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1. Nonlinear harmonics of a seeded free-electron laser as a coherent and ultrafast probe to investigate matter at the water window and beyond

Author

G. Penco, G. Perosa, E. Allaria, L. Badano, F. Bencivenga, A. Brynes, C. Callegari, F. Capotondi, A. Caretta, P. Cinquegrana, S. Dal Zilio, M. B. Danailov, D. De Angelis, A. Demidovich, S. Di Mitri, L. Foglia, G. Gaio, A. Gessini, L. Giannessi, G. Kurdi, M. Manfredda, M. Malvestuto, C. Masciovecchio, R. Mincigrucci, I. Nikolov, E. Pedersoli, S. Pelli Cresi, E. Principi, P. Rebernik, A. Simoncig, S. Spampinati, C. Spezzani, F. Sottocorona, M. Trovó, M. Zangrando, V. Chardonnet, M. Hennes, J. Lüning, B. Vodungbo, P. Bougiatioti, C. David, B. Roesner, M. Sacchi, E. Roussel, E. Jal, G. De Ninno, Penco, G, Perosa, G, Allaria, E, Badano, L, Bencivenga, F, Brynes, A, Callegari, C, Capotondi, F, Caretta, A, Cinquegrana, P, Dal Zilio, S, Danailov, Mb, De Angelis, D, Demidovich, A, Di Mitri, S, Foglia, L, Gaio, G, Gessini, A, Giannessi, L, Kurdi, G, Manfredda, M, Malvestuto, M, Masciovecchio, C, Mincigrucci, R, Nikolov, I, Pedersoli, E, Cresi, Sp, Principi, E, Rebernik, P, Simoncig, A, Spampinati, S, Spezzani, C, Sottocorona, F, Trovo, M, Zangrando, M, Chardonnet, V, Hennes, M, Luning, J, Vodungbo, B, Bougiatioti, P, David, C, Roesner, B, Sacchi, M, Roussel, E, Jal, E, De Ninno, G, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), INFN- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Croissance et propriétés de systèmes hybrides en couches minces (INSP-E8), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DYnamique des Systèmes COmplexes (DYSCO), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Nova Gorica

Subjects
Non-linear Harmonic, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Non-linear Harmonics, Coherence, Water window, ddc:530, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract

Physical review / A 105(5), 053524 (2022). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.105.053524, The advent of free-electron lasers (FELs) in the soft- and hard-x-ray spectral regions has introduced the possibility to probe electronic, magnetic, and structural dynamics, in both diluted and condensed matter samples, with femtosecond time resolution. In particular, FELs have strongly enhanced the capabilities of several analytical techniques, which have taken advantage of the high degree of transverse coherence provided. Free-electron lasers based on the harmonic up-conversion of an external coherent source (seed) are characterized also by a high degree of longitudinal coherence, since electrons inherit the coherence properties of the seed. For the state of the art, the shortest wavelength delivered to user experiments by an externally seeded FEL light source is about 4 nm. In this paper we demonstrate that pulses with a high longitudinal degree of coherence (first and second order) covering the water window and with photon energy extending up to 790 eV can be generated by exploiting the so-called nonlinear harmonic regime, which allows generation of radiation at harmonics of the resonant FEL wavelength. In order to show the suitability of the nonlinear harmonics generated by a seeded FEL for research in the water window and beyond, we report the results of two proof-of-principle experiments: one measuring the oxygen $K$-edge absorption in water (∼$530$ eV) and the other analyzing the spin dynamics of Fe and Co through magnetic small-angle x-ray scattering at their $L$ edges (707 and 780 eV, respectively)., Published by Inst., Woodbury, NY

Published
2022
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2. Addendum: Experimental evidence of intrabeam scattering in a free-electron laser driver (2020 New J. Phys. 22 083053)

Author

S Di Mitri, G Perosa, A Brynes, I Setija, S Spampinati, P H Williams, A Wolski, E Allaria, S Brussaard, L Giannessi, G Penco, P R Rebernik, and M Trov

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

A conceptual inaccuracy in the calculation of energy spread induced by intrabeam scattering in the presence of linear acceleration is put in evidence. A new self-consistent equation is presented. Two new solutions are provided in the approximation of Coulomb logarithm independent of the particle energy, and for a weak energy dependence. A comparison of the three solutions is shown; it does not imply any noticeable modification to the previously published data, hence the published conclusions remain valid.

