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13 results on '"Gläser, Sven"'

2. SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Response in Severe and Fatal COVID-19 in Primary Antibody Deficiency Patients Without Specific Humoral Immunity

Author

Steiner, Sophie, Schwarz, Tatjana, Corman, Victor M., Gebert, Laura, Kleinschmidt, Malte C., Wald, Alexandra, Gläser, Sven, Kruse, Jan M., Zickler, Daniel, Peric, Alexander, Meisel, Christian, Meyer, Tim, Staudacher, Olga L., Wittke, Kirsten, Kedor, Claudia, Bauer, Sandra, Besher, Nabeel Al, Kalus, Ulrich, Pruß, Axel, Drosten, Christian, Volk, Hans-Dieter, Scheibenbogen, Carmen, and Hanitsch, Leif G.

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, T-Lymphocytes, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Antibodies, Viral, Immunity, Humoral, type I interferons, convalescent plasma (CP), Interferon Type I, primary immunodeficiencies (PID), Humans, RNA, Viral, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primary antibody deficiency (PAD), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), innate immunity, COVID-19 Serotherapy, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

Morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 is increased in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Age and comorbidities and also impaired type I interferon immunity were identified as relevant risk factors. In patients with primary antibody deficiency (PAD) and lack of specific humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, clinical disease outcome is very heterogeneous. Despite extensive clinical reports, underlying immunological mechanisms are poorly characterized and levels of T cellular and innate immunity in severe cases remain to be determined. In the present study, we report clinical and immunological findings of 5 PAD patients with severe and fatal COVID-19 and undetectable specific humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Reactive T cells to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (NCAP) peptide pools were analyzed comparatively by flow cytometry in PAD patients, convalescents and naive healthy individuals. All examined PAD patients developed a robust T cell response. The presence of polyfunctional cytokine producing activated CD4(+) T cells indicates a memory-like phenotype. An analysis of innate immune response revealed elevated CD169 (SIGLEC1) expression on monocytes, a surrogate marker for type I interferon response, and presence of type I interferon autoantibodies was excluded. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detectable in peripheral blood in three severe COVID-19 patients with PAD. Viral clearance in blood was observed after treatment with COVID-19 convalescent plasma/monoclonal antibody administration. However, prolonged mucosal viral shedding was observed in all patients (median 67 days) with maximum duration of 127 days. PAD patients without specific humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity may suffer from severe or fatal COVID-19 despite robust T cell and normal innate immune response. Intensified monitoring for long persistence of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and (prophylactic) convalescent plasma/specific IgG as beneficial treatment option in severe cases with RNAemia should be considered in seronegative PAD patients.

Published
2022
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6. Additional file 1: Table S1. of Health related quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in clinical practice: insights-IPF registry

Author

Kreuter, Michael, Swigris, Jeff, Pittrow, David, Geier, Silke, Klotsche, Jens, Prasse, Antje, Wirtz, Hubert, Koschel, Dirk, Andreas, Stefan, Claussen, Martin, Grohé, Christian, Wilkens, Henrike, Hagmeyer, Lars, Skowasch, Dirk, Meyer, Joachim, Kirschner, Joachim, Gläser, Sven, Herth, Felix, Welte, Tobias, Neurohr, Claus, Schwaiblmair, Martin, Held, Matthias, Bahmer, Thomas, Frankenberger, Marion, and Behr, Jürgen

Subjects
humanities
Abstract

Comparison of baseline characteristics of patients with and without available QoL data (total enrolled patients n = 737). (DOCX 15 kb)

Published
2017
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7. Integrative pathway genomics of lung function and airflow obstruction

Author

Lahousse, Lies, North, Kari E., Wilson, James F., Smith, Albert Vernon, Surakka, Ida, Wain, Louise V., Vitart, Veronique, Morrison, Alanna C., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Rawal, Rajesh, Alves, Alexessander C., Obeidat, Ma'en, Huffman, Jennifer E., Wilk, Jemma B., Zhao, Jing Hua, Brody, Jennifer A., Loth, Daan W., Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Hancock, Dana B., Hofman, Albert, Tang, Wenbo, Evans, David M., Deary, Ian J., Strachan, David P., Hui, Jennie, Soler Artigas, María, Gharib, Sina A., Manichaikul, Ani, Birkland, Timothy P., Imboden, Medea, Gläser, Sven, and Boezen, H. Marike

