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1. Lower atmosphere and pressure evolution on Pluto from ground-based stellar occultations, 1988–2016

Author

Jean Lecacheux, Michaël Gillon, Jean Manfroid, Josselin Desmars, Robert R. Howell, T. R. Marsh, G. Benedetti-Rossi, J. G. Greenhill, A. Dias-Oliveira, Ilan Manulis, G. Wortmann, K. M. Ivarsen, J.-E. Communal, S. Renner, F. Vachier, L. Tzouganatos, M. Irzyk, P. Machado, M. Harnisch, Lawrence H. Wasserman, J. Broughton, V. Lorenzi, W. H. Allen, W. Beisker, G. Murawsky, A. Magazzu, David Polishook, J. Marques Oliveira, A. R. Gomes-Junior, M. Conti, J. P. Godard, M. Lavayssière, G. Krannich, Lawrence A. Molnar, Federica B. Bianco, S. de Visscher, Leslie A. Young, Maxime Devogele, Marcelo Assafin, Alessandro Marchini, B. Kattentidt, P. Barroy, G. Dangl, A. Eberle, J. B. Haislip, K. M. Hill, Nora Morales, Andrew A. Cole, P. Enskonatus, B. Loader, Emilio Molinari, V. S. Dhillon, O. Klös, M. Ait Moulay Larbi, Bruno Sicardy, Tanguy Bertrand, Richard Querel, K. Walzel, Diane Berard, P. Lindner, J. P. Rivet, Y. Moulane, L. Di Fabrizio, Rene Duffard, D. Vérilhac, G. McKay, Raoul Behrend, Emmanuel Jehin, Fabio Salvaggio, Greg Bolt, Ricardo Gil-Hutton, J. Milner, Martin Jelínek, J. Sérot, D. Vernet, Kosmas Gazeas, F. Signoret, K. L. Bath, A. C. Gilmore, E. Lellouch, D. Herald, A. Selva, D. Lanoiselée, M. Boutet, Ph. Bendjoya, Shai Kaspi, E. Meza, John Talbot, S. P. Littlefair, Alain Maury, Roberto Vieira-Martins, Marc W. Buie, F. Jabet, S. Kerr, A. Román, Thomas Widemann, C. Opitom, R. Zanmar Sanchez, P. B. Graham, E. Frappa, Catherine B. Olkin, H.-J. Bode, H. Eichler, J. De Queiroz, K. Lindner, A. P. LaCluyze, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, D. Gault, Alain Doressoundiram, François Forget, Riccardo Papini, T. Dobosz, B. E. Morgado, J. Rovira, B. Lade, Daniel E. Reichart, O. Faragó, R. Jansen, Luigi Mancini, A. Noschese, Noah Brosch, Felipe Braga-Ribas, A. Daassou, H. Pavlov, A. Carbognani, S. Todd, F. Colas, Y. El Azhari, C. Peterson, V. Tsamis, M. Bretton, J. Hattenbach, F. Ciabattari, Rodrigo Leiva, C. Veillet, A. J. Castro Tirado, Joe Pollock, R. Naves, Pablo Santos-Sanz, D. Hampf, D. Neel, J. L. Ortiz, S. Alonso, L. Abe, P. M. Kilmartin, Julio Camargo, J. M. Ohlert, D. Gloistein, K. Tigani, F. Marchis, M. Dohrmann, Richard G. French, Ronan Cunniffe, T. Janik, Tamás Tordai, E. F. Young, S. Parker, G. Bonnoli, A. Pennell, M. Kretlow, P. Sogorb, Z. Moravec, W. Rothe, C. Perelló, K. Guhl, A. B. Giles, B. Gährken, Françoise Roques, Valentin D. Ivanov, Giuseppe Leto, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatório do Valongo/UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Observatorio Nacional [Rio de Janeiro], Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Observatório Nacional/MCT, Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), UZEI PRAGUE CZE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), European Southern Observatory [Santiago] (ESO), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute (STAR), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Boone], Appalachian State University, University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Kuriwa Observatory, Astronomical Association of Queensland (AAQ), Euraster, Observatoire de Dax, Cardiff School of European Studies (CSES), Cardiff University, Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundació Privada Observatori Esteve Duran, The Wise Observatory and The Raymond & Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Wise Observatory and Department of geophysics and planetary sciences, Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Stockport Observatory, Occultation Section [Wellington], Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand, Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Institut Pascal (IP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Astronomical Union of Sparta [Sparta], Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée - UR UPJV 2081 (LPMC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), PEIRENE (PEIRENE), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Obervatoire des Baronnies Provençales (OBP), Observatorio Montcabre, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, ARG, AUS, AUT, BEL, BRA, CHL, GRC, ISR, MAR, NZL, POL, PRT, CZE, CHE, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Universidad Nacional de San Juan [Argentine] (UNSJ), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Research Council, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil)

