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The data repository presents data associated with the paper "Bioavailable Soil and Rock Strontium Isotope Data from Israel" published in Earth System Science Data and available here https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-162

The site of Apidima, in southern Greece, is one of the most important Paleolithic sites in Greece and southeast Europe. One of the caves belonging to this cave complex, Cave A, has yielded human fossil crania Apidima 1 and 2, showing the presence of an early Homo sapiens population followed by a Neanderthal one in the Middle Pleistocene. Less known are the human remains reportedly recovered from Cave C at Apidima. These include a number of isolated elements, but also a partial skeleton interpreted as a female burial, Apidima 3, proposed by Pitsios (e.g., Pitsios 1999) to be associated with Aurignacian lithics and to date to ca. 30 ka. In light of the rarity of the Upper Paleolithic in Greece, and the general scarcity of human remains associated with the Aurignacian, the remains from Apidima Cave C are potentially very significant in elucidating the arrival of the early Upper Paleolithic populations in Europe. Here we undertake direct Uranium-series dating of three human samples from Cave C, including the burial, to help clarify their chronology. Results suggest a minimum age of terminal Pleistocene for all three samples.

International audience; La nouvelle espèce Homo luzonensis a été décrite en 2019 à partir d’un assemblage constitué de treize éléments fossiles découverts dans la grotte de Callao (île de Luzon, Philippines) en 2007, 2011 et 2015. La datation directe de deux de ces fossiles par les séries de l’uranium indique des âges minimums respectifs de 50 000 et 67 000 ans. Dans cette présentation, nous montrons que ces spécimens présentent une combinaison de caractéristiques morphologiques primitives (i.e. ressemblant à Australopithecus) et dérivées (i.e. ressemblant à Homo sapiens) qui diffère de celle rencontrée dans toute les autres espèces du genre Homo connues jusqu’alors, y compris H. floresiensis et H. sapiens. Les implications potentielles des caractéristiques primitives observées sur les os des mains et des pieds sur les capacités manipulatrices et locomotrices d’H. luzonensis sont discutées, ainsi que les hypothèses sur l’origine de ces caractéristiques et plus généralement du taxon H. luzonensis. Ces caractéristiques pourraient avoir été héritées directement d’hominines anciens tels Australopithecus ou H. habilis, inconnus jusqu’à présent hors d’Afrique, ou alternativement avoir été héritées d’H. erectus asiatiques (de Chine et / ou d’Indonésie) et, après avoir évolué sous certaines pressions de sélection propres à l’île de Luzon, « ressembler » aux conditions primitives observées dans la tribu des hominines. Si au regard du registre connu en Asie pour les hominines fossiles la seconde hypothèse semble actuellement la plus probable, l’une ou l’autre de ces hypothèses aurait des implications majeures sur notre compréhension de l’histoire évolutionnaire récente du genre Homo.

