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This exploratory study examines factors which are expected to be significantly correlated with Trust and Distrust in social commerce (SC). Unlike other studies, Trust and Distrust are explored as separate dimensions rather than extreme values of a single dimension. Using data from a sample of 662 SC users all of the factors were found to be significantly correlated with Trust or Distrust and the results were the same for males and females. The findings support the idea that Trust and Distrust may be conceptualized as different dimensions. New findings related mainly to correlations: with Distrust, involving cultural characteristics and personality traits, and between Trust and Age, Education, and SC Experience. Practical implications identified factors that may be influenced by practitioners to decrease distrust or increase trust as well as factors that define profiles of consumers with different levels of trust and distrust.

Personal characteristics were studied as the determinants of forwarding online content behavior using data collected from a sample of 386 individuals. Personal characteristics included: gender; age; experience with online information services; level of consumption of online content; and the 16 personality traits. With the exception of gender and 15 of the personality traits, these personal characteristics significantly influenced forwarding behavior with no significant differences between males and females. Although not acting as significant determinants for forwarding behavior these 15 personality traits enabled the development of profiles for individuals with characteristics that did significantly influence forwarding behavior. These results represent new findings with respect to forwarding behavior and provide important theoretical and practical insights.

Cultural characteristics of an online virtual community (VC) are compared with cultural characteristics of Thai society (TS). Cultural characteristics are analyzed using Hofstede's dimensions and data from a sample of 369 Thai citizens who are active members of a VC. Also, associations between cultural characteristics and personal characteristics (gender, age, education, VC experience, and work position) were examined in both contexts. The findings indicate (1) individualism, masculinity, and indulgence are more evident in TS than in a VC; (2) in a VC, there were no significant differences between males and females. In TS, males placed more emphases on power distance and uncertainty avoidance and less on long term orientation; and (3) in a VC, only age and experience were associated significantly with cultural dimensions. In TS, work position was the only characteristic that was not associated significantly with cultural dimensions. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Silylethyne-functionalized benzodithiophene serves as a universal crystal engineering core to yield stable, soluble, π-stacked arrays of aromatic chromophores., Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a suite of molecules based on a benzodithiophene “universal crystal engineering core”. After computationally screening derivatives, a trialkylsilylethyne-based crystal engineering strategy was employed to tailor the crystal packing for use as the active material in an organic field-effect transistor. Electronic structure calculations were undertaken to reveal derivatives that exhibit exceptional potential for high-efficiency hole transport. The promising theoretical properties are reflected in the preliminary device results, with the computationally optimized material showing simple solution processing, enhanced stability, and a maximum hole mobility of 1.6 cm2 V–1 s–1.

This is an exploratory classroom project involving lecturers and students in an ICT degree program at a university in Thailand. Twenty creativity traits derived from neuroscience are used as a fram...

In admitting DNA sample taken at the crime scene in 2010 to compare it with a DNA sample taken from the defendant in 2020 courts assume that the defendant’s DNA has not changed in the prior ten years. This article questions that assumption using scientific findings published in the journals Scientific American and Science News.

Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 19, 1, 120-160

This study examined the importance assigned by Human Resource personnel to the personality traits of Information Technology officers. The extent to which these traits were evident among Information Technology officers was determined and compared to their level of importance among Human Resource personnel. The well-known 16 Personality Factors model was used and data was collected by questionnaire from 84 Information Technology officers working at operational levels in organizations and 64 Human Resource personnel with experience in the recruitment of Information Technology officers. For most of the traits the findings showed reasonable agreement between the level of importance of the traits according to the Human Resource personnel and the extent to which traits were evident among the Information Technology officers. However, there were differences with respect to the four traits Friendliness, Introversion, Sensitivity, and Intellect and the practical implications of these findings are discussed.