Abstract

Chronic respiratory disorders are important contributors to the global burden of disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of lung function measures have identified several trait-associated loci, but explain only a modest portion of the phenotypic variability. We postulated that integrating pathway-based methods with GWASs of pulmonary function and airflow obstruction would identify a broader repertoire of genes and processes influencing these traits. We performed two independent GWASs of lung function and applied gene set enrichment analysis to one of the studies and validated the results using the second GWAS. We identified 131 significantly enriched gene sets associated with lung function and clustered them into larger biological modules involved in diverse processes including development, immunity, cell signaling, proliferation and arachidonic acid. We found that enrichment of gene sets was not driven by GWAS-significant variants or loci, but instead by those with less stringent association P-values. Next, we applied pathway enrichment analysis to a meta-analyzed GWAS of airflow obstruction. We identified several biologic modules that functionally overlapped with those associated with pulmonary function. However, differences were also noted, including enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) processes specifically in the airflow obstruction study. Network analysis of the ECM module implicated a candidate gene, matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10), as a putative disease target. We used a knockout mouse model to functionally validate MMP10's role in influencing lung's susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. By integrating pathway analysis with population-based genomics, we unraveled biologic processes underlying pulmonary function traits and identified a candidate gene for obstructive lung disease.

Published
2015
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8. Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function

Author

Soler Artigas, María, Loth, Daan W, Wain, Louise V, Gharib, Sina A, Obeidat, Ma'en, Tang, Wenbo, Zhai, Guangju, Zhao, Jing Hua, Smith, Albert Vernon, Huffman, Jennifer E, Albrecht, Eva, Jackson, Catherine M, Evans, David M, Cadby, Gemma, Fornage, Myriam, Manichaikul, Ani, Lopez, Lorna M, Johnson, Toby, Aldrich, Melinda C, Aspelund, Thor, Barroso, Inês, Campbell, Harry, Cassano, Patricia A, Couper, David J, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Franceschini, Nora, Garcia, Melissa, Gieger, Christian, Gislason, Gauti Kjartan, Grkovic, Ivica, Hammond, Christopher J, Hancock, Dana B, Harris, Tamara B, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Heckbert, Susan R, Heliövaara, Markku, Homuth, Georg, Hysi, Pirro G, James, Alan L, Jankovic, Stipan, Joubert, Bonnie R, Karrasch, Stefan, Klopp, Norman, Koch, Beate, Kritchevsky, Stephen B, Launer, Lenore J, Liu, Yongmei, Loehr, Laura R, Lohman, Kurt, Loos, Ruth JF, Lumley, Thomas, Al Balushi, Khalid A, Ang, Wei Q, Barr, R Graham, Beilby, John, Blakey, John D, Boban, Mladen, Boraska, Vesna, Brisman, Jonas, Britton, John R, Brusselle, Guy G, Cooper, Cyrus, Curjuric, Ivan, Dahgam, Santosh, Deary, Ian J, Ebrahim, Shah, Eijgelsheim, Mark, Francks, Clyde, Gaysina, Darya, Granell, Raquel, Gu, Xiangjun, Hankinson, John L, Hardy, Rebecca, Harris, Sarah E, Henderson, John, Henry, Amanda, Hingorani, Aroon D, Hofman, Albert, Holt, Patrick G, Hui, Jennie, Hunter, Michael L, Imboden, Medea, Jameson, Karen A, Kerr, Shona M, Kolcic, Ivana, Kronenberg, Florian, Liu, Jason Z, Marchini, Jonathan, McKeever, Tricia, Morris, Andrew D, Olin, Anna-Carin, Porteous, David J, Postma, Dirkje S, Rich, Stephen S, Ring, Susan M, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rochat, Thierry, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Sayers, Ian, Sly, Peter D, Smith, George Davey, Sood, Akshay, Starr, John M, Uitterlinden, André G, Vonk, Judith M, Wannamethee, S Goya, Whincup, Peter H, Wijmenga, Cisca, Williams, O Dale, Wong, Andrew, Mangino, Massimo, Marciante, Kristin D, McArdle, Wendy L, Meibohm, Bernd, Morrison, Alanna C, North, Kari E, Omenaas, Ernst, Palmer, Lyle J, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pin, Isabelle, Pola Sbreve Ek, Ozren, Pouta, Anneli, Psaty, Bruce M, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Rantanen, Taina, Ripatti, Samuli, Rotter, Jerome I, Rudan, Igor, Rudnicka, Alicja R, Schulz, Holger, Shin, So-Youn, Spector, Tim D, Surakka, Ida, Vitart, Veronique, Völzke, Henry, Wareham, Nicholas J, Warrington, Nicole M, Wichmann, H-Erich, Wild, Sarah H, Wilk, Jemma B, Wjst, Matthias, Wright, Alan F, Zgaga, Lina, Zemunik, Tatijana, Pennell, Craig E, Nyberg, Fredrik, Kuh, Diana, Holloway, John W, Boezen, H Marike, Lawlor, Debbie A, Morris, Richard W, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, International Lung Cancer Consortium, GIANT consortium, Kaprio, Jaakko, Wilson, James F, Hayward, Caroline, Kähönen, Mika, Heinrich, Joachim, Musk, Arthur W, Jarvis, Deborah L, Gläser, Sven, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Ch Stricker, Bruno H, Elliott, Paul, O'Connor, George T, Strachan, David P, London, Stephanie J, Hall, Ian P, Gudnason, Vilmundur, and Tobin, Martin D