Subjects
planets and satellites: physical evolution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Orbital eccentricity, Context (language use), Surface pressure, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, planets and satellites: terrestrial planets, Atmosphere, techniques: photometric, Altitude, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, methods: observational, methods: data analysis, planets and satellites: atmospheres, observational [Methods], data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, physical evolution [Planets and satellites], Optical depth, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, methods: observational, methods: data analysis, planets and satellites: atmospheres, techniques: photometric, planets and satellites: physical evolution, planets and satellites: terrestrial planets, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, photometric [Techniques], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Albedo, Pluto, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, terrestrial planets [Planets and satellites], atmospheres [Planets and satellites], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Geology, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

This article is dedicated to the memory of H.-J. Bode, J. G. Greenhill and O. Faragó for their long-standing support and participation to occultation campaigns. The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community’s H2020 2014-2020 ERC Grant Agreement n° 669416 “Lucky Star”. E.M. thanks support from Concytec-Fondecyt-PE and GA, FC-UNI for providing support during the 2012 July 18 occultation. B.S. thanks S. Para for partly supporting this research though a donation, J. P. Beaulieu for helping us accessing to the Hobart Observatory facilities and B. Warner, B. L. Gary, C. Erickson, H. Reitsema, L. Albert, P. J. Merritt, T. Hall, W. J. Romanishin, Y. J. Choi for providing data during the 2007 March 18 occultation. M.A. thanks CNPq (Grants 427700/2018-3, 310683/2017-3 and 473002/2013-2) and FAPERJ (Grant E-26/111.488/2013). J.L.O. thanks support from grant AYA2017-89637-R. P.S.S. acknowledges financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no 687378, as part of the project “Small Bodies Near and Far” (SBNAF). J.L.O., R.D., P.S.S. and N.M. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). F.B.R. acknowledges CNPq support process 309578/2017-5. G.B.R. thanks support from the grant CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ (E26/203.173/2016). J.I.B.C. acknowledges CNPq grant 308150/2016-3. R.V.M. thanks the grants: CNPq-304544/2017-5, 401903/2016-8, and Faperj: PAPDRJ-45/2013 and E-26/203.026/2015. B.M. thanks the CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05 grant and CAPES/Brazil – Finance Code 001. B.M. and A.R.G.J. were financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liège, in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech (Morocco). TRAPPIST-South is a project funded by the Belgian Fonds (National) de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F, with the participation of the Swiss National Science Foundation (FNS/SNSF). VSD, SPL, TRM and ULTRACAM are all supported by the STFC. K.G. acknowledges help from the team of Archenhold-Observatory, Berlin, and A.R. thanks G. Román (Granada) for help during the observation of the 2016 July 19 occultation. A.J.C.T. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry Project AYA2015-71718-R (including EU funds). We thank Caisey Harlingten for the repeated use of his 50 cm telescopes in San Pedro de Atacama, Chile. We thank the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundación Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. L.M. acknowledges support from the Italian Minister of Instruction, University and Research (MIUR) through FFABR 2017 fund and support from the University of Rome Tor Vergata through “Mission: Sustainability 2016” fund. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clément Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Governmentof the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the “Unité des Communes valdôtaines Mont-Émilius”. The research was partially funded by a 2016 “Research and Education”s grant from Fondazione CRT. We thank D.P. Hinson for his constructive and detailed comments that helped to improve this article., Context. The tenuous nitrogen (N2) atmosphere on Pluto undergoes strong seasonal effects due to high obliquity and orbital eccentricity, and has recently (July 2015) been observed by the New Horizons spacecraft. Aims. The main goals of this study are (i) to construct a well calibrated record of the seasonal evolution of surface pressure on Pluto and (ii) to constrain the structure of the lower atmosphere using a central flash observed in 2015. Methods. Eleven stellar occultations by Pluto observed between 2002 and 2016 are used to retrieve atmospheric profiles (density, pressure, temperature) between altitude levels of ~5 and ~380 km (i.e. pressures from ~ 10 μbar to 10 nbar). Results. (i) Pressure has suffered a monotonic increase from 1988 to 2016, that is compared to a seasonal volatile transport model, from which tight constraints on a combination of albedo and emissivity of N2 ice are derived. (ii) A central flash observed on 2015 June 29 is consistent with New Horizons REX profiles, provided that (a) large diurnal temperature variations (not expected by current models) occur over Sputnik Planitia; and/or (b) hazes with tangential optical depth of ~0.3 are present at 4–7 km altitude levels; and/or (c) the nominal REX density values are overestimated by an implausibly large factor of ~20%; and/or (d) higher terrains block part of the flash in the Charon facing hemisphere., European Research Council under the European Community’s H2020 2014-2020 ERC Grant Agreement n° 669416 “Lucky Star”, Grants 427700/2018-3, 310683/2017-3 and 473002/2013-2) and FAPERJ (Grant E-26/111.488/2013), Grant AYA2017-89637-R. P.S.S. acknowledges financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no 687378, as part of the project “Small Bodies Near and Far” (SBNAF), Financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709), Support process 309578/2017-5. G.B.R. thanks support from the grant CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ (E26/203.173/2016). J.I.B.C. acknowledges CNPq grant 308150/2016-3. R.V.M. thanks the grants: CNPq-304544/2017-5, 401903/2016-8, and Faperj: PAPDRJ-45/2013 and E-26/203.026/2015. B.M. thanks the CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05 grant and CAPES/Brazil – Finance Code 001., Grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F, with the participation of the Swiss National Science Foundation (FNS/SNSF), Support from the Spanish Ministry Project AYA2015-71718-R (including EU funds), Support from the Italian Minister of Instruction, University and Research (MIUR) through FFABR 2017 fund and support from the University of Rome Tor Vergata through “Mission: Sustainability 2016” fund

