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IntroductionLiver damage has been associated with the accumulation of phytosterols (PS) in patients treated with parenteral nutrition (PN). We aimed to study the association of inflammatory markers with liver function biomarker (LFB) alterations in patients treated with PN containing PS.Materials and methodsProspective observational study. Simple linear and stepwise multiple linear regression tests and interactions were performed.ResultsNineteen patients were included. In the multivariable model, determinations based on LFBs as dependent and phytosterols (and their fractions) as independent variables showed an association between increases in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and lanosterol (p < 0.001), stigmasterol (p < 0.001), interleukin-10 (IL-10) × total phytosterols (Phyt) (p < 0.009), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) × Phyt (p < 0.002), IL-10 × sitosterol (p < 0.002), TNF-α × sitosterol (p < 0.001), IL-10 × campesterol (p < 0.033), IL-10 (p < 0.006 and p < 0.015), TNF-α (p < 0.048 and p < 0.027). Increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were associated with Phyt (p < 0.006), lanosterol (p < 0.016), C-reactive protein (CRP) × campesterol (p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) × stigmasterol (p < 0.030), CRP (p < 0.08), and IL-6 (p < 0.042). Alkaline phosphatase (AP) increases were associated with CRP (p < 0.002).DiscussionInflammation in the presence of plasmatic PS seems to have a synergistic effect in impairing liver function, mainly altering GGT but also ALT.

Canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CCUS) is a condition characterized by chronic pain, associated with oral ulceration, inflammation and mucosal necrosis. We report the case of a 5-year-old female Akita Inu canine with sialorrhea, halitosis, oral ulcers, submandibular lymphadenopathy and substantial oral discomfort. After a poor response to conventional scaling and antibiotic treatment, the patient improved when prednisolone was administered at a dose of 1mg / kg daily. Aggressive immunosuppressive treatments and teeth extractions were ruled out, so cellular therapy was started. This study evaluates the effect of allogeneic thawed and expanded canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) therapy in a case of CCUS. Four local injections of AT-MSCs (3.5 to 8×106 cells) were administered every 3–4 weeks under general anesthesia and immediately after dental scaling. A higher dose of AT-MSCs (22×106 cells) was injected 5 months later under the same conditions. After the AT-MSCs treatment, the patient showed an improvement in oral lesions and reduction of oral pain for at least 4 weeks. We concluded that a dose of 1×106 AT-MSCs/kg body weight reduced the symptoms of CCUS for at least one month in this case. To our knowledge, this is the first description of allogeneic AT-MSC therapy on canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis., Kronični ulcerativni stomatitis u pasa (CCUS) obilježava kronični bol, povezan s oralnom ulceracijom, upalom i sluzničnom nekrozom. Ovo je prikaz slučaja petogodišnje ženke pasmine akita inu sa sijalorejom, halitozom, oralnim ulceracijama, submandibularnom limfadenopatijom i supstancijalnim oralnim smetnjama. Nakon slabog odgovora na konvencionalno čišćenje kamenca i antibiotičko liječenje, stanje se poboljšalo s primjenom prednizolona u dozi od 1mg/kg na dan. Odgođena je agresivna imunosupresija i vađenje zubi te je započeta terapija matičnim stanicama. U istraživanju je procijenjen učinak alogenskih odmrznutih i ekspandiranih mezenhimnih matičnih stanica iz adipoznog tkiva (AT-MSCs) u liječenju CCUS-a. Lokalno su primijenjene četiri injekcije AT-MSC-a (3,5 do 8 × 106 stanica) svaka 3 – 4 tjedna pod općom anestezijom i neposredno nakon čišćenja zubnog kamenca. Veća doza AT-MSC-a (22 × 106 stanica) primijenjena je pet mjeseci poslije pod jednakim uvjetima. Nakon liječenja AT-MSC-om došlo je do poboljšanja u cijeljenju oralnih lezija i smanjenju boli tijekom namanje četiri tjedna. Zaključujemo da, u ovomslučaju, doza od 1 × 106 AT-MSC-a po kilogramu tjelesne mase ublažava simptome CCUS-a tijekom najmanje jednog mjeseca. Ovo je prema našim spoznajama prvi opis alogenskog liječenja kroničnog ulcerativnog stomatitisa u pasa AT-MSC-om.

