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ATM or Automated Teller Machines are widely used by people nowadays. Performing cash withdrawal transaction with ATM is increasing day by day. ATM is very important device throughout the world. The existing conventional ATM is vulnerable to crimes because of the rapid technology development. A total of 270,000 reports have been reported regarding debit card fraud and this was the most reported form of identity theft in 2021. A secure and efficient ATM is needed to increase the overall experience, usability, and convenience of the transaction at the ATM. In today's world, the area of computer vision is advancing at a breakneck pace. The recent progress in biometric identification techniques, including finger printing, retina scanning, and facial recognition has made a great effort to rescue the unsafe situation at the ATM. Specifically, the goal of this project is to give a computer vision method to solve the security risk associated with accessing ATM machines. This project proposes an automatic teller machine security model that uses electronic facial recognition using Deep Convolutional Neural Network. If this technology becomes widely used, faces would be protected as well as their accounts. Face Verification Clickbait Link will be generated and sent to bank account holder to verify the identity of unauthorized user through some dedicated artificial intelligent agents, for remote certification. However, it obvious that man’s biometric features cannot be replicated, this proposal will go a long way to solve the problem of account safety making it possible for the actual account owner alone have access to his accounts. This eliminates the possibility of fraud resulting from ATM card theft and copying. The experimental results on real-time datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach over state-of-the-art deep learning techniques in terms of both learning efficiency and matching accuracy. By using this real time dataset, the proposed system achieves the highest accuracy with 97.93%

This paper is discusses about the Knowledge, Present Status and Opinion of Open Access Resources among the higher educational institutions in Cuddalore Distrcit. The relevant data has collected from the faculty members who are working in higher educational institutions which consists of Engineering & Technology and Arts & Science from January 2022 to May 2022. Totally 1272 questionnaires were distributed which includes 432 from Engineering & Technology institutions and 840 from Arts & Science Colleges in Cuddalore District, Which indicates the questionnaires distributed who are in the role during the study period. And out of 1272, 1035 were received from faculty members after duly filled and responded. The dographic details wise analysis of the 1035 faculty members, 284(27.44%) of stated to ways known about the open access resources through ‘Library Professionals’ which includes 75(7.25%) of them from ‘Engineering and Technology institutions and 209(20.19%) of them from ‘Arts & Science’ institutions.

Electrochemical micromachining (ECM) is a nontraditional method used for machining operations in hard and light materials with fixed or varying parameters. In this study, magnesium AZ31 alloy was micro machined using two types of electrolyte supply systems, namely electrolyte flooding and minimum quantity electrolyte (MQE). Experimental investigations were performed using TOPSIS and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with types of electrolyte supply system, electrolyte concentration (EC), duty cycle (%), and machining voltage (V) as the input parameters, and material removal rate (MRR) and over cut (OC) as the outputs. Single and multi-objective parameter optimization was performed using Taguchi, TOPSIS, and ANN techniques. The machined microholes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. According to the TOPSIS results, under optimal conditions, a high MRR value and minimum OC of 1.282 μm/s and 66 μm, respectively, were obtained. The results of TOPSIS were verified using the developed ANN architecture. KEY WORDS: Magnesium, AZ31 alloy, Electrochemical micromachining, Optimization, TOPSIS, ANN Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1263-1273. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.17 &nbsp

Total dissolved solids (TDS) due to both geogenic and anthropogenic contaminations, is one of the preliminary as well as essential parameters among others to describe water quality. It includes organic and inorganic components, heavy metals, salts, other dissolved substances, and others due to indiscriminate disposal of untreated domestic and industrial effluents, urban and/or agricultural runoff which exists in the form of micro or nano level in nature. Higher TDS levels in water severely impact health and the environment. For instance, it causes gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, genotoxic, respiratory, skin, and hepatic effects in humans. High TDS level (> 500 ppm) results in excessive scaling in household appliances (e.g., pipes, heaters, and boilers) thereby reducing their efficiency. Therefore, the removal of TDS from various water matrices is taking paramount importance to minimize its impact on health and the environment. Various TDS removal technologies based on the membrane, ion, and temperature gradient are employed to treat water. In this review paper, several TDS removal technologies for instance reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, distillation, ultrafiltration, forward osmosis, precipitation, desalination, ion exchange, electrochemical techniques, electrodialysis, electrolysis, electrocoagulation, and adsorption are discussed in detail.

