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The knowledge of the scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) in Norway is very poor compared to our neighbouring countries. The latest checklist was compiled by Fjelddalen (1996), who lists and comments on the biology and distribution of 36 species of scales found in Norway (including greenhouse species). The scale family Cryptococcidae consist of two genera; Cryptococcus Douglas, 1890 and Pseudochermes Nitsche, 1895. There are only eight species in this family worldwide (García Morales et al. 2016). Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach, 1860) was first reported from Norway by Schøyen (1930). This is the only record of this species in Norway, and P. fraxini is the only other representative of the family Cryptococcidae reported from Norway. Regarding Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger, 1936 in Norway, the status has been somewhat unclear. Cryptococcus fagisuga (syn. Cryptococcus fagi (Baerensprung, 1849)) was never listed by Fjelddalen (1996) even though the species probably already was present in the Norwegian fauna at the time. It is neither listed from Norway in García Morales et al. (2016), Burckhardt (2017) or CABI (2021). We here present new records for this species and discuss its history in Norway. Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Cryptococcidae, Cryptococcus fagisuga, Norway

TRIONYMUS BOCHERI Gertsson & Hodgson spec. nov. (Fig. 3) (Described from 1 specimen in good condition but missing all but 1 complete leg and 1 antenna). Unmounted material. Not known. Mounted material. Elongate oval in outline, 3550 µm long and 1575 µm wide; anal lobes rounded and moderately sclerotised; antennae 8 segmented; legs relatively quite short; circulus small and round; with 2 pairs of distinct cerarii; oral rim ducts absent. Dorsum. Membranous; setae rather few and quite short, each mainly 13–25 µm long but with some on head up to 50 µm. Trilocular pores frequent and fairly evenly distributed. Simple (discoidal) pores scarce throughout; also with 1 small convex pore dorsad to each scape. Cerarii clearly present on abdominal segments VII and VIII, each with two stout spinose setae (stoutest on VIII), length of cerarian setae on VIII 16–18 µm, those on VII about 13 µm; with 9 or 10 auxiliary setae, longest about 55–60 µm. Anal lobe distinctly sclerotised, with about 20–22 trilocular pores on each sclerotised area. Ostioles membranous, each lip of posterior pair with 6–8 trilocular pores, no setae; anterior pair with no pores on anterior lips and about 5 on posterior lips, no setae. Oral rim ducts absent. Oral collar ducts of two sizes; larger ducts (each about 4 µm wide, 8 µm long, without a thin inner ductule) frequent throughout; smaller ducts (each about 1.5–2 µm wide, 6–7 µm long, with a long thin inner ductule) very scarce on abdominal segments only. Multilocular disc­pores each 10 µm wide, present as follows: VIII 2; VII 5 along posterior margin and 2 more medially; VI 1 post., 2 elsewhere; V 4 post. + 4 elsewhere, and IV 2. Anal ring 80 µm wide, with 6 setae, each about 100 µm long. Venter. Membranous, with frequent fine setae, most clearly longer than those on dorsum, each 25–65 µm long, but some on head up to 75 µm; suranal setae 50 µm long; both long anal lobe setae broken off; each anal lobe with a small sclerotisation near base of anterior seta. Trilocular pores frequent and fairly evenly distributed. Simple (discoidal) pores as on dorsum. Oral rim ducts absent. Oral collar ducts of two sizes as on dorsum, both sizes present throughout but larger ducts most frequent on posterior abdominal segments, otherwise mainly along posterior margin of posterior abdominal segments; smaller ducts generally much less frequent, in a transverse line medially across segments II –VII and on each anal lobe; very scarce on thorax and head. Multilocular disc­pores each about 10 µm wide, present on abdomen as follows (approximate totals across segment): VIII 45 throughout segment; VII 40 along posterior margin and 40 elsewhere; VI 42 post., + 30 elsewhere; V 26 post. + 5 elsewhere; IV 10 post. + 1 elsewhere; III 0; II 1 medially; absent more anteriorly apart from 0–2 more or less laterad to posterior spiracles. Circulus small and oval, 36 µm wide and 23 µm long, without an intersegmental fold. Eyespot about 28 µm wide and 25 µm long. Antennae 8 segmented, 330 µm long; scape with 4 setae; pedicel with 5 setae + campaniform pore; segments III –VII each with usually 4 or 5 setae; preapical segment also with a fleshy seta; apical segment longest, with 8 hair­like setae, 3 fleshy setae and about 7 stiff setae near apex; apical seta about 30 µm long. Clypeolabral shield about 180 µm long; labrum about 85 µm long, with 11 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of peritremes, anterior 26–30 µm; posterior 40–42 µm. Metathoracic legs (only part of 1 leg present): lengths (µm): coxa 140; trochanter + femur 232; number of setae on metathoracic leg: coxa 6 + 2 at base; trochanter 6; femur 10. Measurements of prothoracic leg: coxa 116; trochanter + femur 207; tibia 125; tarsus 75; claw 