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BackgroundChoriocarcinoma is a malignant tumour of trophoblastic origin. Most are gestational choriocarcinomas, which usually occur in women with an epithelial origin of the placental chorionic villi and are associated with pregnancy. It mainly originates in the gonads such as the ovaries and testes. However, it rarely occurs in the stomach and is known as primary choriocarcinoma (PGC).Case presentationA 69-year-old man complained of abdominal distention for 3 years, which worsened 1 week later. Gastroscopy showed chronic atrophic gastritis C1 (C1: indicates atrophic gastritis involving the sinus region); the pathology report of the gastroscopic specimen showed high-grade epithelial tumours in the mucosal glands. We diagnosed an occupying lesion in the stomach and performed a laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy and Billroth type 1 anastomosis. Postoperative pathology showed “gastric choriocarcinoma with cancerous tissue invading the entire gastric wall”. The patient was discharged on the 11th postoperative day as there were no postoperative complications. The patient was followed up until June 2022 with a good recovery and no recurrence.ConclusionWe encountered a case of Primary Gastric Choriocarcinoma, where the cancerous tissue invades the full thickness of the gastric wall.

A ratiometric electrochemical sensor was constructed for sensitive 4-acetamidophenol (4-AP) detection. Ferrocene (Fc) was attached onto a self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) to form a GO–Fc complex with electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, Nafion was added into the complex in a certain ratio to immobilize the complex. The GO–Fc–Nafion complex was drop-coated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to prepare a GO–Fc–Nafion/GCE sensing platform. There was a strong, plotted linear relationship between I4-AP/IFc and 4-AP concentration in the range from 1 to 100 μM, with a low detection limit of 0.2 μM. This fabricated ratiometric electrochemical sensing platform exhibited high sensitivity and stability responses towards 4-AP, over potential interfering species. Experimental results confirmed high detection stability and recoveries, indicating its high feasibility for 4-AP detection in biological samples.

Due to the presence of satellite orbit/clock errors, tropospheric delay and ionospheric delay, both convergence time (CT) and time to first fix (TTFF) of real-time precise point position (PPP) range from 15 min to 30 min, which strictly limits the applications of real-time PPP. However, with the precise corrections of satellite orbit/clock and atmospheric delays from regional or local network applied, the real-time PPP-RTK can achieve centimeter-accuracy solution in a few seconds with ambiguity resolved. In this study, firstly the real-time precise orbit determination (POD) is conducted with global distributed stations base on a self-developed PPP-RTK software service. Then 5-s sampling satellite clock and uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) are determined and broadcast to users. As shown by the results, the accuracy of real-time predicted orbit of GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BDS2/BDS3 in radial direction is 2.2 cm, 3.8 cm, 3.3 cm, 6.8 cm and 5.9 cm, respectively, w.r.t the final products; the accuracy of satellite clock is 0.101 ns, 0.153 ns, 0.163 ns, 0.247 ns and 0.227 ns, respectively; the SISRE of real-time products is 0.082 ns, 0.121 ns, 0.125 ns, 0.121 ns and 0.141 ns, respectively, for each system. The availability of real-time corrections is 99.8%, 97.0%, 86.1%, 99.5% and 93.5%, respectively, for above each satellite system. Secondly, the tropospheric and ionospheric delays are retrieved from regional station based on undifferentiated and uncombined PPP solution with ambiguity resolved (PPPAR) by using the real-time orbit, satellite clock and UPD products. Then the atmospheric model parameters are broadcast to user end after modeled with different methods at server end. Finally, the comprehensive performances of the PPP-RTK service are tested in field. As the statistic results show, the latency of the real-time products ranges form 7 s to 15 s with a mean value 8.4 s, which means a high timeliness. Besides, the mean TTFF of PPPAR is about 14.76 min when no atmospheric corrections applied, the position accuracy can reach 2.59 cm and 3.97 cm, respectively, in horizontal and the vertical. However, the TTFF of PPP-RTK is evidently reduced to 9.92 min when corrections from a regional network with 300 km station spacing applied, which is about 32.8% improvement. The position accuracy of PPP-RTK is equivalent to PPPAR after both solutions converged. What’s more, as the results shown, centimeter-accuracy solution can be achieved directly within few seconds when atmospheric corrections from a small scale network with 60 km station spacing applied. The relevant position accuracy is better than 1.5 cm and 3.0 cm in horizontal and the vertical, respectively. In addition, both fix rate and success rate of PPP-RTK can reach 99.9% in a open scene when using a small scale network.

