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Masalah investasi yang tidak efisien selalu menjadi topik penelitian yang penting, sementara masalah tata kelola perusahaan masih relatif menonjol, dan kualitas informasi akuntansi yang tidak sempurna, sehingga terjadi over-investment dan under-investment, yang semuanya berdampak pada stagnasi. Masalah sosial yang terus muncul juga memperdalam kontradiksi antara pemangku kepentingan terkait. Ditambah dengan ketidakstabilan pasar keuangan internasional, masalah ekonomi dan perdagangan juga berdampak negatif pada perkembangan perusahaan, dan perusahaan harus menghadapi masalah asimetri informasi dan keagenan, yang berdampak pada non-profitabilitas perusahaan. investasi efisiensi. Makalah ini menganalisis secara mendalam masalah investasi yang tidak efisien dari perspektif tata kelola perusahaan dan kualitas informasi akuntansi, serta menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk melihat efisiensi investasi perusahaan secara lebih komprehensif. Pengambilan keputusan investasi selalu menjadi salah satu masalah keuangan yang paling diperhatikan bagi perusahaan - semakin efektif investasi, semakin dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi perusahaan dan meningkatkan daya saing industrinya. Sebaliknya, investasi yang tidak efektif akan menghambat perkembangan perusahaan yang ramah dan melemahkan daya saing pasar mereka.Oleh karena itu, sangat penting bagi perusahaan untuk mempelajari bagaimana mencapai efisiensi investasi perusahaan yang optimal.

This paper aims to study the social effects of new media of People’s Daily, one of the world’s top 10 newspapers, on its coverage of COVID-19 epidemic. Due to its unique advantages in news reporting, new media plays an irreplaceable role in the reporting of public health emergencies. In the face of COVID-19 epidemic, the three major new media platforms of People’s Daily (Microblog, WeChat and Tik Tok) have differentiated their reports according to their platform characteristics and audience preferences, thus effectively fulfilling their media functions. By collecting and analyzing relevant data of COVID-19 coverage by the three media platforms of People’s Daily, this paper explores the change trend of the number of reports and their content, and points out the organic integration of media platforms can optimize the communication effect in Chinese society. En este trabajo nos adentramos en el efecto de los nuevos medios digitales del Diario del Pueblo, uno de los diez periódicos más conocidos del mundo, ante la COVID-19. Los nuevos medios, gracias a las ventajas distintivas, desempeñan un papel insustituible en la cobertura informativa de la emergencia sanitaria pública. Frente a esta crisis, los tres nuevos medios (Microblog, Wechat, Douyin ) del Diario del Pueblo realizaron las funciones de los medios de comunicación a través de los informes diferenciados según las características de plataformas y las preferencias de audiencias. El artículo busca presentar y analizar cómo integrar orgánicamente los nuevos medios digitales del Diario del Pueblo para el efecto de transmisión óptima en la sociedad china ante la pandemia de la COVID-19 con base en la recopilación de datos y el análisis de estadísticas.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of an austenitic heat-resistant steel (12Cr18Ni12Ti) serviced in a supercritical power plant at 570 °C/25.4 MPa for 160,000 h were investigated. The results show that the hardness and the tensile strength did not decrease; however, the impact toughness was remarkably reduced. The TiC precipitate shows excellent thermostability; for example, it hardly grew up, and no big M23C6 carbides were found. However, large Fe, Cr-rich σ-phase was doomed to precipitate along grain boundary, which should be responsible for the reduced toughness. The growth of σ-phase was observed to have an interaction with the preexisted carbides.

This paper reports the fabrication, testing and obtained performance of a plasmonic sensor employing a gold (Au) nanohole array chip coated with tungsten disulphide (WS2), which is then functionalized for the detection of protein-protein interactions. A key novelty is that the WS2 was deposited as a monoatomic layer using a wafer-scale synthesis method that successfully provided a film of both high quality and uniform thickness. The deposited WS2 film was transferred onto a Au nanohole array chip using a novel method and was subsequently functionalized with biotin. The final sensor was tested and it demonstrated efficient real-time and label-free plasmonic detection of biotin-streptavidin coupling. Specifically, compared to a standard (i.e. uncoated) Au nanohole-based sensor, our WS2-coated Au nanohole array boosted the spectral shift of the resonance wavelength by ∼190%, resulting in a 7.64-fold improvement of the limit of detection (LOD). National Research Foundation (NRF) Submitted/Accepted version This work was supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) and French National Research Agency (ANR), grant number (NRF2017–ANR002 2DPS).