In this work we aim to design circularly polarized flat mirror/reflectarray to work at a dual frequency. The design approach uses a unit cell made by four assymetrical split-ring resonators with an opposite rotation plus an element size variation, a seen in Fig.1 Fig. 1. Proposed structure (unit cell). The SRRs are made on copper on a FR4 substrate. There is a metallic (copper) plane mirror behind the structure. The inner rings have a radius of 5.8 mm (1st and 3rd quadrant) and 5mm (2nd and 4th quadrant). The outer rings have a radius of 10.2mm and 10mm, respectively. As we may see in Fig.2, the proposed structure presents a dual-band circular polarization selection: in the band around 2.97 GHz it absorbs LHCP incident waves while reflecting LHCP incident waves, doing the opposite around 3.28 GHz Fig. 2. Reflection coefficient for a circularly polarized wave normally incident on a structure as shown in Fig.1. The superindexes +/- stand for right-handed/left-handed circular polarized waves.

One of the main research lines of the Grupo de Electromagnetismo of the Universidad de Cantabria is focused on the study and characterization of planar chiral metamaterial (CMM) structures implemented on printed circuit board technology. The objective of this communication is to analyze the influence of the angle of incidence on the chiral behavior of metamaterial structures. A variation of the split ring resonator (SRR) particle has been used as unit cell of the periodic metamaterials analyzed. From this structure, the effect of the angle of incidence on the chiral response is analyzed, evaluating variations in the geometry that provide different types of interaction between unit cells or between the incident wave and the structure. The SRRs are printed only on one side of the printed circuit board. Fig.1. This way, with normal incidence the structure is achiral. The obtained results show that the angle of incidence is a key parameter for the structure in order to present a chiral behavior. In this case, the chiral behavior is shown as a high difference between the transmission levels of the two eigenwaves (left handed and right handed circular polarized waves), i.e., circular dichroism.

The atomically precise control over the size, shape and structure of nanographenes (NGs) or the introduction of heteroatom dopants into their sp2-carbon lattice confer them valuable electronic, optical and magnetic properties. Herein, we report on the design and synthesis of a hexabenzocoronene derivative embedded with graphitic nitrogen in its honeycomb lattice, achieved via on-surface assisted cyclodehydrogenation on the Au(111) surface. Combined scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy investigations unveil the chemical and electronic structures of the obtained dicationic NG. Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements reveal a considerable variation of the local contact potential difference toward lower values with respect to the gold surface, indicative of its positive net charge. Altogether, we introduce the concept of cationic nitrogen doping of NGs on surfaces, opening new avenues for the design of novel carbon nanostructures.

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada. Fecha de lectura: 21-10-2020, The urgent need for developing new strategies to afford the increasing energy demand remains a challenge for many research fields, such as material science or energy engineering. In this respect, the field of nanoscience has emerged as a powerful field towards the design of functional nanomaterials, synthesized from both organic and inorganic materials. This new scientific discipline has led to the design of novel materials and opened up new avenues for traditional compounds. For instance, transition metal oxides have been proposed as promising catalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction for water splitting, of crucial relevance in clean energy. Additionally, the development of organic electronics, focused on the study of the electronic properties of carbon-based materials, plays an important role in the synthesis and transformation of traditional electronics by designing low-cost, flexible and sustainable electronic devices. In this thesis, we have grown and studied different nanomaterials on metallic surfaces related to energy efficiency, targeting to achieve global sustainability. First, we have studied the catalytic activity of CoO at the atomic scale towards the water splitting reaction. We have grown single bilayer CoO nanoislands, where the co-existence of two distinct phases has been observed. Such polymorphism has been rationalized due to the distinct lattice parameter and the registry with the substrate which induces the modification of its electronic properties, reactivity and, hence, of its catalytic activity. In addition, we have shown the capability to tune the phase by an electric field. Second, we have described the on-surface synthesis of new π-conjugated polymers with important applications in organic electronics. An innovative strategy towards the synthesis of low band gap π-conjugated polymers formed by acene or periacene units has been developed, which allows the control of their electronic structure, resonance form and topological quantum class by tuning the repeating unit size. Our results shed light into the atomistic adsorption and dissociation of water on a CoO model catalyst. Furthermore, we introduced pathways for controlling the electronic properties and quantum topological class of one dimensional polymers on metallic surfaces

