Search

Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PiBO) is a rare, chronic disease initiated by severe infection and followed by perpetuating inflammation and obliteration of the small airways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed to play a central role as epigenetic regulators, which control resolution and prevent the uncontrolled progress of inflammation. The aim of this study was to define biomarkers on the level of post-transcriptional gene regulation in order to characterise PiBO. A total of 39 patients with well-defined PiBO and 31 controls from two centres, Barcelona, Spain, and Frankfurt, Germany, were analysed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The evaluation of the biological targets of the miRNAs was performed by pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis respectively. Patients with PiBO had significantly lower lung function values and increased airway inflammation in induced sputum as indicated by total cell counts, neutrophils, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β compared to controls. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed a total of 22 dysregulated miRNAs, which passed significance threshold for P adj ≤ 0.001 with 17 being upregulated and 5 being downregulated. Of these dysregulated miRNAs, miR-335-5p, miR-186-5p, miR-30b-5p and miR-30c-5p were further validated using qRT-PCR. Interestingly, these miRNAs are functionally implicated in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TGF-β signalling and FoxO signalling pathway and significantly correlated with lung function values (FEV1). Our results demonstrate an aberrant miRNA expression profile in PiBO, which impacts pathways responsible for the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis. The defined miRNAs are useful biomarkers and should be assessed as potential target in the field of miRNA therapeutics. We identified dysregulated miRNAs, which impact pathways for inflammatory cytokines and TGF-β signalling in post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans. The miRNAs reflect bronchial inflammation and fibrosis and could be considered as novel biomarkers supporting diagnosis and treatment options.

Fibroblasts were isolated from skin biopsies from two patients with bipolar I disorder. One patient was a 26 year old female carrying a risk haplotype in the DGKH (diacylglycerol kinase eta) gene and the other was a non-carrier 27 year old male. Patient fibroblasts were reprogrammed into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by using a Sendai virus vector. DGKH-risk haplotype and non-risk haplotype hiPSCs showed expression of pluripotency markers and were able to differentiate into cells of the three germ layers. These cell models are useful to investigate the role of risk gene variants in bipolar disorder.Resource table.Unlabelled TableUnique stem cell lines identifierKGUi001-AKGUi002-AAlternative names of stem cell linesAR1023 hiPSC (KGUi001-A)AR1034 hiPSC (KGUi002-A)InstitutionDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, GermanyContact information of distributorDr. Sarah Kittel-Schneider, sarah.kittel-schneider@kgu.deType of cell linesiPSCOriginHumanCell SourceDermal fibroblastsClonalityClonalMethod of reprogrammingSendai virusMultiline rationaleSame disease non-isogenic cell linesGene modificationNoType of modificationN/AAssociated diseaseBipolar DisorderGene/locusSNPs DGKH (rs994856/rs9525580/rs9525584 GAT haplotype; GG/AG/TT) and NON-GAT haplotype (AG/GG/CT); 13q14.11Method of modificationN/AName of transgene or resistanceN/AInducible/constitutive systemN/ADate archived/stock dateMay 2018Cell line repository/bankN/AEthical approvalEthics committee University of Würzburg, 10.06.2011, Ethical approval number 96/11Ethics committee University of Frankfurt, 04.3.2015, Ethical approval number 425/14