Abstract

Pulmonary function measures reflect respiratory health and are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. We identified new regions showing association (combined P < 5 × 10(-8)) with pulmonary function in or near MFAP2, TGFB2, HDAC4, RARB, MECOM (also known as EVI1), SPATA9, ARMC2, NCR3, ZKSCAN3, CDC123, C10orf11, LRP1, CCDC38, MMP15, CFDP1 and KCNE2. Identification of these 16 new loci may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating pulmonary function and into molecular targets for future therapy to alleviate reduced lung function.

Published
2011

9. Influence of age, sex, body size, smoking, and beta blockade on key gas exchange exercise parameters in an adult population

Author

James E. Hansen, Till Ittermann, Stephan B. Felix, Völzke Henry, Beate Koch, Ralf Ewert, Dörr Marcus, Schäper Christoph, and Gläser Sven

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, Epidemiology, Population, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Adult population, Body size, β blockade, Oxygen Consumption, Sex Factors, Predictive Value of Tests, Reference Values, Internal medicine, Germany, medicine, Tidal Volume, Body Size, Humans, Obesity, education, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Exercise Tolerance, business.industry, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Smoking, Age Factors, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Reference values, Breathing, Cardiology, Physical therapy, Exercise Test, Linear Models, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a widely applied clinical procedure. There is uncertainty to what extent nutritional status, beta blockers and smoking should be taken into account in the interpretation of exercise parameters to describe abnormality. This study planned to consider the impact of these factors on CPET values and develop reference equations on the basis of a large-scale population-based survey.An incremental cycle exercise protocol was applied to 1708 volunteers. Individuals with structural heart disease, echocardiographic or lung function pathologies were excluded. Age, height, weight, smoking, and beta blockers were analysed for their influencing power in each sex. Reference values of CPET parameters were determined by regression analyses. The final study sample consisted of 1203 volunteers (626 female), aged 25-85 years. Exercise capacity, gas exchange, and ventilatory efficiency for carbon dioxide removal were significantly dependent on sex, age, height, weight, and cigarette smoking. In the dosages used, beta blockers did not significantly interfere with gas exchange.Sex, height, weight, and age significantly influence gas exchange. This study provides a comprehensive set of reference values in a large number of volunteers within a population-based survey, with reference values corrected for influencing factors.

Published
2010

10. Auswirkungen von Steuervereinfachungen: Abschlussbericht Forschungsprojekt I C 4 - 18/10 im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie

Author

Eichfelder, Sebastian, Evers, Lisa, Gläser, Sven Christian, Heinemann, Friedrich, Jenzen, Holger, Kalb, Alexander, and Misch, Florian

Subjects
Steuervereinfachung, Kosten, ddc:330, Wirkungsanalyse, Finanzverwaltung, Deutschland
Abstract