The development of synthetic strategies to engineer ��-conjugated polymers is of paramount importance in modern chemistry and materials science. Here we introduce a theoretical and experimental synthetic paradigm based on the search for specific vibrational modes through an appropriate tailoring of the ��-conjugation of the precursors, in order to increase the attempt frequency of a chemical reaction. First, we on-surface design a 1D ��-conjugated polymer with specific ��-topology, which is based on bisanthene monomers linked by cumulene bridges that tune specific vibrational modes. In a second step, upon further annealing, such vibrational modes steer the two-fold cyclization reaction between adjacent bisanthene moieties, which gives rise to a long and free-defect pentalene-bridged conjugated ladder polymer featuring a low band gap. In addition, high resolution atomic force microscopy allows us to identify by atomistic insights the resonant form of the polymer, thus confirming the validity of the Glidewell and Lloyd's rules for aromaticity. This on-surface synthetic strategy may stimulate exploiting previously precluded reactions towards novel pi-conjugated polymers with specific structures and properties.

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The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group., [Objective]: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. [Design]: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. [Methods]: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1–10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. [Results]: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and −1.2 (IQR: −2.3 to −0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20–0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21–1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than −3 compared with HAZ at least −1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than −1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least −1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least −1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. [Conclusion]: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least −1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age., This work has been partially funded by the Fundación para la Investigación y Prevención de SIDA en España (FIPSE) (FIPSE 3608229/09, FIPSE 240800/09, FIPSE 361910/10), Red Temática de Investigación en SIDA (RED RIS) supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RD12/0017/0035 and RD12/0017/0037), project as part of the Plan R+D+I and cofinanced by ISCIII- Subdirección General de Evaluación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER),Mutua Madrileña 2012/0077, Gilead Fellowship 2013/0071, FIS PI15/00694,CoRISpe (RED RIS RD06/0006/0035 y RD06/0006/0021).

CoRISpe (Cohorte Nacional de VIH pediátrica de la RED RIS)., [Background] Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with marked immune reconstitution. Although a long term viral suppression is achievable, not all children however, attain complete immunological recovery due to persistent immune activation. We use CD4/CD8 ratio like a marker of immune reconstitution., [Methods] Perinatal HIV-infected children who underwent a first-line cART, achieved viral suppression in the first year and maintained it for more than 5 years, with no viral rebound were included. Logistic models were applied to estimate the prognostic factors, clinical characteristics at cART start, of a lower CD4/CD8 ratio at the last visit., [Results] 146 HIV-infected children were included: 77% Caucasian, 45% male and 28% CDC C. Median age at cART initiation was 2.3 years (IQR: 0.5–6.2). 42 (30%) children received mono-dual therapy previously to cART. Time of undetectable viral load was 9.5 years (IQR: 7.8, 12.5). 33% of the children not achieved CD4/CD8 ratio >1. Univariate analysis showed an association between CD4/CD8, [Conclusions] CD4/CD8 >1 was not achieved in 33% of the children. Lower CD4 nadir and previous exposure to suboptimal therapy, before initiating cART, are factors showing independently association with a worse immune recovery (CD4/CD8 < 1).