Renal calculi are a typical urological system problem. It involves the urinary tract's crystallization process. An obstruction in the ureter can produce renal or ureteric colic, an acute and debilitating pain. It typically happens in the ureter's more constrained regions. It may also be accompanied by other symptoms like hydronephrosis, haematuria, acute pain, nausea, and vomiting. Case Summary: A case of multiple renal calculi in both kidneys with a 19mm calculus lodged at the PU (Ureteropelvic) Junction of the right kidney. The patient presented with severe cutting pain in the lumbar region in the abdomen with radiating pain from the right loin to left. The patient had pain before and after urination. After case-taking, based on the totality of symptoms and repertorization, Homoeopathic medicine, Lycopodium clavatum 200C was prescribed. That proved that Homoeopathic medicines are effective for the expulsion of renal stones.

In recent times, it has been witnessed that wireless systems based on IoT-based have developed rapidly in various sectors. The IoT (Internet of Things) is the network in which physical devices, equipment, sensors and other objects can communicate among themselves without human involvement. The WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is a central component of the IoT, which has proliferated into several different applications in real-time. The IoT and WSNs now have various critical and non-critical applications impacting nearly every area of our everyday life. WSN nodes are usually small and battery-driven machines. Thus, the energy effective data aggregation techniques that increase the lifespan of the network are highly significant. Various approaches and algorithms for energy-efficient data aggregation in IoT-WSN systems were presented. This paper reviews the literature with specific attention to aspects of wireless networking for the preservation of energy and aggregation of data.

The application of electrode heating is proposed in electrochemical micromachining (EMM). In the EMM process, the temperature of the electrode, voltage, duty cycle, and electrolyte concentration are considered process parameters. Taguchi L18 mixed-level orthogonal array (OA) design was adopted for designing the experiments and this study highlights the effect of temperature on responses such as radial overcut (ROC), material removal rate (MRR), and conicity factor (CF). In addition, multicriterion design making (MCDM) with VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, i.e., multi-criteria optimization and compromise solution) technique is used for finding the best alternatives based on the distinct weight assessing methods such as equal weights method (EWM), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and entropy-based weights method (EBWM). Furthermore, a confirmation test is also conducted to find the best optimal parameters and their levels among the EWM-VIKOR, AHP-VIKOR, and EBWM-VIKOR. The results revealed that AHP-VIKOR provides a maximum improvement of 0.945 among the three methods.

In this study, we made an attempt to attenuate the dexamethasone induced hypertension through Biochanin-A (BCA) in experimental rats. Hypertension was induced in male albino Wistar rats by subcutaneous administration of dexamethasone (10μg/kg body weight). The rats were orally treated with BCA (10mg/kg body weight) once daily for 45 days and Nicorandil-treated group (6mg/kg body weight) included for comparison. We evaluated the changes in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, blood pressure, vascular function, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression of histone deacetylases (HDAC)-1, HDAC-2, and HDAC-8. Administration of BCA or Nicorandil showed noteworthy improvement in vascular function in experimental rats. Moreover, aortic eNOS expression was down regulated, and NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox was up regulated in hypertensive rats. The antihypertensive effects of BCA were connected with concomitant downregulation of p47phox expression and upregulation of eNOS expression. Dexamethasone exposure led to increased mRNA expression of HDACs expression in the kidneys and these were restored after BCA administration. In conclusion, our results are, therefore, BCA reduces hypertension in experimental rats and suggests that BCA might be used against the hypertension.