Published
2019

2. The PHEMU09 catalogue and astrometric results of the observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter made in 2009

Author

M. I. Varfolomeev, Nello Ruocco, J. Prost, J. Garlitz, Brian Loader, A. Amossé, J. Mcfarland, C. Druon, Christian Napoli, J. Grismore, A. Sonka, M. Unwin, D. N. da Silva Neto, C. Lopresti, Alexios Liakos, J. Rovira, S. Degenhardt, G. Estraviz, S. Combe, A. Douvris, R. Vieira-Martins, G. Dourneau, J. F. Le Campion, A. Dias-Oliveira, Marcelo Assafin, E. Tontodonati, F. Bragas-Ribas, N. I. Koshkin, Zheng-Hong Tang, Shaolin Li, H. Pavlov, Benoît Noyelles, Andrea Marchini, T. Pauwels, L. Shakun, G. Sbarufatti, F. Colas, Brad Timerson, R. Maulella, J. Vilar, S. Yu. Gorda, M. Ishida, M. Delcroix, K. Miyashita, M. Constantinescu, D. F. Guo, Gennaro Marino, V. Priban, C. K. Ellington, R. Venable, K. Tigani, Gianluca Masi, C. Perelló, D. Gault, E. Lo Savio, Shilong Liao, V. G. Tejfel, M. Ida, A. Collard, R. Zambelli, F. Casarramona, T. George, J. P. Rousselle, P. Farissier, Fabio Salvaggio, L. Barbieri, C. Arena, S. Bolzoni, A. Scheck, G. Dangl, D. Herald, John Talbot, B. Klemt, Jean-Eudes Arlot, William Thuillot, Q. Y. Peng, Ricard Casas, R. Ruisi, P. De Cat, N. V. Sinyaeva, V. Tsamis, A. V. Ivanov, P. Vingerhoets, C. Sciuto, H. Watanabe, H. X. Yin, A. Farmakopoulos, Yong Yu, Apostolos A. Christou, Julio Camargo, A. Sofia, S. Razemon, N. V. Emelyanov, A. Massalle, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sternberg Astronomical Institute [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Association Jonckheere-Les Amis de l’Observatoire de Lille [Lille] (AJAOL), Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi [Catania] (GAC), Observatório do Valongo/UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Associazione Astrofili Bolognesi [Bologna] (AAB), Observatorio Nacional [Rio de Janeiro], Agrupació Astronómica de Sabadell [Sabadell], Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Armagh Observatory [Armagh], Club d'Astronomie Lyon Ampéré [Vaulx-en-Velin] (CALA), Observatorul Astronomic 'Amiral Vasile Urseanu' [Bucharest], Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), M2A 2014, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Astronomical Union of Sparta [Sparta], Ural Federal University [Ekaterinburg] (UrFU), Shandong University at Weihai [Weihai], The Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences [Pulkovo], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Astronomical observatory of Odessa National University [Odessa], Odessa National I.I.Mechnikov University, Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics [Kapodistrian Univ], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Shanghai Astronomical Observatory [Shanghai] (SHAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Istituto Spezzino Ricerche Astronomiche [La Spezia] (IRAS), Astronomical Observatory [Siena], Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Namur Center for Complex Systems [Namur] (NaXys), Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Jinan University [Guangzhou], Observatory and Planetarium Praha [Prague], Organizzazione Ricerche e Studi di Astronomia [Palermo], Gruppo Astrofili di Piacenza [Piacenza], Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste [Rio de Janeiro] (UEZO), Fessenkov Astrophysical Institute [Almaty], Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand [Waikanae], Associazione Iblea Divulgazione Astronomica [Ragusa], Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides ( IMCCE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lomonosov Moscow State University ( MSU ), Association Jonckheere-Les Amis de l’Observatoire de Lille [Lille] ( AJAOL ), Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi [Catania] ( GAC ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] ( UFRJ ), Associazione Astrofili Bolognesi [Bologna] ( AAB ), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] ( ICE-CSIC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Club d'Astronomie Lyon Ampéré [Vaulx-en-Velin] ( CALA ), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux ( L3AB ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] ( LAB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), Ural Federal University [Ekaterinburg] ( UrFU ), Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences [Pulkovo], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Astronomical observatory of Odessa State University [Odessa], Odessa State University [Odessa], Department of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Mechanics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory [Shanghai] ( SHAO ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Istituto Spezzino Ricerche Astronomiche [La Spezia] ( IRAS ), Università di siena 1240 [Siena], Namur Center for Complex Systems [Namur] ( NaXys ), Université de Namur [Namur], Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste [Rio de Janeiro] ( UEZO ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Context (language use), Astrophysics, Equinox, Large databases, Signal Analysis, computer aided modeling, astronomical databases: miscellaneous, Ephemeris, 01 natural sciences, eclipses, Jupiter, EPHEMERIDES, symbols.namesake, ASTRONOMICAL SATELLITES, Astronomical databases: miscellaneous, Eclipses, Ephemerides, Occultations, Planets and satellites: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, occultations, MISCELLANEOUS [ASTRONOMICAL DATABASES], GENERAL [PLANETS AND SATELLITES], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, PHOTOMETRY, ephemerides, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, planets and satellites: general, ECLIPSES, Galilean moons, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, OCCULTATIONS, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, ORBITS, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], SATELLITES
Abstract