To evaluate the efficacy of Xielikang capsules (XLKC) in the treatment of HIV-related diarrhea (HRD) and its effect on the plasma concentration of interleukin-17 (IL-17).This was a randomized, open-label, positively-controlled clinical trial. Sixty-seven HRD patients were randomly assigned to two groups: one group was treated with XLKC (n = 35), the other with diosmectite (Smecta®, n = 32). All patients were treated for 4 weeks. The HRD symptom scores were evaluated in each patient based on the frequency of diarrhea, and the quality and shape of the stool according to the Chinese Medicine Clinical Treatment of AIDS Program. The plasma concentration of IL-17 before and after treatment was measured with ELISA.Compared with the Smecta® group, the XLKC group had a significantly reduced frequency of diarrhea and HRD symptom score regarding the quality and shape of stools (P0.05). The IL-17 concentration in the peripheral blood of the XLKC group was significantly increased after treatment, while the IL-17 concentration in the Smecta® group significantly decreased after treatment.XLKC improves the symptoms of patients with HRD, and increases the plasma concentration of IL-17.

Herein, we report self-emulsifying anionic unsaturated polyester emulsions with different chain segments as novel sizing agents. The epoxy modified unsaturated polyester emulsions were synthesized via a self-emulsifying technique with no organic solvents. Emulsions were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, centrifuge, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM). The results showed that the emulsions obtained were mono-dispersed nanospheres that had adequate colloidal stability. The maximum Zeta potential of the sizing agent is &minus, 52.88 mV. In addition, these emulsions were investigated as the sizing agents in order to improve interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers (CFs) and unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Compared with the CFs sized with the commercial epoxy sizing agent, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF/UPR composites from the CFs sized by these emulsion sizing agents with three different chain structures were enhanced by 25%, 29%, and 42%, respectively. The emulsion sizing agent composed of a flexible segment synthesized from adipic acid, neopentyl glycol, and maleic anhydride is most effective and can achieve the highest enhancement of the ILSS of CF/UPR composites.

The mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodiode (HgCdTe APD) detector can simultaneously obtain the intensity information and time information of the target object in the active and passive mode, to realize real-time three-dimensional detection. The testing method of high-resolution time calibration is the basis for verifying three-dimensional ranging. The advantages and disadvantages of Geiger mode and linear mode were analyzed. Besides, the readout circuit structure of a linear mode active and passive HgCdTe APD detector was analyzed, and the time-to-flight (TOF) calculation method was studied. On this basis, a set of high-precision time calibration test platform was built, the system and environmental noise were tested, and the time jitter caused by the noise was 179 ps. The fixed time delay caused by the test instrument was calibrated, and theoretical analysis was conducted on the voltage, capacitance, the accuracy of the ramp generator and the high-precision voltage source and other parameters that affected the TOF resolution. The active and passive information test of the linear mode HgCdTe APD detector was completed at 77 K. The test results show that the circuit linearity is as high as 99.9% at low temperature, the saturation charge capacity is 7 Me−, the root mean square (RMS) value of the time resolution jitters is 2.107 ns. It proves that the test platform and method can effectively evaluate the performance of the detector, and provide reference for precise infrared detection.

Objective To investigate the effect of a treatment course of comprehensive intervention with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on the mortality of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods AIDS patients who had taken cART in a national TCM human immunodeficiency virus treatment trial program (NTCMTP) before 2009 were enrolled in this study and followed for 36 months from November 2009. Patients enrolled in the NTCMTP in 2004 were taken as the first group, those enrolled in 2006 as the second group, and those enrolled in 2009 as the third group. Cumulative survival rates were calculated by the life table method. Survival curves for subgroups were compared by the log-rank test. Hazard ratios were calculated with a Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 1443 AIDS patients were followed for 3 years (4198 person-years). During this period, 91 (6.3%) patients died and 13 (0.9%) were lost to follow-up. The total mortality rate was 2.17/100 person-years. The mortality rate of patients enrolled in the NTCMTP in 2004 was 1.49/100 person-years, which was lower than that of patients enrolled in 2006 (2.23/100 person-years) and 2009 (3.48/100 person-years). After adjusting for other factors, a shorter time of treatment with TCM, male sex, older age, lower CD4 + T-cell counts, and long-term treatment with cART were risk factors of mortality. Conclusion Long-term treatment with TCM decreased the mortality risk of AIDS patients. Factors such as being male, older age, CD4+ T-cell counts, and time of treatment with TCM and cART were correlated with mortality.