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Homo luzonensis sp. nov. Etymology. The species name is derived from the island of Luzon, where the specimens were discovered. Holotype. CCH6 (CCH6-a to CCH6-e), maxillary right postcanine dentition of a single individual discovered on 24 August 2011. The repository is the National Museum of the Philippines, Manila. Homo luzonensis has been deposited in the ZooBank database (http://zoobank.org/) with Life Science Identifier urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act: 4F743862-662F-4E6B-9812-8 A05533 C1347. Paratypes. Recovered in 2007, 2011 and 2015 from the same excavation area and layer as the holotype: CCH1, a right third metatarsal 1; CCH2 and CCH5, two manual phalanges; CCH3 and CCH4, two pedal phalanges; CCH8, a left upper third or fourth premolar (P 3/4); and CCH9, a right M 3 (all specimens are housed at the National Museum of the Philippines, Manila). Referred material. CCH7, a femoral shaft that belonged to a juvenile individual (housed at the National Museum of the Philippines, Manila). Locality. The type locality is Callao Cave, in the Callao Limestone formation in the Peñablanca region of northern Luzon, the Philippines, at coordinates 17° 42′ 11.7″ N, 121° 49′ 25.5″ E. Diagnosis. Postcanine maxillary teeth of small size that are mesiodistally compressed, with a premolar:molar crown size ratio that is high compared to other species in the genus Homo. Upper premolars with two or three roots, a mesio-distally expanded lingual crown, strong buccal grooves, partial or continuous transverse crest, and an enameldentine junction (EDJ) shape that is distinct from that of H. sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis and Asian Homo erectus. Very small upper molars, with a M 1 > M 2 > M 3 crown size pattern, a simplified occlusal morphology with reduced metacone and hypocone, no crenulation on the EDJ, and EDJ shape affinities with that of H. sapiens and Asian H. erectus. Intermediate manual phalanx (rays 2–4) that is long and narrow (unlike all hominins except H. sapiens), with a longitudinally curved and dorso-palmarly compressed shaft, well-developed flexor sheath attachments and a strongly developed dorsal beak; it shares shape affinities with Australopithecus, H. floresiensis and—to a lesser extent— H. sapiens. Distal hand phalanx with proportions unlike 1 Département Homme & Environnement, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194, CNRS,Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France. 2 Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, The Philippines. 3 National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, The Philippines. 4 Laboratoire Paléontologie Evolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM), UMR 7262, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France. 5 Laboratoire PACEA, UMR 5199 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. 6 Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. 7 Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 8 Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 9 School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. * e-mail: florent.detroit@mnhn.fr; mandy24_us@yahoo.com those of early Homo / Paranthropus, Homo naledi, H. floresiensis and H. neanderthalensis. The third metatarsal has a base that is very small relative to bone length, dorso-plantarly short and with a marked dorsoplantar convexity of the proximal articular facet. The proximal pedal phalanx (rays 2–4) shares shape affinities with Australopithecus: marked longitudinal curvature, parallel medial and lateral sides in dorsal view, a small bicondylar head and weak dorsal canting of the proximal articular surface (unlike African and European early Homo, H. naledi, H. neanderthalensis, H. floresiensis and H. sapiens). Description and comparison of the fossil elements Of the seven posterior maxillary teeth, six are from the right side (CCH6-a to CCH6-e and CCH9) and one (CCH8) is from the left (Fig. 2a, f, g, Extended Data Fig. 1 and Supplementary Information). The M 2 (CCH6-b) and one of the M 3 s (CCH9) are complete; the other teeth have well-preserved crowns, and at least one—but sometimes all—roots are partly broken. Micro-fissures are present in the enamel, dentine and cementum, and the pulp cavity is generally filled by calcium carbonate; however, these post-depositional modifications do not affect the size, shape or morphological attributes of the teeth. In comparison to Australopithecus, Paranthropus and other species of the genus Homo, the maxillary postcanine teeth of H. luzonensis are small and mesio-distally compressed, and there is a marked contrast between the relative size and shape of the premolars and molars (Figs. 2–4 and Extended Data Figs. 1–4). The upper molars of H. luzonensis have small crown sizes with a M 1 > M 2 > M 3 pattern and simplified occlusal surface morphology with a reduced number of cusps and an absence of marked crenulations at the EDJ (Fig. 3 and Extended Data Fig. 1). These derived features are found in other Late Pleistocene species of the genus Homo (that is, H. neanderthalensis, H. floresiensis and H. sapiens), but in this respect H. luzonensis molars more closely resemble those of H. sapiens 4, 5. However, the M 1 and M 2 of H. luzonensis have smaller crown sizes than those of H. sapiens (Fig. 3 and Extended Data Fig. 2d, e). Compared to the molars of H. floresiensis, H. luzonensis molars are smaller and the M 1 is not more mesio-distally compressed than the other postcanine teeth 6, 7 (Extended Data Figs. 2–4). For their diminutive size and simplified crown morphology, H. luzonensis molars also differ considerably from Asian H. erectus 4, 5, 8, 9 and Denisovans 10, although the EDJ of H. luzonensis M 1 shows some shape affinities with several Indonesian H. erectus specimens (Extended Data Fig. 4f, h). H. luzonensis premolars are noticeably large relative to the molarseven more so than seen in H. floresiensis and unlike the pattern seen in other