Microstructural evolution and mechanical property degradation of the newly developed G115 steel during thermal exposure are highly important for the safe power plant operation. In this paper, the microstructural stability and strength as well as impact toughness were investigated after aging at 650°C and 700°C up to 5000 h. It was found that when aged at 650°C in the G115 steel, the size of M23C6 carbides and the width of martensitic laths had little change even increasing aging time up to 5000 h. Both the room-temperature and high-temperature strengths remained stable after aging for 5000 h. In comparison, after aging at 700°C, high-density Laves phases precipitated accompanied by coarsening with increasing aging time. The majority of martensitic lath structure was replaced by sub-grains and the strength decreased linearly. Most importantly, the impact toughness of G115 steel aged at both 650°C and 700°C decreased sharply and embrittlement occurred rapidly in the initial aging period. The evidence provided by fracture morphologies proved that Laves phase was the culprit of decreasing the impact toughness.

Data compression is becoming critical for storing scientific data because many scientific applications need to store large amounts of data and post process this data for scientific discovery. Unlike image and video compression algorithms that limit errors to primary data, scientists require compression techniques that accurately preserve derived quantities of interest (QoIs). This paper presents a physics-informed compression technique implemented as an end-to-end, scalable, GPU-based pipeline for data compression that addresses this requirement. Our hybrid compression technique combines machine learning techniques and standard compression methods. Specifically, we combine an autoencoder, an error-bounded lossy compressor to provide guarantees on raw data error, and a constraint satisfaction post-processing step to preserve the QoIs within a minimal error (generally less than floating point error). The effectiveness of the data compression pipeline is demonstrated by compressing nuclear fusion simulation data generated by a large-scale fusion code, XGC, which produces hundreds of terabytes of data in a single day. Our approach works within the ADIOS framework and results in compression by a factor of more than 150 while requiring only a few percent of the computational resources necessary for generating the data, making the overall approach highly effective for practical scenarios.

The reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) analysis method and the RCM implementation process for dynamic equipment in petrochemical ammonia-related systems were introduced. The operation situation, key roles, and potential risks were clarified through data analysis and system screening in ammonia dynamic equipment, and FMEA was used to analyze the failure mode. Then the risk of each failure mode was managed hierarchically, a suitable risk assessment standard and risk matrix were developed for the enterprise, and a suitable maintenance strategy was formulated for the risk level of each failure mode.

Rapid growth in scientific data and a widening gap between computational speed and I/O bandwidth makes it increasingly infeasible to store and share all data produced by scientific simulations. Instead, we need methods for reducing data volumes: ideally, methods that can scale data volumes adaptively so as to enable negotiation of performance and fidelity tradeoffs in different situations. Multigrid-based hierarchical data representations hold promise as a solution to this problem, allowing for flexible conversion between different fidelities so that, for example, data can be created at high fidelity and then transferred or stored at lower fidelity via logically simple and mathematically sound operations. However, the effective use of such representations has been hindered until now by the relatively high costs of creating, accessing, reducing, and otherwise operating on such representations. We describe here highly optimized data refactoring kernels for GPU accelerators that enable efficient creation and manipulation of data in multigrid-based hierarchical forms. We demonstrate that our optimized design can achieve up to 264 TB/s aggregated data refactoring throughput -- 92% of theoretical peak -- on 1024 nodes of the Summit supercomputer. We showcase our optimized design by applying it to a large-scale scientific visualization workflow and the MGARD lossy compression software., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2007.04457

In October 2019, the NEID instrument (PI Suvrath Mahadevan, PSU) was delivered to the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. Commissioning began shortly after delivery, but was paused due to a COVID-19 imposed observatory shutdown in March 2020. The observatory has recently reopened and NEID commissioning has resumed. NEID is an optical (380-930 nm), fiber-fed, precision Doppler radial velocity system developed as part of the NN-EXPLORE partnership. While the spectrometer and calibration system are maintained in a highly controlled environment on the basement level of the WIYN, the NEID Port Adapter mounts directly to a bent-Cassegrain port on the telescope and is responsible for precisely and stably placing target light on the science fibers. Here we present a brief overview of the as-built Port Adapter and its sub-components. We then discuss preliminary on-sky performance compared to requirements as well as next steps as we complete commissioning.