The purpose of this study is to explore expectations in information technology skills for organizations in Vietnam, a developing country in South East Asia. Previous research in Vietnam has mainly focused on information technology adoption; this study offers an insight into the demands of information technology skills in Vietnam. A theoretical framework consisting of five domains of expertise is used to examine the nature and structure of information technology profession in Vietnam. Results from the study show that there is an anticipated increase in demand for information technology professionals who possess deep skills in a broad scope of roles and experience both in information technology and other business domains. Technical skills in the technology infrastructure and services domain in combination with strong communication and problem solving qualities are highly valued by Vietnamese employers.

A theoretical model of information technology (IT) project management was formulated based on the results of previous studies incorporating transactional and transformational leadership styles, team diversity, and team culture as determinants of team processes and project outcomes. The study addresses the lack of previous studies of IT projects and is concerned with infrastructure and software projects conducted in cross-functional environments with co-located teams in the context of Thailand. The model was tested and developed to a final model using data collected from a sample of 219 professionals with experience in IT projects in Thailand. The results confirmed several reported effects of leadership styles, team diversity, and culture on team cooperation, cohesion, and conflict and their subsequent effects on performance and psychosocial project outcomes. The findings highlighted results not commonly reported in previous studies of IT project management concerning the role of dominant cultural characteristics of Thai society at the level project teams as well as important direct effects of leadership styles and aspects of team diversity on performance and psychosocial outcomes. Based on the findings practical recommendations for improving IT project outcomes are presented.

Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology (APST), 22, 4, 1-9

Community gardens are widely recognized as providing many local benefits within a community. These benefits can include increased daily fruit and vegetable intake, improved mental and physical health, increased social capital, networking and organizational capacity, and enhancing neighbourhood pride and sense of safety. The purpose of this project was to prepare and facilitate a consultation and design process with Snaw-Naw-As First Nation, resulting in the design of a community garden that can be constructed adjacent to their Health Centre. We have worked together over the past year to design the “Garden of Spiritual Healing” which their community will be able to utilize and benefit from over time. Although there were many successes that can be attributed to this project, there were also minor challenges which have also been identified. This paper summarizes the design and consultation process methods used during the project, outlines the plans for construction in the years ahead, shares funding and budget information, and outlines recommendations for replication of this project or others similar in nature. Presented as part of the requirement for the award of Master of Community Planning within the Faculty of Social Sciences at Vancouver Island University. https://viurrspace.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/9795/SakakiProject.pdf?sequence=3

Many writers have analyzed property interests in public spaces such as parking spots or lines of people waiting for an event. This paper considers the right to play on public basketball courts in a specific (but probably not unique) place: the basketball courts at U.C.L.A. In this instance the right to the place also includes a property interest in the game itself. This may interest those who study other cooperative endeavors.

All of the Supreme Court's confrontation decisions since Crawford have dealt with statements to or by adults and government officials. In Clark v. Ohio, the Court faced two issues: (1) are private persons held to the same standards regarding testimonial hearsay as police officers? and; (2) are minors subject to the same confrontation standards as adults? As the concurring opinions point out, the majority opinion by Justice Alito waffled on these two questions. This essay explores these points. A somewhat different version of this essay will appears as § 6371.8 in the 2017 Supplement to 30A Wright & Graham, Federal Practice and Procedure Evidence.

The study compared ICT professional requirements in organizations in Thailand with ICT bachelor degree curricular offered in universities in Thailand using a theoretical framework with three related components: domains of expertise; the scope of the professional’s knowledge, skills, and experience; and specific skills associated with the domains of expertise. Data was collected by questionnaire from 166 medium to large sized organizations and 42 universities which offered in total 78 ICT related bachelor degree programs. The findings showed that, although there was a reasonable degree of alignment between the importance of skills in the organizations and the ICT curricular, the ICT programs were not addressing adequately the needs of organizations for a range of skills related to understanding organizations and their functions, ICT management activities, and especially the management of ICT physical and financial resources. On the other hand, ICT programs placed more emphasis than the organizations on skills concerned with systems development methodologies for the complete development of applications/systems, CASE tools, programming and coding, database design, technical expertise with object relational and object oriented databases, and multimedia applications. Previous studies of this kind conducted in Thailand were not found and the findings are expected to be of value and interest to those responsible for national ICT policy and especially ICT education and training.