Complementary and alternative medicine, including Chinese medicine (CM), has been used to treat acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) for almost 30 years. We aimed to compare the main differences between AIDS treatment and evaluation strategies between CM and Western Medicine (WM), and analyze advantages and disadvantages. The characteristics of integrative medicine (IM), based on CM and WM, include a patient-centered mode of medicine based on evidence. IM focuses on complex intervention and management with systemic and individual treatment. The evaluation indexes of IM might consist of objective indicators and subjective indexes. IM might be a more valuable method for treating AIDS in the future instead of WM or CM alone.

BalB/C neonate mice and adult BalB/C mice were vaccinated using BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guerin). The pathogenic growth characteristics of BCG in in vitro culture on spleen cells (SPC) were observed and changes in induced expression of IFN (interferon)-γ and IL (interleukin)-4 in SPC were detected using the ELISPOT assay. The results showed that a low dose of BCG (2×103 cfu) exerted 100% immunoprotection on 7-day-old neonate mice and a high dose of BCG (4×104 cfu) exerted 75% immunoprotection. A low dose of BCG (2×103 cfu) exerted 67% immunoprotection on 35-day-old mice. It is also shown that Th1-type cell immunity dominated by IFN-γ was enhanced significantly in the neonate mice injected with a low dose of BCG (2×103 cfu), and Th2-type cell immunity dominated by IL-4 was depressed at the same time. IFN-γ and IL-4 induced by a high dosage of BCG (4×104 cfu) in neonate mice were both increased. IFN-γ and IL-4 induced by a low dose of BCG (2×103 cfu) in 35-day-old mice were also increased. The results indicate that there exists a marked correlation between immunoprotection by BCG in mice and both the immunizing dose and age of the immune animals, which might be relevant to the changes induced by BCG on Th1- and Th2-type cell immunity.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a worldwide public health problem and an incurable disease. The roles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on AIDS had been recognized and accepted by more and more people. Being a relatively long period, to initiate combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for the asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection patient is not consensus. According to TCM theory, not only the imbalance of Yin and Yang but also the disharmony of internal body function and external natural environment had occurred in the body of the patient, the imbalance and the disharmony should be adjusted by the means of the treatment based on the patters identified among the symptoms in terms of TCM. We aimed to analyze the feature of patients with asymptomatic infection, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the usage of cART for asymptomatic infection, explored the possible mechanism underlying TCM treatment of the asymptomatic infection, by reviewing the TCM treatment progress on asymptomatic HIV infection.

This study used three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (H6756, H311 and SP8581) to compare the effects of sampling time, callus induction media, differentiation media and rooting media on in vitro culture of young spikes in wheat. In all these three genotypes, the frequencies of green plantlet differentiation were high when their young spikes were cultured between the stages of protective glume primordium formation and pistil and stamen primordium formation, but low at other stages. The optimum medium for callus induction was Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium+2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The optimum green plantlet differentiation medium was MS medium. Some abnormal plantlets regenerated from calli. When these plantlets were transferred to another differentiation medium [MS+1.0 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)+0.2 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA)], shoot formation and elongation were induced. This allowed 90.91% of them to develop into normal green plantlets. The optimum rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.2 mg/l 3-Indolylacetonitrile (IAA)+80 g/l sucrose. An efficient regeneration system for young spike culture of wheat was set up based on such methods. Using this wheat-regeneration system, young spikes and immature embryos of 17 genotypes of wheat were in vitro cultured to study and compare the callus induction frequencies and green plantlet differentiation frequencies. The results of two successive years showed that in 15 out of the 17 genotypes (88.24%) the green plantlet differentiation frequencies were higher than those of immature embryos by 6.2–65.1%. These results showed that the regeneration system established in this trial for young spike culture of wheat was effective.

