Search

Aims: Although the development of lifelong self-directed learning is considered as an inseparable part of the medical profession, its best method of performing in clinical training is still unknown. Achievement goals are of great importance and association in self-directed learning. The present study aimed to prioritize the achievement goals of nursing and midwifery students and its relationship with self-directed learning. Instrument & Methods: This descriptive survey was performed in 209 undergraduate students of nursing, midwifery, surgery room and anesthesia of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2011-2012 who were selected through random stratified sampling method with considering gender. The used instrument was development objectives and self-directed learning’s questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 21 software using Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance tests. Findings: 103 of students (49%) had approach goals as their first prioritization. There was a significant difference between all of students’ prioritization (p=0.0001), but no significant difference was observed between achievement goals’ prioritization of males and females (p=0.45). There was a significant positive association between self-directed learning and objectives’ prioritization (p=0.012). Conclusion: The first goal of nursing and midwifery students is approaching. Students who have performance goals have more self-directed learning than who have approach and avoidance goals.

Background: The aim of the study was assessment of defaults and conducted meta-analysis of the efficacy of single-dose oral albendazole against T. trichiura infection. Methods: We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and WHO library databases between 1983 and 2014. Data from 13 clinical trial ar­ticles were used. Each article was included the effect of single oral dose (400 mg) albendazole and placebo in treating two groups of patients with T. trichiura infection. For both groups in each article, sample size, the number of those with T. trichiura infection, and the number of those recovered following the intake of albendazole were identified and recorded. The relative risk and variance were computed. Funnel plot, Beggs and Eggers tests were used for assessment of publication bias. The random effect variance shift outlier model and likelihood ratio test were applied for detecting outliers. In order to detect influence, DFFITS values, Cook’s distances and COVRATIO were used. Data were analyzed using STATA and R software Results: The article number 13 and 9 were outlier and influence, respectively. Outlier is diagnosed by variance shift of target study in inferential method and by RR value in graphical method. Funnel plot and Beggs test did not show the publication bias (P=0.272). However, the Eggers test confirmed it (P=0.034). Meta-analysis after removal of article 13 showed that relative risk was 1.99 (CI 95% 1.71 - 2.31). Conclusion: The estimated RR and our meta-analyses show that treatment of T. trichiura with single oral doses of albendazole is unsatisfactory. New anthelminthics are urgently needed.

Introduction Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most frequently performed operations around the world. The aim of this study is to evaluate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) differences between on-pump and off-pump coronary surgery. Methods In this prospective study, 90 patients with coronary artery disease referred for CABG were enrolled from July 2006-November 2007. Levels of hs-CRP and TNF-alpha were measured by ELISA using commercial kits Results hs-CRP levels significantly (p