of the organism of infants born on time with delay of intrauterine growth and development of mild severity related to volume overload of atrium, enlargement of interventricular septum, hypoxia, sympathetic activity, requiring corrective events are revealed.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nootropics on vegetal disbalance and psychological status in child athletes.

A significant increase in human papillomavirus-associated cervical oncological diseases, a high rate of recurrence of the process (4862.4%) after surgical treatment, changes in the local immune microenvironment in cervical biopsy specimens with (HSIL) created the prerequisites for studying the clinical efficacy of local immunocorrection in complex HSIL therapy. Aim. To study the clinical efficacy of local immunocorrection of azoximer with bromide in the complex therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias. Materials and methods. Examination and treatment of 40 patients with HSIL was carried out. The study of the effectiveness of azoximer bromide in complex therapy in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias of a high degree of oncogenic risk was carried out on the basis of an immunohistochemical study of cervicobioptates to markers CD3, CD56, CD20, CD138, M-CSF. Results and discussion. It was revealed that cervical intraepithelial neoplasias of a high degree of oncogenic risk are accompanied by changes in the local immune microenvironment in the epithelium and stroma of neoplastic altered tissues, which may contribute to the development of neoplasia progression. The inclusion of a local immunomodulator azoximer bromide in the complex therapy helped to reduce the recurrence of the process by 2 times, the elimination of the human papillomavirus by 3.5 times relative to the comparison group. Conclusion. 1. In cervico-biopsy specimens of patients with HSIL, there is an increase in the proportion of cells with expression of receptors CD20, CD3, CD138 (in stromal cells) and a decrease in epithelial infiltration with M-CSF, which indicates significant changes in immune homeostasis in cells of the affected epithelium. Based on the results obtained, at the stage of preparation for surgical treatment of patients with HSIL, it is advisable to include local immunocorrection to improve the outcome of therapy. 2. The inclusion of a local immunomodulator azoximer bromide in the complex therapy helped to reduce the recurrence of the process by 2 times, the elimination of the human papillomavirus by 3.5 times, which dictates the need for complex immunomodulation in the treatment of HSIL at the stage of preparation for surgery.

In chronic infections caused by retroviruses, "antigen antibody" immune complexes (AAC) appear in body fluids. In the course of the studies to clarify the structure of the AAC we proved that immune complexes in cattle leukemia could contain the virus's viral DNA. The role of circulating immune complexes in the pathogenesis of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is not sufficiently studied. AAC containing the viral DNA may be formed during the death of infected B-lymphocytes by linking non-invasive viral DNA to surface IgMs with high DNA affinity. Determining the appearance of AAC with the viral DNA in biological fluids depending on the stages of the infectious process is an important criterion in antileukemia measures. The article describes the results of research to determine circulating immune complexes containing the provirus DNA in the milk of cows infected with BLV as compared with hematological changes at different stages of the infection process. It is reported that the viral DNA in the AAC of the milk of cows infected with BLV is detected much earlier than hematological changes that allow to consider them leukemia patients. Of the 12 cows studied, by the end of the experiment, six cows had AAC containing the viral DNA in their milk samples. And only one cow with the detection of the viral DNA in the AAC of milk showed parallel hematological changes typical for leukemia. The use of milk samples for molecular genetic analysis to identify BLV in AAC is quite a promising area for assessing the epizootic situation on farms and is very informative in determining the animal status.

The object of the research is 1988–1996 propaganda documents of the all-Tatar public center, Committee "Sovereignty,” and Tatar party of national independence “Ittifak” stored in the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan. The subject of the research is the texts’ intentional structure, peculiarities of categorical apparatus, system of images, metaphors and other linguistic means and ways of constructing historical memory in order to influence the political consciousness of the electorate. The authors use methods of content and intent analysis. The predominance of verbs in most texts allows the authors to study the structure of intentional blocks of documents regarding the categories of “we,” “they,” “third party,” and “situation” (in temporal categories of past, present, and future). Interpretation of the intent analysis results is confirmed by the results of content analysis of the documents sample. The quantitative ratio of descriptors reveals the key designations of the categories “we” – “they.” There is a predominance of political metaphorical models of “way,” “confrontation,” “family.” The study of evaluative judgments on the future “way” of the Republic enables to reveal a shift in using methods of argumentation from statements of “fair federalism,” “union status” in the memoranda and open letters of 1989 to “sovereign state” in 1990–1996. National associations broadcast historical traumas by using metaphors for struggling with “second-class status” of the Republic within the USSR, historical continuity of statehood of Tatarstan, Volga Bulgaria, Golden Horde, Kazan khanate, need to revive the Tatar statehood. The use of non-preferential descriptors serve the intention of shifting “historical responsibility” for the loss of statehood to the federal center (as successor of the Russian Empire) and of justifying the policy of sovereignty of Tatarstan.