This exploratory study investigates the adoption and use of information and communication technologies in Myanmar by examining the nature and structure of the information technology profession. The investigation is based on a theoretical framework consisting of three components: domains of information technology professional expertise; the scope of the information technology professional’s knowledge, skills and experience; and specific knowledge and skills associated with the domains of professional expertise. The findings show that specialist skills in systems development, database, network and communications are important. This paper also provides insights that are not found in current literature which investigates information technology skills in Myanmar.

This exploratory study compares the adoption and use of ICT in the developing nations of Vietnam and Thailand by examining the nature and structure of the IT profession in medium to large size organizations. A theoretical framework is used with three related components: domains of IT professional expertise; the scope of the IT professional’s knowledge, skills, and experience; and specific knowledge and skills associated with the domains of professional expertise. The findings provide insights that are not found in existing reports which address ICT issues at a national rather than an organizational level. In particular, findings concerned with the first two components of the framework for both nations are compared to predictions about the adoption and use of ICT in organizations in technologically developed nations.

Predictions about changes over the period 2005 to 2010 in the nature and structure of the IT profession in organizations operating in developed nations were tested for organizations operating in eight different organizational sectors in Thailand. Data collected in 2006 and 2011 from organizations in Thailand was used to test the predictions and to identify similarities and differences among the sectors with respect to the importance of specific knowledge and skills associated with each part of the predicted structure. The findings provide theoretical and practical insights into the development of the nature and structure of the IT profession in Thailand over the past five years and the relative importance of IT professional skills in each organizational sector.

Based on a review of previous studies, important variables associated with the use of personal Internet Banking services are identified in this paper. Using data collected through a questionnaire, statistically significant associations among these variables are determined. The findings of the study confirm significant associations reported in previous studies and identify significant associations among an individual’s work position; personal characteristics of users; the influence of peers on users; the importance of trust; and the emphasis placed by users on personal relationships with banks. Conclusions are drawn which are of practical use for those responsible for the development of personal Internet Banking services.

This study was motivated by the challenges confronting the developing Southeast Asian nation of Thailand in realizing national policy objectives aimed at creating a knowledge-based society. The study determines and compares the development plans of 72 medium to large sized organizations representing 7 organizational sectors in terms of the relative and changing importance assigned to a range of technologies, professional activities, and IT knowledge/skills and assesses the alignment of these development plans with national policy objectives.

The explosive growth in the usage of IEEE 802.11 network has resulted in dense deployments in diverse environments. Most recently, the IEEE working group has triggered the IEEE 802.11ax project, which aims to amend the current IEEE 802.11 standard to improve efficiency of dense WLANs. In this paper, we evaluate the Dynamic Sensitivity Control (DSC) Algorithm proposed for IEEE 802.11ax. This algorithm dynamically adjusts the Carrier Sense Threshold (CST) based on the average received signal strength. We show that the aggregate throughput of a dense network utilizing DSC is considerably improved (i.e. up to 20%) when compared with the IEEE 802.11 legacy network.

2, 9, Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal

Technology can influence the nature of work performed by information systems and information technology professionals. This study aims to identify technologies and tasks performed by information systems and information technology professionals in a range of business organisations in Singapore. The study examines what technologies will become increasingly important in the business organizations as advances in information technology affect the work performed by information systems professionals. A list of information systems tasks and relationships between the tasks and technologies will be examined. The role of information systems and information technology professionals in relation to the tasks performed will also be discussed.