Grado en Ingeniería Eléctrica

La actividad de enfermería está condicionada por las ca - racterísticas de la plantilla. El objetivo fue determinar cómo afectan las caracte - rísticas de la plantilla de enfermería de atención primaria (AP) al control de la diabetes mellitus (DM) en personas adultas. Método: Estudio analítico transversal. Instrumentos para la recogida de datos: sistemas de información de AP y cuestionario PES-Nursing Work Index . Participantes: 44.214 pacientes diabéticos en dos zonas de salud de la Comuni - dad de Madrid: Zona Noroeste (ZNO) con mejor situación socioeconómica y Zona Suroeste (ZSO) con peor situación socioeconómica y los 507 profesionales de enfermería de referencia. Se realizaron análisis multivariantes multinivel de regresión logística. La variable dependiente fue la DM estaba mal controlada (cuando los valores de Hb1Ac eran ≥ a 7%) Resultados: La prevalencia DM mal controlada fue de 40,1% (IC95%:38,2- 42,1). Existía un riesgo de un 25% más de peor control si el paciente cambiaba de centro de salud y de un 27% si cambiaba de pareja médico de cabaecera y enfermera. En los modelos de regresión logística multivariante multinivel: para la ZSO a mayor ratio de pacientes mayores de 65 años aumentaba el riesgo de mal control (OR=1,00008 [IC95%:1,00006-1,001]); a mayor proporción de pa - cientes sin seguimiento por centro de salud peor control (OR=5,1 [IC95%:1,6- 15,6]). En los dos modelos por zona de salud, la condición de ser inmigrante económico aumentó el riesgo de mal control, ZSO (OR=1,3 [IC95%:1,03-1,7]); y ZNO (OR=1,29 [IC95%:1,03-1,6]). Conclusiones: Son factores de riesgo de tener mal controlada la diabetes mellitus la mayor proporción de pacientes mayores de 65 años por enfermera, ser inmigrante y la proporción de pacientes sin seguimiento.

RESUMEN Fundamentos: La actividad de enfermería está condicionada por las características de la plantilla. El objetivo fue determinar cómo afectan las características de la plantilla de enfermería de atención primaria (AP) al control de la diabetes mellitus (DM) en personas adultas. Método: Estudio analítico transversal. Instrumentos para la recogida de datos: sistemas de información de AP y cuestionario PES-Nursing Work Index. Participantes: 44.214 pacientes diabéticos en dos zonas de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid: Zona Noroeste (ZNO) con mejor situación socioeconómica y Zona Suroeste (ZSO) con peor situación socioeconómica y los 507 profesionales de enfermería de referencia. Se realizaron análisis multivariantes multinivel de regresión logística. La variable dependiente fue la DM estaba mal controlada (cuando los valores de Hb1Ac eran ≥ a 7%). Resultados: La prevalencia DM mal controlada fue de 40,1% (IC95%:38,2-42,1). Existía un riesgo de un 25% más de peor control si el paciente cambiaba de centro de salud y de un 27% si cambiaba de pareja médico de cabecera y enfermera. En los modelos de regresión logística multivariante multinivel: para la ZSO a mayor ratio de pacientes mayores de 65 años aumentaba el riesgo de mal control (OR=1,00008 [IC95%:1,00006-1,001]); a mayor proporción de pacientes sin seguimiento por centro de salud peor control (OR=5,1 [IC95%:1,6-15,6]). En los dos modelos por zona de salud, la condición de ser inmigrante económico aumentó el riesgo de mal control, ZSO (OR=1,3 [IC95%:1,03-1,7]); y ZNO (OR=1,29 [IC95%:1,03-1,6]). Conclusiones: Son factores de riesgo de tener mal controlada la diabetes mellitus la mayor proporción de pacientes mayores de 65 años por enfermera, ser inmigrante y la proporción de pacientes sin seguimiento. ABSTRACT Background: Nurse activity is determined by the characteristics of nursing staff. The objective was to determine the impact of Primary Health Care (PHC) nursing workforce characteristics on the control of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in adults. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study. Administrative and clinical registries and questionnaire PES-Nursing Work Index from PHC nurses. Participants 44.214 diabetic patients in two health zones within the Community of Madrid, North-West Zone (NWZ) with higher socioeconomic situation and South-West Zone (SWZ) with lower socioeconomic situation, and their 507 reference nurses. Analyses were performed to multivariate multilevel logistic regression models. Primary outcome measure: Poor DM control (figures ≥ 7% HbA1c). Results: The prevalence of poor DM control was 40.1% [CI95%: 38.2-42.1]. There was a risk of 25% more of poor control if the patient changed centre and of 27% if changed of doctor-nurse pair. In the multilevel multivariate regression models: in SWZ increasing the ratio of patients over 65 years per nurse increased the poor control (OR=1.00008 [CI95%:1.00006-1.001]); and higher proportion of patients whose Hb1Ac was not measured at the centre contributed to poor DM control (OR=5.1 [CI95%:1.6-15.6]). In two models for health zone, the economic immigration condition increased poor control, in SWZ (OR=1.3 [CI95%:1.03-1.7]); and in NWZ (OR=1.29 [CI95%:1.03-1.6]). Conclusions: Higher 65 years old patients ratio per nurse, economic immigration condition and a higher proportion of patients whose Hb1Ac was not measured contribute to worse DM control.

