Objective: To determine the potential effectiveness and toxicity of this therapy in children with advanced neuroblastoma or malignant lymphoma. Methods: Carboplatin (425 mg/m2·d) and etoposide (338 mg/m2·d) were given as a 24 h continuous IV infusion on days -7, -6, -5 and -4, and melphalam (70 mg/m2·d) by bolus IV infusion at hour 0 of days -7, -6, and-5(CEM). Or busulphan was given as 1 mg/kg·6 h orally on days -6, -5, -4, and melphalam (140 mg/m2) by IV bolus infusion on day — 3(BM). Treatment regimens followed by autologous PBSC infusion were performed in 19 children with neuroblastoma (n=12) or malignant lymphoma (n=7) for consolidation treatment. There were thirteen males and six females, with a median age of 6.4 years (raging 3.5∼13 years). Results: The median period of achieving ANC >0.5×109/L, WBC>1.0×109/L, and platelet >20×109/L after infusion of PBSCs were 21 d, 17 d, and 33 d respectively. Stomatitis occurred in 16 children (86%), and twelve had gastrointestinal toxicity (64%). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 14 (74%) children. Fifteen patients (79%) survived. Ten patients (53%) are alive in CR. These patients are alive for a median of 639 days and disease-free for 909 d after transplantation. Four cases (21%) relapsed, and four cases (21%) died. Conclusion: CEM or BM regimen followed by autologous PBSCT infusion is safe and feasible, and has significant effects in children with advanced neuroblastoma or malignant lymphoma.