hominins, except Paranthropus (Fig. 3)—and also display several primitive features. For instance, the P 3 and P 4 crowns are asymmetric with a large and mesially displaced lingual cusp, as in early Homo 11, and complete or partial mesial transverse ridges are present on the upper premolars, similar to those of H. floresiensis 6, 7. Developed mesial and distal vertical grooves are also evident on the buccal aspects of the P 3 and P 4; features that are more frequent in early Homo than in H. sapiens 12 and that are absent in H. floresiensis 6, 7. Moreover, H. luzonensis premolars have multiple roots (P 3 has three, P 4 has two) that are robust and highly divergent, an archaic condition typically found in Australopithecus, Paranthropus and early Homo 13. Multiple robust and divergent premolar roots also occur in Asian H. erectus (Early Pleistocene Indonesian and Middle Pleistocene Chinese specimens), but are rare in H. sapiens and absent in H. floresiensis 4, 6, 9, 12 – 17. CCH8 (Fig. 2f and Extended Data Fig. 1f), an isolated left upper premolar, exhibits three roots (typically a P 3 feature) with a relatively symmetric crown (typically a P 4 feature). If CCH8 is a P 4, a similar three-rooted condition has not been reported for any Pleistocene Homo from Asia and is rarely found in modern humans (1 to 3%) 13, 14. In terms of absolute tooth size and premolar–molar proportions, H. luzonensis shows a pattern that is not seen elsewhere in the genus Homo (Fig. 3 and Extended Data Fig. 2). Although Paranthropus shows similarly large premolars relative to molars (Fig. 3), the maxillary postcanine teeth of H. luzonensis differ markedly from those of Paranthropus in absolute size and shape (Extended Data Fig. 2). Multivariate statistical analysis of P 3 –M 2 dental diameters results in H. luzonensis clustering with Asian H. erectus. Both species are characterized by almost similarly sized first and second molars, large premolars relative to molars and postcanine teeth that are mesio-distally compressed (Extended Data Fig. 2g, h). The mesio-distally compressed shape of the M 1 of H. luzonensis is also visible in the results of the elliptic Fourier analysis of the crown contour, in which H. luzonensis plots at the margins of the range of variation for H. sapiens (which is characterized by more squared or rhomboidal M 1 s) (Extended Data Fig. 3). H. luzonensis differs from H. floresiensis, which displays an M 1 crown contour shape that is even more mesio-distally compressed and has a more developed protocone (Extended Data Fig. 3c, f). Threedimensional geometric morphometric analyses of the P 3 and P 4 EDJs discriminate CCH6 and CCH8 from fossil and extant H. sapiens, H. neanderthalensis and Asian H. erectus, with H. luzonensis occupying its own area of the morphospace or sharing it with H. floresiensis when the latter is included (Fig. 4 and Extended Data Fig. 4d, e). The 3D geometric morphometric analyses of M 1 and M 2 EDJs are less clear, with H. luzonensis clustering with extant H. sapiens and Asian H. erectus (Extended Data Fig. 4f), with extant H. sapiens only (Extended Data Fig. 4g), with Asian H. erectus only (Extended Data Fig. 4h), or by itself (Extended Data Fig. 4i). However, the overall pattern of morphology seen in the dental remains of H. luzonensis is easily distinguishable from all previously described hominin species. CCH2 is an intermediate manual phalanx with a total length of 32.5 mm (interarticular length, 31 mm; Fig. 2b, Supplementary Information and Supplementary Table 2). The bone is complete and well-preserved, but it was recovered broken just distal of the midshaft in two refitting parts (Extended Data Fig. 5a). On the basis of the asymmetry of the proximal and distal ends, it belongs to rays 2, 3 or 4 of the left hand. CCH2 displays primitive features such as an elongated and dorso-palmarly compressed shaft and well-developed flexor sheath attachments (Extended Data Fig. 5b). All these features are observed in Australopithecus 18 – 20 and to a lesser extent in the Homo habilis holotype OH7 21 (but see a previous publication 22), but not in other Homo species that show more derived morphologies 23 – 26 (Extended Data Fig. 5c), although a primitive morphology is reported for H. naledi 27. Metric (Extended Data Fig. 5 d–f) and 3D geometric morphometric analyses (Extended Data Fig. 6) show that the intermediate manual phalanx of H. luzonensis is long, narrow medio-laterally (base, shaft and head) and markedly curved. These shape characteristics are shared with Australopithecus and H. floresiensis, but not with H. naledi (which shares shape affinities with Paranthropus /early Homo specimens from Swartkrans), and are seen occasionally in H. sapiens (Extended Data Fig. 6a, d, e). H. floresiensis differs from H. luzonensis and most other hominins by the shape of the phalangeal head, which—in lateral or medial view—has a very small diameter and is only slightly palmarly deviated relative to the proximo-distal axis of the shaft (Extended Data Fig. 6b, c). An idiosyncratic feature that differentiates H. luzonensis from all other species of Homo is the strong development and proximal projection of the dorsal beak and this may have limited extension at the interphalangeal joint. CCH5 is a complete and well-preserved distal manual phalanx 15.9 mm in total length (interarticular length, 15.6 mm; Fig. 2c, Extended Data Fig. 7, Supplementary Information and Supplementary Table 2). Its laterality and ray cannot be determined with certainty, but its proximal articular surface is too small to articulate with CCH2. The proportions of CCH5 (apical tuft expansion and robusticity indices) are within the ranges of variation for H. sapiens and Australopithecus and outside those of H. neanderthalensis and H. floresiensis 23, 28 (Extended Data Fig. 7d, e). CCH4 is a complete and well-preserved right proximal pedal phalanx of rays 2, 3 or 4 (Fig. 2d, Extended Data Fig. 8, Supplementary Information and Supplementary Table 2) that is 27.4 mm long (interarticular