22; number of setae: coxa 8 (only 1 basally); trochanter 5 (long trochanter setae 75 µm); femur 13; tibia 8 + 2 spurs, each 16–18 µm long; tarsus 7; translucent pores on metacoxae few, none on metafemur. Tarsal digitules: one thinner and slightly shorter than other but both capitate and longer than claw; claw digitules both slightly longer than claw and capitate; claw without a denticle. Vulva obvious, between segments VII and VIII. Material examined. HOLOTYPE Ψ: GREENLAND: Narsarsuaq, 1991, in pit­fall trap, J. Böcher (ZMUC): 1 / 1 adΨ. Comment. The adult female of T. bocheri spec. nov. is very similar to those that of T. perrisii (Signoret), but differs (character­states on T. perrisii in parentheses) mainly in (i) the complete absence of multilocular disc­pores on the dorsum anterior to abdominal segment IV (present sparsely throughout dorsum) and (ii) their almost complete absence ventrally anterior to abdomen (present sparsely on thorax and head). T. bocheri differs most obviously from T. elymus, described as new above, in having a small, almost round and slightly sclerotised circulus, without an intersegmental membrane. This type of circulus is also found on T. thulensis Green (another Trionymus species known from Greenland), from which it differs (character­states on T. thulensis in brackets) in having (i) some multilocular disc­pores on the abdominal dorsum (absent) and (ii) oral collar ducts of 2 sizes on dorsum (of one size only). Etymology: this species is named after Dr. Jens Böcher, The Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, who collected so much of the material seen during this study., Published as part of Gertsson, Carl-Axel & Hodgson, Chris, 2005, Four new species of mealybug (Pseudococcidae) and a new species of soft scale (Coccidae: Coccoidea: Hemiptera) from Greenland and redescriptions of a mealybug and a soft scale from Arctic Canada, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 897 on pages 8-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170943

Gertsson, Carl-Axel, Hodgson, Chris (2005): Four new species of mealybug (Pseudococcidae) and a new species of soft scale (Coccidae: Coccoidea: Hemiptera) from Greenland and redescriptions of a mealybug and a soft scale from Arctic Canada. Zootaxa 897: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170943

PULVINARIA GLACIALIS Gertsson & Hodgson spec. nov (Fig. 5) (Described from 6 adult females in fair to good condition, 2 split into separate dorsums and venters) Unmounted material: not seen and no details available. Mounted material: quite large, 1.8–3.4 mm long and 1.3–3.3 mm wide, more or less oval but slightly more pointed at anterior end; symmetrical and rather flat. Stigmatic clefts absent; anal cleft about 1 / 5 – 1 / 6 th total body length. Dorsum: derm lightly sclerotised at maturity, with a series of more heavily sclerotised small areas of irregular shape, arranged more or less segmentally, most abundant near margin, becoming less frequent medially. Dorsal setae extremely scarce, possibly even absent on some specimens; when present, rather spinose, very short, only about as long as width of basal socket. Dorsal pores of 3types: (i) a small microductule with a moderately long inner ductule possibly without a glandular end: throughout, in a small areolation; (ii) a small simple pore, slightly larger than dorsal microductule: possibly present sparsely throughout, and (iii) a small group of preopercular pores anterior to anal plates: each pore closed, roundly oval, probably flat, in a small areolation; few, less than 10. Cribriform plates, dorsal tubercles, and pocket­like tubercles absent. Dorsal tubular ducts small, each with outer ductule about 5–7 µm long, inner ductule 11–13 µm long, with a small glandular end; frequent throughout. Anal plates probably each approximately triangular, 119– 133 µm long and 55–65 µm wide; each with 3 setae, all close to apex and each about 20 µm long, plus a thinner, subapical seta ventrally, perhaps about 12 µm long. Anogenital fold with 2 pairs of setae along anterior margin, each outer seta strong, 50–55 µm long, each inner seta weaker and shorter; lateral margins each with 3 setae; anal ring with six long setae, each about 150–160 µm long. Anal cleft fairly broad, without marginal setae along margins. Margin: marginal setae stoutly setose, sharply pointed, sometimes slightly to strongly bent towards apex: sparse: with 12–14 between eyespots anteriorly; 6–8 between each eyespot and anterior stigmatic area; 6–8 laterally between stigmatic areas, and 20–24 between posterior stigmatic area and anal cleft; each 16–30 µm long and with a well­developed basal socket. Stigmatic clefts absent; each stigmatic area with 3 stigmatic spines (rarely 2 or 4, and then considered to be deformed); median spine 58–72 µm long, lateral spines 15–22 µm long. Eyespots close to margin on dorsal surface. Venter: derm membranous. Preanal disc­pores with mainly 10 outer loculi and a large inner loculus: abundant anterior to vulva but becoming much less frequent on anterior abdominal segments as follows: segment VII: about 11 medially + 38–42 on either side of anal cleft; VI: 