Based on a review of previous studies, important variables associated with the use of personal Internet Banking services are identified in this paper. Using data collected through a questionnaire, statistically significant associations among these variables are determined. The findings of the study confirm significant associations reported in previous studies and identify significant associations among an individual’s work position; personal characteristics of users; the influence of peers on users; the importance of trust; and the emphasis placed by users on personal relationships with banks. Conclusions are drawn which are of practical use for those responsible for the development of personal Internet Banking services.

Ever since the majority of the Supreme Court, in Crawford v. Washington took the power to determine the reliability of hearsay statements out of the hands of judges and transferred it to the jury, prosecutors and their allies have tried to chip away at Crawford---even asking the Court to overrule Crawford. In 2011, in Michigan v. Bryant, five Harvard elitists gave the prosecutors what wanted they wanted, surreptitiously overruling Crawford. This article takes a first crack at unpacking the thirteen-factor Bryant test. Using the opinions of the majority and Justice Scalia’s outraged dissent, as well as the briefs and oral argument, it addresses a few of the issues that lower courts will face in attempting to make sense of a decision that rests more on bogus history and (as Justice Scalia says) the personal preferences of the judges than on any historically-sound policy.

In the well-known Crawford decision, the United States Supreme Court severed the relationship between the hearsay rule and the right of confrontation by limiting the scope of the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to "testimonial" statements. In subsequent decision, the Court appeared to retreat from this anti-fusionist stance. In 2009 in Massacusetts v. Melendez-Diaz the majority opinion restated and strengthened the revolution promised by Crawford. This essay, which will appear sometime in 2010 as § 6371.4 of 30A Wright and Graham, Federal Practice and Procedure: Evidence (Supplement 2010) analyzes the Melendez-Diaz majority opinion in light of the briefs, the oral argument, and the fallout from the Court's prior confrontation decisions.

Evidence teachers, and other law professors, often make instrumental arguments. This short [9 paragraphs] feuilleton speculates about a strange gap in instrumental analysis---the reluctance to confront the values upon which such arguments rest. It offers no answers but a least it has no footnotes and may spark thought in others who do have the answer.

In 2004 in Crawford v. Washington, 511 U.S. 36, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177, the U.S. Supreme Court sought to undo the fusion between the Sixth Amendment right of confrontation and evidentiary rule of hearsay epitomized by its 1980 decision in Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56, 100 S.Ct. 2531, 65 L.Ed.2d 597. Crawford reduced the scope of the right of confrontation but made it far more rigorous than it had been under Roberts. However, the majority opinion in Crawford tried to downplay the decision’s revolutionary potential and to emphasize its continuity with the Supreme Court’s prior cases. This left the state and lower federal courts understandably puzzled about just what to make of Crawford. See Crawford Interpreted: 2004-2005, available at: http://repositories.cdlib.org/uclalaw/plltwps/5-23 So two years later in Davis v. Washington, 2006, 547 U.S. ___, 126 S.Ct. 2266, the Court returned to Crawford by reviewing a pair of domestic violence cases from Washington and Indiana that typified the way in which state courts tried to narrow the impact of Crawford. Unlike Crawford, Davis was a quite modest opinion that rejected two categorical exceptions to Crawford for 911 calls and so-called “investigatory interrogations---and explicitly overruled Roberts. See The Revolution Revised: A Guided Tour of Davis v. Washington, available at http://repositories.cdlib.org/uclalaw/plltwps/6-07 However, the modest scope of Davis is difficult to appreciate without some sense of the range of problems with which the state and lower federal courts grappled in the first two years under Crawford. Accordingly, this essay comprehensively collects and attempts to synthesize the hundreds of cases decided down to the eve of Davis. Since “unpublished opinion” has become a nearly complete oxymoron, “unpublished”, “depublished”, and otherwise non-precedential opinions are included on the theory that users may find them helpful even if they cannot cite them. Note on citation form. Since this essay will eventually appear in the 2007 pocket parts as § 6371.2 of 30A Wright & Graham, Federal Practice and Procedure: Evidence, it adheres to the idiosyncratic citation form of that treatise. For example, citations to that treatise appear as simply “FPP § 6370, text at notecall 120.” Readers who want to find what is said at that point may go on Westlaw, enter “FPP § 6370” in the “Find” box, and hit “go.”