Context. In 2009, the Sun and the Earth passed through the equatorial plane of Jupiter and therefore the orbital planes of its main satellites. It was the equinox on Jupiter. This occurrence made mutual occultations and eclipses between the satellites possible. Experience has shown that the observations of such events provide accurate astrometric data able to bring new information on the dynamics of the Galilean satellites. Observations are made under the form of photometric measurements, but need to be made through the organization of a worldwide observation campaign maximizing the number and the quality of the data obtained. Aims. This work focuses on processing the complete database of photometric observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter made during the international campaign in 2009. The final goal is to derive new accurate astrometric data. Methods. We used an accurate photometric model of mutual events adequate with the accuracy of the observation. Our original method was applied to derive astrometric data from photometric observations of mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter. Results. We processed the 457 lightcurves obtained during the international campaign of photometric observations of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter in 2009. Compared with the theory, for successful observations, the r.m.s. of O-C residuals are equal to 45.8 mas and 81.1 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively; the mean O-C residuals are equal to -2 mas and -9 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively, for mutual occultations; and -6 mas and +1 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively, for mutual eclipses. © ESO, 2014. Arlot J.-E. 1 Emelyanov N. 2 1 Varfolomeev M. I. 2 Amossé A. 3 Arena C. 4 Assafin M. 40 Barbieri L. 5 Bolzoni S. 6 Bragas-Ribas F. 54 Camargo J. I. B. 54 Casarramona F. 8 Casas R. 37 Christou A. 9 Colas F. 1 Collard A. 3 Combe S. 10 Constantinescu M. 11 Dangl G. 12 De Cat P. 34 Degenhardt S. 13 Delcroix M. 14 Dias-Oliveira A. 54 Dourneau G. 15 57 Douvris A. 16 Druon C. 3 Ellington C. K. 17 Estraviz G. 8 Farissier P. 10 Farmakopoulos A. 16 Garlitz J. 18 Gault D. 19 George T. 20 Gorda S. Yu. 42 Grismore J. 21 Guo D. F. 22 Herald D. 56 Ida M. 23 Ishida M. 23 Ivanov A. V. 24 Klemt B. 7 Koshkin N. 25 Le Campion J. F. 15 57 Liakos A. 26 Liao S. L. 27 Li S. N. 27 Loader B. 28 Lopresti C. 29 Lo Savio E. 4 Marchini A. 30 Marino G. 4 Masi G. 53 Massallé A. 8 Maulella R. 29 McFarland J. 9 Miyashita K. 32 Napoli C. 4 Noyelles B. 33 1 3 Pauwels T. 34 Pavlov H. 35 Peng Q. Y. 36 Perelló C. 8 Priban V. 38 Prost J. 39 Razemon S. 3 Rousselle J. P. 3 ⋆ Rovira J. 8 Ruisi R. 41 Ruocco N. 31 Salvaggio F. 4 Sbarufatti G. 43 Shakun L. 25 Scheck A. 44 Sciuto C. 4 da Silva Neto D. N. 55 V Sinyaeva N. 45 Sofia A. 4 Sonka A. 11 Talbot J. 46 Tang Z. H. 27 Tejfel V. G. 45 Thuillot W. 1 Tigani K. 16 Timerson B. 47 Tontodonati E. 48 Tsamis V. 16 Unwin M. 49 Venable R. 50 Vieira-Martins R. 54 1 40 Vilar J. 51 Vingerhoets P. 34 Watanabe H. 52 Yin H. X. 22 Yu Y. 27 Zambelli R. 29 1 Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides-Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8028 CNRS, UPMC, USTL , 77 avenue Denfert-Rochereau , 75014 Paris , France 2 Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119991 Moscow , Russia 3 Association Jonckheere-Les Amis de l’Observatoire de Lille, 1 Impasse de l’Observatoire , 59000 Lille , France 4 Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi , 95128 Catania , Italy 5 Associazione Astrofili Bolognesi , 95128 Bologna , Italy 6 viale L.Pirandello, 26 , 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA) , Italy 7 Im Erlenhof 2a , 51429 Bergisch Gladbach , Germany 8 Agrupació Astronómica de Sabadell, Carrer Prat de la Riba, s/n, 08206 Sabadell , Catalonia , Spain 9 Armagh Observatory , College Hill , Armagh BT61 9DG , UK 10 CALA, Place de la nation , 69120 Vaulx-en-Velin , France 11 Observatorul Astronomic Amiral Vasile Urseanu , no.21, Lascar Catargiu Boulevard , 71111 Bucharest , Romania 12 Nonndorf 12 , 3830 , Austria 13 2112 Maple Leaf Trail , Columbia , TN , 38401 , USA 14 2 rue de l’Ardèche , 31170 Tournefeuille , France 15 Univ. Bordeaux, LAB, UMR 5804 , 33270 Floirac , France 16 Astronomical Union of Sparta , 23100 Sparta , Greece 17 Plantation, FL , USA 18 1155 Hartford St Elgin , Oregon 97827 , USA 19 22 Booker Road , Hawkesbury Heights NSW 2777 , Australia 20 136 Rio Senda , Umatilla , Oregon 97882 , USA 21 Bartlesville , Oklahoma , USA 22 Shandong University at Weihai , 264209 Weihai , PR China 23 1-4-17, Okino, Higashi-Ohmi , 527-0034 Shiga , Japan 24 Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg , Pulkovo , Russia 25 Astronomical observatory of Odessa University , Marazlievskaya st. 1-B , Odessa , Ukraine 26 Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, University of Athens , 15784 Zografos , Athens , Greece 27 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 200030 Shanghai , PR China 28 14 Craigieburn Street , 7510 Darfield , New Zealand 29 Istituto Spezzino Ricerche Astronomiche , 19125 La Spezia , Italy 30 Astronomical Observatory University of Siena , 53100 Siena , Italy 31 Astrocampania , 80063 Piano di Sorrento , Italy 32 4368-1, Akashina-Nanaki, Azumino, 399-7104 Nagano , Japan 33 University of Namur , NAmur Center for CompleX SYStems (naXys), Rempart de la Vierge 8 , 5000 Namur , Belgium 34 Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van België, Ringlaan 3 , 1180 Brussels , Belgium 35 45/192 Vimiera Rd , Marsfield , NSW 2122 , Australia 36 Department of computer Science, Jinan University , 510632 Guangzhou , PR China 37 Institut de Ciéncies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciéncies , Torre C5 parell 2n pis, 08193 Bellaterra , Catalonia , Spain 38 Observatory and Planetarium Praha , Kralovska obora 233 170 21 Praha 7 , Czech Republic 39 26 impasse des Forsythias , 06560 Valbonne , France 40 Observatório do Valongo/UFRJ , Ladeira Pedro Antonio 43, RJ 23. 070-200 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil 41 Organizzazione Ricerche e Studi di Astronomia , Palermo , Italy 42 Kourovskaya observatory of the Ural Federal University , Prospect Lenina 51 , 620000 Ecaterinbourg , Russia 43 Gruppo Astrofili di Piacenza , Italy 44 Scaggsville , Maryland , USA 45 Fessenkov Astrophysical Institute , Alma-Ata , Kazakhstan 46 RASNZ Occultation Section, 3 Hughes Street , Waikanae Beach , New Zealand 47 Newark , New York , USA 48 Associazione Iblea Divulgazione Astronomica , 497100 Ragusa , Italy 49 9 Payling Lane, 8052 Christchurch , Christchurch , New Zealand 50 PO Box 117 , Chester , GA 31012 , USA 51 8 rue des Ormes , 67450 Mundolsheim , France 52 281, Kasadashinden, Inabe , Mie , 511-0205 , Japan 53 Virtual Telescope Project , Via Madonna de Loco 47 , 03023 Ceccano (FR) , Italy 54 Observatorio Nacional/MCTI , R. General Jose Cristino 77, RJ 20. 