El objetivo principal de este Trabajo de Fin de Grado es investigar la inmersión en la lengua española en un contexto anglófono. Esta propuesta se ha llevado a cabo en un colegio de Primaria de inmersión al español en Minnesota (EEUU). En primer lugar, se presenta el concepto de inmersión y las metodologías que utilizan este tipo de centros. De esta forma podremos sumergirnos en el contexto de un centro de estas características. Este trabajo trata sobre una experiencia especifíca en una clase de Ciencias de Cuarto Grado, con un resultado que ha generado motivación en el alumnado. La experiencia es aplicable a otras áreas de la inmersión lingüística, Grado en Educación Primaria

Premio extraordinario de Trabajo Fin de Máster curso 2013-2014. Intervención e investigación psicológica en justicia, salud y bienestar social. Objetivos: el objetivo de esta investigación consiste en estudiar las posibles diferencias en la conducta adaptativa y problemas de conducta entre menores cordobeses que sufren negligencia física y menores cordobeses sin ningún tipo de maltrato, controlando los efectos de la clase social. Método: han participado 79 niños de 3 a 12 años de edad de la ciudad de Córdoba (Andalucía, España) divididos en tres grupos igualados en edad y sexo. De ellos, 26 (Grupo 1) residían en un contexto marginal y sufrían negligencia física. Otros 26 (Grupo 2) residían en el mismo contexto marginal pero no sufrían negligencia física. Los 27 restantes (Grupo 3) no residían en ningún contexto marginal y tampoco sufrían ningún tipo de maltrato. Las dimensiones patológicas y adaptativas de la conducta fueron evaluadas mediante los niveles 1 y 2 del Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta en niños y adolescentes (BASC) en su versión para profesores (Reynold y Kamphaus, 1992) y las variables sociodemográficas, por un cuestionario de elaboración propia. Resultados: los menores que sufrían negligencia presentaban unas puntuaciones significativamente superiores con respecto al Grupo 2 y 3 en cuanto a problemas de atención, habilidades sociales, habilidades adaptativas, problemas de aprendizaje, depresión, adaptabilidad, liderazgo, interiorizar problemas, problemas escolares e ISC. Conclusiones: se confirman los resultados obtenidos en investigaciones anteriores del ámbito anglosajón al encontrar puntuaciones significativamente peores en el Grupo 1...