[In Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177 (2004) the U.S. Supreme Court radically altered its approach to application of the Sixth Amendment right of confrontation to evidentiary use of hearsay statements. Lower courts then began to pick-and-choose among the three “formulations” of those “testimonial” statements the Court had offered and some interpreted Crawford to allow categori-cal exceptions to the right of confrontation. See Wright & Graham, Federal Practice and Procedure Evidence § 6371.2 (Supp.2006)[cited in this essay as “FPP” as it can be found on Westlaw by entering those letters and the section number desired.] In Davis v. Washington, 541 U.S. ___, 126 S.Ct. 2266 (2006) the Supreme Court reviewed decisions involving two of the categorical exceptions; 911 calls and “investiga-tory interrogations.” In a self-consciously narrow opinion by Justice Scalia, eight members of the Court rejected per se treatment of those categories and apparently overruled Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56, 100 S.Ct. 2531, 65 L.Ed.2d 597 (1980). But despite its narrow scope, the Davis opinion has implications for the Crawford “formulations” and two proposed alternatives, for the future of categorical analysis, and for the Court’s reading of the history and policy of the Confrontation Clause. This essay examines all of these.]

In 2004, the Supreme Court redid once again its interpretation of the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment. The majority opinion by Justice Scalia created a dual track system for applying the right of confrontation to hearsay evidence. The first track subjected evidence the opinion called “testimonial” to a severe standard; the evidence was inadmissible unless the declarant was unavailable and the defendant had a prior opportunity to cross-examine the declarant. Non-”testimonial” evidence ran down the other track to an uncertain destination. The author has argued elsewhere [ see forthcoming article at http://repositories.cdlib.org/uclalaw/plltwps/5-10 ] that the Court might have found some support for a dual-track right of confrontation in the history of the Confrontation Clause where the Founders drew a distinction between “accusers” and “witnesses.” The present essay documents the interpretation of Crawford by state and lower federal courts in the year after the Supreme Court’s decision. The author believes these cases suggest that when the Supreme Court revisits Crawford, it might limit that case to hearsay that amounts to an “accusation” in common parlance. Moreover, in dealing with accusations and non-accusatorial hearsay, the Court would do well to consider the Confrontation Clause, not as an isolated provision of the Sixth Amendment, but as a part of a “holistic” Bill of Rights that captures what the Founders called “trial by jury” when they objected to the use of inquisitorial criminal procedures.

Some scholars want to codify the federal law of privilege but the history of the many governmental privileges suggests that converting common law privileges to statutory form may not do much to reform privilege law. After restating the conventional view of privileges, the author argues that both Congress and the courts can claim legitimate power to control them. He next outlines the political economy of the government secrecy that the privileges aim to protect and provides an econometric model to explain why our socio-political structure fosters bureaucratic secrecy. The author then uses the notorious “Quackgate” case [Cheney v. U.S.District Court, 124 S.Ct. 2576 (2004)] to illustrate how the secrecy-privilege system operates. The article concludes with thumbnail sketches of privilege cases to show that neither Congress nor the courts have the will to restrict government demands for privileged secrecy.

In Crawford v. Washington, the Supreme Court tried again to reformulate the restrictions of the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment on the admissibility of hearsay evidence offered by prosecutors. Crawford adopted a dual system of analysis, with a more stringent test for an ill-defined class of statements the Court called “testimonial” while leaving other hearsay statements to the permissive standards laid down in Ohio v. Roberts. Justice Scalia’s majority opinion relies upon a conventional version of history to justify its new scheme. This essay argues that the conventional history errs in supposing that the right of confrontation originated in England. The “true history” supports some parts of the Crawford analysis but undermines the Court’s narrow view that conflates confrontation and cross-examination.