The complex (multiple) corpus of Turkisms that is described in this article is the result of a long-standing study of the Turkic layer of Russian vocabulary, which has been formed in a multicultural language environment. The data obtained during analyzing the Turkic lexical elements from ten academic explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, published within the period from the 18th century till the 21st century, have been involved. A large number of lexicographic parameters in dictionaries of this type make it possible to create an adequate picture of the functioning of lexical units in the Russian literary language. The study uses descriptive, comparative-contrastive and statistical methods. The article fixes various shifts and changes associated with the functioning of the Turkic vocabulary layer during the period under consideration, in particular phonetic-graphic, grammatical, semantic, functional-stylistic changes. In addition, it analyzes the methods of lexicography (dictionary fixation) of loan words, for example, the features of the historical and etymological description of the Turkisms, which, in turn, enables to reveal various inaccuracies and inconsistencies relating to the dictionary description of Turkic words. In addition, the article discloses the advantages of a complex fund of Turkic borrowings of the Russian language, outlines the prospects and possibilities for its use. The information resource being created allows to fix and generalize the changes, characteristic of this circle of loan words of the Russian language.

In Russia, initiatives for healthy ageing have been growing over the last two decades, however, none use an evidence-based (EB) approach. It is proposed that Kazan, a city with a population of over a million in the European part of Russia, has good chances of moving towards age-friendliness and contributing to raising awareness about healthy ageing through Cochrane evidence. One of the eight essential features of age-friendly cities by the World Health Organisation (WHO) directly points to health services. This exploratory study assesses the health information needs of the ageing population of Kazan and the challenges people face in improving their health and longevity. Survey data were used from 134 participants, patients, caregivers and healthcare providers of the Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Centre (ICDC), aged from 30 to over 80 years, and potential associations of the studied parameters with age, gender, quality of life and other characteristics were analysed. Older people (60+) were less positive about their quality of life, took medicines more often on a daily basis (10/16 compared to 29/117 of people under 60), encountered problems with ageing (9/16 compared to 21/117 of people under 60) and rated their quality of life as unsatisfactory (4/14 compared to 9/107 of people under 60). Awareness of EB approaches and Cochrane was higher within health professions (evidence-based medicine: 42/86 vs. 13/48, Cochrane: 32/86 vs. 2/48), and health information needs did not differ between age or gender groups or people with a satisfactory and unsatisfactory quality of life. The minority (10%&mdash, 13/134) were aware of ageism without age or gender differences. The low awareness calls for the need of Cochrane intervention both for consumers and those in the health profession to raise awareness to contribute to Kazan moving towards an age-friendly city.

There is a need to systematize the information represented by dictionaries in modern bilingual linguography. The microstructure of bilingual (Russian-Tatar, Tatar-Russian) dictionaries is analyzed in the article. The object of the study was more than 200 language reference books (1951-2015) published in Russia.The following system of concepts is considered as a dictionary microstructure: a dictionary entry, a header unit, a phonetic characteristic, a grammatical characteristic, a head unit semantization (interpretation, translation equivalent), compatibility, etymological information, lexicographic illustration and lexicographical litter. Traditional forms of a head unit are described in the course of the analysis, the cases of an initial form unequal submission are revealed, etc. Besides, phonetic characteristics, etymological data presentation methods are analyzed in modern bilingual language reference books. During the analysis of the Tatar dictionary microstructure, it was found that not all vocabularies contain all of the listed zones, an initial form of a header unit is not fed in the same way, several words can be used as a head unit, most of the dictionaries (56% of the total number) has no examples of use, dictionary marks (grammatical, terminological, etc.) within the same dictionary; they are presented inconsistently. A comprehensive study of dictionary microstructure demonstrates the existence of various kinds of discrepancies and inaccuracies, which are associated mainly with the violation of one of the leading principles of linguography - the principle of uniformity.

This paper is a part of an ongoing attempt to reflect on the ways and results related to developing research competence, which is considered as an urgent issue for contemporary higher education in Russia. The polypragmatic approach, the major approach used to study the issue, is an integrity of dialectic, exploratory, synergetic and competence approaches that ensures success and effectiveness in developing student research competence. The new approach in considering the competence paradigm in teaching Humanities is associated with predomination of the synergetic principles aimed at developing their intellectual level, high-tech skills, and skills useful in making appropriate decisions in situations requiring high level of a person’s inner organization, deep understanding of concepts, and ability to convert the knowledge into competencies. The authors try to prove that to effectively apply the best practice, humanitarians, as professionals, must understand the basis and synergy of research. In this regard, research skills have been looked upon as a part of a curriculum redevelopment process that still needs enhancement. The authors consider Humanities student attitudes towards research with regard to their ability to use theoretical and methodological basis needed to form their research competence, and come to a conclusion that the approach implemented have improved student self-perceived competence in conducting a research project. They also share their opinions and findings on the structure and synergy of developing self-efficacy in self-organization and self-transformation when carrying out a research project. The information and findings may be useful for practitioners in humanitarian higher education institutions, as well as for further development and contribution into the process of upgrading the system of higher education in Russia.