921-400 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil 55 Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste , Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga 1203, RJ 23. 070-200 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil 56 3 Lupin Pl , Murrumbateman , NSW 2582 , Australia 57 CNRS, LAB, UMR 5804 , 33270 Floirac , France ⋆ J. P. Rousselle died in 2009. e-mail: Jean-Eudes.Arlot@imcce.fr 09 12 2014 09 12 2014 12 2014 572 aa/2014/12 A120 20 3 2014 15 5 2014 © ESO, 2014 2014 ESO Context. In 2009, the Sun and the Earth passed through the equatorial plane of Jupiter and therefore the orbital planes of its main satellites. It was the equinox on Jupiter. This occurrence made mutual occultations and eclipses between the satellites possible. Experience has shown that the observations of such events provide accurate astrometric data able to bring new information on the dynamics of the Galilean satellites. Observations are made under the form of photometric measurements, but need to be made through the organization of a worldwide observation campaign maximizing the number and the quality of the data obtained. Aims. This work focuses on processing the complete database of photometric observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter made during the international campaign in 2009. The final goal is to derive new accurate astrometric data. Methods. We used an accurate photometric model of mutual events adequate with the accuracy of the observation. Our original method was applied to derive astrometric data from photometric observations of mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter. Results. We processed the 457 lightcurves obtained during the international campaign of photometric observations of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter in 2009. Compared with the theory, for successful observations, the r.m.s. of O–C residuals are equal to 45.8 mas and 81.1 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively; the mean O–C residuals are equal to –2 mas and –9 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively, for mutual occultations; and –6 mas and +1 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively, for mutual eclipses. astronomical databases: miscellaneous planets and satellites: general occultations eclipses ephemerides idline A&A 572, A120 (2014) cover_date December 2014 first_month 12 last_month 12 first_year 2014 last_year 2014 This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 12-02-00294), by The European contract ESPaCE (FP7-grant agreement 263466), by the Scientific Council of Paris Observatory, by the CNRS PICS 3840 France-Russia, by the Programme National de Planétologie (CNES and CNRS) and by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No 11273014) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Published
2014