Published
2022
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3. Time-Resolved Measurement of Interatomic Coulombic Decay Induced by Two-Photon Double Excitation of Ne_{2}

Author

T. Takanashi, N. V. Golubev, C. Callegari, H. Fukuzawa, K. Motomura, 1 D. Iablonskyi, Y. Kumagai, S. Mondal, T. Tachibana, K. Nagaya, T. Nishiyama, K. Matsunami, P. Johnsson, P. Piseri, G. Sansone, A. Dubrouil, M. Reduzzi, P. Carpeggiani, C. Vozzi, M. Devetta, M. Negro, D. Faccialà, F. Calegari, A. Trabattoni, M. C. Castrovilli, Y. Ovcharenko, M. Mudrich, F. Stienkemeier, M. Coreno, M. Alagia, B. Schütte, N. Berrah, O. Plekan, P. Finetti, C. Spezzani, E. Ferrari, E. Allaria, G. Penco, C. Serpico, G. De Ninno, B. Diviacco, S. Di Mitri, L. Giannessi, G. Jabbari, K. C. Prince, L. S. Cederbaum, Ph. V. Demekhin, A. I. Kuleff, and K. Ueda

Subjects
FEL, ICD, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, ddc:550, pump probe, Neon dimer
Abstract

The hitherto unexplored two-photon doubly excited states [Ne^{*}(2p^{-1}3s)]_{2} were experimentally identified using the seeded, fully coherent, intense extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser FERMI. These states undergo ultrafast interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD), which predominantly produces singly ionized dimers. In order to obtain the rate of ICD, the resulting yield of Ne_{2}^{+} ions was recorded as a function of delay between the extreme ultraviolet pump and UV probe laser pulses. The extracted lifetimes of the long-lived doubly excited states, 390(-130/+450) fs, and of the short-lived ones, less than 150 fs, are in good agreement with ab initio quantum mechanical calculations.

Published
2016
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5. Development of a Parametric Model for Analysing Temperature Effects of Solar Radiation on Yachts

Author

G Penco, T Pais, V. Kumar, and D Boote

Subjects
Thermal imaging, Thermal expansions, business.industry, Aesthetics, Motor yachts, painting, thermal loads, Yachts, Hull coatings, Motor yachts, Radiation, painting, Yachts, Aesthetics, Solar radiation, Thermal expansions, Hull coatings, Thermal imaging, thermal loads, Parametric model, Solar radiation, Environmental science, Development (differential geometry), Aerospace engineering, business
Published
2014
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6. LINAC DESIGN FOR THE FERMI PROJECT

Author

G. D'AURIA, P. CRAIEVICH, P. DELGIUSTO, S. DI MITRI, M. FERIANIS, M. MILLOCH, C. PAPPAS, G. PENCO, M. TROVÒ, SINCROTRONE TRIESTE, TRIESTE, ITALY, L. DOOLITTLE, A. RATTI, LBNL, BERKELEY, CA, U. S. A., MENOTTI, ENRICO, G., D'Auria, P., Craievich, P., Delgiusto, S., DI MITRI, M., Feriani, Menotti, Enrico, M., Milloch, C., Pappa, G., Penco, M., Trovò, Sincrotrone, Trieste, Trieste, Italy, L., Doolittle, A., Ratti, Lbnl, Berkeley, and Ca, U. S. A.

Published
2006

7. The TeraFERMI beamline at the FERMI Free-Electron-Laser

Author

A. Perucchi, S. Di Mitri, G. Penco, E. Allaria, and S. Lupi

Subjects
Physics, Optics, Beamline, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Free-electron laser, Optoelectronics, business, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

We describe the project for the construction of a Terahertz (THz) beamline to be called TeraFERMI at the seeded FERMI Free Electron Laser (FEL) facility in Trieste, Italy.

Published
2013
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8. Erratum: Transverse emittance preservation during bunch compression in the Fermi free electron laser [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 15, 020701 (2012)]

Author

S. Di Mitri, E. M. Allaria, P. Craievich, W. Fawley, L. Giannessi, A. Lutman, G. Penco, S. Spampinati, and M. Trovo

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Surfaces and Interfaces
Published
2012

9. First operational results of the 3rd harmonic super conducting cavities in SLS and ELETTRA

Author

P. Bredy, G. Penco, A. Fabris, G. Devanz, S. Marque, S. Chel, P. Marchand, A. Anghel, P Craievich, W. Gloor, P. Bosland, M Svandrlik, Marco Pedrozzi, Oliver Aberle, E. Chiaveri, R. Losito, and C. Pasotti

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Electrical engineering, Cryogenics, Optics, Bunches, Harmonic, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Radio frequency, business, Swiss Light Source, Beam (structure), Voltage
Abstract

In both ELETTRA and the Swiss Light Source (SLS), a complementary 3rd harmonic (1.5 GHz) idle superconducting RF system has been recently implemented and commissioned, in order to lengthen the bunches and therefore improve the Touschek dominated beam lifetime. Here below we report on the commissioning results.