Small satellites flying in clusters require periodic “stationkeeping” to keep them in place. The required impulse is very small – the goal is not to keep the individual satellites in rigid formation, but only to keep them in well-defined orbitals with respect to one another. The necessary impulse, therefore, is only the amount needed to overcome the difference in drag between the most-affected and the least-affected satellites in the cluster. Estimates are that the differential drag can be overcome by providing ~1 mNsec (micro-Newton second) to ~1 mN sec (milli-Newton second) every 10 to 100 seconds throughout each satellite’s mission. The system we are developing will do that. The thrusters have very low power and energy thresholds for ignition (~10 mWatts, ~100 μJoules), and no moving parts so they are expected to be highly reliable. A single thruster array contains a quarter of a million separate thrusters.

This paper presents the results of an empirical study into the present and future tasks expected of information systems professionals in a range of organisations in South-east Asian nations. Information was collected using a three round delphi study technique across a period of one year. The views of senior personnel working in information systems positions in organisations in these nations are analysed and compared. The results are related to the present and expected future profiles of these organisations and are of relevance to those responsible for developing IS curricula in academic institutions as well as commercial providers of education and training courses in these important South-east Asian nations. The study also contributes to an emerging body of knowledge concerning the development of the IS profession in the developing nations of South-east Asia.

Chapter I: Affinity-Cleaving Studies Examining the Orientation and Specificity of the DNA-Binding Domain from yδ Resolvase The DNA binding domain of gd resolvase, residues 141-183, is thought to bind DNA by the helix-turn-helix motif based on sequence similarities with other known DNA binding proteins. Incorporation of the DNA cleaving moiety, EDTA•Fe at the amino and carboxy termini of yδ (141-183), allows the positions of these residue relative to the DNA bases at three resolvase binding sites, each consisting of inverted copies of an imperfectly conserved nine base pair consensus sequence, to be mapped by highresolution gel electrophoresis. Cleavage data for EDTA-yδ(141-183) reveal that the NH^2 terminus of the DNA binding domain of yδ resolvase is bound proximal to the minor groove of DNA near the center of the resolvase binding sites. Cleavage by EDTA•Fe attached to a lysine side chain at (Asn^183_Lys^183) at the COOH terminus of yδ (141-183) reveals that the putative recognition helix is in the adjacent major groove on the same face of the helix, oriented towards the center of the inverted repeats. Subsequent studies utilized affinity cleavage to analyze the effects of changes in amino acid composition of the recognition helix on the binding characteristics of yδ (141-183).In a systematic helix-switch experiment, the DNA contact residues of the putative recognition helix were exchanged for the DNA contact residues from another putative helix-turn-helix protein, Hin recombinase. Substitution of the amino acid in the putative recognition helix of yδ resolvase resulted in five proteins that showed no DNA binding specificity, six proteins that showed no significant alterations in DNA binding specificity, and four proteins that showed altered DNA binding specificity. Chapter II: Design of a Sequence-Specific DNA-Cleavage Metalloprotein Ni(II) GGH- yδ (141-183) A forty-six residue chymeric protein that combines the cuperic binding domain of serum albumin, GGH, with the DNA binding domain of yδ resolvase (residues 141-183), was synthesized. This protein, in the presence of Ni(II) and monoperoxyphthalic acid, cleaves DNA sequence specifically at one nucleotide adjacent to each of the six yδ resolvase binding sites contained within res. Cleavage occurs at the center of each of the dimeric binding sites, indicating that the position of the Ni(II)GGH is proximal to the minor groove. The characteristics of the DNA products created by Ni(GGH- yδ 141-183) cleavage of DNA indicates that cleavage is produced by some time of non-diffusible oxidizing species. ESR studies indicate that cleavage is not mediated by Ni(III)•GGH. Mechanistic studies indicate that DNA cleavage likely results from abstraction of the hydrogen atom at the C4' position of the deoxyribose backbone by some high valent, nickel-oxo species. Protocols for the synthesis of deuterated thymidines are included.