Electrochemical machining is a nonconventional machining process in which the metal removal is achieved by the electricity and chemical solution known as an electrolyte. It is the reverse electrolysis process where the application of electricity facilitates the current travel in between anode and cathode. The mechanism of the ion movement is similar to the electrolysis process. Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a type of advanced machining process which employs electricity to perform the machining process on the workpiece. It is also known as a reverse electroplating process where metal removal is achieved instead of metal deposition on the metal surface. There are various parameters that affect the metal removal process in the ECM process, such as electrolyte, power supply, workpiece material, and tool material. The electrolyte is one of the key factors impacting the machining rate, surface finish, and reliability of the produced parts. In this project, a brief study is carried out regarding the electrochemical process and the electrolytes where the properties, functions, merits, and demerits are evaluated. The impact of the various electrolytes and their suitability for machining of various metals is also discussed. The findings of the effect produced by using the mixture of the electrolyte in the electrochemical machining process are discussed in this project. The effects of the complexing agents on the electrolyte and the electrochemical process as a whole are also reviewed.

Purpose This paper aims to determine the regression rate using wax fuels for three different grain configurations and find a suitable grain port design for hybrid rocket application. Design/methodology/approach The design methodology of this work includes different grain port designs and subsequent selection of solid fuels for a suitable hybrid rocket application. A square, a cylindrical and a five-point star grained were designed and prepared using paraffin and beeswax fuels. They were tested in a laboratory-scale rocket with gaseous oxygen to study the effectiveness of solid fuels on these grain structures. The regression rate by static fire testing of these wax fuels was analyzed. Findings Beeswax performance is better than that of paraffin wax fuel for all three designs, and the five-slotted star fuel port grain attained the best performance. Beeswax fuel attained an average regression rate ≈of 1.35 mm/s as a function of oxidizer mass flux Gox ≈ 111.8 kg/m2 s and for paraffin wax 1.199 mm/s at Gox ≈ 121 kg/m2 s with gaseous oxygen. The local regression rates of fuels increased in the range of 0.93–1.194 mm/s at oxidizer mass flux range of 98–131 kg/m2 s for cylindrical grain, 0.99–1.21 mm/s at oxidizer mass flux range of 96–129 kg/m2s for square grain and 1.12–1.35 mm/s at oxidizer mass flux range of 91–126 kg/m2 s for a star grain. A complete set of the regression rate formulas is obtained for all three-grain designs as a function of oxidizer flux rate. Research limitations/implications The experiment has been performed for a lower chamber pressure up to 10 bar. Originality/value Different grain configurations were designed according to the required dimension of the combustion chamber, injector and exhaust nozzle of the design of a lab-scale hybrid rocket, and input parameters were selected and analyzed.

In this research contribution, we have constructed a subclass of analytic bi-univalent functions using Horadam polynomials. Bounds for certain coefficients and Fekete- Szegö inequalities have been estimated.

In Tamil Nadu, India, the old wind turbines installed in 1988 have to be repowered and replaced by modern/advanced technological wind turbines. A solar power plant can be set up using the vast area between the wind turbines on the farm. The economic evaluation must be carried out to determine whether this hybrid project is economically beneficial. This article aims to examine the financial viability of repowering old wind turbines with solar power plants’ inclusion. According to the initial investment costs specified within fixed areas and the distance between turbines, the issue is articulated as optimizing the net present value (NPV) of the project. In this study, the economic investigation on the wind farm located in Kayathar was explored by replacing 30 numbers of 200 kW old wind turbines with modern wind turbines of 2000–3000 kW and installing the solar power plant between wind turbines, excluding the shadow region of wind turbines. The HOMER Pro software and Excel spreadsheet were used to analyze the optimal allocation, economic, electricity production, and sensitivity analyses of the effective hybrid systems. The value of electricity prices was measured using the levelized cost of energy and NPV methods. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of the chosen parameters for the internal rate of return and debt service coverage ratio was estimated for wind and solar hybridization. The economic analysis suggests satisfactory profitability for the project, even without depending on subsidies. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis helps one see the consequences of the risk on the life of the wind farm and its impact on the project’s productivity and performance.

Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) addresses the drawbacks of Mobile Users (MU) where the in-depth evaluation of mobile applications is transferred to a centralized cloud via a wireless medium to reduce load, therefore optimizing resources. In this paper, we consider the resource (i.e., bandwidth and memory) allocation problem to support mobile applications in a MCC environment. In such an environment, Mobile Cloud Service Providers (MCSPs) form a coalition to create a resource pool to share their resources with the Mobile Cloud Users. To enhance the welfare of the MCSPs, a method for optimal resource allocation to the mobile users called, Poisson Linear Deep Resource Allocation (PL-DRA) is designed. For resource allocation between mobile users, we formulate and solve optimization models to acquire an optimal number of application instances while meeting the requirements of mobile users. For optimal application instances, the Poisson Distributed Queuing model is designed. The distributed resource management is designed as a multithreaded model where parallel computation is provided. Next, a Linear Gradient Deep Resource Allocation (LG-DRA) model is designed based on the constraints, bandwidth, and memory to allocate mobile user instances. This model combines the advantage of both decision making (i.e. Linear Programming) and perception ability (i.e. Deep Resource Allocation). Besides, a Stochastic Gradient Learning is utilized to address mobile user scalability. The simulation results show that the Poisson queuing strategy based on the improved Deep Learning algorithm has better performance in response time, response overhead, and energy consumption than other algorithms.

Aluminum 7075 has proved its dominance in numerous applications because of its strength and light weight. Recent research in AA7075 has brought high potential in improving wear resistance, corrosion and machinability. This paper is highly concentrated to improve the wear resistance of AA7075 used in automotive applications. This work includes fabrication of AA7075 with predetermined compositions of SiC by using friction stir processing. First, SEM analysis has been carried out to ensure the defect free zone of surface hybrid composites. Secondly, L9 Taguchi array design was used to obtain wear behavior analysis. Based on the experimental results, influencing factor on wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) was examined. Based on grey relational analysis (GRG) analysis, Load places a major contribution of 54.22% compare to wt. % of Sic and Sliding velocity on wear and COF and improvement in GRG is achieved by 17%.

In this paper, the thermal, hydraulic and thermodynamic performances of heat exchanger with spiral coils are placed cascading on the cylindrical shaped shell inside the heat exchanger. Tube side pressure drop and exergy efficiency are considered as a hydraulic and thermo hydraulic performance whereas overall heat transfer coefficient (U), effectiveness are considered as thermal performance. The tube side flow rate varies from 2 to 6 lpm and shell has two flow rates 4 lpm and 10 lpm. Flow conditions are varied and conducted the experiment to find the best flow rate inside the spiral heat exchanger. From the experiment results effectiveness, nusselt number, prandtl number, heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and exergy efficiency, to validate the outlet temperature CFD analysis were performed on various flow rates. The experiment results are good in agreement with CFD results. Shell side flow rate of 10 lpm gives higher efficiency for the different flow rates of tube side from 2 to 6 lpm.

The developments in information and communication technology in the digital age are primarily based on the IoT. The IoT-based services are enhancing the real world progress of the domestic/commercial/industrial sector. IoT-based automation is more common and all electrical gadgets are networked to monitor the operating condition without human interference. This helped us to develop an idea to manage the illumination control of electrical systems in the workplace to control the excess heat and light ray reflection. The sensors sense the operations of selected gadgets over a smart phone. The gadgets data are monitored around the globe in real time, either for easy access or security purposes. Gadgets operating information is sent to the cloud via wifi module with ESP8266 and router support. This work uses the Adafruit cloud and obtains data. In order to track the working state, the user can view the data in the Adafruit dash board and also be authenticated to the public to view same.

In this work, a newly designed nickel strike adhesive layer with a combination of Zn-Co-Ni alloy material via direct current (DC) electrodeposition over the mild steel (MS). The quality of the deposition is optimized and evaluated from various parameters such as the concentration of electrolyte, current density, electrolyte temperature, and time, respectively. The optimized nickel strike Zn-Co-Ni alloy phases are obtained at 4 A/dm2 current density and were subjected to XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and EDS techniques. The impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) studies of as prepared alloys have been carried out in 0.1 M KCl and 3.5% NaCl solutions via three-electrode systems. The Tafel-corrosion studies illustrate that the rate of corrosion obtained of 0.1469 mm/year and represents very good corrosion resistance properties as well as good adhesion and structural properties with the environmental degradation issue.

The combination of nickel and chromium has provides better substance properties. In addition to that, the Silicon Carbide (SiC) particulates (weight percentage of 1.50) were mixed to the base alloys to enhance the further substance properties. The tensile strength and density of the composite was increased. The chemical composition was validated through Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) test. The chrome composite was drilled by ultrasonic vibrations. The voltage, slurry concentration and abrasive grit size was chosen for control factors. The Material Removal Rate (MRR) was determined through the combinations of control factors. Taguchi approach was used to optimize the ultrasonic machining factors. The factors effects have been discussed through variance test and Pareto chart.

