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Oral cavity is an open ecosystem for many microorganisms making the oral environment more prone to bacterial colonization. Several studies have indicated that accumulation of bacteria on implant surface is a primary etiology for inflammatory conditions around implants, apparently leading to peri-implant diseases. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process that affects the tissues around an osseointegrated implant in function, resulting in the loss of the supporting bone. Hence, proper decontamination and disinfection may aid in successful osseointegration of dental implants. Ozone (O3) is a triatomic molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms with a wide range of valuable properties which have been proven to be effective for applications in dentistry. O3 is a powerful oxidative agent with bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal properties. It can be used in gaseous, liquid (water/soil), or nanoparticle form as an adjunctive therapy in the management of peri-implant diseases and to decontaminate the implant surfaces. The application of ozone therapy is a novel approach in implant dentistry with limited literature. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to assess the impact of ozone therapy on the dental implant procedures and peri-implant diseases.

Background Remote digital monitoring during orthodontic treatment can help patients in improving their oral hygiene performance and reducing the number of appointments due to emergency reasons, especially in time of COVID-19 pandemic where non-urgent appointments might be discouraged. Methods Thirty patients scheduled to start an orthodontic treatment were divided into two groups of fifteen. Compared to controls, study group patients were provided with scan box and cheek retractor (Dental Monitoring®) and were instructed to take monthly intra-oral scans. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) were recorded for both groups at baseline ,2 weeks and 3 months. Inter-group differences were assessed with Student's t test, intra-group differences were assessed with Paired T test (significance α = 0.05). Results Reduction in PI, GI, PPD, and CAL after 2 weeks and 3 months from baseline in both the groups was seen; intergroup comparison showed more reduction in PPD and GI and more gain in CAL in Dental Monitoring Group after 3 months when compared with control Group. Conclusions Integration of a remote monitoring system during periodontal treatment was effective in improving plaque control and improving periodontal parameters. The present findings encourage periodontists to consider this technology to help maintaining optimal oral health of patients, especially in times of health emergency crisis.

The minimum cost bipartite matching problem is a well-studied optimization problem in computer science and operations research, with wide-ranging applications in fields such as machine learning, economics, transportation, logistics and biology. A special instance of this problem is the computation of the p-Wasserstein distance which we define next. Given a complete bipartite graph with two disjoint sets of n points in d-dimensional Euclidean space and an integer p ≥ 1, let the cost of an edge be the p-th power of the Euclidean distance between its endpoints. The objective of this problem is to find a minimum-cost matching in this complete bipartite graph. The Hungarian algorithm is a classical method that solves this problem in O(n^3) time. There are many algorithms that have a run time better than that of the Hungarian algorithm if the graphs have non-negative integer edge costs bounded by C. Since the input points have real-valued coordinates and the Euclidean distances can be irrational, such algorithms only return an approximate matching. Thus, the Hungarian algorithm remains the fastest known algorithm to compute an exact matching. In this thesis, we implement a new algorithm in the divide and conquer framework that computes the exact p-Wasserstein distance and has a run time asymptotically better than the Hungarian algorithm for stochastic point sets. Inspired by the techniques used in the algorithm, we also design an alternate version of the Hungarian algorithm that uses a grid- based approach. Our experimental analysis shows that both of our algorithms significantly outperform the classical Hungarian algorithm. Master of Science Suppose we have two sets of equal number of items and a list of compatible pairs of items, where a pair is considered compatible if its items belong to different sets. A perfect matching is a subset of compatible pairs where each item is paired with exactly one other item. When trying to find a perfect matching, there may be multiple options, and minimizing the cost of the perfect matching is often desired. This is referred to as the minimum cost bipartite matching problem, which is extensively studied due to its importance in algorithmic theory and operations research. A special instance of this problem is the calculation of the p- Wasserstein distance. It has many practical applications in fields such as machine learning, economics, transportation, logistics and biology. The Hungarian algorithm is the only known algorithm that can compute the exact p-Wasserstein distance. Therefore, our focus is to develop exact algorithms for this problem that perform better than the Hungarian algorithm and can scale efficiently to large datasets.

With the rapid growth in the field of object detection, developing a sign language detector as it is the main instrument of correspondence for physically challenged individuals has invoked the need for such a system. Communication via gestures is a shelter for the genuinely provoked individuals to communicate their contemplations and feelings. With the assistance of computer vision and neural organizations, we can recognize the signs and show the respective text as the output. This paper is a survey based on a broad collection of research papers on the related domain to propose an efficient and accurate model with the core functioning of a better response time and real-time detection using various machine-learning algorithms.