Grade 91 steel has high creep strength and has been used as the material of piping in 600°C USC power plants in China. The Grade 91 materials used in actual power plants are useful in estimating the changes of material properties caused by long-term aging and damage at low stress conditions. An understanding of the long-term microstructural evolution under actually used conditions is a key for the improvement of these heat resistant steels. In this article, microstructural evolution of Grade 91 steel under different service conditions in Chinese power plants was studied using optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. The results show, M23C6, MX (V-rich particles; Nb-rich particles), and Laves phases were found to precipitate. A quantitative characterisation of microstructure evolution was evaluated during long-term exposure, focusing on the size of precipitates (M23C6 carbides, Laves phase, MX phase) for the Grade 91 steel after long-term service.

Dehua Liao,1,2,* Yun Chen,1,* Yujin Guo,3 Changshui Wang,4 Ni Liu,1 Qian Gong,1 Yingzhou Fu,1 Yilan Fu,1 Lizhi Cao,1 Dunwu Yao,1 Pei Jiang3 1Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Translational Medicine, Jining Life Science Center, Jining, Shandong 272000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Pei Jiang Tel/ Fax + 86 537 2106208Email jiangpeicsu@sina.comIntroduction: Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric illnesses which leads to a huge social and economic burden on modern society. So, it is necessary to develop an effective and safe pharmacological intervention for depression. Accumulating evidence has shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 (AMPK/SIRT1) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of depression. Our present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect and possible mechanisms of salvianolic acid B (SalB) in a chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression model in rats.Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group with no stressor, CMS group and CMS+SalB (30 mg/kg/d) group. After administration for 28 consecutive days, the behavior tests were performed. The rats were sacrificed after behavior tests, and the brain tissues were collected for biochemical analysis.Results: It was observed that the administration of SalB for 28 consecutive days successfully corrected the depressive-like behaviors in CMS-treated rats. SalB could effectively reduce the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein. In addition, inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) protein expression was significantly increased after the administration of SalB. Moreover, SalB could effectively decrease protein expression of oxidative stress markers such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase the activity of catalase (CAT). SalB treatment also reversed CMS-induced inhibition of Nrf2 signaling pathway, along with increasing the mRNA expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Regarding the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, the protein expressions of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 kD (GRP78) were also significantly reduced after SalB administration. Furthermore, the supplementation of SalB could effectively activate the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, which indicated significant increase in pAMPK/AMPK ratio and SIRT1 protein expression.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that SalB relieved CMS-induced depressive-like state through the mitigation of inflammatory status, oxidative stress, and the activation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.Keywords: SalB, depression, CMS, AMPK/SIRT1

Silicon photonics attracted much attention in past decades, but it is challenging for silicon laser source because of its indirect bandgap. The long-wavelength InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) laser monolithically grown on Ge substrate has been reported. Promising performance was reported by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In this paper, gas source MBE was tried for the growth of InAs QD lasers on Ge. InAs QD laser is demonstrated in continuous wave mode at room temperature, with wavelengths covering 1.0-1.3 microns. The lowest threshold current density was obtained as 48 A/cm2 with an output power of several tens of mW.

This White Paper presents a mission concept called MIRECLE - the Mid-InfraRed Exoplanet CLimate Explorer. With a moderately sized aperture of 2 meters, broad wavelength coverage (4 - 25 um), and next generation instruments, MIRECLE will be capable of efficiently characterizing a statistically significant sample of terrestrial planets, many of which will be in their host stars's habitable zones. Spectroscopic characterization of terrestrial atmospheres will provide constraints for the distribution of planets with tenuous vs. substantial atmospheres, on the inner and outer edges of the habitable zone, and climate models to assess the potential for habitability. For the few brightest targets, the detection of specific combinations of molecules would provide evidence of biosignatures. For all other targets, this comprehensive survey would filter out the airless, desiccated, or lifeless worlds, thus providing a subset of potentially habitable worlds ready for in-depth atmospheric characterization using a larger aperture telescope., Comment: Astro2020: Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics APC White Paper