Natural fiber composites created by jute, pine apple and banana compositions percentage of weight by hand layup method. There are three composites material created with 50% composition basis. In each composite one of the materials is in 50% remaining two materials are in 25% for each composition. This composition with three different thicknesses such as 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm used to insulate the generator exhaust pipe to identify the thermal resistance and thermal conductivity. The identification of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance were calculated through traditional methods and temperatures measured through sensing units.

BiSb nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method. The synthesized material having a trigonal structure with space group R3m was confirmed through X-ray diffraction pattern. The Williamson-Hall method was employed to analyze the lattice stress and micro-strain produced in the BiSb nanoparticles. On the prepared material surface morphology studies were carried out using HR-SEM with EDXA. UV-visible absorption spectrum shows a wide absorption peak at 287 nm and the estimated band gap value is at Eg = 1.6 eV (from Tauc plot). The values of remanent polarization Pr = 0.156 μC/cm2, saturation polarization Ps = 0.253 μC/cm2, and coercive electric field Ec = 13.5 kV/cm obtained from the loop were close to the value. The BiSb nanoparticles exhibit semi-metallic-reported characteristics. This material is useful for thermoelectric power generation applications.

We have constructed a subclass of analytic bi-univalent functions using ( $${{\mathfrak {p}}}$$ , $${{\mathfrak {q}}}$$ )-Lucas polynomials in this research contribution. Bounds for certain coefficients and Fekete–Szego inequalities have been estimated.

The ternary full Heusler alloy Mn2CoAl nanoparticles were synthesized by using co-precipitation technique. The as-prepared sample was observed for amorphous nature and further increased at various annealing temperatures (like 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C) in argon gas atmosphere for 5 h. X-ray diffraction studies were performed, and the pattern confirms the formation of Hg2CuTi-type structure of the XA or Xα disorder structure. Williamson-Hall plot (W-H plot) was used to find the uniform deformation model so as to get low value of strain-induced broadening. The presence of Mn2CoAl with the particle size ≈ 50 nm was obtained from high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), and the elemental analysis study confirms the presence of Mn, Co, and Al. UV-Visible absorption spectrum shows the wide absorption peak at 470 nm and the estimated band gap energy value at Eg = 0.8 eV (from Tauc plot) for 900 °C annealed sample. Synthesized Mn2CoAl nanoparticles induced ferromagnetic behavior due to composition deviation and as a result displayed low coercivity of soft magnetic behavior. Half-metallic ferromagnetic Heusler alloys have a wide range of applications from medical imaging to data storage, and also it has profound spintronics applications.

AA6262 and AA5456 alloys are welded through friction stir weld (FSW) with process parameters of tool speed of 1200 rpm, welding speed of 25 mm/min, and tool angle of 3 degree. A cylindrical shape HSS-13 tool is used to perform the welding process To improve mechanical properties of tensile strength (TS), yield strength (YS), elongation%, hardness, and wear behavior, postweld heat treatment was conducted on the FSW sample at different temperatures from 300°C to 500°C. The influence of heat treatment (HT) changes the material characteristics. It is observed that the maximum TS (209 MPa) and YS (178 MPa) are identified when maintaining temperature 350°C on the FSW sample. The reduction in elongation of as-welded joints is entirely improved by HT, and the elongation percentage is almost increased to 5% when increasing temperature on the heat treatment process, and hardness test results exhibited that the increased hardness value (120Hv) is found at HT-300°C nugget zone distance of 0 to 5 mm range.