6–9 between pregenital setae + 14–21 on each side; V: 4–7 between long setae + 3–10 on each side; IV: 7–12 on each side; III: 6 or 7 on each side; II: 4–6 on each side; metathorax: generally 1 between coxae + 1–3 laterad to each coxa; absent elsewhere. Spiracular disc­pores with mostly 5 outer loculi: in moderately broad bands between spiracle and margin, with about 27–31 disc­pores in each anterior band and 33–43 in each posterior band; also with a 0–4 disc­pores mesad to each peritreme; absent elsewhere. Ventral microducts quite large, with a slightly bulbous inner ductule: frequent in a marginal band on head and prothorax; also infrequent to rare medially on head and thorax. Preantennal pores: probably 1 small pore just anterior to each scape. Ventral tubular ducts of 3 main types: (i) with a broad outer ductule, a thin inner ductule and a small glandular end (outer ductule 15 µm, inner ductule 12 µm long): in a broad submarginal band on thorax and abdomen, much less frequent on head and absent anteriorly between antennae; distinctly more common than (ii) a duct with a fairly short outer ductule, a much longer, fairly narrow inner ductule with a large glandular end (outer ductule 10 µm, inner ductule 28 µm): distribution as for type (i) but more frequent submedially and only type present medially on abdomen but inner ductule shorter; and (iii) a duct with a much broader inner ductule and a large glandular end, present medially and submedially on thorax and head, both outer ductule and inner ductule about 16–20 µm long. Ventral setae: small setae infrequent throughout venter; long pregenital setae present on segments VII, VI, & V, length about 90–100 µm; with 3 or 4 pairs of interantennal setae, longest about 65 µm; pro­, meso­ and metacoxae each with 2 or 3 small setae; with 3–5 submarginal setae on each side between lateral stigmatic areas; each 6–13 µm. Antennae 7 segmented, each about 310–320 µm long; setae: scape: 3, pedicel: 1 long and 1 short, segments III 0, IV 4 (1 or 2 long), V 1 fleshy seta (fs), VI 1 fs + 1 hair­like seta (hs), and VII 5 or 6 fs + about 3 other setae; apical seta 40–47 µm long and long setose seta on segment VII 100–115 µm. Mouthparts normally developed; clypeolabral shield about 165–175 µm long; labium with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of peritremes: anterior 43–50 µm, posterior 55–60 µm. Legs well developed, with a strong tibio­tarsal articulatory sclerosis: measurements (µm) (iii): coxae 125–133; trochanter + femur 160–170; tibia 125–140; tarsus 80, and claw 25– 27; setae: coxa 5 (longest about 42 µm); trochanter 2 (longest 75–80 µm); femur 3; tibia 3 and tarsus 4; tarsal campaniform pore absent; tarsal digitules alike, subequal to length of claw; claw broad; denticle indistinct or absent; claw digitules similar, broad and longer than claw. Vulva opening between segments VII and VIII. Material studied: HOLOTYPE Ψ: GREENLAND, Søndre Strømfjord, no host, 20.vi. 1952, leg. C. Vibe (ZMUC): 1 / 2 adΨΨ (holotype clearly marked, other specimen designated paratype). PARATYPE ΨΨ: as for holotype (ZMUC, BMNH): 2 / 4 adΨΨ. Other material: East Greenland, 1892, 1907; Trail #, 12.vi. 1932; Søndre Strømford, 20.vi. 1952; Mestervig, 25.vi. 1953; Charcots Land, 8.viii. 1958. Following all off herbarium specimens of Salix arctica: Lille Snenaes, 26.vi. 1908; Lyells Land (Cape Hedlund), 18.vi. 1932; Nugssuaq, Kutsiaq, 1.viii. 1948; Nugssuaq, Kraulshavn, 23.vii. 1950; Olriks Fjord, 31.vii. 1950; Tugullgssuak, Igdluminerssult, 6–7.viii. 1950; Arfersiorfik, Nunatarujuk, 12.vii. 1987 (ZMUC). Comment. P. glacialis is superficially similar to P. ellesmerensis Richards, also collected off Salix arctica, but from Ellesmere Is., arctic Canada, and redescribed below. However, P. glacialis differs from P. ellesmerensis in a number of important features (character­states for P. ellesmerensis in brackets): (i) dorsal setae extremely few, possibly even absent on most specimens (frequent although sparsely distributed); (ii) dorsal setae blunt and extremely short, about as long as width of basal socket (at least 2 x width of basal socket and setose); (iii) antennae 7 segmented (antennae 8 segmented); (iv) marginal setae significantly more abundant than ventral submarginal setae (marginal setae as frequent or less frequent than ventral submarginal setae), and (v) preopercular pores very few, less than 10 (quite abundant, more than 40). One of us (C­A. G.) searched about 6000 plant specimens for Coccoidea in the Botanical Museum, Copenhagen, belonging to the following genera: Alnus, Betula, Salix, Sorbus, Thymus and Vaccinium; P. glacialis was found only on Salix arctica., Published as part of Gertsson, Carl-Axel & Hodgson, Chris, 2005, Four new species of mealybug (Pseudococcidae) and a new species of soft scale (Coccidae: Coccoidea: Hemiptera) from Greenland and redescriptions of a mealybug and a soft scale from Arctic Canada, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 897 on pages 14-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170943