Cardiac-cerebral thrombosis and malignant tumor endanger the safety of human life seriously. Traditional chemotherapy drugs have side effects which restrict their applications. Drug-loaded microbubbles can be destroyed by ultrasound irradiation at the focus position and be used for thrombolysis and tumor therapy. Compared with traditional drug treatment, the drug-loaded microbubbles can be excited by ultrasound and release drugs to lesion sites, increasing the local drug concentration and the exposure dose to nonfocal regions, thus reducing the cytotoxicity and side effects of drugs. This article reviews the applications of drug-loaded microbubbles combined with ultrasound for thrombolysis and tumor therapy. We focus on highlighting the advantages of using this new technique for disease treatment and concluding with recommendations for future efforts on the applications of this technology.

To further develop the application of SPT in the life assessment for high-temperature components of utility boiler, this paper analyses the microstructure of the common steel of SA-335P91 with the treatment of high temperature aging by OM, SEM, EDS and XRD, tests the normal tensile properties and the mechanical properties from SPT, and studies the relationship of the two kinds of mechanical properties. The results shows, after high temperature aging with 630-640°C×3000h of SA-335P91 steel, the size of precipitate in the microstructure grows from small to big, the number from many to a few, the distribution from grain inner and boundary to only boundary, and the tensile strength and yield strength of materials display the downtrend. More than ever, the experiments demonstrate the SPT is scientific, reasonable and feasible in non-destructive testing and the life assessment of SA-335P91 steel using in utility boiler, and the two fitting formulas are: σ s=0.5398Py /t2–49.456; σb =0.0732P max/t0 2 +105.59.

Today’s coal-fired power plants in China are tasked with flexible operations, pushing for maximum output during peak price periods, and transitioning to low-load and multi-shift operation. These practices can accelerate material fatigue damage in major power plants components. Tubes in such applications are vulnerable to temperature and stress fluctuations, as a consequence the material may enter the fatigue regime, and fatigue cracks and fracture may subsequently occur with serious consequences. In this article, the failure of waterwall tubes in a supercritical boiler was analyzed, a full investigation into the failure cause was carried out involving in visual examination, optical microscope, mechanical test and phase analysis. The results show that the failure occurred due to thermal fatigue caused by temperature change. And recommendations are offered to help avoid similar failures in the future.

China has the most supercritical boilers in the world. Grade 91 steels are widely used for high temperature components of supercritical boiler. During high temperature service, microstructural evolution of Grade 91 steel may affect the mechanical properties, including creep strength. However, there are very few studies on quantitative assessment of microstructural evolution for Grade 91 steel, especially on precipitates content. In this article, microstructural evolution of Grade 91 was studied. A quantitative assessment of microstructure evolution was given during long-term creep, focusing on the precipitated phase content in Grade 91 steel. The results show, the precipitates content of Grade 91 steel has a corresponding relationship with creep damage.

Cinema, an extremely popular and useful cultural form during the Maoist era, played a big role in shaping working class subjectivity. This article argues that despite their highly politicised and formalised content, industrial-themed films made during the Cultural Revolution created a “masters of the nation” subjectivity that still resonates with workers who grew up watching these films. In doing so, this article brings together two bodies of scholarship that rarely make reference to one another: filmmaking in the Cultural Revolution period and post-Mao workers’ subjectivity. Post-Mao scholarship has gone beyond simply dismissing films from the Cultural Revolution period as crude propaganda designed to create a highly politicised mass mind. It has drawn our attention to the more complicated nature of this body of filmmaking, particularly the “model play” films. However, new features made during the Cultural Revolution are often seen as “too ideological” to warrant academic attention. This paper attempts to find out how the “masters of the nation” discourse still resonates with workers who grew up watching these films. It argues that, despite the valorisation of workers as the privileged class and an excessive focus on class struggle, these films have indeed endowed the subaltern with the kind of agency that is lacking in contemporary media representations of workers.

Reading Bai Ruoyun’s book Staging Corruption: Chinese Television and Politics is even more fascinating while watching the 55-episode anti-corruption television drama In the Name of the People (Renmin de mingyi 人民的名义). This top-rating serial, created to spotlight Xi Jinping’s crackdown on corruption, attracted millions of viewers. Many saw it as resurrecting a genre that had been in decline since 2004, when the government suddenly slapped a ban on the topic. The popularity of the serial serves...