Fundamentos: La actividad de enfermería está condicionada por las características de la plantilla. El objetivo fue determinar cómo afectan las características de la plantilla de enfermería de atención primaria (AP) al control de la diabetes mellitus (DM) en personas adultas. Método: Estudio analítico transversal. Instrumentos para la recogida de datos: sistemas de información de AP y cuestionario PES-Nursing Work Index. Participantes: 44.214 pacientes diabéticos en dos zonas de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid: Zona Noroeste (ZNO) con mejor situación socioeconómica y Zona Suroeste (ZSO) con peor situación socioeconómica y los 507 profesionales de enfermería de referencia. Se realizaron análisis multivariantes multinivel de regresión logística. La variable dependiente fue la DM estaba mal controlada (cuando los valores de Hb1Ac eran ≥ a 7%) Resultados: La prevalencia DM mal controlada fue de 40,1% (IC95%:38,2-42,1). Existía un riesgo de un 25% más de peor control si el paciente cambiaba de centro de salud y de un 27% si cambiaba de pareja médico de cabaecera y enfermera. En los modelos de regresión logística multivariante multinivel: para la ZSO a mayor ratio de pacientes mayores de 65 años aumentaba el riesgo de mal control (OR=1,00008 [IC95%:1,00006-1,001]); a mayor proporción de pacientes sin seguimiento por centro de salud peor control (OR=5,1 [IC95%:1,6-15,6]). En los dos modelos por zona de salud, la condición de ser inmigrante económico aumentó el riesgo de mal control, ZSO (OR=1,3 [IC95%:1,03-1,7]); y ZNO (OR=1,29 [IC95%:1,03-1,6]). Conclusiones: Son factores de riesgo de tener mal controlada la diabetes mellitus la mayor proporción de pacientes mayores de 65 años por enfermera, ser inmigrante y la proporción de pacientes sin seguimiento, Background: Nurse activity is determined by the characteristics of nursing staff. The objective was to determine the impact of Primary Health Care (PHC) nursing workforce characteristics on the control of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in adults. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study. Administrative and clinical registries and questionnaire PES-Nursing Work Index from PHC nurses. Participants 44.214 diabetic patients in two health zones within the Community of Madrid, North-West Zone (NWZ) with higher socioeconomic situation and South-West Zone (SWZ) with lower socioeconomic situation, and their 507 reference nurses. Analyses were performed to multivariate multilevel logistic regression models. Primary outcome measure: Poor DM control (figures ≥ 7% HbA1c) Results: The prevalence of poor DM control was 40.1% [CI95%: 38.2-42.1]. There was a risk of 25% more of poor control if the patient changed centre and of 27% if changed of doctor-nurse pair. In the multilevel multivariate regression models: in SWZ increasing the ratio of patients over 65 years per nurse increased the poor control (OR=1.00008 [CI95%:1.00006-1.001]); and higher proportion of patients whose Hb1Ac was not measured at the centre contributed to poor DM control (OR=5.1 [CI95%:1.6-15.6]). In two models for health zone, the economic immigration condition increased poor control, in SWZ (OR=1.3 [CI95%:1.03-1.7]); and in NWZ (OR=1.29 [CI95%:1.03-1.6]). Conclusions: Higher 65 years old patients ratio per nurse, economic immigration condition and a higher proportion of patients whose Hb1Ac was not measured contribute to worse DM control, Los resultados presentados en este manuscrito forman parte de un proyecto financiado parcialmente por el Premio Nacional Marqués de Valdecilla (Santander) 2010 (12ª edición)

Fundamentos: La violencia de pareja en jóvenes es un importante problema de salud pública por su magnitud y repercusiones. El objetivo fue estimar su prevalencia según sexo y su asociación con factores sociodemográficos y conductas de riesgo para la salud. Métodos: Se utilizó el Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedades No Transmisibles en población juvenil (SIVFRENT-J) 2011-2012 en una muestra representativa de estudiantes de 4º curso de la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (15 a 16 años) de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se preguntó por violencia física (VF) y violencia sexual (VS). Se calculó la prevalencia con intervalos de confianza al 95%(IC95%). La asociación entre violencia física y/o sexual (VFS) y conductas de riesgo para la salud se analizó con la razón de prevalencia (RP IC95%) mediante modelos lineales generalizados con vínculo logarítmico y familia binomial. Resultados: En 1.713 chicas y 1.664 chicos con pareja la prevalencia de VF fue respectivamente del 2,9% (IC95%:2,0-3,9) y del 4,0% (IC95%:2,9-5,0) (p>0,05), la de VS fue del 5,3% (IC95%:4,1-6,5) y 2,4% (IC95%:1,6-3,2) (p0.05), SV 5.3% (CI95%:4.1-6.5) and 2.4% (CI95%:1.6-3.2) (p< 0.001) and PSV 7.1% (CI95%:5.6-8.6) and 5.1% (CI95%:4.0-6.3) (p