Our paper aims to regard the specificity of building and usage of e-corpora created in Kazan (Volga region) Federal University: dictionary and textual corpus “Kazan region: the language of Russian documents (16th to 17th centuries), e-corpus of Russian dialects in Kazan region (19th to 21st centuries), e-corpus of Russian texts connected with Kazan region / the Republic of Tatarstan (20th to 21st centuries). The article describes the informational potential of e-references containing and reflecting the significant data connected with general and specific characteristics of Kazan regiolect (the territory variant of Russian language used in Kazan region, which is well-known as a region of interlingual contacts).

The effects of clarification and pasteurization on hydrolysable tannins (HTs), condensed tannins (CTs) and antioxidant activities of pomegranate juices extracted from whole fruits and sacs were investigated. Tannin contents (53-85%) and antioxidant activities (18%) in juice from whole fruits (JFWF) were found higher than those in juice from sacs (JFS). In both juice samples, clarification led to significant decreases (15-74%) in total polyphenol, HT and CT contents as well as antioxidant activities, whereas pasteurization (1-52%) led to the increases, except for the CT contents. Similar to pasteurization, HT contents also increased (r = 0.956) as the pressure and time increased during pressing. Punicalin, a-punicalagin, punicalagin and ellagic acid hexoside were the major HTs in pomegranate juices. Among HTs, ellagic acid hexoside was the major HT in JFWF, whereas beta-punicalagin was the major one in JFS. beta-punicalagin was the most susceptible HT to clarification. Strong correlations were found between antioxidant activity values with total polyphenol contents (r = 0.824-0.926), and total HTs contents (r = 0.775-0.994) and CT contents (r = 0.592-0.956). Antioxidant activity of JFWF resulted mainly from HTs (r = 0.994), while that of JFS resulted mainly from CTs (r = 0.956). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PubMed ID: 25289711, Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute L-carnitine supplementation at two different doses on nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative stress after exhaustive exercise. Methods. The subjects were 26 healthy males aged 17-19 years. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 13 each and received 3 or 4 g L-carnitine via a glass of fruit juice. After 1 h, the treadmill test was started at a speed of 8 km/h, afterwards increasing the speed 1 km/h every 3 min with a 1 min rest before every speed increase until exhaustion. Venous blood samples were collected again within 5 min following the exercise test. One week later, the test was repeated on the same athletes with placebo fluids. All subjects received a placebo via a glass of fruit juice. 1 h after the same exercise protocol mentioned above was performed and blood samples were drawn immediately. These plasma samples were used for measurement of nitrate-nitrite (NOx), which are known to be the stable end products of NO, TBARs as a lipid peroxidation indicator and an antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels. Results and conclusion. The results of this study have shown that L-carnitine applied at a 3 g dose provides strong antioxidant action by increasing the GSH and NOx level and decreasing the TBARs level.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute L-carnitine supplementation on blood malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a marker of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) level. With this aim, 8 male and 8 female total 16 national badminton players participated into this study voluntarily. Astrand protocol was used to determine the maximal oxygen consumption. Each subject received an acute dose (2 g L-carnitine before 1 h of exercise) and placebo in a randomized, double-blind crossover design, Dietary intake and exercise were replicated for 4 d prior to each trial. Blood samples were drawn by venipuncture before and immediately after exercise. No significant differences were found between measurements of with and without L-carnitine supplementation of participants as regards to all measured parameters. The result of this study shows that acute L-carnitine supplementation before I h of the exhaustive exercise does not affect lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels.

Objective. The aim of the study was to present the authors' clinical observations on zinc-coated foam with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). MaterialS and Methods. Ninety-four consecutive patients treated with zinc-coated foam with VAC therapy were retrospectively reviewed. Nonhealing wounds of at least 6 months duration with high to moderate exudate that required open wound management to secondary intervention were included in this study. The evaluation criteria consisted of the measurement of wound surface area, length Of overall treatment time, and a clinical observation of granulation tissue formation in the wound bed. Results. In all wounds, there was a significant decrease of the wound surface area, and wound exudate was obtained at the end Of the treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment measurements (P < 0.05). In all wounds, granulation tissue formation was clinically observed by day 6. Of the 94 wounds, 72 were surgically closed and 22 healed secondarily. The follow-up period averaged 12 months, and it was uneventful with no sign of complications from the use of the material. Conclusion. The results of the retrospective study demonstrate zinc-coatedfoam with NPWT can be safely used as an effective and alternative interface material in the treatment of challenging wounds.