In this study, a modified catalytic converter was employed to treat the harmful exhaust gas pollutants of a twin-cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine. This research mainly focuses on the emission reduction of unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides at low light-off temperatures. A sucrolite catalyst (sucrolite) was coated over the metallic substrate present inside the catalytic converter, and exhaust gas was allowed to pass through it. A scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the changes in morphology, chemical compounds, and functional group elements caused by the reactions. Catalytic reactions were studied by varying the engine loads and bed temperatures, and the results were compared with those of the commercial catalytic converter. The results show that sucrose present in the catalyst was suitable at low temperatures while alumina was suitable for a wide range of temperatures. In the case of the modified catalytic converter, the maximum catalytic conversion efficiencies achieved for oxidizing CO and HC were 70.73% and 85.14%, respectively, and for reduction reaction at NO

This study focuses on effectively utilizing the biodiesel extracted from Azolla (third-generation biofuel), which is regarded as a renewable energy source, for fueling diesel engines. Biodiesel is unique due to its increased viscosity and different fatty acid composition, which proved difficult to attain better engine performance with a mechanical type injection system. This study expands on the previous investigation in modifying the fuel system when using Azolla biodiesel by using a common rail fuel injection system with wider injection flexibility. Considering the lack of more engine optimization studies for Azolla biodiesel, a parametric study is conducted by changing the fuel injection pressure in the range between 300 bar and 900 bar for diesel engine fueled by B20 (20% Azolla +80% diesel) blend. The experimental engine study revealed that the physical properties of the fuel adversely affect the in-cylinder combustion, which leads to poor engine performance and higher emissions at lower injection pressure (300 bar) for B20 when compared to diesel. As the injection pressure increases, the fuel atomization and other spray characteristics are enhanced and thereby improve the combustion. The Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) for B20 at 900 bar injection pressure is 3% higher than the diesel fuel at 300 bar injection pressure under full load conditions. The HC, CO, and smoke emission in the engine exhaust for B20 at 900 bar injection pressure was reduced by 13.3%, 28.5%, and 12.3%, respectively, when compared to diesel. Overall, this study recommends the operation of Azolla biodiesel blend in diesel at 900 bar fuel injection pressure to attain improved engine characteristics. WOS:000862937200005 35977574 Q1

The Bi2Se3 nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method. The structural and morphological characterization has been done using XRD, HRSEM and Raman while electrical studies at room temperature were analyzed using impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltmetry. The phase formation was confirmed through XRD measurement and average grain size was found to be 25 nm for as-prepared sample and 37 nm for 650 ºC for 12 hours annealed sample. Raman spectrum appears in the higher frequency range, this is due to stronger bonding forces, i.e the peak at 524 cm− 1 or may arise due to the overtones of A11g and E2g modes. The redox behavior was due to Bi3+ converted into Bi2+ and Bi metallic state. This redox peak was confined the formation of Bi2Se3 nanoparticles. The high temperature electrical conductivity studies were performed as-prepared and annealed sample using impedance spectroscopy.

A sequence of new isoxazole substituted Schiff base and Mannich base of 5-nitroisatin are synthesized by a multi-step synthesis from 5-nitroisatin. Whole synthesized analogs were characterized using IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy and microanalyses. All the Schiff and Mannich bases were tested for their antimicrobial potencies against some human pathogenic microorganism using agar well diffusion technique. The relationship between the biological activity and the functional group variation of the Schiff and Mannich bases were analyzed. Standard ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole were used to compare the antimicrobial activities of novel isatin coupled isoxazole derivatives.

Electrochemical deposition of platinum nanoflower particles (PtNFPs) on reduced graphite oxide, rGO/GCE, using H2PtCl6 electrolyte in H2SO4 solution was investigated by chronoamperometry (CA). The experimental i-t curves measured at different overpotentials were analyzed and compared with theoretical curves obtained for the two limiting cases of the 3D nucleation and growth model, as described by Scharifker and Hills. The effect of deposition overpotential on the deposition process was evaluated. Through comparing potentiostatic current-time transients with the Scharifker-Hills model, a transition from instantaneous to a mixed kind of progressive-instantaneous nucleation was observed when increasing the deposition overpotential. CA results clearly show that the electrodeposition processes are diffusion-controlled (D0 = 2.77 × 10-5 cm2 s-1). A finer distribution of PtNFPs with an average size of ∼70 nm was obtained in 1.0 mM H2PtCl6 electrolyte in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The as-prepared PtNFP/rGO catalyst shows 1.5 times higher activity than rGO/GCE, and the catalytic activity towards glucose oxidation is about many fold higher than that of the rGO/GCE and bare platinum electrode.