TRIONYMUS ELYMUS Gertsson & Hodgson spec. nov. (Fig. 4) (Described mainly from 4 specimens in fair to good condition). Unmounted material. Not known. Mounted material. Elongate oval in outline, 1625–2550 µm long and 675–950 µm wide; anal lobes moderately developed and lightly sclerotised; antennae 8 segmented; legs normally developed; circulus present; with 2 pairs of distinct cerarii; oral rim ducts absent. Dorsum. Membranous, with frequent fine setae, each mainly 8–40 µm long but with some on head up to 70 µm. Trilocular pores frequent and fairly evenly distributed. Simple (discoidal) pores scarce throughout; also with 2 small convex pores dorsad to each scape. Cerarii clearly present on abdominal segments VII and VIII, each with 2 stout spinose setae (stoutest on VIII), length of cerarian setae on VIII 11–18 µm, those on VII 8–11 µm; with 10–13 auxiliary setae, longest about 75 µm. Ostioles membranous, each lip of posterior pair with about 10–12 trilocular pores and no setae; anterior pair with possibly none on anterior lip and about 12 on posterior lip + 1 or 2 setae. Oral rim ducts absent. Oral collar ducts of two sizes; larger ducts (each about 2.5–3 µm wide, 5 µm long, without a thin inner ductule) frequent throughout, but most abundant on segment VII; smaller ducts (each about 1.5 µm wide, 3–4 µm long, with a long thin inner ductule) in transverse lines across abdominal segments III –VII, with about 10–20 per segment. Multilocular disc­pores 6– 7 µm wide, present as follows: VIII 0–2; VII 6–8; VI 1–7; V 1–4 and IV 0, located almost anywhere on segment. Anal ring 58–67 µm wide, with 6 setae, each about 85–100 µm long. Venter. Membranous, with frequent fine setae, similar in length to those on dorsum, each 11–35 µm long, but some on head up to 70 µm and those around vulva about 50 µm long; suranal setae 48–60 µm long; long anal lobe setae each 135–145 µm long; anal lobe with a small sclerotised bar arising from most anterior seta. Trilocular pores frequent and fairly evenly distributed. Simple (discoidal) pores as on dorsum. Oral rim ducts absent. Oral collar ducts of two sizes as on dorsum, larger ducts present throughout but most frequent on posterior abdominal segments, particularly laterally, otherwise mainly along posterior margin of posterior abdominal segments and apparently randomly elsewhere; smaller ducts in a transverse line medially across abdominal segments III –VII and randomly on anal lobe; very scarce on thorax and head. Multilocular disc­pores 6–7 µm wide, abundant on abdomen as follows (approximate totals across segment): VIII 58 –78, throughout segment; VII 91 –114 throughout segment; VI 78 –90 mainly along posterior margin but also elsewhere; V 24–37 almost entirely along posterior margin; IV 6 or 7 along posterior margin; III 0; absent more anteriorly apart from 1–3 between each procoxa and anterior spiracle. Circulus oval to rather squarish, 60–65 µm wide and 40–43 µm long, with a distinct intersegmental fold. Eyespot about 20 µm wide. Antennae 8 segmented, 290–303 µm long; scape with 4 setae; pedicel with 4 setae + campaniform pore; segments III –VII each usually with 4 or 5 setae; preapical segment also with a fleshy seta; apical segment longest, with 10 hair­like setae, 3 fleshy setae and 4 or 5 stiff setae near apex; apical seta about 30–35 µm long. Clypeolabral shield about 125–130 µm long; labrum about 90 µm long, with 10 or 11 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of peritremes, anterior 24– 27 µm; posterior 30–37 µm. Metathoracic legs: lengths (µm): coxa 115–125; trochanter + femur 205–225; tibia 165–183; tarsus 75–90; claw 23–25; number of setae: coxa 7 or 8 + 2 at base; trochanter 7 or 8 (longest 83–85 µm); femur 12 or 13; tibia 15–18 (plus two spurs, each 20–22 µm long); tarsus 9 or 10; translucent pores quite abundant on lateral 1 / 3 of each metacoxa (also along anterior margin on posterior surface); absent on femur and tibia. Tarsal digitules: one thinner and slightly shorter than other but both capitate; claw digitules both slightly longer than claw and capitate; claw without a denticle. Vulva obvious, between segments VII and VIII. Material examined. HOLOTYPE Ψ: GREENLAND: Evighedsfjord, Kangiussaq, 20.vii. 2003, on Elymus mollis, S.T. Nielsen (ZMUC): 1 / 1 adΨ + 1 adɗ. PARATYPE ΨΨ: GREENLAND: Evighedsfjord, Kangiussaq, 20.vii. 2003, on Elymus mollis, S.T. Nielsen (ZMUC): 2 / 2 adΨΨ + 2 adɗɗ; Itivleq, 22.vii. 2003, E. mollis, S.T. Nielsen (BMHN): 1 / 2 adΨΨ. Comment. The adult female of T. elymus spec. nov. is very similar to that of T. tomlini Green, but differs (character­states on T. tomlini in brackets) mainly in (i) the complete absence of multilocular disc­pores on the dorsum anterior to abdominal segment V (present on all abdominal segments) and (ii) their almost complete absence ventrally anterior to abdominal segment IV (frequent throughout venter). In addition, the degree of sclerotisation of the anal lobe appears to be less, and the smaller oral collar ducts are also absent anterior to abdominal segment III (present on all abdominal and thoracic segments). T. elymus differs most obviously from the other Trionymus species known from Greenland (T. bocheri described as new below and T. thulensis Green) in having a large oval to almost square circulus, with an intersegmental membrane, whereas those on T. bocheri (described as new above) and T. thulensis are small and round and lack any intersegmental membrane. Etymology: this species is named after the grass genus on which it was collected, Elymus., Published as part of Gertsson, Carl-Axel & Hodgson, Chris, 2005, Four new species of mealybug (Pseudococcidae) and a new species of soft scale (Coccidae: Coccoidea: Hemiptera) from Greenland and redescriptions of a mealybug and a soft scale from Arctic Canada, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 897 on pages 11-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170943