Das aktuelle budgetpolitische Umfeld bietet eine starke Motivation, Maßnahmen zur Steuervereinfachung in Angriff zu nehmen: Durch gezielte Maßnahmen zur Steuervereinfachung kann in vielen Fällen das Ziel einer wohlfahrts- und wachstumsfördernden Entlastung von Steuerzahlern verfolgt werden ohne dass dadurch notwendigerweise der Finanzierungsspielraum der öffentlichen Haushalte verringert wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat diese Studie eine doppelte Zielsetzung: erstens sollen aussichtsreiche und kurzfristig umsetzbare Maßnahmen der Steuervereinfachung identifiziert werden und zweitens sollen das Kosteneinsparungspotential und die Wirkungen eines solchen Maßnahmenpakets auf das gesamtwirtschaftliche Wachstum abgeschätzt werden. Der Analyse liegt dabei ein weiter Begriff der Kosten der Besteuerung zugrunde. Beru¨cksichtigt werden Kosten fu¨r private Haushalte, Unternehmen und die öffentliche Verwaltung. Unter den Kostenkategorien werden einbezogen: Planungs- oder Steuervermeidungskosten, da Steuerpflichtige ihr Verhalten mit dem Ziel, die Steuerbelastung zu minimieren, optimieren; Steuerbefolgungskosten, die den Steuerpflichtigen bei der Entrichtung der Steuerpflicht entstehen (beispielsweise durch die Sammlung und Aufbewahrung von Belegen oder die Berechnung der Bemessungsgrundlage) und Verwaltungskosten, die bei der Finanzverwaltung im Rahmen der Erhebung der Steuern und der Kontrolle der Steuerpflichtigen anfallen.

Published
2010

11. Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity - A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults

Author

Graff, Mariaelisa, Scott, Robert A, Justice, Anne E, Young, Kristin L, Feitosa, Mary F, Barata, Llilda, Winkler, Thomas W, Chu, Audrey Y, Mahajan, Anubha, Hadley, David, Xue, Luting, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Heard-Costa, Nancy L, Den Hoed, Marcel, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S, Qi, Qibin, Ngwa, Julius S, Renström, Frida, Quaye, Lydia, Eicher, John D, Hayes, James E, Cornelis, Marilyn, Kutalik, Zoltan, Lim, Elise, Luan, Jian'an, Huffman, Jennifer E, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Wei, Griffin, Paula J, Haller, Toomas, Ahmad, Shafqat, Marques-Vidal, Pedro M, Bien, Stephanie, Yengo, Loic, Teumer, Alexander, Smith, Albert Vernon, Kumari, Meena, Harder, Marie Neergaard, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Kleber, Marcus E, Hollensted, Mette, Lohman, Kurt, Rivera, Natalia V, Whitfield, John B, Zhao, Jing Hua, Stringham, Heather M, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Huppertz, Charlotte, Willemsen, Gonneke, Peyrot, Wouter J, Wu, Ying, Kristiansson, Kati, Demirkan, Ayse, Fornage, Myriam, Hassinen, Maija, Bielak, Lawrence F, Cadby, Gemma, Tanaka, Toshiko, Mägi, Reedik, Van Der Most, Peter J, Jackson, Anne U, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L, Vitart, Veronique, Marten, Jonathan, Navarro, Pau, Bellis, Claire, Pasko, Dorota, Johansson, Åsa, Snitker, Søren, Cheng, Yu-Ching, Eriksson, Joel, Lim, Unhee, Aadahl, Mette, Adair, Linda S, Amin, Najaf, Balkau, Beverley, Auvinen, Juha, Beilby, John, Bergman, Richard N, Bergmann, Sven, Bertoni, Alain G, Blangero, John, Bonnefond, Amélie, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Borja, Judith B, Brage, Søren, Busonero, Fabio, Buyske, Steve, Campbell, Harry, Chines, Peter S, Collins, Francis S, Corre, Tanguy, Smith, George Davey, Delgado, Graciela E, Dueker, Nicole, Dörr, Marcus, Ebeling, Tapani, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Esko, Tõnu, Faul, Jessica D, Fu, Mao, Færch, Kristine, Gieger, Christian, Gläser, Sven, Gong, Jian, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Grallert, Harald, Grammer, Tanja B, Grarup, Niels, Van Grootheest, Gerard, Harald, Kennet, Hastie, Nicholas D, Havulinna, Aki S, Hernandez, Dena, Hindorff, Lucia, Hocking, Lynne J, Holmens, Oddgeir L, Holzapfel, Christina, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Huang, Jie, Huang, Tao, Hui, Jennie, Huth, Cornelia, Hutri-Kähönen, Nina, James, Alan L, Jansson, John-Olov, Jhun, Min A, Juonala, Markus, Kinnunen, Leena, Koistinen, Heikki A, Kolcic, Ivana, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kuusisto, Johanna, Kvaløy, Kirsti, Kähönen, Mika, Lakka, Timo A, Launer, Lenore J, Lehne, Benjamin, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Lorentzon, Mattias, Luben, Robert, Marre, Michel, Milaneschi, Yuri, Monda, Keri L, Montgomery, Grant W, De Moor, Marleen HM, Mulas, Antonella, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Musk, AW, Männikkö, Reija, Männistö, Satu, Narisu, Narisu, Nauck, Matthias, Nettleton, Jennifer A, Nolte, Ilja M, Oldehinkel, Albertine J, Olden, Matthias, Ong, Ken K, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Paternoster, Lavinia, Perez, Jeremiah, Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Peters, Ulrike, Peyser, Patricia A, Prokopenko, Inga, Puolijoki, Hannu, Raitakari, Olli T, Rankinen, Tuomo, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J, Rawal, Rajesh, Ridker, Paul M, Rose, Lynda M, Rudan, Igor, Sarti, Cinzia, Sarzynski, Mark A, Savonen, Kai, Scott, William R, Sanna, Serena, Shuldiner, Alan R, Sidney, Steve, Silbernagel, Günther, Smith, Blair H, Smith, Jennifer A, Snieder, Harold, Stančáková, Alena, Sternfeld, Barbara, Swift, Amy J, Tammelin, Tuija, Tan, Sian-Tsung, Thorand, Barbara, Thuillier, Dorothée, Vandenput, Liesbeth, Vestergaard, Henrik, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V, Vohl, Marie-Claude, Völker, Uwe, Waeber, Gérard, Walker, Mark, Wild, Sarah, Wong, Andrew, Wright, Alan F, Zillikens, M Carola, Zubair, Niha, Haiman, Christopher A, Lemarchand, Loic, Gyllensten, Ulf, Ohlsson, Claes, Hofman, Albert, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Uitterlinden, André G, Pérusse, Louis, Wilson, James F, Hayward, Caroline, Polasek, Ozren, Cucca, Francesco, Hveem, Kristian, Hartman, Catharina A, Tönjes, Anke, Bandinelli, Stefania, Palmer, Lyle J, Kardia, Sharon LR, Rauramaa, Rainer, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Salomaa, Veikko, Penninx, Brenda WJH, De Geus, Eco JC, Boomsma, Dorret I, Lehtimäki, Terho, Mangino, Massimo, Laakso, Markku, Bouchard, Claude, Martin, Nicholas G, Kuh, Diana, Liu, Yongmei, Linneberg, Allan, März, Winfried, Strauch, Konstantin, Kivimäki, Mika, Harris, Tamara B, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Völzke, Henry, Qi, Lu, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Chambers, John C, Kooner, Jaspal S, Froguel, Philippe, Kooperberg, Charles, Vollenweider, Peter, Hallmans, Göran, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Metspalu, Andres, Wareham, Nicholas J, Langenberg, Claudia, Weir, David R, Porteous, David J, Boerwinkle, Eric, Chasman, Daniel I, CHARGE Consortium, EPIC-InterAct Consortium, PAGE Consortium, Abecasis, Gonçalo R, Barroso, Inês, McCarthy, Mark I, Frayling, Timothy M, O'Connell, Jeffrey R, Van Duijn, Cornelia M, Boehnke, Michael, Heid, Iris M, Mohlke, Karen L, Strachan, David P, Fox, Caroline S, Liu, Ching-Ti, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Klein, Robert J, Johnson, Andrew D, Borecki, Ingrid B, Franks, Paul W, North, Kari E, Cupples, L Adrienne, Loos, Ruth JF, and Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O

Subjects
Epigenomics, Male, Genotype, Waist-Hip Ratio, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO, 3. Good health, Body Mass Index, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Obesity, Waist Circumference, Exercise, Adiposity, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Physical activity (PA) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity. To identify adiposity loci whose effects are modified by PA, we performed genome-wide interaction meta-analyses of BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference and waist-hip ratio from up to 200,452 adults of European (n = 180,423) or other ancestry (n = 20,029). We standardized PA by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable where, on average, 23% of participants were categorized as inactive and 77% as physically active. While we replicate the interaction with PA for the strongest known obesity-risk locus in the FTO gene, of which the effect is attenuated by ~30% in physically active individuals compared to inactive individuals, we do not identify additional loci that are sensitive to PA. In additional genome-wide meta-analyses adjusting for PA and interaction with PA, we identify 11 novel adiposity loci, suggesting that accounting for PA or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may facilitate gene discovery.