Aims: To determine adherence levels to Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and the factors influencing it in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Materials and Methods: An institution based descriptive longitudinal study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2019 to assess the level of adherence to IPT and its determinants among HIV patients. A total of 320 participants were included from the associated ART centres. Adherence was defined as completion of the 6-month course of treatment with 80% pills taken and was measured by self -report of intake of tablets. Proforma and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect all the relevant information. Questionnaire covered aspects on TB treatment and care, HIV related stigma, medical provider relations, social support and socioeconomic status. Data was analysed using SPSS version 11.5. Results/ Discussion: IPT Adherence rate was 83.75 %. Of the 320 patients, 268 were adherent. Isoniazid related side effects were reported by 50 people, 33 of whom were withdrawn. Prior history of TB was noted in 43 people. Patients cited counselling and physician’s advice on IPT intake as one of the main reasons for good adherence. Forgetfulness was the most common reason for missed pills.

The generation of heat, electricity is being produced through biomass burning process, but it is seen that it has many challenges. The capture and storage of CO2emissions produced from the combustion of biomass and many other industrialization processes is a great deal to the world. Carbon di oxide emission percentage is continuously increasing in the atmosphere, thus this leads to the climate change in the form of global warming. This study analyses the viable and potent method of capturing carbon di oxide, transporting it in an affordable way and finally then safe storage of itself and increase the temperature as well as corrosive resistivity. KEYWORDS: - Pre combustion capture, post combustion capture, biogas, biogas digester,ccs

Background Colonoscopy is currently gold standard for visualizing colonic mucosa. Presence of constipation is generally associated with poor bowel preparation. We compared effect on colonic cleansing when prucalopride was used as adjunct with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in patients of constipation. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at our center. One 70 patients with constipation were enrolled in two groups of who took only PEG and other of prucalopride plus PEG+ for bowel preparation. They underwent colonoscopy by a single-blinded experienced endoscopist. Bowel preparation quality was reported by Boston bowel preparation scale prior to washing or suctioning. The groups were analyzed for bowel preparation quality and side effects in either groups based on preformed questionnaire. Results Mean Boston Stool preparation Score (BSS) in PEG group (5.33 ± 1.43) was slightly higher than PEG+ (5.16 + 1.37) (p-value =0.44). The total number of patients with side effects was higher in PEG+ group than PEG group. (p Conclusion We conclude addition of prucalopride has no additional benefit when added with standard bowel preparation in patients of constipation. It may rather lead to noncompliance and inferior bowel preparation due to increased side effects.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate the accuracy of a computer-assisted system based on artificial intelligence for detecting and identifying dental implant brands using digital periapical radiographs. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,800 digital periapical radiographs of dental implants from distinct manufacturers acquired from regional implantologists were split into training dataset (n = 1,440 [80%]) and testing dataset (n = 360 [20%]) groups. The images were evaluated by software developed by means of convolutional neural networks (CNN), with the aim of identifying the manufacturer of the dental implants contained in them. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated for detection and diagnostic performance of the CNN algorithm. Results: At the final epoch (25), system accuracy values of 98.78% were obtained for group training data, 98.36% for group testing data, and 87.29% for validation data. The latter value corresponded to the actual accuracy of carrying out the system learning process. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of CNN for identifying dental implant manufacturers, which was proven to be a precise method of great clinical significance Keywords: artificial intelligence, deep learning, dental implants, radiology, supervised machine learning

The rapid growth of online social media usage in our daily lives has increased the importance of analyzing the dynamics of online social networks. However, the dynamic data of existing online social media platforms are not readily accessible. Hence, there is a necessity to synthesize networks emulating those of online social media for further study. In this work, we propose an epidemiology-inspired and community-based, time-evolving online social network generation algorithm (EpiCNet), to generate a time-evolving sequence of random networks that closely mirror the characteristics of real-world online social networks. Variants of the algorithm can produce both undirected and directed networks to accommodate different user interaction paradigms. EpiCNet utilizes compartmental models inspired by mathematical epidemiology to simulate the flow of individuals into and out of the online social network. It also employs an overlapping community structure to enable more realistic connections between individuals in the network. Furthermore, EpiCNet evolves the community structure and connections in the simulated online social network as a function of time and with an emphasis on the behavior of individuals. EpiCNet is capable of simulating a variety of online social networks by adjusting a set of tunable parameters that specify the individual behavior and the evolution of communities over time. The experimental results show that the network properties of the synthetic time-evolving online social network generated by EpiCNet, such as clustering coefficient, node degree, and diameter, match those of typical real-world online social networks such as Facebook and Twitter.