The DNA binding domain of γδ-resolvase, residues 141-183, is thought to bind DNA by a helix-turn-helix motif based on sequence similarities with other known DNA binding proteins. Incorporation of the DNA cleaving moiety, EDTA Fe, at the NH2 and COOH termini of γδ(141-183) allows the positions of these residues relative to the DNA bases at three resolvase binding sites, each consisting of inverted copies of an imperfectly conserved 9-base pair sequence, to be mapped by high resolution gel electrophoresis. The cleavage data for EDTA-γδ(141-183) reveals that the NH2 terminus of the DNA binding domain of gamma delta-resolvase is bound proximal to the minor groove of DNA near the center of the resolvase binding sites. Cleavage by EDTA Fe attached to a lysine side chain (Asn^(183)→Lys^(183)) at the COOH terminus of γδ(141-183) reveals that the putative recognition helix is in the adjacent major groove on the same face of the helix, oriented toward the center of the inverted repeats.

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00909a001 Bromine atoms, generated by irradiation by a mercury lamp bearing a filter to assure that only wavelengths >310 nm passed, were permitted to react with a series of 1,2-diarylcyclopropanes in carbon tetrachloride solution. The major product in all cases (>80%) was the 1,3-dibromo-1,3-diarylpropane. Kinetic data at approximately 10ˉ³M gave a rate expression dBr₂/dt = -k(cyclopropane)(bromine)¹′². A Hammett treatment of the data gave p = -0.5 for both the cis series and the trans series. Synthesis of several possible minor products and their comparison with the reaction mixture by TLC is reported. Possible reactions such as induced isomerization are thus eliminated from consideration. Bureau of Naval Personnel Office of Naval Research

The task of explaining recurrent oscillations in the level of economic activity was met with considerable success by the business cycle literature of the thirties, forties and early fifties. The multiplier and capital stock adjustment concepts together provided the means of explaining both the existence and persistence of fluctuations. However, the task of establishing a link between fluctuations and long-run growth presented a problem for models based solely on these concepts. The interaction of multiplier and capital stock adjustment processes could not be used to explain both cycles and growth simultaneously, and hence could not serve as an endogenous theory of fluctuating growth. As such, it became necessary to introduce into the analysis of cyclical growth factors exogenous to the multiplier- capital stock adjustment mechanism.

Prepared for: Naval Ordnance Systems Command, Washington, D.C. 20360 http://archive.org/details/investigationofp00sinc NA

Fifteen years of studies on Palladium! II) complexes of H ?0, NHL, and CI are summarized, including not only results from this laboratory but also from other laboratories, as have appeared in the chemical literature. More extensive report is given on several experiments not appearing elsewhere: the isomerism equilibria of Pd(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 and the ammonation kinetics of cis- Pd(NH 3 )gC1 2 . Tables are given for all presently known equilibrium a kinetic data involving these complexes, and estimates are also provided a number of reactions for which no data exist. Thirty-eight references are cited. supported in part by the Foundation Research Program of the Naval Postgraduate School with funds provided by the Chief of Naval Research http://archive.org/details/equilibriumkinet00rein N0001476WR60052 NA

This corrosion research has been conducted in two ways: microscopically and electrochemically . In the microscopic portion has been studied the mode and distribution of attack on metal coupons immersed in corrosive fluids. Here could be observed the effects of alloying, the corrosion product morphology, selective phase corrosion, and base metal microstructure . Both optical and scanning electron microscopy were used. In the electrochemical portion has been examined the effects of varying the corrosive electrolyte from synthetic seawater alone to one containing a marine fouling inhibitor, sodium hypochlorite. Here, corrosion rates were obtained for the specimens in the various corrosive media by a variety of methods. These ranged from rather simple controlled immersion tests to the more sophisticated electrochemical measurements such as linear polarization and potentiodynamic polarization. Chemical and x-ray analyses were performed on the corrosion products. The information gained from these two parts was integrated to provide predictions as to the suitability, probable rate and failure mode for each of the materials studied. http://archive.org/details/microgalvanicspe1094518797 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