Figure S2. Phylogenetic analysis of GSK3 proteins in Arabidopsis, rice, and species of cotton. 10 AtSKs, 15 OsSKs, 20 GhSKs, 10 GaSKs, and 10 GrSKs are divided into four clades. The four clades are respectively colored in cyan, reddish brown, violet, and green. The tree was constructed by Minimum-Evolution using Poisson model of MEGA 6.0. (PDF 301 kb)

Figure S6. The weighted gene co-expression analysis sub-network of GhSK32 and GhSK34 were visualized by Cytoscape software. (PDF 7454 kb)

Figure S5. The GO (a) and KEGG (b) enrichment of weighted co-expressed genes of the brown module (GhSK32) as predicted by â WGCNAâ R package with published transcriptomics data. (PDF 149 kb)

Figure S7. 20 GhSKs expression patterns in response to BL treatment were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The relative expression levels of CK (0 h) were normalized to 1. Data are the mean ± SE of three independent experiments. (PDF 459 kb)

Figure S1. Multiple sequence alignments of the kinase domains of Arabidopsis, rice, and cotton. Amino acids are shaded in black, dark and light grey based on sequence similarity (high to low). The kinase-inactivating mutation bin2 that suppresses gain of function are highlighted in light green. The conserved phosphate-binding residues are highlighted in orange. The conversed tyrosine phosphorylated residue is highlighted in red. The conserved TRRE box in which the three residues (T, E, and E) that lead to BIN2 gain of function are included are highlighted in green. (PDF 3258 kb)

Figure S3. Motif logos of 16 conserved motifs found in cotton GSK proteins. (PDF 817 kb)

Figure S4. Cis-regulatory elements predicted in the promoter regions of cotton GSK genes. (PDF 173 kb)

Direct imaging of exoplanets has become a priority in the field of exoplanet discovery and characterization due to its ability to directly obtain evidence about a planet’s atmosphere and some bulk properties. Features such as atmospheric composition, structure and clouds are just some of the planetary properties obtainable from directly imaged spectra. However, detecting and observing spectra of exoplanets using direct imaging is challenging due to the combination of extreme star to planet contrast ratios and the relatively small apparent physical separation between a host star and an orbiting planet. Detection of Earth-sized planets in reflected visible light requires contrast ratios of 10^(10), while even detection of Jupiter-sized planets and large young self-luminous planets requires contrast ratios of 10^8 and 10^6, respectively. Consequently, direct detection of exoplanets requires observing strategies which push the boundaries of high contrast imaging. The use of coronagraphy to occult a host star has been combined with adaptive optics (AO) technology to yield a particularly promising means of potentially achieving the required contrast ratios in regions close-in enough to the host star. Ground based adaptive optics systems such as The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) and Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument have been able to achieve contrast ratios nearing 10^7 using post-processing techniques and have yielded a number of direct detections of young self-luminous planets. Advancing these technologies onto a space based platform immune to the difficulties posed by the effects of Earth’s atmosphere is the next step in accessing even larger contrast ratios.

Supercritical steam generator is a complex system, many factors affect its safety. According to relevant laws, regulations and standards, from three aspects including equipment conditions, operating conditions and technical management, the risk factors of supercritical steam generator are comprehensively analyzed. And a multi-level structure model is developed on the basis of above analysis. The results improve the safety management level of supercritical steam generator, and provide an important and scientific basis for the safety evaluation of supercritical steam generator.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea is a complex pathological process, involving ion channel regulation and water efflux. While the mechanism underlying water efflux in ETEC-induced diarrhea is still largely unknown, aquaporins (AQPs) play important roles in transcellular water movement, but their expression profile has not been demonstrated in the murine small intestine. We identified AQP3 expression in the jejunum, but not the duodenum or ileum, using reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry showed that AQP3 localized to the jejunum villi epithelial cells. Using an ETEC-induced murine diarrhea model, we demonstrated that both AQP3 mRNA expression and protein concentration in the jejunum were gradually but significantly decreased over 7 d compared with controls. These results suggested impaired water influx also plays an important role in ETEC-induced diarrhea.