3. Study of the Plutino Object (208996) 2003 AZ 84 from Stellar Occultations: Size, Shape, and Topographic Features

Author

A. Klotz, Julio Camargo, T. Hayamizu, Shashikiran Ganesh, Noah Brosch, Felipe Braga-Ribas, Avishay Gal-Yam, Paolo Tanga, J. L. Ortiz, J. Bradshaw, S. Andersson, G. Dangl, H. Tomioka, Rodrigo Leiva, Marcelo Assafin, A. Sharma, Andrea Richichi, Emmanuel Jehin, S. Sposetti, Tapas Baug, Frédéric Vachier, Zhao Ergang, T. Chandrasekhar, Zhu Liying, H. Yamamura, Shai Kaspi, Hayato Watanabe, Puji Irawati, E. Frappa, R. Naves, Eran O. Ofek, Thomas Widemann, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Nora Morales, C. Rinner, Qian Shengbang, Alain Maury, Pablo Santos-Sanz, Ilan Manulis, Rene Duffard, Yasukazu Ikari, S. Kerr, A. Dias-Oliveira, Raoul Behrend, Jean Manfroid, Vishnu Mohan, J. Jain, Audrey Thirouin, G. Wortmann, A. Daassou, A. R. Gomes-Junior, Michaël Gillon, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Jean Lecacheux, G. Benedetti-Rossi, P. Mahasena, M. Owada, Josselin Desmars, Roberto Vieira-Martins, A. Asai, R. Garcia-Lozano, Bruno Sicardy, T. Haymes, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio Nacional [Rio de Janeiro], Observatório Nacional/MCT, Observatório do Valongo/UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Physical Research Laboratory [Ahmedabad] (PRL), and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

Subjects
Rotation period, Chord (geometry), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Astrophysics, Rotation, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, law.invention, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geometric albedo, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, Hydrostatic equilibrium, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present results derived from four stellar occultations by the plutino object (208996) 2003~AZ$_{84}$, detected at January 8, 2011 (single-chord event), February 3, 2012 (multi-chord), December 2, 2013 (single-chord) and November 15, 2014 (multi-chord). Our observations rule out an oblate spheroid solution for 2003~AZ$_{84}$'s shape. Instead, assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, we find that a Jacobi triaxial solution with semi axes $(470 \pm 20) \times (383 \pm 10) \times (245 \pm 8)$~km % axis ratios $b/a= 0.82 \pm 0.05$ and $c/a= 0.52 \pm 0.02$, can better account for all our occultation observations. Combining these dimensions with the rotation period of the body (6.75~h) and the amplitude of its rotation light curve, we derive a density $��=0.87 \pm 0.01$~g~cm$^{-3}$ a geometric albedo $p_V= 0.097 \pm 0.009$. A grazing chord observed during the 2014 occultation reveals a topographic feature along 2003~AZ$_{84}$'s limb, that can be interpreted as an abrupt chasm of width $\sim 23$~km and depth $> 8$~km or a smooth depression of width $\sim 80$~km and depth $\sim 13$~km (or an intermediate feature between those two extremes).

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