Fundamento: Para conocer la situación alimentaria y nutricional en la población infantil, sobre la que no existía información actualizada, el Instituto de Salud Pública desarrolló la Encuesta de Nutrición Infantil de la Comunidad de Madrid 2001/2002 (ENICM). En este trabajo se analiza la ENICM para describir y evaluar la ingesta de alimentos, energía y nutrientes en esta población. Métodos: Estudio transversal sobre una muestra representativa de la población de 5-12 años de la Comunidad de Madrid. La información alimentaria se recogió en 2001 y 2002 mediante dos recuerdos de 24 horas. Se ha estudiado la ingesta total diaria de alimentos, energía y nutrientes. Los análisis incluyen los 1.852 niños con información completa en los dos recuerdos (90,8% de las entrevistas realizadas). Resultados: La ingesta media total diaria de alimentos es 1.460,7 gramos/persona/día. Salvo para los lácteos, huevos y aceites, la ingesta en los grupos alimentarios básicos es inadecuada, particularmente baja en las frutas frescas, verduras y hortalizas. La ingesta media energética y nutricional resultante es 1.905,9 kcal/persona/día; 43,6% hidratos de carbono; 17,4% proteínas, 39,0% lípidos (13,3% grasas saturadas, 16,8% monoinsaturadas, 5,0% poliinsaturadas); 363,8 mg de colesterol; 13,6 g de fibra e ingestas por debajo de las recomendadas de zinc, ácido fólico, vitaminas D y E (ambos sexos) y hierro y vitamina B6 (niñas). Conclusiones: La dieta de la población infantil de la Comunidad de Madrid presenta desequilibrios que es necesario mejorar: ingesta inadecuada de alimentos básicos, exceso de proteínas, grasas saturadas y colesterol y déficit de hidratos de carbono, fibra y algunos micronutrientes. Backgound: In order to ascertain the food intake and nutritional situation of the children of the Community of Madrid, on which no updated information was available, the Institute of Public Health conducted the 2001/2001 Children’s Nutrition Survey of the Community of Madrid (CNSCM). This study offers an analysis of the CNSCM that describes and evaluates the food, energy and nutrient intake of this segment of the population. Methods: Cross-sectional survey on a representative sample of children aged 5-12 years from the Community of Madrid. Diet-related information was collected in 2001 and 2002 by means of two 24-hour recalls. Total daily food, energy and nutrient intake were studied. The analysis included only the 1852 children who had completed both 24-h recalls (90.8% of all interviews). Results: The average daily food intake is 1460.7 grams/person/day. Except for dairy products, eggs and oils, intake from the basic food groups is inadequate, and is particularly low for fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables and garden vegetables in general. The resulting average energy and nutrition intake is 1905.9 kcal/person/day; 43.6% carbohydrates, 17.4% proteins, 39.0% fats (13.3% saturated fats, 16.8% monosaturated fats, 5.0% polyunsaturated fats); 363.8 mg cholesterol, 13.6 g of fiber and lower than recommended intakes of zinc, folic acid, vitamins D and E (both sexes) and iron and vitamin B6 (girls). Conclusions: The diet of the children of the Community of Madrid shows a number of imbalances that should be improved: inadequate intake from basic food groups; excess of proteins, saturated fats and cholesterol; and a deficit of carbohydrates, fiber and certain micronutrients.

FUNDAMENTO: A pesar de los cambios producidos en las fuentes de emisión, los niveles de partículas, SO2, y CO continúan siendo importantes en el municipio de Madrid. Por otro lado, contaminantes fotoquímicos, como el NO2 y O3, están adquiriendo una importancia creciente debido al incremento del tráfico rodado y los elevados niveles de insolación que tiene esta ciudad. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer la relación a corto plazo entre los principales contaminantes y la mortalidad diaria en el municipio de Madrid, durante el periodo de 1992 a 1995, utilizando el protocolo estandarizado del proyecto EMECAM (Estudio Multicéntrico Español de Contaminación Atmosférica y Mortalidad). MÉTODOS: Las variaciones diarias de la mortalidad por todas las causas, menos las externas, en todas las edades y en las personas de 70 años y más, así como las del aparato circulatorio y respiratorio, se asocian con las variaciones diarias de partículas (PM10), SO2, NO2, CO y O3, mediante modelos de Poisson autorregresivos. Se controlan las variables estacionalidad, tendencia, temperatura, humedad relativa, gripe, día de la semana, y días festivos e inusuales. RESULTADOS: Se observan asociaciones positivas estadísticamente significativas del SO2 con todas las series de mortalidad analizadas, del CO con la mortalidad en las personas mayores de 69 años así como con la cardiovascular y respiratoria, y de las partículas con la mortalidad cardiovascular. El NO2 también se relaciona de forma estadísticamente significativa con la mortalidad cardiovascular. Estos efectos son inmediatos, es decir, ocurren con los contaminantes del mismo día. No se observaron asociaciones positivas significativas con el O3. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados sugieren que, para un espectro amplio de contaminantes principales, los niveles actuales de contaminación atmosférica en el municipio de Madrid se asocian con un incremento de la mortalidad. BACKGROUND: Despite the changes which have taken place in the sources of emissions, the levels of particles, SO2 and CO continue to be high in the municipality of Madrid. Apart from this, photochemical pollutants, such as NO2 and O3 are taking on growing importance due to the increased number of cars and trucks on the road and the major degrees of sunlight in this city. The objective of this article is to set out the short-term relationship between the major pollutants and the daily death rate in the city of Madrid for the 1992-1995 period, using the standardized procedure of the EMECAM Projects (Spanish Multicenter Study of Air Pollution and Death Rate). METHODS: The daily fluctuations in the death rate for all causes except external ones for all ages and for those individuals over age 69 , in addition to those of the circulatory system and respiratory apparatus are related to the daily fluctuations in particles (PM10), SO2, NO2, CO and O3, by means of autoregressive Poisson regression models. The seasonality, tendency, temperature, relative humidity, flu, day of the week, holidays and events out of the ordinary are controlled. RESULTS: Statistically significant positive relationships were found to exist between SO2 and all of the death rate series analyzed, between CO and the death rate of individuals over age 69, as well as with cardiovascular and respiratory deaths and of the particles to the death rate as the result of cardiovascular disease. A statistically significant relationship was also found to exist between NO2 and the cardiovascular death rate. These impact are immediate, that is to say, they occur with the pollutants of the same day. No significant positive relationships were found to exist for O3. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that, for a broad spectrum of major pollutants, the current levels of air pollution in Madrid are related to a rise in the death rate.