PULVINARIA GLACIALIS Gertsson & Hodgson spec. nov (Fig. 5) (Described from 6 adult females in fair to good condition, 2 split into separate dorsums and venters) Unmounted material: not seen and no details available. Mounted material: quite large, 1.8–3.4 mm long and 1.3–3.3 mm wide, more or less oval but slightly more pointed at anterior end; symmetrical and rather flat. Stigmatic clefts absent; anal cleft about 1 / 5 – 1 / 6 th total body length. Dorsum: derm lightly sclerotised at maturity, with a series of more heavily sclerotised small areas of irregular shape, arranged more or less segmentally, most abundant near margin, becoming less frequent medially. Dorsal setae extremely scarce, possibly even absent on some specimens; when present, rather spinose, very short, only about as long as width of basal socket. Dorsal pores of 3types: (i) a small microductule with a moderately long inner ductule possibly without a glandular end: throughout, in a small areolation; (ii) a small simple pore, slightly larger than dorsal microductule: possibly present sparsely throughout, and (iii) a small group of preopercular pores anterior to anal plates: each pore closed, roundly oval, probably flat, in a small areolation; few, less than 10. Cribriform plates, dorsal tubercles, and pocket­like tubercles absent. Dorsal tubular ducts small, each with outer ductule about 5–7 µm long, inner ductule 11–13 µm long, with a small glandular end; frequent throughout. Anal plates probably each approximately triangular, 119– 133 µm long and 55–65 µm wide; each with 3 setae, all close to apex and each about 20 µm long, plus a thinner, subapical seta ventrally, perhaps about 12 µm long. Anogenital fold with 2 pairs of setae along anterior margin, each outer seta strong, 50–55 µm long, each inner seta weaker and shorter; lateral margins each with 3 setae; anal ring with six long setae, each about 150–160 µm long. Anal cleft fairly broad, without marginal setae along margins. Margin: marginal setae stoutly setose, sharply pointed, sometimes slightly to strongly bent towards apex: sparse: with 12–14 between eyespots anteriorly; 6–8 between each eyespot and anterior stigmatic area; 6–8 laterally between stigmatic areas, and 20–24 between posterior stigmatic area and anal cleft; each 16–30 µm long and with a well­developed basal socket. Stigmatic clefts absent; each stigmatic area with 3 stigmatic spines (rarely 2 or 4, and then considered to be deformed); median spine 58–72 µm long, lateral spines 15–22 µm long. Eyespots close to margin on dorsal surface. Venter: derm membranous. Preanal disc­pores with mainly 10 outer loculi and a large inner loculus: abundant anterior to vulva but becoming much less frequent on anterior abdominal segments as follows: segment VII: about 11 medially + 38–42 on either side of anal cleft; VI: 6–9 between pregenital setae + 14–21 on each side; V: 4–7 between long setae + 3–10 on each side; IV: 7–12 on each side; III: 6 or 7 on each side; II: 4–6 on each side; metathorax: generally 1 between coxae + 1–3 laterad to each coxa; absent elsewhere. Spiracular disc­pores with mostly 5 outer loculi: in moderately broad bands between spiracle and margin, with about 27–31 disc­pores in each anterior band and 33–43 in each posterior band; also with a 0–4 disc­pores mesad to each peritreme; absent elsewhere. Ventral microducts quite large, with a slightly bulbous inner ductule: frequent in a marginal band on head and prothorax; also infrequent to rare medially on head and thorax. Preantennal pores: probably 1 small pore just anterior to each scape. Ventral tubular ducts of 3 main types: (i) with a broad outer ductule, a thin inner ductule and a small glandular end (outer ductule 15 µm, inner ductule 12 µm long): in a broad submarginal band on thorax and abdomen, much less frequent on head and absent anteriorly between antennae; distinctly more common than (ii) a duct with a fairly short outer ductule, a much longer, fairly narrow inner ductule with a large glandular end (outer ductule 10 µm, inner ductule 28 µm): distribution as for type (i) but more frequent submedially and only type present medially on abdomen but inner ductule shorter; and (iii) a duct with a much broader inner ductule and a large glandular end, present medially and submedially on thorax and head, both outer ductule and inner ductule about 16–20 µm long. Ventral setae: small setae infrequent throughout venter; long pregenital setae present on segments VII, VI, & V, length about 90–100 µm; with 3 