Fe2CoSn Heusler alloy nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method. The prepared samples were annealed at various temperatures (700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C, and 900 °C) in N2 atmosphere. The structural properties of Fe2CoSn Heusler alloy nanoparticles were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction techniques. The structure of the Fe2CoSn Heusler alloy nanoparticles was found to be FCC superlattice of L21 disorder structure. The grain size of Fe2CoSn Heusler alloy nanoparticles was found to be 4.82 nm for 800 °C annealed samples and it gets increased for high annealing temperatures. Dislocation density was calculated to be 4.304 × 1016 m−2 for 800 °C annealed samples with low coercivity, low exchange bias, high susceptibility, and high saturation values.

Production of high performance low-energy loss solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is a challenge and is the global demand of the current market. We have focused on to develop SOFCs that can be operated at 600–800 °C with better ionic conductivity when compared to the conventional SOFCs functioning at 1000–800 °C. Bulk cerium oxide (CeO2)-based solid electrolyte lessens ionic conductivity at room temperature, thus nanocrystalline CeO2 has been used to improve the conductivity and to control the temperature. The transition metal-doped CeO2 (Ce(1−X)Cr(X)O2) nanocrystalline is used to increases the deficiency of oxygen molecules which in turn enhances ionic conductivity in electrolyte material for SOFC applications. The structural and morphological characterization have been done using XRD, RAMAN and FESEM, while electrical and magnetic characterization at room temperature was analysed using vibrating sample magnetometer, impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetery shows better ionic conductivity in Cr doped CeO2 in comparison with pure nanocrystalline CeO2.

The point of this paper is to plan and foster a finger impression based train motor getting to framework with a perspective on lessening manual working and to avert unauthorised users. As of late, train commandeer has been on the increment as equipped burglars center around taking vehicles, particularly the pristine ones. This is accomplished with the utilization of a finger impression module, ATMega328P microcontroller and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module. Correspondence based train control (CBTC) [8] is a control mechanism which use bidirectional train–ground to operate the trains in a safer manner. Since there is problem in controlling the train via remote operation and its transportability, wireless networks can be incorporated to manage the execution of train control system.For that we used ESP2866 wifi module which is used for uploading the train engine drivers database into the server. However we can avoid this collision and prevent the train from accident by utilizing the impact identification innovation which can be made by ultrasonic sound. This technology is used to detect the obstacle and it gradually slow down the speed of the train by applying the air brake to stop the train before the mishap occurs.

This article has been retracted at the request of the Publisher. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal

The regulations of legislative bodies regarding the recycling and reusage of automotive materials has caused a great deal of obligation among automotive manufacturers to use natural fibres or green composites. Green composites or more commonly known as bio-composites are made up of natural fibres. Natural fibres are used by humankind since prehistoric times. The natural fibre is obtained from plants as well as animals. Since the natural fibre is obtained from natural as well as biological resources, it is biodegradable and recyclable. This paper presents the study and analysis conducted to address the suitability of natural fibre in the automotive industry. This paper discusses the finite element analysis of four different natural fibre composites used for making car door panel, i.e., flax, jute, sisal, and leather are taken for the material study. This paper helps to find the effectiveness of each of the four natural fibre composites that have already been used in the automotive sector. This paper includes the analysis of four different natural fibres with and without the addition of the aluminium as the reinforcement material. This project revolves around the design of the composite fibre sheet and analysis of the mechanical parameters such as equivalent stress, shear stress, strain, deformation, and so on. The studies and observations of the analysis showed that the natural fibre with the aluminium reinforcement proved to be much stronger than that without the reinforcement. The results of finite element analysis showcased lowest total deformation and equivalent strain in the flax as 1.026 m and 0.017 mm/mm, respectively. However, sisal showed the lowest equivalent stress and shear stress which were 68.09 and 38.178 MPa, respectively. Additionally, leather showed the highest amount of stress, strain, and deformation, and hence leather was deemed to have undesirable properties regarding the usage in car door panels. All the materials except leather were found to be safe under the loading conditions. Hence, the flax fibre is recommended by the project to have superior properties compared to the other materials.