length, 26.5 mm). It shows primitive— Australopithecus -likefeatures, including pronounced longitudinal curvature of the shaft in lateral view, parallel medial and lateral diaphyseal margins in dorsal view and well-developed flexor sheath attachments in the distal two-thirds of the shaft, bordered by marked plantar crests (Extended Data Fig. 8b, c). The base is small, with a circular proximal articular surface that displays dorsal canting and articular angles of 94.5° and 89.6°, respectively. These angular values are outside of the ranges of variation for H. sapiens, H. neanderthalensis, H. naledi and H. floresiensis, but within those of Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus 20, 29 – 31 (Extended Data Fig. 8f, g). The head is relatively small, bicondylar and proximo-dorsally to disto-plantarly compressed, with a plantar breadth that is larger than its dorsal one. All of these features are typically found in combination in Australopithecus 19, 20, 29, 31. The morphology of the proximal pedal phalanges of H. floresiensis has also been described as Australopithecus -like in some respects (for example, absence of an hourglass shape) 32, 33; however, the combination of features found in CCH4 is essentially indistinguishable from the features of A. afarensis and A. africanus as shown by a 3D geometric morphometric shape analysis (Fig. 5). Although proximal pedal phalanges are missing from the Asian H. erectus fossil record, those known for African and European species (for example, H. naledi, Homo antecessor and H. neanderthalensis) suggest that the morphology of H. luzonensis is unique among the genus Homo 26, 31, 34. Fig. 4 | Premolar EDJ of H. luzonensis. a , EDJ of the P 3 of H. luzonensis (CCH6-e) compared to the EDJs of H. floresiensis (Liang Bua 1 (LB1)), H. sapiens, H. erectus (Sangiran 4) and H. neanderthalensis (KRD 53). Horns of dentine were reconstructed for CCH6-e, LB1 and Sangiran 4; see Methods. Scale bar, 5 mm. b, c, Between-group principal component analyses (bgPCAs) of the three-dimensional landmark Procrustes- registered shape coordinates of the P 3 s (b) and P 4 s (c). Sample sizes for b, c, respectively: H. erectus, n = 2, 3; H. neanderthalensis, n = 5, 6; fossil H. sapiens, n = 3, 3; extant H. sapiens, n = 8, 9; H. floresiensis, n = 1, 0; H. luzonensis, n = 2, 2. A detailed list of specimens can be found in Supplementary Table 6. CCH3 is a complete and well-preserved intermediate pedal phalanx with a total length of 16.3 mm (interarticular length, 14.9 mm; Fig. 2e, Extended Data Fig. 9, Supplementary Information and Supplementary Table 2). Because the shape, size and morphology of this element is highly variable in H. sapiens and other hominins, little can be said at this time about its comparative morphology; however, it visually more closely resembles the intermediate pedal phalanges of H. sapiens and H. floresiensis than it does those of A. afarensis (Extended Data Fig. 9c). The previously published third metatarsal (CCH1) 1, 2 has a proximal base that is particularly small compared to the total length of the bone. It is further characterized by a pronounced triangular shape with a short dorso-plantar height and a medio-laterally expanded dorsal aspect, and a marked dorso-plantar convexity of the proximal articular facet for the lateral cuneiform. The latter feature, which is very uncommon in hominins, has been reported (since the description of CCH1) in a fourth metatarsal of Australopithecus sediba 35. The referred specimen, CCH7, is a partial left femur from which both the proximal and distal ends are missing (Fig. 2h, Extended Data Fig. 10 and Supplementary Information). Transverse slices of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans show a high density of Haversian canals in the cortical bone that is characteristic of a growing juvenile individual (Extended Data Fig. 10c). Implications of H. luzonensis for hominin evolution The Late Pleistocene hominin fossils from Callao Cave show a combination of dental and postcranial (hand and foot) features that is distinct from currently known species of the genus Homo (Supplementary Table 3). The premolars of H. luzonensis combine size and shape features seen in other Late Pleistocene species of the genus Homo (for example, H. neanderthalensis, H. floresiensis and H. sapiens) with primitive morphological features of the crown, EDJ and roots, which are typically found in earlier hominins, including Australopithecus and Paranthropus (Supplementary Table 3). The molars are extremely small and their external morphology resembles those of H. sapiens and—to a lesser extent—those of H. floresiensis, whereas some of their EDJ shapes show affinities with those of Asian H. erectus. Notable similarities are observed between H. luzonensis and Australopithecus in the anatomy of their manual and pedal elements. The morphologies of the hands and feet of Australopithecus, which are generally described as an intermediate between the morphologies of great apes and modern humans, are typically interpreted either as indicating adaptations to various degrees of bipedalism and climbing and/or suspension 36 or as reflecting the retention of plesiomorphic features in obligatory bipeds 35, 37. However, the partial and fragmentary nature of the H. luzonensis postcranial elements presently limits further interpretation of its locomotor and manipulative abilities. The origin of H. luzonensis, as well as its phylogenetic relationships with other hominins present in eastern Asia at around the same timeincluding H. sapiens 38, H. floresiensis 39 and Denisovans 10, and hominins recently discovered in China 40 —remains to be determined. As is the case for most hominins recovered from tropical Asia 41, attempted DNA extraction from H. luzonensis fossils has been unsuccessful. Direct dates on H. luzonensis tooth and bone samples indicate it was present on Luzon before 50 kyr ago 1, 3 and the recent discovery 42 of stone tools and a butchered rhinoceros in the nearby Cagayan Valley indicates t