Las alteraciones anatómicas y funcionales de la glándula tiroidea tienen una elevada prevalencia en todas las edades, especialmente en el sexo femenino, siendo las alteraciones funcionales las más frecuentes. Son escasos los estudios realizados sobre la prevalencia de la patología tiroidea en la población adulta. En diversos estudios de despistaje se ha demostrado la elevada prevalencia de alteraciones de las pruebas de la función tiroidea entre la población geriátrica. Las enfermedades tiroideas se manifiestan por alteraciones cuantitativas o cualitativas de la secreción hormonal, aumento de tamaño o ambos procesos. El aumento del tamaño puede se generalizado o local. Habitualmente este ultimo refleja una enfermedad neoplásica, benigna o maligna. The anatomic and functional alterations of the thyroid gland have a high prevalence in all ages, specially in women, being the functional alterations the most frequent. There are not many surveys about the prevalence of the thyroid pathology on adult population. The high prevalence of alterations in thyroid function tests between elderly population has been demonstrated in various surveys. Thyroid deseases can be noticed because of qualitative or quantitative alterations of the hormone secretion, growth in size or both processes. The growth in size can be widespread or local. This last usually shows a neoplasic desease, benign or malignant. Grado en Medicina

Treball desenvolupat dins el marc del programa 'International Design Project Semester'. El Museu del Ferrocarril de Catalunya has one of the most renowned and largest train collections in Europe, more than fifty-­‐two trains on display, including 28 locomotives, the biggest collection on the continent. It allows visitors to experience what travelling was like from the second half of the 19th through to the 20th century. The museum is located next to the train station of Vilanova i la Geltrú, a former station depot, where railway workers lived and work. It has a vast collection of trains documenting 160 years of railway history. In order to improve visitor experience, the museum wants to offer new initiatives and services that would make the visit to the Museum a more interactive and educational resource. The aim of this project was to improve the experience, through the application of user centred design and embracing contemporary technology. In order to develop the project, various research methods were used, including questionnaires, focus groups, expert reviews, and creative sessions. Based on the outcomes of this research new interactive technologies were investigated to decide on the most suitable solutions for visitor experience enhancement. The research lead to two separated results and advises for the museum. The first one is an advice based on improved signage and way finding inside the museum changing signs with info graphics and including routing elements. The second one is a mobile application, which conveys, to a better experience for the visitors in the museum. The mobile application is replacing the audio device and the map the visitors have to carry with them during an audio tour and adds interaction to the museum, a photo application to share in social media, different tour recommendations and information addressed to both common visitors and train enthusiasts. These two end products provided answers to the main questions of the research, namely: -­‐ How can the user experience and interaction of the museum visitors be improved? -­‐ What is the current experience of the visitors and what are they missing?