or 4 pairs of interantennal setae, longest about 65 µm; pro­, meso­ and metacoxae each with 2 or 3 small setae; with 3–5 submarginal setae on each side between lateral stigmatic areas; each 6–13 µm. Antennae 7 segmented, each about 310–320 µm long; setae: scape: 3, pedicel: 1 long and 1 short, segments III 0, IV 4 (1 or 2 long), V 1 fleshy seta (fs), VI 1 fs + 1 hair­like seta (hs), and VII 5 or 6 fs + about 3 other setae; apical seta 40–47 µm long and long setose seta on segment VII 100–115 µm. Mouthparts normally developed; clypeolabral shield about 165–175 µm long; labium with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of peritremes: anterior 43–50 µm, posterior 55–60 µm. Legs well developed, with a strong tibio­tarsal articulatory sclerosis: measurements (µm) (iii): coxae 125–133; trochanter + femur 160–170; tibia 125–140; tarsus 80, and claw 25– 27; setae: coxa 5 (longest about 42 µm); trochanter 2 (longest 75–80 µm); femur 3; tibia 3 and tarsus 4; tarsal campaniform pore absent; tarsal digitules alike, subequal to length of claw; claw broad; denticle indistinct or absent; claw digitules similar, broad and longer than claw. Vulva opening between segments VII and VIII. Material studied: HOLOTYPE Ψ: GREENLAND, Søndre Strømfjord, no host, 20.vi. 1952, leg. C. Vibe (ZMUC): 1 / 2 adΨΨ (holotype clearly marked, other specimen designated paratype). PARATYPE ΨΨ: as for holotype (ZMUC, BMNH): 2 / 4 adΨΨ. Other material: East Greenland, 1892, 1907; Trail #, 12.vi. 1932; Søndre Strømford, 20.vi. 1952; Mestervig, 25.vi. 1953; Charcots Land, 8.viii. 1958. Following all off herbarium specimens of Salix arctica: Lille Snenaes, 26.vi. 1908; Lyells Land (Cape Hedlund), 18.vi. 1932; Nugssuaq, Kutsiaq, 1.viii. 1948; Nugssuaq, Kraulshavn, 23.vii. 1950; Olriks Fjord, 31.vii. 1950; Tugullgssuak, Igdluminerssult, 6–7.viii. 1950; Arfersiorfik, Nunatarujuk, 12.vii. 1987 (ZMUC). Comment. P. glacialis is superficially similar to P. ellesmerensis Richards, also collected off Salix arctica, but from Ellesmere Is., arctic Canada, and redescribed below. However, P. glacialis differs from P. ellesmerensis in a number of important features (character­states for P. ellesmerensis in brackets): (i) dorsal setae extremely few, possibly even absent on most specimens (frequent although sparsely distributed); (ii) dorsal setae blunt and extremely short, about as long as width of basal socket (at least 2 x width of basal socket and setose); (iii) antennae 7 segmented (antennae 8 segmented); (iv) marginal setae significantly more abundant than ventral submarginal setae (marginal setae as frequent or less frequent than ventral submarginal setae), and (v) preopercular pores very few, less than 10 (quite abundant, more than 40). One of us (C­A. G.) searched about 6000 plant specimens for Coccoidea in the Botanical Museum, Copenhagen, belonging to the following genera: Alnus, Betula, Salix, Sorbus, Thymus and Vaccinium; P. glacialis was found only on Salix arctica.

ATROCOCCUS GROENLANDENSIS Gertsson & Hodgson spec. nov (Fig. 1) (Described mainly from 3 specimens in good condition) Unmounted material. Not known. Mounted material. Oval in outline, 1025–2600 µm long and 500–1000 µm wide; anal lobes moderately developed; antennae 8 ­segmented; legs normally developed; circulus absent; with 2 pairs of distinct cerarii plus a third which may be undifferentiated; oral rim ducts present. Dorsum. Membranous, with frequent fine setae, each mainly 10–21 µm long but with some on head up to 27 µm. Trilocular pores quite frequent and fairly evenly distributed. Simple (discoidal) pores scarce throughout; also with 2 small convex pores dorsad to each scape. Cerarii clearly present on abdominal segments VII and VIII, each with two stout spinose setae (stoutest on VIII), length of cerarian setae on VIII 10–18 µm; with 5–6 auxiliary setae, longest about 33–40 µm; cerarian setae on segment VI barely differentiated from other setae, possibly sometimes absent. Ostioles membranous, each lip with 5–8 trilocular pores and 0–2 small setae. Oral rim ducts each 8 µm wide, distributed as follows: VIII 0; VII 4–6; VI 1 or 2; V & IV 2–4; III – I 1–6; meta­ to prothorax 2–6; head 6–8. Oral collar ducts of two sizes; larger ducts (each about 3 µm wide and 8 µm long) restricted to a small group marginally on abdominal segments II –VIII, each group with 1–5 ducts, most abundant on posterior segments; smaller ducts (each about 1.5 µm wide and 6–7 µm long) in transverse lines across abdominal segments, most abundant on segments IV & V. Multilocular disc­pores 6–7 µm wide, with 0 to about 12 on abdominal segments I –VII, mainly near margin but with up to about 6 along posterior margins of segments IV –VII. Anal ring 64–70 µm wide, with 6 setae, each about 100–125 µm long. Venter. Membranous, with frequent fine setae, each 20–85 µm long, but some on head up to 110 µm; suranal setae 36–50 µm long; long anal lobe setae each 140–220 µm long. Trilocular pores frequent and fairly evenly distributed. Simple (discoidal) pores as on dorsum. Oral rim ducts similar to those on dorsum, with 0 or 1 marginally on abdominal segments I –V and on meta­ and mesothorax. Oral