The history of the construction of the stopped- flow apparatus at the Naval Postgraduate School is outlined and the design and characteristics of the present working model are given in constderable detail. Also provided are operating instructions and calibration procedures. Sixteen literature references are cited. Prepared for: Chief of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia 22217, and Naval Postgraduate Schhool, Monterey, California 93940 http://archive.org/details/designconstructi00grah N0001476WR60052 NA

Presented at the 20th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 29-31, 1979, Chicago, IL

A description is given of the measurement of pion nucleus total cross sections at 14 energies between 90 and 860 MeV for [6]Li, [7]Li, [9]Be, [12]C, and 6 energies between 88 and 228 MeV for [16]O. The measurements have been made with both positive and negative pions. The results have been used to calculate values for the real part of the forward scattering amplitude and for an effective pion nucleus coupling constant, using the method of forward dispersion relations. Calculations of the total cross sections have also been done with various forms of optical model, including the Laplacian and Kisslinger models and the results compared with the data, and the effect of more recently proposed modifications to these optical models has been investigated. A semi-classical model has been used to estimate the effect of the distortion of the pion wave due to the Coulomb field. The results have been compared with optical model calculations and the data.

In the course of an investigation of the seawater corrosion behavior of several dilute aluminum alloys, direct microscopic evidence of pitting phenomena was obtained. Observations, obtained by scanning electron microscopy after galvanic corrosion exposures, illustrate a pitting mechanism involving the extrusion of columns of corrosion product from pits by the action of hydrogen gas generated inside the pits. The macroscopic dissolution patterns of the various alloys and their respective microscopi dissolution morphologies are also described. The observations support the classical model for pitting of aluminum originally presented by Edeleanu and Evans. (Author) supported by the Office of Naval Research, Naval Ship Systems Command, Metallurgy Program Office, Code 471, Arlington, VA http://archive.org/details/morphologicalevi00perk N00014-78-WR-80105 NA

A brief review of the subject of palaeomagnetism as it affects the study of the behaviour of the earth's magnetic field and the problems of Continental Drift and Polar wander is presented, giving the reasons why a systematic palaeomagnetic study of the Cape and Karroo Systems of South Africa would be of outstanding significance. This task was vigorously tackled by sampling the Karroo System at vertical intervals of approximately 50 ft. in two separate areas, using the techniques that were then available. The results, although negative, provide material for a discussion of the possible reasons for the scattered directions of magnetization of the samples. A palaeomagnetic study of the Karroo dolerites was undertaken in an attempt to (i) determine 1 the position of the geomagnetic pole at the time of the intrusions, and (ii) possibly assess the importance of the remagnetization of Karroo sediments by the thermal effects of the younger intrusions. Samples from surface exposures in the eastern half of South Africa, from the shafts of a gold mine and from a railway tunnel were collected and studied, giving a reliable mean direction of magnetization of the Karroo dolerites of Declination= 341°, Inclination= -60°. At the commencement of the Jurassic period the geomagnetic pole relative to Southern Africa had the present day co-ordinates of Longitude 74½ 0 E, Latitude 70° S. Both normally and reversely magnetized dolerites were found and evidence in favour of a true reversal of the earthts magnetic field is advanced. It is also suggested that in the area studied, the dolerite was intruded in two distinct phases. Because the direction of magnetization of the Karroo dolerites is very close to that of the present magnetic field, it is difficult to separate samples remagnetized at the time of the intrusions from those remagnetized in the present field. However, some light is thrown on the problem of the scattered directions of magnetization of the Karroo sediments by the fact that dolerite samples collected from surface exposures are much less consistently magnetized than those from underground workings.