Published
2004
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10. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients: A case–control study

Author

G. Cassola, E. Palummeri, R. Piscopo, Andrea Giusti, Monica Razzano, M Feasi, Antonella Barone, E. Pontali, G. Penco, Monica Pizzonia, and Giulio Pioli

Subjects
Hip fracture, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, FRAX, Physiology, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Osteoporosis, Case-control study, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, vitamin D deficiency, Bone remodeling, Internal medicine, medicine, Secondary hyperparathyroidism, business
Abstract

Introduction.We explored the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism(sHPTH) ina case–control studyof100HIV-infectedpatients (HIV) and100 matched controls.Methods. HIVwere included if theywere naive to antiretroviral therapy (ART) or receiving first line ART. Healthy controls were matched for age (age range 25–65 years) and gender. Subjects, recruited between February–April 2009, underwent a standardized assessment to evaluate demographic and anthropometric characteristics, bone mineral density (BMD), serum calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD), PTH, markers of bone turnover, clinical history and ART regimens (HIV only). The proportion of patientswith 25OHD 65 pg/ml was calculated. Secondary analyses were undertaken to evaluate variables associated with vitamin D deficiency in HIV. Results. The two groups were comparable with regard to baseline characteristics, except for alcohol intake, level of physical activity and prevalence of fractures. A significantly greater proportion (p =20), reclassification analyses showed that the GFRC reclassified more patients who sustaineda fracture to higher risk categories (85.4%), but alsomorepatientswhodidnot sustain a fracture (68.7%). Therefore, net reclassification was not significant (p>0.05, Table 1). Even after correction of the 10-year risk of FRAX (1/(major fractures/all fractures)=1/(36/ 48)=1.33) the results remained the same, and also when BMD was not included (data not shown). Discussion: GFRC, compared with FRAX, resulted in significantly higher fracture risks for women who did and did not sustain a fracture after baseline. GFRC reclassified significantly more women who did sustain a fracture to higher risk categories. However, the net reclassification was not significant. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ECTS 2011. Disclosure of interest: None declared. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.054 OC03/AHP03 Adherence to recommendations for fall prevention significantly affects the risk of falling after hip fracture in older women M. Di Monaco , C. Castiglioni ⁎, F. Vallero , E. De Toma , L. De Lauso , R. Tappero c a Osteoporosis Research Center, Presidio Sanitario San Camillo, Torino, Italy

Published
2011
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11. [Rhodococcus equi infections in AIDS: personal cases]

Author

N, Piersantelli, M, Casini-Lemmi, E, Cavanna, G, Cassola, M P, Crisalli, B, Guida, M, Paladino, G, Penco, R, Piscopo, and A, Torresin

Subjects
Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Rhodococcus equi, Bronchopneumonia, Humans, Bacteremia, Meningitis, Aseptic, Actinomycetales Infections, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

We report on the occurrence of an uncommon pathogen, Rhodococcus equi (R.e.) in HIV infection. In the period february 1990-July 1991 we performed the diagnosis of R.e. infection (lung, lung-central nervous system) in two infected patients, aged 27 and 31 years, both males, drug addicts, classified as CDC IV. In the first of them an cavitating right bronchopneumonia (bpm) was diagnosed as of tuberculous origin, on the ground of the microscopic demonstration of an acid-fast, gram-positive strain in b.a.l.. A standard antituberculous regimen was uneffective and R.e. was eventually isolated in three blood culture taken shortly before the exitus and at post-mortem examination of the lungs. In the second patient a subclavian right bpm developed without microbiological evidence of any common pathogen. A third-generation cephalosporin course was only partially successful (clinical amelioration, incomplete clearing of radiological findings). After 3 months the patient relapsed and an aseptic meningitis developed. Cultures of blood and csf yielded a R.e. strain; post-mortem examination revealed a diffuse, cavitating bpm. Our personal experience underlines the difficulty in recognizing R.e. infections in compromised host, because of similarity to other entities (i.e. tuberculosis) and the absence of pathognomonic hints.

Published
1992

16. [Isoniazid therapy and monitoring plasma levels]

Author

G, Lamedica, G, Penco, M M, Spandonari, and C, Jannuzzi

Subjects
Male, Kinetics, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Tuberculosis, Meningeal, Isoniazid, Humans, Infant, Female, Rifampin, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node, Child, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Abstract

Plasma levels of isoniazid (INH) have been monitored in fifteen children, aged 1 to 13 years, who were under chronic therapy with INH plus rifampin for tuberculosis. The pharmacokinetic parameters of children were not significantly different from those found in adults by other authors. It is necessary to check two plasma concentrations at the 3rd h. versus different doses (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of INH, in order to determine the optimal dose to be given. In subjects with external ventricular drainage, the concentrations of INH in cerebro-spinal fluid are lower than in plasma. The latter finding should be stressed for its importance in the therapy of tuberculous meningitis.