collar ducts of two sizes as on dorsum, with larger ducts along posterior margin of each segment, quite frequent on posterior abdominal segments, particularly laterally, but absent medially anterior to segment III, when restricted to near margin; possibly absent on mesothorax, but with a strongly defined group laterad to each procoxa, each group with 9–20 ducts; smaller ducts in a transverse line medially across segments, most abundant posteriorly on abdomen but with a few anteriorly as far as mesothorax. Multilocular disc­pores 6–7 µm wide, present on abdomen as follows (approximate totals across segment): VIII 36; VII 34 along posterior margin and 20 along anterior margin; VI 40 post. and 25 ant.; V 44 post. and 3 or 4 ant.; IV 26 post. and 0–2 ant.; III 5 or 6 near margin only; II 2–4 near margin only; absent more anteriorly apart from 0–6 in a group with oral rim ducts laterad to each procoxa. Circulus absent. Eyespot about 30 µm wide. Antennae 8 segmented, 290–350 µm; scape with 4 setae; pedicel with 4 setae + a campaniform pore; segments III –VII each with usually 3–6 (normally 4) setae; preapical segment with 5 setae plus a fleshy seta; apical segment with 10 hair­like setae, 6 fleshy setae and 4 or 5 stiff setae near apex; apical seta about 33–35 µm long. Clypeolabral shield about 115–140 µm long; labrum about 100 µm long, with 11 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of peritremes 17–22 µm. Metathoracic legs: lengths (µm): coxa 103–150; trochanter + femur 170–240; tibia 130–186; tarsus 74–87; claw 23–28; number of setae: coxa 10 or 11; trochanter 5 or 6 (longest 83–85 µm); femur 7–11; tibia 8– 11 (tibia with two spurs, each 20–22 µm long); tarsus 9 or 10; translucent pores quite abundant on lateral half of each metacoxa, occasionally with a few on femur but usually with some on dorsal half of tibia. Tarsal digitules: one thinner than other but both capitate; claw digitules both slightly longer than claw and capitate; claw without a denticle. Vulva obvious, between segments VII and VIII. Material examined. HOLOTYPE Ψ: Evighedsfjord, Kangiussaq, on Viscaria alpina, 20.vii. 2003, S.T. Nielsen (ZMUC): 1 / 1 adΨ + 1paratype adɗ. PARATYPE ΨΨ: GREENLAND: Evighedsfjord, Kangiussaq, on Viscaria alpina, 20.vii. 2003, S.T. Nielsen (ZMUC): 4 / 5 adΨΨ. Other material: Jameson Land, Muslingerbugt, 26.vii. 1994, pitfall trap, Jens Böcher; as previous, on Campanula gieseckiana; Evighedsfjord, Kangiussaq, 20.vii. 2003, Epilobium angustifolium, Saxifraga tricuspidata, Potentilla tridentata; Itivleq east, 22.vii. 2003, Melandrium affine /triflorum, Arctostaphylos uva­ursi, Salix arctophila, Artemisia borealis; as previous, 23.vii. 2003, Vaccinum sp., Salix glauca; Ameralik, Eqalūit Ilordlit, 7.vii. 2003, on Coptis trifolia, Rumex acetosella; as previous, 8.vii. 2003, Thymus drucei; Buksefjorden east, 6.vii. 2003, no host; Kangerdluarssuk tugdleq, 25.vii. 2003, on Poa glauca, Dryas integrifolia; Fiskefjord, Igdlutalik, 11.vii. 2003, Potentilla tridentata; Fiskenaesfjorden, Amigfik, 3.vii. 2003, on Hieracium rigorosum; Sisimiut (Holsteinborg), 27.vii. 2003, Campanula sp. (ZMUC, BMNH, USDA). Comment. The adult female of A. groenlandensis spec. nov. is very similar to that of A. cracens Williams, differing mainly in having many fewer multilocular disc­pores; specifically, A. cracens has groups of disc­pores submarginally and submedially on the dorsum of all segments, including head, except the preanal segment, whilst disc­pores are totally absent on A. groenlandensis anterior to segment IV. Additionally, A. cracens has a group of 15–27 disc­pores laterad to each procoxa, whilst the present species has only 0–6 disc­pores, significantly less than the number of oral collar ducts in the group (9–20) (number of disc­pores equals or exceeds number of oral collar ducts on A. cracens). The cerarii on segment VI on A. groenlandensis also seem to be hardly differentiated, whereas they are more obvious on A. cracens, which may also have cerarii on segment V. This would appear to be a polyphagous species, as is A. cracens. Etymology: the species name groenlandensis is taken from the Danish name for Greenland, Grønland., Published as part of Gertsson, Carl-Axel & Hodgson, Chris, 2005, Four new species of mealybug (Pseudococcidae) and a new species of soft scale (Coccidae: Coccoidea: Hemiptera) from Greenland and redescriptions of a mealybug and a soft scale from Arctic Canada, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 897 on pages 3-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170943