BackgroundSubclinical abnormalities in myocardial structure (stage B heart failure) may be identified by cardiac and non-organ specific biomarkers. The associations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) interstitial fibrosis (extracellular volume [ECV]) is unknown and for GDF-15 the association with replacement (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) is also unknown. GDF-15 is a systemic biomarker also released by myocytes associated with fibrosis and inflammation. We sought to define the associations of hs-cTnT and GDF-15 with these CMR fibrosis measures in the MESA cohort.MethodsWe measured hs-cTnT and GDF-15 in MESA participants free of cardiovascular disease at exam 5. CMR measurements were complete in 1737 for LGE and 1258 for ECV assessment. We estimated the association of each biomarker with LGE and increased ECV (4th quartile) using logistic regression, adjusted for demographics and risk factors.ResultsMean age of the participants was 68 ± 9 years. Unadjusted, both biomarkers were associated with LGE, but after adjustment only hs-cTnT concentrations remained significant (4th vs. 1st quartile OR] 7.5, 95% CI: 2.1, 26.6). For interstitial fibrosis both biomarkers were associated with 4th quartile ECV, but the association was attenuated compared to replacement fibrosis. After adjustment, only hs-cTnT concentrations remained significant (1st to 4th quartile OR 1.7, 95%CI: 1.1, 2.8).ConclusionOur findings identify that both interstitial and replacement fibrosis are associated with myocyte cell death/injury, but GDF-15 a non-organ specific biomarker prognostic for incident cardiovascular disease is not associated with preclinical evidence of cardiac fibrosis.

Background: Spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a pro-thrombotic syndrome in which anti-heparin antibodies develop without heparin exposure. Case presentation: A 78-year-old man who underwent a successful lumbar laminectomy presented to the hospital 5 days after discharge for stroke-like symptoms and was found to have acute infarcts of the bilateral frontal lobes. The patient was found to be severely thrombocytopenic and was incidentally found to have an inferior wall myocardial infarction. Further investigation led to the diagnosis of bilateral lower extremity deep vein thromboses. His overall clinical presentation prompted a detailed hematologic workup that indicated positivity for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia despite no previous exposure to heparin products. Conclusions: This case illustrates a patient with no prior lifetime heparin exposure who underwent laminectomy with subsequent development of acute infarcts of the bilateral frontal lobes, an inferior wall myocardial infarction, and bilateral lower extremity deep vein thromboses, with concern for sequelae of spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Experimental design plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and reliability of systems in various domains. Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) have been widely used as a decision-making tool for probabilistic modeling and analysis of complex systems. This thesis presents an approach for using a BBN to model an assurance case and predict the likelihood of its claims. This can be used to evaluate changes to the experiments that will generate the evidence needed for the assurance case. We present two examples as case studies in the software engineering domain to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. The results show that our framework can effectively capture the changes in the degree of belief in a claim under uncertainties and risks associated with the experimental design and provide decision-makers with a more comprehensive understanding of the system under investigation.

Background: Theileria spp. were targeted for detection and differentiation from clinical samples using PCR in the current investigation and the diagnostic sensitivity of this method was evaluated in comparison to microscopic observations. The clinical characteristics of bovine tropical theileriosis as clinical markers were also analysed based on the PCR data. Methods: On the basis of clinical evaluation and microscopic inspection of blood smears, 200 blood samples from cattle suspected of having theileriosis were examined. To confirm the disease, the PCR method was employed by using 18S rRNA and Cyto b1 gene to confirm Theileria spp. and Theileria annulata respectively in clinical samples. Result: The results showed that microscopic examination detected 65/200 (32.50%), whereas, the PCR assay identified 120/200 (60.00%) for Theileria spp. Of the total 200 samples studied, 77 (38.50.3%) were positive for T. annulata specific PCR. Based on PCR confirmation of T. annulata infection in cattle, the predominant clinical signs were pyrexia, ticks’ infestations, anorexia, enlargement of lymph node, pale mucous membrane, lacrimation, coughing, drop in milk production and emaciation. The other clinical signs were observed as icterus, nasal discharge, salivation, melena and exophthalmia.

Endoscopic interventions have become increasingly popular in the management of obstructive jaundice. In this case study, we present a case of complex Bismuth type 4 hilar stricture in an elderly lady presenting with obstructive jaundice. Complete endoscopic biliary drainage was accomplished successfully by placement of three metal stents – two with ERCP and one with Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) guided hepatico-gastrostomy. She developed cholecystitis later, which was successfully addressed by EUS guided gallbladder drainage using a cautery enhanced lumen apposing metal stent. Thus, a complete internal biliary drainage was achieved with endoscopic interventions.