With diversification of field type among households in same eco-environment and social situation, even in the same ecosystem, merging household socio-economics with biodiversity initiative values to determine incentives and optimum strategy of on-farm conservation of biodiversity. Botany survey of agroecosystems at landscape level in Daka and Baka, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China, as well as household differentiation of biodiversity in agroecosystem and on-farm conservation strategy merging household socio-economic characters were studied. There were 73 families 179 species distributed in 0.1 ha of different agroecosystems in Daka, and 70 families 166 species distributed in 0.08 ha different agroecosystems of Baka respectively. The cosmopolitan families, such as Gramineae and Compositae decreased the percentage of tropical families and subtropical families. Botany survey among 12 random selected households from Daka in 46 sampling plots of different agroecosystems showed significant differentiation of the species richness indices of natural biodiversity and agrobiodiversity as there were differences of cognition and utilization of plant species besides management practices among households. Dengrogram using the Ward method of hierarchical cluster analysis based on annual questionnaire interview of 60% household from 1998 to 2001 in Daka showed disparity among different households’ socio-economics which underpins management diversity. There were significant correlation coefficients between household socio-economics and species richness indices of different agroecosystems. Fallow size had significant positive correlation coefficients with species richness index of rubber plantation. By contraries, production input had negative correlation coefficients with species richness index of upland rice field. Meanwhile, cereal crop income had significant positive correlation coefficient with agro-species richness index of rubber plantation. By contraries, other income such as off-farm income had negative correlation coefficients with agro-species richness index of rubber plantation. Innovations of the expert farmer on agrobiodiversity on farm conservation were admiration.

The Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, located in southwestern China is an area of great biological and cultural diversity. While the region has long been a dynamic one, the past 50 years have witnessed changes in the state of the biodiversity of Xishuangbanna at an unprecedented pace and scale. Due to a number of trends including demographic growth, as well as abrupt shifts in land use and economic policies, agricultural patterns have changed substantially. These shifts have resulted not only in a decline and fragmentation of forest areas, but also in changes in the practice of swidden-fallow agriculture. This paper employs a variety of published data, combined with original information derived from field research in Xishuangbanna villages, to draw attention to these trends and discuss their implications for biodiversity, including agricultural biodiversity.

To further acknowledge the optimal initial dosage and offer more reasonable evidence for the application of warfarin in clinical work, the research is adopted by comparing the efficacy and safety of the two dosage regimens to the patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or pulmonary embolism (PE) by

Ancient tea gardens in Lancang County,Yunnan Province are regarded as the provenance of the well-known Pu’er Tea. The ancient tea garden ecosystem is a typical example for the integration of conservation and utilization of natural resources. In order to understand its role in biodiversity conservation,we conducted field surveys in 78 sample plots of 20 m×20 m,and surveyed 360 households using household-based agrobiodiversity assessment(HH-ABA) in two neighboring administrative villages,Mangjing and Jingmai,of Lancang County. The results showed that (1) the geobotanical components of Jingmai and Mangjing areas are of obviously tropical characteristics; (2) a large number of important species,including five endangered,seven vulnerable and three rare,are well protected in the ancient tea gardens. Among them,11 species are listed in Category III of the State Protection List; (3) the plant diversity of ancient tea gardens is slightly lower than that of natural forests but much higher than that of normal tea gardens; (4) the life forms of plant species in the ancient tea gardens are as follows: herbs> arbors> shrubs> vines>epiphytes (including parasites). Compared to natural forests,there are less arbors and shrubs and more herbs and epiphytes (including parasites) in the ancient tea gardens; (5) the analysis of agrobiodiversity revealed that there existed differences in species richness and resource utilization extent from different villages. The average species richness index in the 6 villages is 0.059,which is higher than that of upland rice field and rubber plantation at the same latitude. The ancient tea gardens in this area play important roles in maintaining biodiversity. We suggest that local peoples’ knowledge and experiences on resource management should be well documented and encouraged,and effective conservation and reasonable utilization of ancient tea gardens would be achieved through training and demonstration with the participation of the local government,research institutions and farmers.

Despite many differences between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and conventional medicine, the use of TCM in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is increasingly recognized and accepted by patients. Recent research findings on the benefits of Chinese herbal medicine on long-term survival in patients with HIV/AIDS are encouraging and hopeful, but inconclusive. More research is needed.