Published
1984

17. Slow Interatomic Coulombic Decay of Multiply Excited Neon Clusters

Author

D, Iablonskyi, K, Nagaya, H, Fukuzawa, K, Motomura, Y, Kumagai, S, Mondal, T, Tachibana, T, Takanashi, T, Nishiyama, K, Matsunami, P, Johnsson, P, Piseri, G, Sansone, A, Dubrouil, M, Reduzzi, P, Carpeggiani, C, Vozzi, M, Devetta, M, Negro, F, Calegari, A, Trabattoni, M C, Castrovilli, D, Faccialà, Y, Ovcharenko, T, Möller, M, Mudrich, F, Stienkemeier, M, Coreno, M, Alagia, B, Schütte, N, Berrah, A I, Kuleff, G, Jabbari, C, Callegari, O, Plekan, P, Finetti, C, Spezzani, E, Ferrari, E, Allaria, G, Penco, C, Serpico, G, De Ninno, I, Nikolov, B, Diviacco, S, Di Mitri, L, Giannessi, K C, Prince, and K, Ueda

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Relaxation (NMR), Intermolecular force, Interatomic coulombic decay, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Physics and Astronomy (all), Interatomic Coulombic decay, Neon, chemistry, neon clusters, Excited state, Picosecond, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Cluster (physics), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Ne clusters (∼5000 atoms) were resonantly excited (2p→3s) by intense free electron laser (FEL) radiation at FERMI. Such multiply excited clusters can decay nonradiatively via energy exchange between at least two neighboring excited atoms. Benefiting from the precise tunability and narrow bandwidth of seeded FEL radiation, specific sites of the Ne clusters were probed. We found that the relaxation of cluster surface atoms proceeds via a sequence of interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) processes while ICD of bulk atoms is additionally affected by the surrounding excited medium via inelastic electron scattering. For both cases, cluster excitations relax to atomic states prior to ICD, showing that this kind of ICD is rather slow (picosecond range). Controlling the average number of excitations per cluster via the FEL intensity allows a coarse tuning of the ICD rate.

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19. Highly coherent and stable pulses from the FERMI seeded free-electron laser in the extreme ultraviolet

Author

M. Predonzani, A. Fabris, R. Fabris, D. Zangrando, E. Karantzoulis, C. Serpico, M. Giannini, Daniele Cocco, Carlo Spezzani, Enrico Allaria, L. Rumiz, Paolo Delgiusto, Gerardo D'Auria, Marco Lonza, William M. Fawley, Paolo Sigalotti, Massimo Milloch, S. Bassanese, Federico Gelmetti, F. Rossi, Ivaylo Nikolov, S. Tazzari, Eugenio Ferrari, Alexander Demidovich, Marco Veronese, E. Busetto, Salvatore Noe, Stefano Cleva, C. Svetina, L. Badano, Sandra Biedron, R. De Monte, G. De Ninno, Stephen V. Milton, A. Vascotto, M. Dal Forno, S. Di Mitri, M. Trovo, M. Petronio, Paolo Cinquegrana, Alberto Lutman, Benoît Mahieu, R. Umer, William A. Barletta, M. Musardo, C. Scafuri, L. Froehlich, Miltcho B. Danailov, Ivan Cudin, D. Castronovo, Luca Giannessi, Marco Zangrando, Paolo Craievich, Giuseppe Penco, A. Salom, A. O. Borga, L. Pivetta, Mario Ferianis, P. Furlan, Simone Spampinati, R. Gobessi, Roberto Visintini, S. Ferry, R. Ivanov, M. Svandrlik, Fulvio Parmigiani, B. Diviacco, Roberto Appio, M. Zaccaria, Max Cornacchia, Giulio Gaio, E., Allaria, R., Appio, L., Badano, W. A., Barletta, S., Bassanese, S. G., Biedron, A., Borga, E., Busetto, D., Castronovo, P., Cinquegrana, S., Cleva, D., Cocco, M., Cornacchia, P., Craievich, I., Cudin, G., D'Auria, DAL FORNO, Massimo, M. B., Danailov, R., De Monte, G., De Ninno, P., Delgiusto, A., Demidovich, S., Di Mitri, B., Diviacco, A., Fabri, R., Fabri, W., Fawley, M., Feriani, Ferrari, Eugenio, S., Ferry, L., Froehlich, P., Furlan, G., Gaio, F., Gelmetti, L., Giannessi, M., Giannini, R., Gobessi, R., Ivanov, E., Karantzouli, M., Lonza, A., Lutman, B., Mahieu, M., Milloch, S. V., Milton, M., Musardo, I., Nikolov, Noe', Salvatore, Parmigiani, Fulvio, G., Penco, M., Petronio, L., Pivetta, M., Predonzani, F., Rossi, L., Rumiz, A., Salom, C., Scafuri, C., Serpico, P., Sigalotti, S., Spampinati, C., Spezzani, M., Svandrlik, C., Svetina, S., Tazzari, M., Trovo, R., Umer, A., Vascotto, M., Veronese, R., Visintini, M., Zaccaria, D., Zangrando, and M., Zangrando