To explore the effects of the shock wave on the capacity of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) to proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts.MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of healthy donors. The human bone marrow MSCs(BM-MSCs) were divided into 3 groups including blank control group,osteoinduced group and shock wave group. The MSCs in blank control group were cultured with common mediam; the MSCs in osteoinduced group were treated with osteogenic agents and cultured; the MSCs in shock wave group were cultured with common medium and stimulated by shock wave. The morphology of MSCs in each groups were observed by micoscopy; the CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation ability of MSCs; the alkaline phosphatase staining and von Kossa staining were used to evaluale the differentiation potential of MSCs in each groups.The results of CCK-8 revealed the shock wave could promote cell proliferation as compared with blank control group. The results of alkaline phosphatase and Von Kossa staining showed that the shock wave displayed a stronger ability to promote the human BMMSC differentiation into osteoblasts cells in comparison with the osteoinduced group. The blank control group was weakly positively stainined.The shock wave treatment can promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

The primers sequences used for GaMYB85 study. (DOCX 13 kb)

Alignment of GaMYB85 with the deduced homologous amino acid sequences of R2R3 MYB retrieved from Blastp NCBI and known R2R3 MYB. (DOCX 469 kb)

Phylogenetic tree of WOX genes indicating that WOX genes could be divided into three clades. MEGA 7.0 was used for constructing the tree using the minimum-evolution method. The inner circle is marked in purple, green, and orange representing the WUS, intermediate, and ancient clades, respectively. The bootstrap values are shown near the nodes, and only those values greater than 50 are displayed. (PDF 855 kb)

The Prototype Imaging Spectrograph for Coronagraphic Exoplanet Studies (PISCES) is a high contrast integral field spectrograph (IFS) whose design was driven by WFIRST coronagraph instrument requirements. We present commissioning and operational results using PISCES as a camera on the High Contrast Imaging Testbed at JPL. PISCES has demonstrated ability to achieve high contrast spectral retrieval with flight-like data reduction and analysis techniques., Comment: Author's copy - Proceedings of SPIE Volume 10400. Citation to SPIE proceedings volume will be added when available

Information on duplicated genes. (DOCX 18 kb)

Survival percentage of 35S:GaMYB85 transgenic plants in 6% BASTA selection medium. (DOCX 11 kb)

Screening process of stable transgenic T4 lines and the effects of over-expressing GaRPL18 in A. thaliana. a, b, c The process of product homozygous T3 lines. d Detection of positive lines. e The expression levels of GaRPL18 were determined by qRT-PCR using AtUBQ10 as an internal control gene. Error bars represent the standard deviation of three biological replicates. f The observation of seeds of GaRPL18-Transgenic A. thaliana and WT. g Seed weight per 1,000 mature dried seeds. h Seed length and seed width. i The ratio of length to width. (PDF 9473Â kb)

Phylogenetic tree of WOX genes indicating that WOX genes could be divided into three clades. MEGA 7.0 was used for constructing the tree using the minimum-evolution method. The inner circle is marked in purple, green, and orange representing the WUS, intermediate, and ancient clades, respectively. The bootstrap values are shown near the nodes, and only those values greater than 50 are displayed. (PDF 855 kb)

Bioinformatics sequence analysis of GaMYB85 protein. (DOC 660 kb)

Location of cotton WOX genes on chromosomes. The red dotted lines link the orthologs located on At and Dt. (PDF 508 kb)

The primers used in present study for qPCR. (DOCX 16 kb)

Comparative analysis of GhWOX1_At and Gh_D12G2554. (a) The collinearity analysis between chromosome A12 from 86,759,600 bp to 86,860,416 bp and D12. (b) An indel on D12 resulted in coding sequence that is divergent in GhWOX1_At and Gh_D12G2554. (c) Amino sequence alignment of GhWOX1_At and Gh_D12G2554). (PDF 599 kb)

Comparative analysis of GhWOX1_At and Gh_D12G2554. (a) The collinearity analysis between chromosome A12 from 86,759,600 bp to 86,860,416 bp and D12. (b) An indel on D12 resulted in coding sequence that is divergent in GhWOX1_At and Gh_D12G2554. (c) Amino sequence alignment of GhWOX1_At and Gh_D12G2554). (PDF 599 kb)