Introduction: The 10th percentile of expected foetal weight for gestational age is classified as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or foetal growth restriction. IUGR occurs for a variety of reasons. Any issue with the placenta is a major contributor. Aims and objectives: 1) To determine the role of ultrasonography in screening high risk mothers for detection of IUGR. 2) To find out the impact of fetal parameters on the extent of IUGR.3) For correlation between sonographic pattern of IUGR and the birth weight. 4) For correlation between doppler parameters and perinatal outcome. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study done over a period of 2 years in Mamata General Hospital (MGH) from Oct 2017 to Oct 2019. Study included 50 pregnant women with high risk factors and clinically suspected IUGR attending for ultrasound examination were subjected to Uterine, Umbilical and Middle cerebral artery Doppler along with morphology and biometry scan after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Reverse, absence or slow end diastolic flow was considered abnormal which was seen in 33 patients. Nine patients had Absent /Reversed end diastolic flow of which, 3 patients had IUD, 4 had Still births, 2 were admitted in NICU with apgar at 1min

Aim and objective This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of saliva contamination on shear bond strength (SBS) of a self-etch adhesive system to dentin. Materials and methods A total of 60 premolars were selected. Occlusal surfaces of the teeth were severed off. Three groups of 20 teeth in each were formed after the samples were randomly divided. Group I: Not subjected to any contamination (control group). Group II: Contamination with saliva occurred before coating the teeth with a self-etch adhesive system. Group III: Contamination with saliva occurred after coating the teeth with a self-etch adhesive system. After the contamination, the composite was placed with the help of a Teflon tube. Under the universal testing machine, the SBS of these samples was then tested. Results The data obtained after testing were analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical difference was seen between all the three groups. Group II projected the least SBS. Conclusion Contamination with saliva has a deleterious effect on the SBS. Contamination that occurs before the application of adhesive systems has shown considerably reduced SBS. Clinical significance This study successfully established that saliva contamination acts as a major factor in reducing the SBS of the bonding agent. Hence, in clinical situations, it is necessary to ensure sufficient steps are taken to eliminate or reduce the chances of contamination with saliva to aid in the success of the restoration. How to cite this article Chaudhari RR, Srivastava HR, Raisingani D, et al. Effect of Saliva Contamination on Shear Bond Strength of Self-etch Adhesive System to Dentin: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):443-446.

In countries like India food waste accounts for more than 50% of the Municipal solid waste collected. Food waste has a lot of potential to be used as a raw material because of its enrichment in organic properties. Thisreview paper presents a study on the basic principles of anaerobic digestion and the reactions which let it occur. Here we have observed all those factors on which the efficiency and production of biogas depends such as pH, Temperature, C/N Ratio, Retention Time. We also have discussed the parameters so that some changes in the digester can be done to increase the efficiency.

BACKGROUND Aesthetic concerns have plagued humans for ages, but now modern technology and science have presented us with various options to treat these concerns. One such aspect is gingival depigmentation which as a dentist, we often come across. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare and evaluate the techniques of gingival depigmentation for the management of gingival hyperpigmentation. METHODS A total of 45 patients with gingival pigmentation were randomly allocated into 3 groups: Surgical scalpel (N = 15), Cryosurgery (N = 15) and 810nm Diode Laser (N = 15). Melanin pigmentation index (MPI), visual analogue scale (VAS), wound healing index (WHI) and colour intensity index were evaluated for all the groups at baseline, immediate postoperative, 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was done for the data obtained to test the significance between the variables. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS MPI scores from baseline to the postoperative intervals were effective in the management of gingival hyperpigmentation without any statistically significant difference. Faster healing was noted with surgical scalpel than cryosurgery. VAS scores were higher for the surgical scalpel group and lower for the other groups. The colour intensity index, an increase in the red colour value and decrease in the blue colour value was indicative of effectiveness of all the three techniques in the management of gingival hyperpigmentation. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that all the three techniques are effective in the management of gingival hyperpigmentation. KEY WORDS Gingival Hyperpigmentation, Aesthetic, Cryosurgery, Surgical Scalpel, Laser

The COVID-19 pandemic springs new challenges to medical personnel, scientists and policy makers every single day. Mask use is the singular policy that stood the test of time in containing the transmission of the disease. However, novel and unthought of side effects of continuous usage of masks for long durations are being reported. Here we report a case of pinna avulsion due to unique etiology—the facemask.