Subjects
FEL, Physics, business.industry, Lasers, Free-electron laser, Polarization (waves), Laser, Free Electron Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Transverse plane, Optics, LEDs and light sources Ultrafast photonics X-rays, law, Extreme ultraviolet, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High harmonic generation, Atomic physics, business, Coherence (physics), Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

Free-electron lasers (FELs) are promising devices for generating light with laser-like properties in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions. Recently, FELs based on the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mechanism have allowed major breakthroughs in diffraction and spectroscopy applications, despite the relatively large shot-to-shot intensity and photon-energy fluctuations and the limited longitudinal coherence inherent in the SASE mechanism. Here, we report results on the initial performance of the FERMI seeded FEL, based on the high-gain harmonic generation configuration, in which an external laser is used to initiate the emission process. Emission from the FERMI FEL-1 source occurs in the form of pulses carrying energy of several tens of microjoules per pulse and tunable throughout the 65 to 20 nm wavelength range, with unprecedented shot-to-shot wavelength stability, low-intensity fluctuations, close to transform-limited bandwidth, transverse and longitudinal coherence and full control of polarization.

Published
2012
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20. High Energy RF Deflectors for the FERMI@Elettra project

Author

Dal Forno, M., Paolo Craievich, Biedron, S., Castronovo, D., Di Mitri, S., Faure, N., La Civita, D., Penco, G., Petronio, M., Pradal, M., Rumiz, L., Sturari, L., Vescovo, R., Wang, D., Zangrando, D., Zhimin Dai, Christine Petit-Jean-Genaz, DAL FORNO, Massimo, P., Craievich, S., Biedron, D., Castronovo, S., Di Mitri, N., Faure, D., La Civita, G., Penco, Petronio, Marco, F., Pradal, L., Rumiz, L., Sturari, D., Wang, Vescovo, Roberto, and D., Zangrando

Subjects
RF design, RF Deflector, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Measuring and controlling the longitudinal phase space and the time-slice emittance of the electron bunch entering at 1.2 GeV in the undulator beam-lines, are crucial to obtain high FEL performances. In the FERMI@Elettra machine, two RF deflecting cavities have been installed at the end of the linac, in order to stretch the electron bunch horizontally and vertically, respectively. The two cavities are individually powered by the same klystron and a switch system is used to choose the deflection plane. This paper reports the RF measurements carried out during the acceptance test and the RF conditioning including the breakdown rate measurements.

Published
2013

21. Two-stage seeded soft-X-ray free-electron laser

Author

Enrico Allaria, Paolo Sigalotti, C. Scafuri, Miltcho B. Danailov, Luca Giannessi, M. Svandrlik, S. Di Mitri, Gerardo D'Auria, Alexander Demidovich, Mario Ferianis, D. Castronovo, Marco Zangrando, Benoît Mahieu, Carlo Spezzani, L. Froehlich, David Gauthier, Paolo Cinquegrana, Fulvio Parmigiani, Giulio Gaio, W. M. Fawley, R. Ivanov, Simone Spampinati, Bruno Diviacco, G. De Ninno, Nicola Mahne, Giuseppe Penco, M. Trovo, C. Serpico, D. Zangrando, Paolo Craievich, Eugenio Ferrari, Marco Veronese, M. Dal Forno, Lorenzo Raimondi, Cristian Svetina, Ivaylo Nikolov, E., Allaria, D., Castronovo, P., Cinquegrana, P., Craievich, DAL FORNO, Massimo, M. B., Danailov, G., D'Auria, A., Demidovich, G., De Ninno, S., Di Mitri, B., Diviacco, W. M., Fawley, M., Feriani, Ferrari, Eugenio, L., Froehlich, G., Gaio, D., Gauthier, L., Giannessi, R., Ivanov, B., Mahieu, N., Mahne, I., Nikolov, Parmigiani, Fulvio, G., Penco, L., Raimondi, C., Scafuri, C., Serpico, P., Sigalotti, S., Spampinati, C., Spezzani, M., Svandrlik, C., Svetina, M., Trovo, M., Veronese, D., Zangrando, and M., Zangrando

