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Additional file 1: Table S1. The clinical information of HCC samples in the TCGA dataset and the ICGC dataset.

Additional file 2: Table S2. List of primers.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Histology of normal nude mouse skin. (A) H&E staining. (B) CD31 immunofluorescence staining. (C) The occupied area rate of vessels in normal nude mouse skin was 0.28 ± 0.10%. (D) The number of blood vessels per field in normal nude mouse skin was 17.32 ± 2.33. (E) CK14 immunofluorescence staining. (F) The thickness of epithelia in normal nude mouse skin was 19.6 ± 4.2 μm. (G) Sirius red staining.

Camellia oleifera C. Abel has been widely cultivated in China, and a group of bioactive constituents such as triterpeniod saponin have been isolated from C. oleifera C. Abel. In the current study, a new triterpeniod saponin was isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of C. oleifera C. Abel, named as oleiferoside W, and the cytotoxic properties of oleiferoside W were evaluated in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. At the same time the inducing apoptosis, the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ), the up-regulation of related pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase-3, and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2/Bax were measured on oleiferoside W. Furthermore, the function, inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, of oleiferoside W could be reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In conclusion, our findings showed that oleiferoside W induced apoptosis involving mitochondrial pathway and increasing intracellular ROS production in the A549 cells, suggesting that oleiferoside W may have the possibility to be a useful anticancer agent for therapy in lung cancer.

Enzymatic removal of blood group B antigen is an effective method to develop universal red blood cells (RBCs) by α-galactosidase. Here we investigated the physicochemical properties of a novel α-galactosidase from B. Fragilis and the optimization of enzymatic conversion for RBC of blood group B to O. The results showed that α-galactosidase exhibited maximum activity at a broad optimal pH of 5.6-6.0 and an optimum temperature of 41°C. Furthermore, the enzyme was efficient in complete removal of B antigen. The conditions for B to O blood group conversion were 26°C, pH 6.8 (250 mmol/L glycine and 3 mmol/L NaCl) for 1 h. The structure and function indexes of the converted red blood cells showed no significant difference from those of normal RBCs. Consequently, the novel α-galactosidase described here was more suitable for enzymatic conversion for achieving the goal of producing universal RBCs, which would improve the blood supply while enhancing the safety of clinical transfusions.

In allusion to the problem of the base-line selecting of distributed aperture coherence-synthetic radar, two types of criterions that the echo-correlated and the echo-coherent are proposed with the mathematic description, and the base-line is computed under typical scene with its application mode, which builds the base for the research and application of this system of radar.

The nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) regulates the activities of gene transcription. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow are multipotent cells which can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NCoR on adipogenic differentiation of MSCs isolated from the rats. The results suggested that rat MSCs could differentiate into adipocytes successfully after cultured in adipogenic medium. NCoR protein determined by Western blot showed a lower expression in MSC-derived adipocytes, indicating that NCoR was involved in adipocyte differentiation of rat MSCs. It further proved that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NCoR could promote cell viability and differentiation and enhance messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). However, over-expression of NCoR exerted its functions in contrary to NCoR knockdown. It indicated that NCoR could negatively regulate adipogenic differentiation of rat MSCs.

It is well known that the buffer plays a key role in the enzymatic reaction involved in blood group conversion. In previous study, we showed that a glycine buffer is suitable for A to O or B to O blood group conversion. In this study, we investigated the use of 5% glucose and other buffers for A to O or B to O blood group conversion by α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase or α-galactosidase.We compared the binding ability of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase/α-galactosidase with red blood cells (RBC) in different reaction buffers, such as normal saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), a disodium hydrogen phosphate-based buffer (PCS), and 5% commercial glucose solution. The doses of enzymes necessary for the A/B to O conversion in different reaction buffers were determined and compared. The enzymes' ability to bind to RBC was evaluated by western blotting, and routine blood typing and fluorescence activated cell sorting was used to evaluate B/A to O conversion efficiency.The A to O conversion efficiency in glucose buffer was similar to that in glycine buffer with the same dose (0.06 mg/mL pRBC). B to O conversion efficiency in glucose buffer was also similar to that in glycine buffer with the same dose (0.005 mg/mL pRBC). Most enzymes could bind with RBC in glycine or glucose buffer, but few enzymes could bind with RBC in PBS, PCS, or normal saline.These results indicate that 5% glucose solution provides a suitable condition for enzymolysis, especially for enzymes combining with RBC. Meanwhile, the conversion efficiency of A/B to O was similar in glucose buffer and glycine buffer. Moreover, 5% glucose solution has been used for years in venous transfusion, it is safe for humans and its cost is lower. Our results do, therefore, suggest that 5% glucose solution could become a novel suitable buffer for A/B to O blood group conversion.

Based on SNR Gain, the distributed aperture coherence-synthetic radar(DACR) is derived by introducing the development of coherence - synthetic technology, and its working principle and some basic concepts are discussed, as well as the key technologies with solution way. At last, both domestic and overseas verification experiments of DACR are shown. (6 pages)

The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is a highly conserved protein among mammals and is considered to have important cellular functions. Despite decades of intensive research, however, the physiological function of PrP(C) remains unclear. Sho (Shadoo, shadow of prion protein) and PrP(C) have similar N-terminals, which suggests that the two proteins share biological functions. Using truncation mutants of both proteins and yeast two-hybrid analysis, with validation by co-immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), we have identified an interaction between Sho 61-77 and PrP(C) 108-126 domains. This indicates that Sho may play a role in the physiological function of PrP(C) and prion pathogenesis.

Surface plasmon resonance was used to develop a rapid, label-free and sensitive immunoassay for detection of Prion protein (PrP). Anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies immobilized on the biosensor surface were allowed to bind various concentrations of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)), followed by a pulse with additional soluble anti-PrP polyclonal antibodies to intensify the signal. The interaction of antibody with antigen was monitored in real time. With this method, it was possible to detect PrP(C) with a limit of 31.7 ng/ml in serum and 13.1 ng/ml in HEPES-saline, requiring 1 h for a single sample measurement. The assay also detected misfolded prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in spiked serum and PrP(Sc) in scrapie-infected mouse brains. This is a rapid and sensitive assay for the detection of PrP in serum that could be developed into a platform for a serum-based TSE test.

We make some preliminary study on the architecture of strict Nash networks of non-complete cooperative mixed-flow network formation games for the first time. In these networks, the way of information exchange between agents within the same coalition is one-way flow; otherwise, it is two-way flow. The costs of forming links within the coalition are lower as compared to costs of forming links across the coalitions. Agents within the same coalition first form efficient networks, on non-complete cooperative mixed-flow network formation games for the first time. In these networks, the way of information exchange between agents within the same coalition is one-way flow; otherwise, it is two-way flow. The costs of forming links within the coalition are lower as compared to costs of forming links across the coalitions. Agents within the same coalition first form efficient networks, on this basis, we study the architecture of strict Nash networks of mixed-flow models with decay and without decay respectively.