Supplemental material, HOL-17-0174-R2_ThedenRingl_et_al_Suppl_Info for The chronology and environmental context of a cave deposit and associated faunal assemblage including megafauna teeth near Wee Jasper, southeastern Australia by Fenja Theden-Ringl, Kathleen P Hislop, Ken Aplin, Rainer Grün and Mark R Schurr in The Holocene

20 pages; National audience; This paper presents achronological framework for the site of Les Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, Charente, France). In the East locus of the site,four meters of sediments preserve late Middle Paleolithic archaeological materials with Quina Mousterian lithicsassociated with abundant reindeer-dominated faunal remains.During the most recent excavations conducted by B. Maureille and A. Mann between 2001 et 2013, only two dates wereobtained in this locus: one was a single burnt flint dated by thermoluminescence (TL) and the second, was a singlespeleothem located at the base of the sequence dated using uranium-series disequilibrium (U-Th). The top layers fellbeyond the radiocarbon limit. Owing to the scarcity of datable material, only a relative chronology was proposed for thesite (Maureille et al. 2008).As part of a multidisciplinary project that aims to define a reliable chronological framework for understanding the variabilityof Neandertal cultures in the SW France, we dated the sedimentary deposits of the Les Pradelles site using OpticallyStimulated Luminescence (OSL) techniques. The results of these techniques applied on various materials (quartz andfeldspars), as well as previously obtained radiometric datasets improve the chronostratigraphy of the site. They constrainthe age of the Neandertal remains and the Quina occupations between the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 andduring MIS 3, up to 50 ka BP.; Cet article présente une synthèse des données chronologiques du site des Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc,Charente, France). Le gisement se caractérise dans son locus est par un remplissage de près de quatre mètresd’épaisseur ayant livré des dépôts de la fin du Paléolithique moyen dans lesquels une industrie moustérienne de typeQuina est associée à une faune abondante largement dominée par le renne. Durant les fouilles conduites parB. Maureille et A. Mann entre 2001 et 2013, les données chronologiques obtenues pour ce locus ont été peunombreuses : une datation par thermoluminescence (TL) sur un silex chauffé et une autre par U-Th sur un spéléothèmesitué dans la partie inférieure de la séquence. Plusieurs datations par le radiocarbone ont été également réalisées surdes ossements provenant du sommet du remplissage, mais se sont révélées partiellement infructueuses en raison del’ancienneté des vestiges. Ces données constituent des jalons importants permettant d’esquisser une chronologiepréliminaire de cette séquence, sans toutefois donner une attribution chronologique précise aux vestiges découverts.Dans le cadre d’un projet pluridisciplinaire visant à établir des jalons chronologiques fiables pour l’évolution des culturesnéandertaliennes du Sud-Ouest de la France, nous avons entrepris la datation des dépôts sédimentaires de la séquence des Pradelles par Luminescence Stimulée Optiquement (OSL). Les résultats de ces méthodes appliquées à différentminéraux (quartz et feldspaths), et combinés aux données radiométriques déjà disponibles, ont permis de préciser lachronostratigraphie du gisement. Ils permettent situer chronologiquement les restes néandertaliens des Pradelles et lesoccupations Quina entre la fin du MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 4 et pendant le MIS 3, jusqu’à ~ 50 ka.