Subjects
FEL, Soft x ray, Materials science, Two stage FEL, business.industry, XFEL, Free-electron laser, Physics::Optics, Laser, Seeded FEL, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, law, Femtosecond, Harmonic, Optoelectronics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Seeding, business, Jitter
Abstract

We report the first generation of coherent, tunable, variable-polarization, soft X-ray femtosecond pulses, generated by a seeded free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the fresh bunch, two-stage harmonic upshift configuration. Characterization of the radiation proves this FEL configuration can produce single-transverse-mode, narrow-spectral-bandwidth output pulses of several tens of microjoules energy and low pulse-to-pulse wavelength jitter at final wavelengths of 10.8 nm and below. The fresh bunch configuration enhances the FEL emission at high harmonic orders by avoiding a gain depression due to the energy spread induced by the first-stage FEL interaction. Coherent signals measured down to 4.3 nm suggest this configuration is directly scalable to photon energies that will enable scientific investigations below the carbon K-edge, including access to the L-edges of many magnetic materials, with an energy per pulse unlocking the gate for experiments in the soft X-ray region with close to Fourier-transform-limited pulses. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Published
2013
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22. Commissioning and Initial Operation of FERMI@Elettra

Author

Di Mitri, S., Allaria, E., Appio, R., Badano, L., Bassanese, S., Bencivenga, F., Borga, A., Bossi, M., Busetto, E., Callegari, C., Capotondi, F., Casarin, K., Castronovo, D., Cinquegrana, P., Cocco, D., Cornacchia, M., Craievich, P., Cucini, R., Cudin, I., DAL FORNO, Massimo, D’Amico, F., D’Auria, G., Danailov, M. B., Delgiusto, P., Demidovich, A., De Monte, R., De Ninno, G., Diviacco, B., Fabris, A., Fabris, R., Fawley, W., Ferianis, M., Ferrari, Eugenio, Ferry, S., Froehlich, L., Furlan Radivo, P., Karantzoulis, E., Kiskinova, M., Gaio, G., Gelmetti, F., Giannessi, L., Gobessi, R., Ivanov, R., Lonza, M., Lutman, A., Mahieu, B., Masciovecchio, C., Menk, R. H., Milloch, M., Musardo, M., Noe', Salvatore, Nikolov, I., Parmigiani, Fulvio, Pavlovic, L., Pedersoli, E., Penco, G., Petronio, M., Predonzani, M., Principi, E., Quai, E., Quondam, G., Rossi, F., Rumiz, L., Scafuri, C., Serpico, C., Sigalotti, P., Spampinati, S., Spezzani, C., Svandrlik, M., Svetina, C., Trovo’, M., Vascotto, A., Veronese, M., Visintini, R., Zaccaria, M., Zangrando, D., Zangrando, M., Wang, D., Alagia, M., Avaldi, L., Coreno, M., Feyer, V., Kivimaki, A., Bolognesi, P., de Simone, M., O’Keeffe, P., Devetta, M., Mazza, T., Piseri, P., Prince, K., Richter, R., Sergo, R., Stranges, S., Lyamayev, V., Ovcharenko, Y., Sjostrom, M., Biedron, S., Milton, S., IPAC'11/EPS-AG, S., Di Mitri, E., Allaria, R., Appio, L., Badano, S., Bassanese, F., Bencivenga, A., Borga, M., Bossi, E., Busetto, C., Callegari, F., Capotondi, K., Casarin, D., Castronovo, P., Cinquegrana, D., Cocco, M., Cornacchia, P., Craievich, R., Cucini, I., Cudin, DAL FORNO, Massimo, F., D’Amico, G., D’Auria, M. B., Danailov, P., Delgiusto, A., Demidovich, R., De Monte, G., De Ninno, B., Diviacco, A., Fabri, R., Fabri, W., Fawley, M., Feriani, Ferrari, Eugenio, S., Ferry, L., Froehlich, P., Furlan Radivo, E., Karantzouli, M., Kiskinova, G., Gaio, F., Gelmetti, L., Giannessi, R., Gobessi, R., Ivanov, M., Lonza, A., Lutman, B., Mahieu, C., Masciovecchio, R. H., Menk, M., Milloch, M., Musardo, Noe', Salvatore, I., Nikolov, Parmigiani, Fulvio, L., Pavlovic, E., Pedersoli, G., Penco, M., Petronio, M., Predonzani, E., Principi, E., Quai, G., Quondam, F., Rossi, L., Rumiz, C., Scafuri, C., Serpico, P., Sigalotti, S., Spampinati, C., Spezzani, M., Svandrlik, C., Svetina, M., Trovo’, A., Vascotto, M., Veronese, R., Visintini, M., Zaccaria, D., Zangrando, M., Zangrando, D., Wang, M., Alagia, L., Avaldi, M., Coreno, V., Feyer, A., Kivimaki, P., Bolognesi, M., de Simone, P., O’Keeffe, M., Devetta, T., Mazza, P., Piseri, K., Prince, R., Richter, R., Sergo, S., Strange, V., Lyamayev, Y., Ovcharenko, M., Sjostrom, S., Biedron, and S., Milton