12. Auswirkungen von Steuervereinfachungen: Abschlussbericht Forschungsprojekt I C 4 - 18/10 im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie

Author

Eichfelder, Sebastian, Evers, Lisa, Gläser, Sven Christian, Heinemann, Friedrich, Jenzen, Holger, Kalb, Alexander, and Misch, Florian

Abstract

Das aktuelle budgetpolitische Umfeld bietet eine starke Motivation, Maßnahmen zur Steuervereinfachung in Angriff zu nehmen: Durch gezielte Maßnahmen zur Steuervereinfachung kann in vielen Fällen das Ziel einer wohlfahrts- und wachstumsfördernden Entlastung von Steuerzahlern verfolgt werden ohne dass dadurch notwendigerweise der Finanzierungsspielraum der öffentlichen Haushalte verringert wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat diese Studie eine doppelte Zielsetzung: erstens sollen aussichtsreiche und kurzfristig umsetzbare Maßnahmen der Steuervereinfachung identifiziert werden und zweitens sollen das Kosteneinsparungspotential und die Wirkungen eines solchen Maßnahmenpakets auf das gesamtwirtschaftliche Wachstum abgeschätzt werden. Der Analyse liegt dabei ein weiter Begriff der Kosten der Besteuerung zugrunde. Beru¨cksichtigt werden Kosten fu¨r private Haushalte, Unternehmen und die öffentliche Verwaltung. Unter den Kostenkategorien werden einbezogen: Planungs- oder Steuervermeidungskosten, da Steuerpflichtige ihr Verhalten mit dem Ziel, die Steuerbelastung zu minimieren, optimieren; Steuerbefolgungskosten, die den Steuerpflichtigen bei der Entrichtung der Steuerpflicht entstehen (beispielsweise durch die Sammlung und Aufbewahrung von Belegen oder die Berechnung der Bemessungsgrundlage) und Verwaltungskosten, die bei der Finanzverwaltung im Rahmen der Erhebung der Steuern und der Kontrolle der Steuerpflichtigen anfallen.

13. Sixteen new lung function signals identified through 1000 genomes project reference panel imputation

Author

Artigas, María Soler, Wain, Louise V., Miller, Suzanne, Kheirallah, Abdul Kader, Huffman, Jennifer E., Ntalla, Ioanna, Shrine, Nick, Obeidat, Ma'en, Trochet, Holly, McArdle, Wendy L., Alves, Alexessander Couto, Hui, Jennie, Zhao, Jing Hua, Joshi, Peter K., Teumer, Alexander, Albrecht, Eva, Imboden, Medea, Rawal, Rajesh, Lopez, Lorna M., Marten, Jonathan, Enroth, Stefan, Surakka, Ida, Polasek, Ozren, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Granell, Raquel, Hysi, Pirro G., Flexeder, Claudia, Mahajan, Anubha, Beilby, John, Bossé, Yohan, Brandsma, Corry-Anke, Campbell, Harry, Gieger, Christian, Gläser, Sven, González, Juan R., Grallert, Harald, Hammond, Chris J., Harris, Sarah E., Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Heliövaara, Markku, Henderson, John, Hocking, Lynne, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hutri-Kähönen, Nina, Ingelsson, Erik, Johansson, Åsa, Kemp, John P., Kolcic, Ivana, Kumar, Ashish, Lind, Lars, Melén, Erik, Musk, Arthur W., Navarro, Pau, Nickle, David C., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Raitakari, Olli T., Ried, Janina S., Ripatti, Samuli, Schulz, Holger, Scott, Robert A., Sin, Don D., Starr, John M., BiLeve, U. K., Viñuela, Ana, Völzke, Henry, Wild, Sarah H., Wright, Alan F., Zemunik, Tatijana, Jarvis, Deborah L., Spector, Tim D., Evans, David M., Lehtimäki, Terho, Vitart, Veronique, Kähönen, Mika, Gyllensten, Ulf, Rudan, Igor, Deary, Ian J., Karrasch, Stefan, Probst-Hensch, Nicole M., Heinrich, Joachim, Stubbe, Beate, Wilson, James F., Wareham, Nicholas J., James, Alan L., Morris, Andrew P., Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Hayward, Caroline, Sayers, Ian, Strachan, David P., Hall, Ian P., and Tobin, Martin D.

Subjects
3. Good health

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