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International audience

Na monografía clásica de Puig y Larraz (1896: 250-252) amiéntense delles cavidaes del Conceyu de Piloña, pero non la Cueva d’El Sidrón (Fig. 1). Esta conocíase, ensin dulda, dende la Guerra Civil y el maquis al servir d’abellugu a persiguíos políticos, y guarda una alcordanza imborrable nuna de les sos múltiples entraes, yá qu’ellí ta enterrada Olvido Otero González (1908-1938). Per El Sidrón pasaron munches persones a lo llargo de los años, pero en 1994 prodúxose’l descubrimientu per parte d’unos espeleólogos xixoneses d’unos güesos humanos que dieron un importante xiru a la conocencia de los nuesos antepasaos neandertales.

Despite numerous sites of great antiquity having been excavated since the end of the 19th century, Middle Pleistocene human fossils are still extremely rare in northwestern Europe. Apart from the two partial crania from Biache-Saint-Vaast in northern France, all known human fossils from this period have been found from ten sites in either Germany or England. Here we report the discovery of three long bones from the same left upper limb discovered at the open-air site of Tourville-la-Riviere in the Seine Valley of northern France. New U-series and combined US-ESR dating on animal teeth produced an age range for the site of 183 to 236 ka. In combination with paleoecological indicators, they indicate an age toward the end of MIS 7. The human remains from Tourville-la-Riviere are attributable to the Neandertal lineage based on morphological and metric analyses. An abnormal crest on the left humerus represents a deltoid muscle enthesis. Micro- and or macro-traumas connected to repetitive movements similar to those documented for professional throwing athletes could be origin of abnormality.