Subjects
FEL, particle accelerator, free-electron-laser
Abstract

This article describes the design goals of FERMI@Elettra, reports on the goals achieved so far and shows how the facility development has been driven by the new research frontier of ultra-fast, extreme ultra-violet and soft X-ray science. The commissioning phases and first experience with user pilot experiments are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2011 by IPAC'11/EPS-AG.

Published
2011

23. Status of the FERMI@Elettra project

Author

Svandrlik, M., Allaria, E., Busetto, E., Callegari, C., Cocco, D., Craievich, P., Cudin, I., Miltcho Danailov, D Auria, G., Di Mitri, S., Diviacco, B., Fabris, A., Fabris, R., Ferianis, M., Gobessi, R., Karantzoulis, E., Kiskinova, M., Lonza, M., Masciovecchio, C., Noè, S., Parmigiani, F., Penco, G., Trovò, M., Vascotto, A., Visintini, R., Zaccaria, M., Zangrando, D., Zangrando, M., FEL2011, M., Svandrlik, E., Allaria, E., Busetto, C., Callegari, D., Cocco, P., Craievich, I., Cudin, M., Danailov, G., D'Auria, S. D., Mitri, B., Diviacco, A., Fabri, R., Fabri, M., Feriani, R., Gobessi, E., Karantzouli, M., Kiskinova, M., Lonza, C., Masciovecchio, Noe', Salvatore, Parmigiani, Fulvio, G., Penco, M., Trovò, A., Vascotto, R., Visintini, M., Zaccaria, D., Zangrando, and M., Zangrando

Subjects
FEL experiments
Abstract

FERMI@Elettra, located next to the third-generation synchrotron light source Elettra in Trieste, Italy, is a seeded FEL user-facility covering the wavelength range from 100 nm (12 eV) to 4 nm (310 eV) [1]. The facility uses normal conducting linac and the wavelength range is covered with two lines, FEL-1 and FEL-2. Three beamlines will transport the FEL photons to the experimental stations, using proper tailoring optics and beam diagnostics to meet the research requirements. Beneficial occupancy of the new undulator and experimental hall was given at the end of summer 2010 when all auxiliary systems were also made available. The installation of the machine is now almost completed; commissioning of the linac has started in parallel to the installation activities and the commissioning of FEL-1 is in a well-advanced state. The first seeded lasing from FEL-1 was observed in December 2010 and the first experiments are starting in 2011. This paper gives an overview of the facility, as well as the general status of installation and commissioning, and a perspective into future developments and user programs.

Published
2011

24. Design and field measurements of a linear accelerator endowed with single feed with movable short coupler

Author

Dal Forno, M., Craievich, P., Giuseppe Penco, Vescovo, R., Zhimin Dai, Christine Petit-Jean-Genaz, DAL FORNO, Massimo, P., Craievich, G., Penco, and Vescovo, Roberto

Subjects
RF design, Linac, Coupler, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Field asymmetries in the rf coupler of accelerating structures degrade the projected beam transverse emittance, especially at low energy. This paper presents an alternative single feed coupler design that reduces the dipolar and the quadrupolar field components by exploiting a movable short circuit placed on the opposite waveguide. The structure has been simulated and optimized with the Ansys HFSS simulation code. RF measurements on an aluminum prototype machined in the "Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.", are here presented. Such results are in good agreement with the simulations.