CHORIZOCOCCUS MULTIPORUS Gertsson & Hodgson spec. nov (Fig. 2) (Described from 2 good, well­stained specimens plus another in fair condition) Unmounted material: not known. Mounted material. Oval in outline, 1175–1250 µm long and 575–675 µm wide; anal lobes moderately developed; antennae 7 or 8 segmented; legs of normal length; circulus present; with 3 pairs of distinct cerarii; oral rim ducts present. Dorsum. Membranous, with frequent fine setae, each 7–22 µm long; setae absent medially on abdominal segment VIII. Trilocular pores relatively sparse and fairly evenly distributed. Simple (discoidal) pores possibly only present mesad to eyespots; also with 3–5 small convex pores dorsad to each scape. Cerarii clearly present on abdominal segments VI, VII, and VIII, each with two stout spinose setae (stoutest on VIII), length of cerarian setae on VIII 17–22 µm; with 11 or 12 auxiliary setae, longest about 33–40 µm; setae on segment V stouter than normal setae and set further apart than on other cerarii and without associated trilocular pores. Ostioles membranous, each lip with few trilocular pores plus 0 or 1 small setae. Oral rim ducts each 8 µm wide, present as follows (totals across segment): VIII 0; VII 5–13; VI 6–9; V 11–16; IV 10–14; III 6–10; II 5–9; I 6–12; metathorax 4–10; mesothorax 5–14; prothorax 2 or 3; head 1–7. Oral collar ducts absent. Multilocular disc­pores absent. Anal ring 70–74 µm wide, with six setae, each about 90– 107 µm long. Venter. Membranous, with frequent fine setae, each 10–25 µm long, some obviously longer than those on dorsum, with some on head 40–50 µm long; suranal setae 35–40 µm long; long anal lobe setae each 100–118 µm long. Trilocular pores relatively sparse and fairly evenly distributed. Simple (discoidal) pores not detected. Oral rim ducts present: generally 1 or 2 (occasionally 0) on lateral margins of most segments. Oral collar ducts probably of two sizes, with larger ducts located along the posterior margin of each segment and near lateral margin of abdominal segments II –VIII; small ducts in transverse lines medially across all abdominal segments; large ducts absent anteriorly to abdomen but small ducts present on at least meso­ and metathorax. Multilocular disc­pores quite large, 8 µm wide, present on abdomen as follows (totals across segment): VIII 14–20; VII 13–22 along posterior margin and 9–12 along anterior margin; VI 18–22 post. + 10–12 ant.; V 22–26 post. + 3 or 4 ant.; IV 8–10 post. + 0 ant.; III & II 0; absent more anteriorly apart from an occasional disc­pore between procoxa and anterior spiracle. Circulus oval, 30– 34 µm long and 38–45 µm wide, probably without a transverse membrane medially. Eyespot about 33 µm wide. Antennae 7 or 8 segmented, 290–305 µm; non­apical segments each with 4 or 5 setae; preapical segment without a fleshy seta; apical segment with about 10 hair­like setae; 4 fleshy setae and 6 stiff setae near apex; apical seta about 31–35 µm long. Clypeolabral shield about 115–125 µm long; labrum about 100–120 µm long, with 11 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of peritremes 20–24 µm. Metathoracic legs: lengths (µm): coxa 120–137; trochanter + femur 170–175; tibia 135–155; tarsus 77–90; claw 22– 25; number of setae: coxa 8 or 9; trochanter 5 or 6 (longest 65–80 µm); femur 9 or 10; tibia 7–9 (tibia with two spurs, each 20–24 µm long); tarsus 9; translucent pores quite abundant on lateral half of each metacoxa, with a few occasionally on distal end of femur and usually some on distal dorsal margin of tibia. Tarsal digitules with one slightly shorter and thinner than other, both capitate; claw digitules slightly longer than claw and also capitate; claw without a denticle. Vulva obvious, between segments VII and VIII. Material examined: HOLOTYPE Ψ: GREENLAND: Zackenberg, stn 3 F, in water traps, 8.vii. 2000, Jens Böcher (ZMUC): 1 / 2 adΨΨ (holotype right hand specimen). PARATYPE ΨΨ: GREENLAND: Zackenberg, stn 4 E, 29.vii. 2002, Jens Böcher (BMNH): 1 / 1 adΨ. Other material: East Greenland, 1932; Angmagssalik (Thule­exp.), 1933; Vejrhøj, 13.i. 1934; Ulvesø, Ellaø, 14.v. 1934; no site, 18.viii. 1958; Qeqertasussuk (Disko Bugt), 12.viii. 1987; Lindhard Ø (Dove Bugt), 22.vii. 1989; Søndre Strømfjord, 2.viii. 1992; Jameson Land, 2.viii. 1994; Zackenberg, 22.vii. 2000 (ZMUC). Comment. The adult females of C. multiporus from Greenland are significantly different from those of C. altoarcticus from Ellesmere Island, Canada, redescribed below. Female C. multiporus differ from C. altoarcticus particularly in the following (characterstates on Canadian material in brackets): (i) oral rim ducts abundant on dorsum, with a total of between 75 and 115 (total of between 10 and 30), and (ii) oral collar ducts absent on dorsum (a few present on all abdominal segments). The limbs of C. multiporus also tend to be slightly larger. The host plants of this species are unknown. Etymology: the species name multiporus refers to the many oral rim ducts on the dorsum (Latin, multi ­ from multus, meaning more, and porus = pores)., Published as part of Gertsson, Carl-Axel & Hodgson, Chris, 2005, Four new species of mealybug (Pseudococcidae) and a new species of soft scale (Coccidae: Coccoidea: Hemiptera) from Greenland and redescriptions of a mealybug and a soft scale from Arctic Canada, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 897 on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170943

Williams, D. J., Gertsson, Carl-Axel (2005): Linnaeus and his several descriptions of the scale insect Coccus uvaeursi, now known as Eriococcus uvaeursi (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Journal of Natural History 39 (38): 3419-3422, DOI: 10.1080/00222930500393269, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500393269