Los cazadores recolectores del Pleistoceno y del Holoceno en Iberia y el Estrecho de Gibraltar: estado actual del conocimiento del registro arqueológico, constituye una actualización del conocimiento de las sociedades con economía de predación que se asentaron en Iberia. El registro de esta región es esencial para la reconstrucción de la evolución humana biológica, comportamental y cultural en Europa ya que contiene los registros más primitivos y significativos de la humanización del continente y porque en ella se pueden trazar las grandes líneas explicativas del proceso. Ello es así por la gran riqueza de un registro muy amplio y completo, que abarca todas las etapas del desarrollo y las todas las formas adaptativas y culturales, cuyo descubrimiento ya se realizó en las primeras etapas de la disciplina en el siglo XIX. Este volumen pretende ser una presentación sistemática de datos empíricos realizada por los equipos de investigadores que están año tras año obteniendo y analizando ese registro. Se ha incluido en él los datos de los conjuntos arqueo-paleontológicos principales y con datos más significativos organizados en ocho grandes regiones fisiográficas y geológicas que buscan evidenciar la adaptación humana a entornos similares. Más allá de estas ocho regiones se ha creído conveniente presentar dos capítulos temáticos, dedicados a las regiones con registro de comportamiento simbólico rupestre más extenso: la región cantábrica y la levantina. Los registros rupestres externos a estas dos regiones se tratan cada uno dentro de las regiones correspondientes. Finalmente queremos señalar que, más allá de los datos empíricos, hemos querido poner de manifiesto las grandes líneas de investigación que la arqueología hispana moderna está desarrollando en este campo de investigación.

International audience; The palaeontological site of Venta Micena (Orce, Andalusia, Spain) lies in the eastern sector of the Guadix–Baza basin, one of the best documented areas in Europe for Plio‐Pleistocene biostratigraphy. The combination of biochronological and palaeomagnetic results, combined with the radiometric data obtained for Atapuerca Sima del Elefante, indicated that the Venta Micena stratum was formed between the Jaramillo and Olduvai palaeomagnetic events, most likely between 1.22 and 1.77 Ma. Five fossil teeth from two outcrops (sites A and B) were selected to assess the potential of combined uranium series–electron spin resonance (US‐ESR) dating of Early Pleistocene sites. Although the US‐ESR results of the first outcrop showed a large scatter between the three teeth, the mean age of 1.37 ± 0.24 Ma can be considered a reasonable age estimate for Venta Micena. The mean ESR age of 0.62 ± 0.03 Ma obtained for site B seems to be a severe underestimation when compared with the independent age control. This underestimation is attributed to a relative recent U‐mobilization event that led to some U‐leaching. The results show that any ESR age calculations of old samples are extremely sensitive to variations in the measured 230Th/234U ratios in dental tissues. Although the results demonstrate that ESR can in principle be applied to Early Pleistocene sites, they also reveal the complexity of dating such old teeth. It is necessary to continue research in several directions, such as study of the behaviour of ESR signals in old teeth and understanding recent U‐mobilization processes, to improve the reliability of the combined US‐ESR dating method applied to Early Pleistocene times, a period for which the number of available numerical dating techniques is very limited. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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David Francine, Eisenmann Véra, Farizy Catherine, Girard Michel, Grün Rainer, Krier Vincent, Miskovsky Jean-Claude. Chapitre VIII – Synthèse chronostratigraphique. In: Gallia préhistoire. Suppléments, supplément 30, 1994. Hommes et bisons du Paléolithique moyen à Mauran (Haute-Garonne) pp. 69-70.

Grün Rainer. Chapitre VII – Estimation de l’âge de Mauran par résonance paramagnétique électronique. In: Gallia préhistoire. Suppléments, supplément 30, 1994. Hommes et bisons du Paléolithique moyen à Mauran (Haute-Garonne) pp. 65-67.

Ten coral samples from Huon Peninsula were selected for an ESR and alpha spectrometric U-series dating comparison. Th and U isotopes of seven ESR samples were also analyzed by mass spectrometry. It was found that the dose response of the paramagnetic centre at g = 2.0007 is not strictly exponential, but defect creation can be observed. The comparison of the results shows considerable discrepancies between all three techniques but also inconsistencies between the results of the radiometric dating study with the assumed geological position of the samples. Problems of ESR seem to lie in AD estimation and problems of U-series dating in open system behaviour of the samples. The study implies that samples have to be very carefully selected in order to perform a meaningful dating comparison.