25. Fermi seeded FEL progress report

Author

Svandrlik, M., Allaria, E., Bencivenga, F., Callegari, C., Capotondi, F., Castronovo, D., Cinquegrana, P., Cudin, I., Dal Forno, M., Danailov, M. B., D Auria, G., Monte, R., Ninno, G., Demidovich, A., Di Mitri, S., Diviacco, B., Fabris, A., Fabris, R., Fawley, W. M., Ferianis, M., Ferrari, E., Finetti, P., Froehlich, L., Radivo, P. F., Gaio, G., Luca Giannessi, Kiskinova, M., Loda, G., Lonza, M., Mahne, N., Masciovecchio, C., Parmigiani, F., Penco, G., Plekan, O., Predonzani, M., Principi, E., Raimondi, L., Rossi, F., Rumiz, L., Scafuri, C., Serpico, C., Sigalotti, P., Spampinati, S., Spezzani, C., Sturari, L., Svetina, C., Trovo, M., Vascotto, A., Veronese, M., Visintini, R., Zangrando, D., Zangrando, M., Mahieu, B., Craievich, P., IPAC 2013, M., Svandrlik, E., Allaria, F., Bencivenga, C., Callegari, F., Capotondi, D., Castronovo, P., Cinquegrana, P., Craievich, I., Cudin, G., D'Auria, DAL FORNO, Massimo, M. B., Danailov, R., De Monte, G., De Ninno, A. A., Demidovich, S., Di Mitri, B., Diviacco, A., Fabri, R., Fabri, W. M., Fawley, M., Feriani, Ferrari, Eugenio, P., Finetti, L., Fröhlich, P., Furlan Radivo, G., Gaio, L., Giannessi, M., Kiskinova, G. L., Loda, M., Lonza, B., Mahieu, N., Mahne, C., Masciovecchio, Parmigiani, Fulvio, G., Penco, O., Plekan, M., Predonzani, E., Principi, L., Raimondi, F., Rossi, L., Rumiz, C., Scafuri, C., Serpico, P., Sigalotti, S., Spampinati, C., Spezzani, L., Sturari, C., Svetina, M., Trovò, A., Vascotto, M., Veronese, R., Visintini, D., Zangrando, and M., Zangrando

Subjects
FEL
Abstract

FERMI, the seeded Free Electron Laser (FEL) located at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, Italy, welcomed in December 2012 the first external users on the FEL-1 line. This line is based on a single stage of High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG), seeded by a UV laser, and covers wavelengths between 80 and 20 nm. The photon energy reached more than 300 J. The second FEL line, FEL-2, covering the lower wavelength range between 20 and 4 nm thanks to a double stage cascaded HGHG scheme, has generated its first coherent photons in October 2012. The latter is the first experimental demonstration of a seeded free electron laser configured as a two-stage cascade operating in the "fresh bunch injection” mode, where the second stage is seeded by the light produced by the first stage. This paper describes the status of the operation and user experiments with FEL-1 and reports about the progress in the commissioning of FEL-2.

26. Status of the fermi@elettra project

Author

Svandrlik, M., Allaria, E., Badano, L., Bassanese, S., Bencivenga, F., Busetto, E., Callegari, C., Capotondi, F., Castronovo, D., Coreno, M., Craievich, P., Cudin, I., Dal Forno, M., Danailov, M. B., D Auria, G., Monte, R., Demidovich, A., Ninno, G., Di Fraia, M., Di Mitri, S., Diviacco, B., Fabris, A., Fabris, R., Fawley, W. M., Ferianis, M., Ferrari, E., Fröhlich, L., Furlan Radivo, P., Gaio, G., Gobessi, R., Grazioli, C., Karantzoulis, E., Kiskinova, M., Lonza, M., Mahieu, B., Masciovecchio, C., Noè, S., Parmigiani, F., Penco, G., Principi, E., Rossi, F., Rumiz, L., Scafuri, C., Spampinati, S., Spezzani, C., Svetina, C., Trovò, M., Vascotto, A., Veronese, M., Visintini, R., Zaccaria, M., Zangrando, D., Zangrando, M., Luca Giannessi, IPAC2012, M., Svandrlik, E., Allaria, L., Badano, S., Bassanese, F., Bencivenga, E., Busetto, C., Callegari, F., Capotondi, D., Castronovo, M., Coreno, P., Craievich, I., Cudin, DAL FORNO, Massimo, M. B., Danailov, G., D'Auria, R., De Monte, A., Demidovich, G., De Ninno, DI FRAIA, Michele, S., Di Mitri, B., Diviacco, A., Fabri, R., Fabri, W. M., Fawley, M., Feriani, Ferrari, Eugenio, L., Fröhlich, P., Furlan Radivo, G., Gaio, R., Gobessi, Grazioli, Cesare, E., Karantzouli, M., Kiskinova, M., Lonza, B., Mahieu, C., Masciovecchio, Noe', Salvatore, Parmigiani, Fulvio, G., Penco, E., Principi, F., Rossi, L., Rumiz, C., Scafuri, S., Spampinati, C., Spezzani, C., Svetina, M., Trovò, A., Vascotto, M., Veronese, R., Visintini, M., Zaccaria, D., Zangrando, M., Zangrando, and L., Giannessi

Subjects
FEL

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