In an application of the relatively new technique of ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) dating, an extensive chronological and morphometric study has been carried out on coral reef tracts in Barbados. These sequences have been used in previous studies (Bender et al., 1979) to reconstruct paleo-sea-level elevations for the middle and upper Pleistocene, concluding in the so called "Barbados-Model." The new data set implies that this model is subject to a far larger uncertainty than previously claimed due to geochronological problems and local variation in the uplift rate. /// Ce papier presente une application de la datation par Electro resonnance magnetique pour une chronologie et une śtude mor-phom^trique des coraux aux Barbades. Ces sequences avaient ete deja utilises anterieurement (Bender et al., 1979) pour une reconstitution des paleo-elóvations du niveau de la mer au Pleistocene moyen et superieur et avait abouti au "modele des Barbades". Ces nouvelles donnees impliquent que ce modele est beaucoup plus incertain que celle presumee ultdrieurement. Cela est du a des problemes de chronologie, comme a la variation locale de la montee du niveau.-Catherine Bressolier (Giomorphologie EPHE, Montrouge, France). /// Se ha realizado un estudio cronologico y morfometrico en los rastros coralinos de Barbados aplicando una tScnica de datación relativamente nueva, la ESR (Electron Spin Resonance). Estas secuencias has sido utilizadas en estudios previos (BENDER et al., 1979) para reconstruir los paleo-niveles del mar en el Pleistoceno Medio y Superior, concluyendose en el lamado "Modelo Barbados". El nuevo juego de datos demuestra que este modelo esta sometido a un mayor grado de incertidumbre del obtenido prev-iamente debido a problemas geocronologicos y a variaciones locales de la velocidad de ascenso del fondo.-Department of Water Sciences, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain. /// Mit Hilfe der vergleichsweise neuen ESR-Altersbestimmungsmethode wurde die Chronostratigraphie der fossilen quartaren Kor-allenriffe auf Barbados untersucht. Dariiber hinaus wurde versucht, die bisher durchgefuhrten Palaomeeresspiegelberechnungen von BENDER et al. (1979) zu uberpriifen. Durch eine intensive Datierung und eine neue morphologische Aufnahme der Riffse-quenzen, die z.B. dem "Barbados-Modell" zur Berechnung der letztinterglazialen sowie spater auch der alteren pleistozanen Hoch-stande dienten, konnte festgestellt werden, dafi eine z.T. betrachtlich hohere Unsicherheit hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit der Hoh-enlagen der Palaomeeresspiegel existiert, als bisher angenommen wurde.

The ages of 24 coral samples from Barbados and the New Hebrides were determined simultaneously by ESR and another independent dating method (α- and MS-U-series and 14C). All parameters for ESR dating were determined, without cross-calibration, with another dating method (including thermal stability and effective α-efficiency). The results show a relatively good concordance. Furthermore, a systematic ESR dating study on the reef tracts of Barbados (83 samples) revealed satisfactory agreement between ESR and U-series data whereas previously published View the MathML source data seemed to show open system behaviour. The thermal stability of the ESR signal at g = 2.0007 (±0.0002) estimated to be in the range of 500 ka does not seem to have an apparent influence on the ESR results.

[eng] A flowstone core from the Cova de Sa Basa Blanca (SBB), Mallorca, was dated by means of ESR. This systematic investigation shows that the precipitation of this flowstone took place in several time-periods. It began at about 700,000 a and finished at the end of the penultimate interglaciation at about 200,000 a., [spa] Una muestra de material estalagmítico parietal procedente de la Cova de Sa Bassa Blanca (testigo n.º21/campaña de muestreo de marzo-81) ha sido datada mediante la técnica de Resonancia de Spin Electrónico (E.S.R.). Las investigaciones realizadas sistemáticamente sobre dicha muestra han puesto de manifiesto que la precipitación de esta secuencia de espeleotemas tuvo lugar en varios períodos de tiempo; habiendo comenzado en torno a los 700.000 años y acabando hacia el final del penúltimo inter- glacial, hace alrededor de 200.000 años.